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PART

EXAMPLES

The examples in this part were selected to illustrate modern techniques in

solving realistic problems related to fixed-bed reactors. Various types of
professional software were used and are described in the examples. The
objective is stated at the beginning of each example, and general conclusions
relative to the problem type are summarized at the end of each example.
Because of the vast amount of readily available, reliable thermodynamic
data for gases, a series of examples is included to show the utility of
thermodynamic calculations in the design-decision process. These data require
no experimental effort or expense by the user, yet they yield highly useful
results.
Caution: Kinetic data used in the examples are taken from the open
literature, in which the exact details on catalyst characteristics are often not
provided. Where necessary for illustrative purposes, constants have been
altered to provide a closer representation of actual performance. When using
kinetic models for design, operation, or control, one should obtain data from
tests on the actual catalyst to be used in the commercial unit. For such
purposes, the form of the equations that may be found in the literature for a
reaction system will usually be applicable. Only the kinetic parameters must be
evaluated independently.

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