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    Schroeder Volume

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    2 views10 pages

    2004 Intro To Schroeder Volume

    Uploaded by

    Mami Bebe
    Schroeder Volume

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    In Paul W. Schroeder, ystems, Stability, and Satecrafi ‘Essays on The International History of Modern Europe Edited by David Wetzel, Robert Jervis, and Jack S. Levy. [New York: Palgrave, 2004, Pp. 1-19, INTRODUCTION David Wetzel, Robert Jervis, and Jack S. Levy "Tere nas been no historian in the feld of international reasons in oar sine whose apsoach to his subject hasbeen more scl innova, more “Ipanie,oe more erie han Paul W, Schroeder. There doubess have teen many specaise wo hive been more profi i their pubeaons Soc har posed any four books—eath of them stantial r9o of them ena sl ofc mre tan enough, be fare, 0 ges pcre of the gullet so ae pop, is eoleages and his ends! What is {Ei wel known, however, rot these ume oats ae ao refered inthe {iy ea mre thane bs publied ding he couse ois cee. These ‘Spire nw Scatered in he vations aed jours ae ths inaccessible tohe ly reader This makes ill the more acesary tht those who have the paces of tnowing him should sek to bing together the most Sri ‘aot ofthese conmbanons in one place ad beroeen evo cover, With this tutpon ining we have selected fourteen of Pal Schroeder's er eche published, ro unpublshed—Eom the past four decades These ‘Says dea ath the pre operand hemes of he inemationalHtory of rope em the end of eighteen century down to the presen ‘Athough Schroeder, lke most historians, docs not generalize the way a sons oh esos ae of great terest pica cenit 28 Mallas wo nistorane aot only through bis competing amass of specie ‘Sem and eras, bur also because he develope crain theoretical themes and “phases inortace proces and patterns that challenge standard propo ‘SSon nthe eld. He argoes that many sodene of cermational plc, Pe they pata sccnine or hstoriana,bave overlooked portant too} of cet placed excessive weight om the matenl setae of international plc fe expense ofpevaling worldview, and, party asa consequence, fave mised tie cu ansteady progres of ioterratina is. ‘aul Scveniers historia ey re scol’dscoure ati tines. Bat ‘hey are more tan thatch more, They coasitue a ceaseless epson Widener, cgay orcel ane arf argued. They heighten Irstance to the sperioar of th pofesion, the food of conwensonal tnowiedge all of 8 plauubly wrong—st te surounding sources of 2 Svarnas, Sramiuty, an Srarsenarr information have spread ke a stele set floor conemprary ior thought. To beleve tht unl Napoleon the sinter of Germany were Imelicval backwaters and thar ony beease of hind the break throogh Imodemiy; thatthe coalons agar Napoleon fled for Ick of common Purpose; thatthe Congres of Vien Wat not anc, but» dbl {o the weed erder ofthe cgheenth cei tht the aly Allance was « ‘Soak for te part of Rass’ Inert nse of so insrument forthe preservation of peace; that intermediary ster ae simply subjects an obits ‘tthe international pica stem wih no ineanne role ro py of tht ‘owns at se Crimean War was caused by Rami’ erat ro the indepen. ce of Tukey bur tha it real pupose, te the war gor ade way. es 1 Free Genal Europe fom her domination, tht Meter was he acitest of the Vienna stem, Bemarck the consummate, Resilient ‘Gtone the champion of elghtened diploma moderato, that Prsen secured eedom of acuon by ee usump over Soin 1866 sad Gay by her victory over France in 1870; cht Great Brinn wanted tance of ‘ower n rneeenth century Earope and di pure ce that Tukey, not ‘Astna-Hangary, asthe ik Man of Europe in he pr'1914 yet tha the ‘echesnes of Wii red the Enzente Coral of 1904 and the Tile Entente of 1907 upon the Brissh government that Wold War was ely ‘he dd Balan war hat ee sory often eons the htory of ceases spasms of embiered antagonsme betwee sovereign tater bees dese and hundred other pieces of common Knowledge canes cor and blindness in cusene discussione about hiory an inreratonsl polis. Ihe ugae against sch convenonal ies, Pol Schroeder the leader af he oppostion, and thes foarecn atl ch nformed by his as ‘ely command ofthe sources an terature an which they are Raed, con ste sees of eaten an seminal challenge to tay of the seeing Srthvones and stadaed ews of ox profeton. ‘Op more than one occasion Pal Schroeder hs exprsed the vw that sexenatinal pli este tht dynam noe as deca, not linear or ert, apd tata acl toring point in nterasona hitory ame daring the Napoleonic wars It cen oy iting, teefore, to begin thiscollecon of ess with one adesed to Sciroeders ew f Nepleon Nipoleon'scarceris the genes of modern legends, Schrader ges hee. ‘end good shoning inorder to demonstrate that tw» eg sed ha ‘vereached fall by ix wn ano. The entre stem tat Napoleon ‘ove was nein es an» erminal ners, Schroeder's cy, Sept is coo tone and sobering seoshp, san an: Napoleon wach ane ofthe "ort damning ever composed Tes wort pong out, though Schroeder docs not emphasize it, tht ‘Napoleon the man exemplied some nary even eh gu, nding an tnthalable slfrigheouess, 4 thoroushgoing hated of eterthing not reneh, and igh dere o body mindedness wth aon fo anyone who dsgreed wit him of questioned his sspstone tothe mastery of Europe ‘Bur ie was in meratonal polis tt his whole consconabe ambi Sean i files sd os vine expen. item woe ofinceible ‘inl, of cninaty efecdvay sito bts, Hera the otis of 1S acon Segin to emerge, though he fog of cots ad eeance tinwhich he ved tart hem dung haiti, wee cononted Wiha fecal sues nytery ems anal ea {Obagi with, smn ded space To hve pangs, Marn Wake nce wrote, heccouni nie the sserche Ft whenever 208 Sitewens to conrad tar paniple® Thon si the ges powers ia ple’ tne cul pot 1 specie abies th they wowld Ike to SiepRain to the Stone of the sear ander empl us to ‘Consaninoyl, Ani tolling te ving in Cnty and Being ahead fran, rsa tospremany in Nord Cem and thereon nore {rib Mae Napoleon cold pom to oxrhg nd onoshing, Nothing {CaldectyNapleo bcos he ha oo ina sti art nosing could Sats the paneee he od fr besa he id no tnd or “Ths tplomc cold se solve Naplcn' problems brash al no probe cold be se, Far om bing the freranner of European {hp tars wnierba rea fond inhim he wars throbock to thes ces enn olson net ena [Soe tn wel th opponents represented In sth cate no gan ‘Tau is dcr Even down fo ae day, Nipleon sa ial She pret tahe o humashind nd hanks ov rey a be ‘en jesmen beneath hy age burton bce indie ets ‘ie wich convene cidence mt how ad ree Nips a oon ar sep Hp, ino snd scrapes uno, managed conics the sates er Europe dat things could not go.on ach the ind poles they hn paced during he cghch century had made pone Nupleon' tc and tha pros th mtratol ore on whieh they Td depended fom tang enrvcined there one pes i i. Head to be epee bot Youd the ner tt ha alowed hi fo Tow thy dd and wh mines and canes prompted thee acon 2 stene to wish Schooler tun in it ny onthe Vea setlenent [nye who has ever sen the Sehbronn Fare on oats of Vienne {Boye he Dace de Ligne's ap remack Le Congr di mae Joc Schade ns no smpety Wid sch sow Tobe ma exon ‘inary amount of money way spent on tl dance anapont, sd the Ske bur the pov ofthe a by wht men of 1818 were ed hunting neh eeme Now tot Naples inp ad een broke, ffow math would Franc 6 alowed to keepin Pons beeen Sues nere tobe dinero how wath becned ot Inamar fhe ‘forid ws doosned os Cennd arog, what i egitacy mean and hat {itveguet Ths was he dla the sateen of 1815 bad to con font Ther meant to fats anew iterations em ro replete one thd been nvogue se the ccs centr. 4 Svarents, Sanitary AND StATECRAET ‘That te orrasonal ster of the eighteenth cemary Was a witches brew noting mor han a thoroughly repeat expedient ding te po cover dangerous moments in European fas, r= point Schroeder never ‘ese to emphasize. Efforts ovard tesolten of major poe ferences herve the powers were patel abandoned. Bele in he nestabliy of swaritelh the greaest dere to pesce—had grown inchesked, In rope many station: ha aren hat ered oly the sgh dsrance to diew the powers imo a major war The complete ances a0 the ‘vemar' tenons and he prem that ested onthe ene of pre fn the eghteenth cenary cy ed stein to tke der the prs oF fears misunderstanding, sions the effects of whlch were zeparbie®| ‘Belen the eicency of war aan iru of py wis adie by ‘sree During the gees century, two epee Pech ad the ‘Osoman, lino «decline and ined, by the endo seemed onthe verge cof olapsc; another, Saeden, ay demand id, Poi Lithuania had the le guerre ou fit altogether Two cere Pru and Rename {oto har own and an ancient fourth, the Habu monasty, soe Something of ea sare. was war “and oly wary wich changes of {hisscope were cari eon. vente blondes pare of Poland were ‘Set by-products of the Reo Pras strogase” Teis this it and ethers ike that lead Soe o encourage der nc aide toward the Congres of Vienna and to do v0 be adopt tee fof apench Fs, he denies tt he Vena me reo tulanee of power in any meaingfl sense. For balance of omer 0 i, A]. P-Talor once obserted, "no one state mast be rong enovgh 0 eit tp the rest and ay tendency toward domination by ones hearted by = combination of checks nd balance ofthe others." Secor compares te ‘especie stents ofthe poners of Europe st the end of the Napleonsc ‘ss ad nds that we a them, Rais and Grex Bai, which he cal the Aanking powers, were decsivly stronger than the other tee, France, ‘stra ad Prussian so much so tht they domiasted the Continent and cul pres upon cher wl if they wished. The mse of Vienna was ot, then, one of tlaees, but one that rested oa the sbared hegemony of these vo fanking powers Second, thoughout hi account ofthe Congress of Viens, Schrocter sess the deep empha placed on ein and leita, and he Aenes that these concepts fad snching in common withthe ance [power sit is genealyundestood. The men of the Congres of Vie left F subesantil body of memoranda and wrtings backed up by numerous records of private opisions of isimates lke Gent, conan of Metric fn secrecy ofthe Congiess, who refit te terminology of ie geet tin in ang the postwar stem the “ederason of Ero” Alera terms ono by him were the “feed union” andthe "European league ‘The group of pindpled powers be refered to masa “the great ligne.” “th non ofthe geet powers” the “union af sovereigns” Schroeder csmcedes that phises Ie “buance da poaoie” or “Ghichgewiht det Inrroouenos 5 rie” were prt ofthe vocabulary of he Viena statesmen, Da age ‘Dat balince of power war aly part of their oe sem and ts ain Component and perhap ot even a inportar oe “Tied, Sivccer ols wi, even the apparent spay bereen the ba ance of pone ap the setdement tha war seen devised so man scholars fine perused in using the foc to decbe he evens of 1814-15, That te Congres of Vena rescted pes achievement has been foe eat et sce 1925 wa he pblestio Othe grest works of eich vow Stk and C.K. Weber Yr, what these wer and er enero “om Heory Kings tthe most conspicuous but by wo means the ly Tramp! ae led co appreciate how tly evelutonay the Views ‘Sem was Tntead, they spest of 4 renoraon, + rear to sabi, + esuhsent of bale 0 power, een an eof ation and represion (reition a change ‘Shrocdr wil hve mine ok Eighteen Sen represented a elton, itcver one ented to speak of revesbon nagursted systemic change ar seching ao scvlutonay so fender norms, rakes, xP lon, and cline assumptions that tid the foundations ofthe work tha has flowed ier sine, Sadan icerpretions ofthe Vienna nate Fav eomprchend the naive ofthese change, and indeed mach fee {exh coma European pots, bees hey conn ew ht sem ‘Srp he ee oa ocepone oe oes "Srocde anys ths aewconcepoon of bance ad equim in hit sos om “The Ninetenth Cenury Stem: Balance of Power or Poi ‘gavin? in conta o ihterth cemry Eorope, in which power ‘cae in ems of tentry, popuaion, and reve and everaged by ‘Sianer—war usd to banc and resin power, Sroeer ages hat Sos Rinkamemaly dient em tht emerged aller the Congest of ‘Vienna Wha made fren, an hat explains the far grates stably of the nacre cer, was peimarly» reformation of pola think 25 in wich potest had come to conc of tla and equ ‘San in pew wey Schvocter age hat this wo "predominant moral, {ee and sal communal model of balance whch equa resuced [ian eemon the maintenance othe ola and vocal ode ora whole tu te ny ofl pomes im defense of the legal etblshed onder” Tras {Slee ofsasrions, bance fights and obligations and ance sf perormance and pat ae tha alan of power ‘Bs te ena Venn cst tonto ae sre of interatonal ie 2 host of ac and forthe mont part, ite methods and functions. They Uemonseated, bs ofall tht pla equa posible in inrerasonal ‘fein wiht talc of power, an that tonal balance of power pl ies olen works against iateratonal aby. Second they showed thst mera! systems, though chiose, can be resveined and modested hough the cooperthe clos of thereat powers Thi, the Venoe Stem ci bund a hos of thes acompihmens ha ent hem, 2 George Kennan once obuered ar gardeners not mechanics the creston ‘of (1) intrmational ierediry bodies specially defensive) creed ‘European center (2) reseaning alias, tndesandingy and carte (G)t whole sees of wae dt sl eral dope er 17870 18 ‘The hitore tk ofthe Vion Ratemen Was to seer the inert’ ‘tem rom is roe and Inch ona patho moveron. Ths ws the ak that nas sccomplhed i 1815, Schroeder eaten As agumet shoot he rvoionay changes of 1818 ‘nd the Inoguraton of new neato! order to Rastanbehvior throughout the nineteenth emu In hs ems on “Content Ninetecrh (Century Sve: The Case of Rams,” Schroeder contrasts the res and slominecing behavior of Russie ehe tne of Per the Great wih the “conserva, lean, amrevlatonar” poy tht simed for pene and seit power cooperation afer the Congres of Viena Ts was tne when ‘many European ee that Rosa would te enormoas gsm rtory rd nee fom the eighteenth entry to makes bi fora trode pos ‘on of hegemony. Scone concedes that Russ was expansion A, Sat argc tht it knew when sop 03 0 avon wars wth eter Earp oer ver noo-Eopean confit, an tn ay ene epaaniheov tor ouside of Europe id not hese the sity ofthe Eeopean stem ‘Scholars who acknowiedge Ran resuai i he Pst af the ne tech ear genera atte ote cece foncooning f+ bance ‘ot power syem and Rush's Ear that spurt of ean plies ‘on wigger hse balancing celilon: thet dscns hom a vew “Hares that Russian leaders wee ressined pinay bythe new ira Sonal errand sense of European comma tht thy anace had hlped to construct. They bebeved in the new eat syater the pace of monarch solr and inthe dea and Teas of cece freatpover management of European polis, ad they gh he pee, onl and inva, ht would coe rm Ras jay cena rele ‘8 tha gem, The oe leading statertenof Europe rrpoied to the fa of Rasa power and ambition not by sching to fot ent sa {tire sound it bt by atempting to insence Roa by banging ero thar stem of alianes. They believed tht each counsel ire Gould be preserved whe a he same tine sabjceng the parcial pepe tvs ofeach othe broadening andestanding othe irae others ‘Schrocde ns thin chapter ith he genhanon that ary govern fs renin Seer and more sll by Rens an ales than 0 opponents cr enemies” This sey Ghee in Schroeder wee, an one he ‘lls mor fully in his em 00 “Alben, 1815-1945: Weapon of Power nd Toot of Management” This esty bar been paral inenal ‘none plc ste base dears oe he emerson ree inn of allan in ems of snp “api agregaon mde a hich states join together, anal for spclic and short-run purpore, ‘nies wo deploy greater resources than eter could do sone ‘Schroeder dors not Sy tht tec, Dt he Shows tha lanes can se7 others cbc, uncon, They cas be inruments by whe one ayn nen or ool nother ra wayin which l ofthe mans in tei angus each other Count gv ap some anor by ete {ican lune and parce un some silt tape wh the rte Wal do, Theres no concn rw ein ste at nd cng. ‘Soo es mse ner psy oe est na © Iacne a pcenaly cering sie and nmr at ens dono Ito veh confi, Ihe ue ofan 01 ol of iene an conte 1S cen ean ascined wih Dinar, bar Scvecer provides # more fener concpaiaion and apples wise range of ston se th Srocler emphases a any of hin eam glace works covough roping, Srnging tee ogetier ny ha makes ico fra fic tumor wr sévereres Incision can bea ponent ‘ume npr bre sftp Neca ore, Winn pare power ts and pve tain ners pi [RSL ie inion alos aye dangers, no lens. But there 5 a Were dence ee tee fst of Rom the ouste mold much pombe (eg, Tonaera Joyun mow sete sel trond septance One reson South Af fay {elated Apr ose sen soll acted on eer an he whe ite {y'prlenued eicloion fem mos forms of nematonleenac. Even Non Kora tay, ih a eologa commien to selsaceny ‘Seng des eepance ora se Te ee in nd sence nn toy ir set Sct cancers; being pat he soy of ato I i that Us ae by wo respect thes independence, a pice frm of ‘omaggresn pce Due bg cided abo axial Fist Oy TVnSREazadon tat dept newer import ifercncesin ply snd sic cue there arimporant commons ewe ha the Sates ov ‘Miter othe then, and tht hiss ener in good ang of hgh ‘See cb, Sohoedr i ot copnng pa leader with teenager {Us ese fr aproa but he es hat no ona eae eek ene ‘Sreqnisen by bes oposte sess and tat eens ad ees went Sikh aan i wicon ter cep en ‘Groupings ef cs dono epee in acoso cost eg a leans orden of com tes and pape Bet econ se ‘ci tern nt purport dont rm yes bee 3 roupns ot ei snd sre pole On some oxasions, of cou, SET increta commited over sitet Ex haeycomaunment and war wi work The sr fcoainment ha is eeate aunt or sther walk Roa inthe eter ceatury ud not wrk with Nat Germany Indes, ae Sebvoeder argues ith ‘Set to Wer War, by 1914 nts Bad decane wenews dha 4 ‘oy conn eames and tne hr ow sere 0 rr Stucralaic ofr tne aed confit hd become ine Bt thi tromot erode oferta ouch nd domes insta, bu cane Tota fem the ay the sts etd ach oer Neon! gol can be ‘more o ss moderate, oreo es compatible wih the goals of ether, and ‘more o es informed by an understanding vat he tts forays and that natn ations hve porta fia ngs hel nd satay of dhe yer State cane aly determine eee” ‘goals, bur they can inca hen ‘Convention! hols understand this and point to the roe of superior force and hose laces in eating te ambos othe great distur of ‘he intematonal ste, of enforcing mocration from ihe onde, Ts of couse spat of th pr, bit Seeder ste aes he mee Important pat Ses an goa Snare way ond nding moran recognizing oth’ al interest "Recoyniing” has to tmesnng, Dat of ‘which appl here. One coping in the sexe of undertending, of eng Innere of others that ay not be ety to dcr. The sate mast Sek Uundensand what i tat otbers ned fo alla th rles in the eer ‘iogal syste. Perhaps the cardial sin ent pois and Shor ‘cs tht a2 morals wel aa pail filing i tobe indo others com ‘butions and acess. The fave of Great Brain oundertand the poston, ‘alo, ad fai of Ania Hungary andthe ipl this ad forthe ‘ir interstonal stem or example wa Yor cise of Ned Wa 1” ‘cing onan appreciation of othe nord can lado erating that required frit be wllng to continue to work with othe and dosn om the uniotea we of ares eo abide by inerntonal fecment ander Sundin Sometins, of Coun, sate wll ote or anychng les a the domination ifnot the deseuetion of thei neighbors. Hier asin pr ‘ies the obmous example. Bur it ao isan anual ese More quently ‘ates ae wllng or canbe brought around to being wing to ve wih ‘tangements that are tease minimal story to ober or Schroeder, ermal diplomatic arangerent, prcrments, an inst ‘ons impor as they are, are shaped by deeper impulse In el Ancorng intnonal sm sich nt wich rtrd oo the nineteen century, pote! ete develope of alae and pespecses {hac sapport grouping, moderation, spd respect for othe Tey aro om ‘exptience—almot ava iter experencetht the alterna of nee Inte competion for poner and shoreran ineret est Hoot was tt tear the stem and the member sacs spre” This not learning inthe sense of geting a bene ies of what insrmcnscan ach «ana go but eather what soils and pote scits refer tom seca eaton the eaming (or learn) of base ates and valves of sppreprate ways ‘of consractng a broader sem. Cent tothe evouion of irnsonal polis and behavior peibeckcummancs sre he aye Whi ears have been secnized 0 ew the world and tei one terest nt and how ‘hey dink ethers can be best induenced and ccommosated, ‘Socialization by necessity isa proces thi bot nda and calle. Tava leaders and stats are socized, bt notin lation fom ach ‘ater. They a moved by events that thy share, and cach sate eps saliee ‘ie othes. The bt example, andthe ape with greatest consequences oF aurpean itor, as th reizaton that gew ot of we Napteoic ‘van The laden were able ts cattom fang down Napaeo, andy ‘ren more npc deal ar he my tert pc: had Nh cantaced tee tiny shed he expeene of + persion of Socbly dessuctne warbre. The leader then camer ee tat wha ‘er they id vould santo rer tthe old of conducting itecnaonl buses Ty nor el ered nw mechan of oper Men bur tey cae to une that rons wekingwecory a Be {Spee of chee wen a in mul deren. The Eame fo ape Sect mong son in ight tetecve tem ws ey to arto {Esand ing dot wrath od thy oad ors Working ‘etpomer was not absent, of coun, but wa joined by new sense of reson and «conan ig in wo acho ste could “ado eauichnege sowie interes, warner ot ya as tnlecd the deunds nt anipton at tes wou opper therm, Itt they tr tensees pr os res ten ang tht hc con {Sons of lire and haw to rer change. “hs cncepoun aiternaoa ner epontin Sched’ view, by the Ven sym, The tmp of tat en, fo Seeccet s hat Pola eae te mid cen cry mse» ost opportunity €2 UGnmida the ew ncrnaonl eran ned oon hele ck inthe dsstous rod wo the Carcan War In he cs ean up 10 the Saran voaghou tes year coun, hee War oe power tt worked Jlssnteny to son bg rages into the rand obi hat wa 020 Ends oiky apo the pomeringuenon ws sina he a manok goede Auseian ipo oe daring titer ine ws Bul the eps inter Tor yeas Buc we iced suk Spe Meech, fe mance calle is pole "lose and even detached 9 histor 2 M.S. Andon, ning in 1968, ed hin the cachet of ster" Isat of ehahable comp ne which reprobed here, Strode Funda wholy dfs chance He argu that Whe Boe ook ty tht proved dat cade eleven she fore ures of noes ‘Rod when Sener hon ro chart he couse fhe dexsns eos pair ar fen ith i, fc as th ee. Many ofthe decison an no goes potion fom hs ep onens axtome, Of ec, Bohan economy str of eommece ander Paice Searched Buel predecocr, was By the mos foie From fo pon a Constantines Bek ered ec th Belen {cou af Aun poly, Brak ilomat of eee hited vison ‘Su aly, and be pine ers pt bse om ren, on ance with oni, ano Holy bance Bata fom Seroeer's ey Dt at Buck aoe Bruch, who wor the adsl and who ted 0 oer Mncnch’s pines othe i at hand Like Meter Bel wanted to cc Rasta tout honing her ike Merch ene tht he She manor wheter Rus Shoal be contin bt ows ke Meterich es the spectro reoton on the hnon the Faster question broke 2a) Hom diplomatic control Both Menetich and uol Knee tt he abi would not be sented bythe opponents home nls it made oss ad hence Earope merece thee te sometines ened to the eiplmat somaniy a Vea oe sy and mo above chesiag the alee Thi ulate aja 2 gol wetcen of te Eater ct ton sro Concer dom, dd nt ser “Swords concer he ps te tite more co i ateton to the defect of Brac’ pocy thant pon out te abana of Bucks Yehisprefenc fr Boas poly ice sds ot hard oe hy. That vol il pot want olen niton othe Earn gusset he wished ‘o-nd the conf a mph a posible; the tank Pom pnw do tn tat he ened ors poring the wa sa rsa tithe wished to ecp open the cao consnmscatons oa sds hat he wes rel Blow heres hat ould pal Ron dow fo the nk of the yet povers tat he lf weds Gpomate proves cuca snd wih an {toward binging ital ret orate moments hat he waned {o end the war th 2 inmam of pee to he fare stay of te {Coninent—ir cea. The min soot he Enc cs ht Bool em 2d Ws snp ad sigh ou of Mere boas ve poe Conca Slang Rosa. Tukey woul be preserved and pace aed ot y bul. i uy nln Rani oy ping Rs ode Tn the end, aol effort fed, snd Ausra ecto Rom he Chimean ‘war wos ll hn none cers fees fat Ro wh adm ‘teat on the bate! a humiiton he peace ale nde, Ros, though deed, teed bel gore sh win 20 jos ws song than ever forthe French an pei or Bly very othe wa as ‘eel er hey to oul 90 rea er hae a the Conc ‘ruton The tansmoarfeaton of Rs orn Coser pow te ‘reson ne andthe withien of Raa appar forte Cancer {em opened the doo tothe aston of ely ned Gamay a ns prove iirc inset cats vo te meee of iin, Nowe wt Beta’ pol leader nerd thn eu many yeas ate the all import ther comery of unted, power, maserze, consetine rss Germany In that fc funders sey Norman ch bs ined tate tbe ound some of the ot the ta Anglo> Geman Entegonm ofthe soit entar™ In another en, ne publ in is book, Schroeder begins by reconting a ory ef the American morn, Robert Bence, Who eed {i cxaiatin 2Hard tht nade the querson”“Dicus Ue anata: Arercan See any fn che arp the Cann the Americans” enhy ered athe oa ot ing hms odes itom ete the mandy of he Caml or he Areas and would fnnend cus it Rom the sana ofthe Sh Schoey we hae ‘ed th sme leat vo open hfe on "The Lot Ices Schroeder bein his essay wih «gene frmulaon ll aermediary ‘bose he, he points ut some freon naling tates gate conics "Aver they lig” he tem "Geet Power competion stands good ‘hanec of blag ited co primacy, Where they do nt, Great Powe aly tendo ponerily coward sugges for aery™ Hee he at pin ses tiny fase pon he our South German ates conse one of the Hebets moss ere aes of Europe for Nesbiin, moderason, and swan inte odeing and management of erbaonal lao, and that {ber appearance into Germany in 1671 had consequences “almost 3 Import she wo-cled unison f Germany oe The care of Schvcte' cay dea wih th consequence ofthe Franco rssan War, in pareuar te daapperace of the four sates of South (Ccomany-Bivai, Wartemberg, Heme Darmstadt, and Baden—and wth {he impcaony of tht or the European remains stem. sce sss shat by abeing the sso South Geman 1871, Baie enue Pade Grays tion th pec so thc et rat per —Fratce, AUS, amd os. [Fa Rosie—immcaurabh nor oy ernealy, wos han had been Str Schroeder recognizes that shee ae objections to his ie: two ofthe pacar orca, bat he poses of them in characte cael {ons Ones hte sates of oath Germany a een congbred meh ‘Ste estat Pras had abvorbed in 1866, heal were ed 0 et 1 wens of alae: The second bjeion i ut dhe Treaty of Prague, hich ended the Antro- Pasian Wa of 1866, at ephemeral and ans Tomales sept selcnen nto one rey ee about and wo “rangement reso obvnilyprovsnal and tenuous thatthe union of ‘Cem invome form o sneer was neil “The ft sbjedon, he ney coin te fe: Though thes ow su cerns were in Pros’ eb port 1870, they cel acted independ nu ofan way detpig athe td domes, mtr and ‘Non fovcgnpobcy tat were inden of mack and even dwar Sereyng to hm Consider Bavaria the vetory in the cecons of May and ‘November 1869, ofthe an-Panot Pry te overthrow in Febru 1870, [tthe pine mic, Hohenohe, ad the noonous Une of King Tad The second cbiiton dines a well for i¢ updresioats what Schvoede ses 9 bese re seth ofthe peace of 1866, That te peace tid no pres atng bn os German natonal eatece clear enhy thu could or have done sos mich mare debate A Lxhar Gall as uve, the cceemcat had in fete hee elements that are metal {Er any seemen ofthe German ion. 1 vs eo al ire Sana! semen spd by ll the major score Ads, by France nd even by Ron I oul incon therfore a a intermediary bod iurodered Contel Eseoean sis anda th sane ine hasan eat power inerems n ado, onganiaon lnc reat omer eed 2 Svsreus, STABILITY AND SraTECRARE for independence with smaller states’ requirement fr secur so tabi, ally its anstory nature was paedoucaly + source ofr suength. Al temps to undermine the srement of 1866 an ints the sand Napoleon Us seemes wo block Promia st the Min though 2 mace of ino allances; march’s schemes t0 bring the south German ste ito the Nore German Confederation; Asta schemes to throw her net over the ‘sme ates by shim pretense of ier reform ad Baden scheme 1 get into the enfederston voluntary ‘Schroeder doesnot, shoud be noted deny the oe othe vesement of 1866 in advancing the great changes tar came over Europe ithe yea that followed. Aer 1866, he notes, the powers ootsde Germany lst eet ip the south German ats. Aas, Rens, and Tay aye ait some Incest in beeping the sar of Prossinn power fom ing inthe German aia shy, but foreach, for diferent rtean, hs incret was mote sae. {nt than rel BY 1870, moat Ausra ba Rrgoten about south Geta Independence; they were damped by the seting lastly of the ant ‘Prusan case the woefl distant among itr iris coriponents the con fixing, laledosopic quality of she anges in the polite and matary fortunes of she vasows groups. In any eae, Aue ina pinch hed abeays opted for 3 dea wth rosa over sou Gcnman eas Rann ambi ‘wee fated onthe Black Sea aban ones an Rome. For ec indica ‘va preferable intervention ‘One powes, homer, coul nt afford ich iene: France, For hee the fte of Souch Germany, nth whom she we connected by reson of i tory and geography, was «He-and-death mate After 1866, France sa the Prasan threat leary and amerpted to do what she couldscquring “niembug and Belg, fering maze of aizncs, and 30 on ta Hock ross, These temp represented # a efor to comftone the Doman anger, bot as SelvoederPeints ot, with respect tothe mouth Gan ste, they represented no ange atl, Indeed they mae a already bad siraton mich worse. Especially war thie the ce afer 1867 when the French determined ht 2 crossing ofthe Main by Peuisa would constiite = eal. Ta ool only mae Franc Praia War pete with i the posse eth tes wha hi the son to fear om sucha ar ‘ota, Waruenberg, Baden, and Hese Dartadt--mould appear ‘Schroeder's atumeat har some important npn forthe orgs of the Franco Prassas War. Mee pice he pans cere, eacitona ews ‘ofits otbrekwha Bismarck war erin eying to pomote xh oft tions with France in the Hohensoller cindidagylone mach of thee fonce2” The eel qusdon becomes Wht danger was so reat for him in 1870 tomate him adope a scheme that was 0 inchasctenc of fim, one ‘hat could easy baci, tw up in is ee, and ie psy cot him is job? Schroeder's ex suggests pone answer nota dese to provoke Wat With France, but the need to counteracs she multiplex silane of the ebaces described ac the end of is esa the founding in Baden of 3 purGculart and an Prussian Tlliparte he unkeshing in Waster oF Intnonuerion 8 se soars opponents 0 ter op the tery budget, 2 Sn ofa the neon, fur al oof the lbeloe easy and 1 eplacnent ip Mach bya tiniay ofthe po-Asean Ptr Pry Font the fe of se ondenceScreter pact, one might wel conde ‘Det Bach was no hur vo anesthe ates of south Gemany and that te bos den nto soso oly Besse eens nas an beware ad Upmtthe stage A conaerbi pec fixe eon, 0 ye et. Tm 1867 Boumeck sent is maboous compen co Wiliam Evan ‘iadrone, he Beh pine miner, Te i tha wile hes bay chop pig done tees Tam bun planing tem" ™ a remark ht reves ch Toot Hamar’ caaie tongues docs about Glstone’s edening ibis. They were wily leet ea—Bamrck nd Glasone The dis ike fr each ther wa nest yx thee wa Seo OMS ot Inoe between te ovo of es han mets te “The seni! view of Gldaone rn something Ske this, He was or tecue, ie Fooples Willie knw perfec eta the peng were holencaredy on his de, He gromered moeraion apd cation in pt {aijedgmca. The esens of Grom reign poy os hi bel nthe fable uw of Europe. Te lew of Cental Bore, spec Asia lunar, boing pened wave to pc wy were owes th Whom (Grat Ban held ove nothing to 80, Th poy ted after event Sccumulong evo waht dacoeing in thers slten for Eoopet ioubles Gadsoncl von was erie erent He waned to combine rogics and Chatty He advecstd economy and pace, but managed {o the step thar ed incstably to moder Bah ner. Wid ohn ‘ge bcd ta or law edad oo oni le, bt Tere ht and pace of erin ce dens with cath ker. He pe ‘ld insbort conan a mc fervor hat rel be (0% Oy ‘eh imermatora uc He wanted ignore the Cominent 2nd tocinhrge be Bs sion in he eof the eld. The Bs cling Spon tow asf md and pita fad mde he country he en (Gof te ght fxm of einson the mer, weld had eer KOO, ‘Seal tach even ee (follow hie apie ™ The champion of rian and cabghteent Schroder noes 2 sang sym the Ghdsone of tery -¢ msn con a0 lesen fom ticnaual un of uma agents who Bind thems im paces of ao Sbjct the same Imm alte bythe same esectns of sony tinted by te sme erga tan one my ad by he same ame or fit beacen shad spn, beens le nd hay. set make fon of stone, Setoede resus he empeson Hees Ghdsone take fin af himele Glo, Sct how war man of ing proms 2c. He mae hag ions and Gen ps hn ren {Foome longterm po He ou ely judges tution 0 ested a {team wa wring tou be Ces of Eroe or wa eid the uy before He ned within tt wool have exhased =n) isc man sn pen vis le Bit gnre oes oF ops them out he way, What he iin Afi nthe Bln, on Ep, wasn Bea's seme itere andes ae oven he aig i ‘Gade was on Gs de Behe Go ad so range ings tobe on Ghdaone “Those oberon wil ace 1 ge some ide fhe many pons of ‘is eny—rchiyiforned by Schroer’ lary wits Bas ites. ‘orl htory,teresing, crf argwe, and deserving of = Std cs Sxl commen hat could ot be ge wt the pce Dt one to ‘hem sea tothe be of he ays cna concern. “Schvoeder reject eg ith, the sagen that Bismasck wicked Gaon ine nersening in Ep se beg ring Anglo-French rlaons He ecognie te maltose spe Cason ple ad ‘hows how change 0 rented in 2p) torn asd ty mor gl and paca shocomings He disres with thre who belive tha Geen’ sor pines overode practclnaions He eet on talc, the view ta Gadus poly represented an aterm te Bismarck Rent He favre an plana ta ses thom sy de thesue con aly he reat an sation at ges ima wootbes ‘nica cman polis. Rel bebo es ot mae Das is pus pretense, Gndone wasn Schrode’ view, dvd of smo exstes. His poly be canted ss one ax preaged at Sir Edvard Gry elt” foreign mine whoever ed fee Le Ste, he pecan fendasp wah Fane, he Gry he ted to each Ialy fom the Tile Allee and des the Tvee Enron? Lente the evry Brin miner except comers ke Dic he

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