8 Contents PART vit ‘OF Serene of Monat Paosoes (OF the Quewions which aught tbe examined in x Theory of Moral Sestests (he diferent Account which have been ven ofthe Natere of Virwe Iseroovertox (Cuan. Of the Sytem which mae Virtue const in Propriety Gunes Of the Sytomwhich make Virtue cout i Pradce (Gat IL Of hve Ste wick make Vir com i Beelence (Cuae. IV Of eto Systems (f the diferent Sateme which have Ben femed concerning the rinsple ‘of Apprebation emooveriox (Cuae-I Of hae Sytem which dee the Principle of Apprabton from ‘Sifove Cane I” Ofthoe Stee mbich make Reanon the PrinpleofApprbation (Caan. I Ofthne Stns which make Sentiment the Prinple of Approb- (Of the Manas in which diferent Authors have treated of the practical Rules of Moray PART I (Of the Prornuer of Acriox Consisting of Three Sections SECTION 1 OF he Sees of Prorery of seaney How selfish soever man may be supposed, thee are evidently some prin- ‘pes in his nature, which intrest him in thefortneof others, and render {hele bappinese necessary to him, though he derives nating from it except the pleasure ofsecing i Of this kind is pty or compassion, the emotion ivhich we fal forthe misery of ohers, when we ether see tor are made Ae conceive it in very lively manner. That we often derive sorow from -thesocrow of others, isa mate of fet too obvious to require any inmances | te prove it; for this sentiment, lke al the other original passions of human atures by no means confined to the vitwous and humane, though they perhaps may fel it with the most exquisite sensibility. The grestet afin, the most hardened violator of the laws of society isnot altogether without it 2 Ae we have no immediate experience of what other men fel, we can form no ide of the manner in which they are affected, bu by eonciing ‘what we ourselves should fel in the ike situation, ‘Though our brother is ‘Upon the rack slong as wo ourselves area our eat, our snus vill never Znfore us of what he sues. They never did, and never can, carry Us ‘beyond our own person, and itis bythe imagination ony that we ean form ‘ny conception of what are his sensations Neither can that faculty belp to this any other way, than by representing o us what would be oor “Gyn i we were ia his ease. I is the impressions of our wn seses only, _ hot those of is, which our imaginations copy. By the imagizaion we | flac ourselves in hit situation, we conceive ourselves endaring all the Sime torments, we enter as it were int his body, and become in ome “menwre the same person with him, nd thence form some des of hi ena ‘lon, and even fel something which, though weaker in degree fs not alto- ‘ether unlike them. His agones, when they are thos brought Rome tu _ tees, when we have thus adopted and made them our own, begin at Iart fect us, and we then wemble and shudder atthe thought of what he ‘cs. Fora tobe in pain or distress of any hind exces the most excetne | terrow, soto conceive oto imagine tat we are in it, exciee some degree ‘the same emotion, in proportion to the vvacity of dulnes of the con: m410 Of Proprery Miz “Tat init suc our eng fer this of other, ht ica by shangig ncn cy wi he ler at we come eer etched ye el my be eon by many Sbviour ocr fit shuld nb huhu ondentt tel Athen we ead se anu et il apo ele of Tote peso, re natural hh and low bud cur ome o or en and when's doce fein sone ested at yh Secs Benen. The ma when they ae png net Caescanctope surly te mt etd bane or bd Pah ay felt te hele tS fin Shonen ode tres anda weak cotati of ty Com pi at taiy oe wrest es wich expt by ees Dekcnccen they Sept fal anichingor wen een ar Teapot pat th own te. The hoe wc yee SEUSS ace eros atc tn perce prt omer teh any eben at ror ee cern hy ‘Rete hse they realy wee te wrens whe thy ae [ego a tht arta un heer acy eed Bectabenibrle meaner. Te way fers of th conepon uence te rou tt ching ys Sried of Menst the ms uty sure at ne pn Sore te ott tery seen nthe ory ch ro aaa Sno ea ne song Pa re Sate than toy ahr a fhe bly inthe weaken ‘erat ose ecmsncs ny wich cep oso, ht cal othr fclon cng Whee te psn hh es os ay Sarin paar cloaly cour foemaageacocton oro oes tcgt tks inte ett evy tente spent Sone tivemnect taper of ge semanes ho SASS ae peter he dat and ou fllselng Shot ny rsx ora nh ih er apie: We tet Ihe tor Pade towers thee fat tenis wo di oot dee ‘Rete i destin nt ne hut go along wath tr eseaemet enn ese eis ate who rel nade or cee aarti he mado mans ssp the rotons ef tc by Sunder seas cated ova bybgng he ec ae fo Riana aioe held beth semen oe are ayn compen se weds prorated igor lw Soing ee Sy hugh ts mesg a ea Sigaaly te tase may ose howe wttaat mach fopepecy, oe saree tae flow ting hay psa wie? Aon Ste oe ata 7 Propriety " ‘Upon some occ sympathy may sex to rie merely fom the iw _ 4 grain emotion in aaer pen. The pasion, pen some oa | ons, nny tem tobe tarfued from one man to anahe, nstaotane- Bais anccdent any knoe of what ext thers in he pe oe ply concn Gt sn yf exnpl stongly epee Teer gars ef any on at once ale he pect with we aa ike punter apecale onion A aning facet every Sym vcs chew eject ors sow conten, one Bie ands lnc oe = tts however oc not held univer, o with repurd very Ban Toee we sme pssen of whch On expres exc no of “Giepaty. but before we are nsunned with what gare ocean fo then, Tro dngu and provde un psn hem, Theo bears "Teas sna manor ely to cenprte npn hinel than aga Bess Av wv umeqct he prooion we coat rag Sa Se ret eurvn, tr conceive any ing ike he poe wich | ites But we platy sc what the stanton tose wth om ee pyran wn viene ny nay be expe om eseraed an are TE erent, hereto, spp wth nc ox or rote Tr iometiaelydopne stake pat aunt the man fem whom they Te bein oameh danger Sth ver appearances of et ad jo inspite ws with some dee f is beet tiny supp othe pel ent se eed or bd fran ha hu fale te prem hom we beeen inthe prion is fein fare some einen open i ees sre an oy tae nthe pon who fs ween Mowe of hints expo do note ton of Romane tgp su the sf any ete pn for whom me oso w mes Ares ae open ohn The gece of odor aoa tee Ufo, coc tine concer forte paren whe ha net wnt ba he deaf provecstion ies no sympathy with the ange the man ohare Natur ec nce sto Be more sve enter fs spin, andl ifrmed oft cur tobe doped ruber to ime Ucn oor empty with the gto jo fetes, before wea ine cof he cme of eer, anh extremly inperec Gener entonn, which expres hing but he ngewe cee fairs cruty enya lnc uaon song wih wane Speco yp lh pele a hae need ut TMS da with ese ‘thom endo nd Wh epate nde Se eect, ten 3)2 Of Propriety ‘tune and sil more fom torturing ourselves with conjectures about what it nay be, yet or fllow-fecing i ot very considerable. Sympathy, therefore, does nt aie so much fom the view ofthe pate son, a Tram that ofthe station which excites i We sometimes fel for “nother, a pasion of which he himself seems tobe altogether incapable; becnse when me put ourselves is eis, that pasion arses in our bret fromthe imaginal, though i docs not nhs fom the reaity, We blush for the impodence and raeess of another, though he himaclf appear tohaveno sense of the impropriety of bis own behaviour; becuse we ea hot help Tsing wth what confusion we ourselves should be covered Ide behaved in o absurd a runner. 3 ‘Of all the calamities to which the condition of mortality exposes man- lund, tele of eatonsppens, to those who have the least spark of humane ing by far the mont dre and they Behold tat lst stage of human ‘rctenedness ith deeper commiscration than any other. But the poor ‘wrth, whois ni aughs and sings perhaps, ad is altogether isensibe ‘of his own misery. "The anguish which burma fos, therefore, a the ‘ght of such an object, cannot be the rection of any sentiment of the {niferer. The companion of the spectator must aie altogether fom the ‘oridration cf what he himself wou fel he wa edaced othe sme {inhappy situation, and, what pezaps is imposible, was tthe same time able to reard i with present reason and judge 4 "What ae the pangs of mother, when she hears the moaings of her infant tat during the agony of dace cannot express what i fel? Ta bere of what sles jon, ora helplessness, he Own oe sciousness ofthat helpentes, and her own tors forthe uno cone ‘duences ofits dluorder; and out fal thse, forms, for her own sorrow, {heme complete age of miery and iste. The afar, however, ‘nly the unctsnese of te present instant, which can never be great ‘With rpard wo the fotre, it pstecty secur, and in its thoughtless, and want of freight, poseaes an anidote gains fear and anxiety, the {ret trmentors ofthe human best, fom which? reson and philosophy Ail in van attempt to defend it, when it grows upto a rao 3 Wie sympathize even with the dead, and overlooking what is of ral innportanein the situation tht aul faarity which awaits them, we are chief affected by those etcumstances which strike our sees but cB. fave no influence upon thet happiness eis miserable, we tink, 0 be deprived of the ight of he wun tobe shut out from fe and conereton’, tote din the eld grave, 2 prey to corruption and the reps ofthe arthto bem more thought of nhs world, Dut to be ablitersted in fim, from the afection, and almort from the memory, oftheir dere friends and relations, Surly, we imagine, we can ever fel foo uch fa ving washed 67. OE wih, 67 a (Of Propriety a I ani mtcnd dead, Tin tanc bee era see re ee ee ena er ee ee te ate eres map Shear ae cor om ne ai hp aor ee ae Sea eye ores ie es eer eters Bo nce teem he ot le ei eter ten wre anemone eye oot er oem ety potters pre aca ne ee Soro me cer eee ge Dee cae oge oe eae eat cert wench feng ew ee Se re ee ere _ epson in eo nie, ewe aod e eee a tana amet inten tery tan Seis ete grade ome teen oe eerie acta cen acai mac weeeale ea pales ee gon ome pre ree ee eee eon - the individual, ‘all oor sentiments fom certain refinements of sl-love, think them at no las to account, cording other own principles, both for hin _ pleasure and tis pain. Man, say they, conscious of hi "ofthe need which he has forthe asstance of others, _ abserves that they adopt his own pasion, because he i then asured of “thetasstance; and grieves whenever he observe the contrary, beeuse he6 Of Propriety (isa ‘withthe flict; and the pleaace which we Sind inthe converstin of one ‘whom in llthepatsionsof his heart we ean eniely sympathize wit, seme todo mare than compensate the psinfulnes ofthat sorrow with which the ‘view of his station affects us. On the contrary, itis always disagreeable to Feel that we cannot sympathize with him, and instead of being plesed with this exemption from sympathetic pin, it hurts us to find that we ‘annot share is uneasines, If we hear «person oud lamenting his mi fortunes, “which however, upan Bringing the ease ome to ourselves, we feel ean produce no rich violent effect upon us, we are shocked a his, ive and, boorute we cannot enter into it cll tpusillnimity and weake fea, Iegivs us the spleen, onthe other hand, to see another to happy or {oo mich elevated, au we cll, with any Tile piece of good fortune. We tate daobliged even with his oy: and, because we cannot go slong with i, ‘al i levity and fly. We ae even et ou of humour if ur companion Inughs louder or lnger ata joke than we think it deserves; thts than we {eel tat we ourselves could laugh a it OF Pri ” eon what he indignation of my fiend can correspond tof ay get __ezezeds what is most tender compassion can go along wth if my ad | ion iter to high too low toll with sown; Tigh oud and “festly iene only sles, or, on the eontry, oly sme when he | fag tud and early nll these cue a son a he comes rom _ onsen the objet, to observe how Tam acted by i scccding there is more o¢ les ipropertn betteen bis sentiments and mint [put incur greater or les degre of his daappobation: and pom all _Grsina his own semiments te the standards and revues by which he “jaar of mine “Te apron of another man's opinions isto apt hose opinion, ad to them it approve of them If the une pune Whe connec convince me ews, cena approve of your conviction, an if ‘hey do nt, I necessanilydsspprove oft nether cus! poly eonccve tha I ahould do the one witht the othr. 'Fo approve or disapprove, | therfore, ofthe opinions of others i acknowledge, by every boy, to “piano mae than to observe his agreement or dnagremet without Gn. But this equally the case with regard to our approbation ot i= con ofthe sentiment or pasion of the ere are inded, sme cae in which we soem to appv witout any “gaat ot corespondnce of sentiment, sodin whch, consequent, “the besten of approbation would seem to be difeent from the _respon of this comeidence Ate atetin, however, il convine tat even in these cases ou approbation is limatly founded upon 9 “spay or coespondence of ts Kind I hal ive an stance nage favey volo nature, Bena fa hem the jgmente of mankind ae apt be perverted by wrong stems. We mayen appcove of sje, “tn think the Iughter ofthe company quite jut and prone, though we Guries donot laugh, beens, pep, we ae in gave buon, oF “happen to have our atencon engaged with ober bjs We have eared, Inwevs, fom experience, mit sr of plesiy i upon rot occont Ciao ring us lug and we bare that ths 0 of hat kind | Weapprov, therefore, ofthe luge ofthe company, and el that, “pura and suitable tots objets eae, though oor present mood we ‘ely enter into i we ae senile that upon ttt ccatons we dry Berlin ne 4 The sae thin ten happen with regard to al the other passions. A “fangs pes by sin the Suet wih all he mark of the deepest ice and we are immeiatly old tat he bass recived the nes othe his far Tt isimpome that, nhs ea we shouldnt approve is gre. Yet it may often happen, without any deer of humanly on Pati, no fa fom exerig into the viene e hi sero, we Mace const ce fst movement af concen vpon hit acm. mene hick ae he 4 ce man i ta ery imei oe ai Wins the oa paons ofthe pron principally concerned ae ie erfeconcord width mpatbeti sot of eset hey Mee Ty appt hs nj and prope and stube iret ny oe te tray, ben open raga ieee eto Nimo e de ey dno ede wih ni be fxn hey necomy apes Nm unjstanl improper and uu othe cts sich exe hem “Toapproeof thc pastors of soe therfore uta tte abe iStatlame hing te obrve ht we ety ympthiewith head tote appro them av such th sae thing oto bere tat ed oteney symp ih then Te nan wo resent thesis that ice oooh ew hp he Recanly approves a my cnet The man whe sympathy ee net ry Bre cao ht aim the senonablenes of my sro He ‘to admit these ps ote same pictire a adie thom eae dor muse surely alow the ates fy admartin He woe ‘ese uta ng slong ith me ane wel Sony the props ring mupher On te omen, the penon win, Upon thee diferent Selon ie few such nano hat wih feo fs ame {ac bear any properton fo ne, cnoot sod approving my Sen Mo account hi iene wih sown fy anime BeLiga) Of Propriety 9 ‘our own, we necessarily approve of them as proportioned and suitable to ‘ther objects; if otherwise, we necessarily disapprove of them, as extavi- nt and out af proportion TBrery faculty inane man isthe measure by whic he judges ofthe ike "fact in arother. T judge of your sight by my sight, of your eae by my “fof Your reason by ny reson, of your rerentment by my eesetinent, jour love by my love. neither have, aor ean have, anyother way of ding abou the. 8 Of Propriety Biss Both be and his athe, perhaps, ate etry unknown tou or we happen eee cplyed but ie igen and See tines pe ae Sur imugation the diferent cnet of tess which mot oot fo him. We have learned, however, fom experene, that such a miss Fortune matraly exces such depres of sory andne know tat if ne took inet conde aston fll an in ali part we should, wit ut doit, st sincerely sympa wth Kim Its upom the conscou fre of this condonal sympathy, that our approbation of his sorrow Founded, even in those cuit which that sympathy doesnot actly take plc andthe gener sles derived from our preceding experen wat our sentiment would commonly corespond with erect upon this a upon many other acesons, the impropety of out presen emo. 5 Te seatimento fection ofthe eae from which any action proceed and upon nich is wok vive o ee must ulate depend may Be Considered une two dferet ope orn two dierent resins; Se {nelaon tothe ene which exces othe mative which gives oczason tot; and sccm in retion tthe end which propose, oF the et ‘which tangs to produce 3 6 “Inthe stants or unsutblenes, inthe proportion or deproportion wah the acon scm to bea tothe case ov ohect which exces anit the propisy or impropriety, he deceney or ungoeloes of he 7 “Yuh benfical or burl ature ofthe eects which the afeton ams ator tend to profes, conte the met of emer f the acon he Sais by wh it seed to reward, oe deerving of psishent 8 “Pilnphers have, of Ite yearn, conic ehiely the tendency of feign and hate ven ita stestion tothe eatin which they sand ino the couse wbich excites them. In common ie, however when We judge of any penons conduc and of the sentiments which cteted AreConstanty copsdr them tnder both thee spe, When we Dane Jnanother man the exces of lve, of gif eentnent, We not Scosiler the rips effects which hey fond to prodce, but te He Semon which was given for them. The meri of hi favour, we 5, ‘Toran grea is mefortune is nots dena, his provocation nat fctornny, te jsify no violent a pasion, We sould tae ind ‘tesa puapy have approved of thewinenceo his emotion, haa the ex ‘beni sy eapect proportioned to 4 "When ne jagein hin anner of any affection, a prportionelo proportioned tthe cote which exes iti seareeponble that Joule ue of ay ther ole canon But the earespondene fet in orci. If upon bring the ese Hom to our own breast, we Bl that he eines whch ives oeanon Yo, eainede and lly A These bet continued _We may judge of the propriety or impropriety ofthe sentiment of anther rion by thee correspondence or dsareement with our own, upon eo ‘ferent oocations; ether, fst, when the objects which excite them are "onside without any peer relation, either to urselves or 10 the ron whowe sentiments we jade of; or, secondly, when they ate eons dered as peculiarly sfeting one or othe of ws, “4. With garda tho object which ae cmd without any pea Ie raion ite to over rt te preon row sentiments Wedge _ th werver hn venient eneyeoespond ith our own we ace hte quan of tea gan dgmene Te bent of an the “pesos f+ mountain the armament hl, he epee cur, the competion f+ acne, the conde 9 third pesos opens of diferent ane’ and umber the varia enc wich he rest nnchieol the unveseperpeuly exo, the sce whee and springs ch rode then al the pn jets of scence and tt re whet we a “pion” rep os no pola ceton to citer of We ath Poin of cw, and we have scan for spay, for that ary change o stato fo which ares, mere to prods repr tothe, he mom fret harmony ef ences a ae Te sotwithanding we often diferent afte tare cet leet des satin, whch orien ab oe “lo st give ely tothe several prt of thine compen ogee, or yh ere: degen ofr notes te fol tendo be a ar, seinen fr comparion cise wth or own in thi thang, wich re obvi and aya nw phar We never ary smemions Thema frm prin by ther asin ome and “ria your compan th ssa 22» Of Propriety Ugg found a single penton who difered from us, hough we, no dou, must tppove of te yo he aera to deserve nope or smite om ac: ‘Eun the Bul when they no ony cine wih our on, Butea nd ‘detour own; when in forming them he appears to have atended to | tray things wich we hed overokd, nt ave sed thm 9 a the veus erate oftheir abjeca; we nt ony approve ofthe, ‘toner andar supried ashe onconmon and wept act a and comprehen SF enicaton en spine” For sprbaton honed by wer ta ‘sprue emus the sentiment wich propery ealed adnan, Ind of which appnose the mal exrenson The desi of the man ‘ho judges tn exquate benty i prcteabe to he poner deform, Drihr ice wea equal fur mae cera Be aproed of by al thevwerd bu gn surly, be mich adie. Witheaeuteand delat ‘Sacra ofthe man of ue who dingises he inate and swe | ‘ecepuble ilercner of benity and deformity ithe comprehensive TEs ef the eperenndrntcnaticn, ho anal wih eee test inte and perplesed propornss ke peat ede in sence ed ate the mr bo des and conduct ov own seinen, th ret and sper jew of weal stn eth onder a Sipser whe excet or adatom snd seme fo dverve orale: Sand upon this foundation grounded the gree par the pa Which iSbesowed upon what ae le the cet ites. ‘The wtly of toon quale, ay be though? what st eon smend theo anno db, the consideration of his when we come {einen to ty ues them anew value. Orginal, howeer, we ap yere {cnother mats gine, not ss yomeing ae buts ah Seams ngecable wo uh and rely and is evdent we atte ‘aie to foro rewon but ese wef hat apes With ‘Rowe. Tas, nthe sine manner, erga approve of, not wwe fal bu sjons alae ands pre sited oes object: Thee the way of a qualibes 0 this ins play an afehougt, and ‘thei econere them to ov pprbaton. 149) Of Propriety a Jook vpon the misfortune that has befallen me, othe injury that has Been done me, from the same point of view in which Teonsider them, ‘They eer me much mote nearly. We donot view them from the same sation, "gs ve doa picture, ora poem, or a system of pilosophy, aod ae, there: Tore apt tbe very diferent afected by thers, But Ian rach more _eally overlook the want of this correspondence of sentiments with te | ford to ach iniflernt objets a concern neither me nor my companion, | than with regard to what interests me oo much asthe misfortune that has | Fuller mn, or te injury that has Been done me Though you despise that fr oF that poem, oF even that syotem af philosophy, Which T admit, _Girvemonably be mech iter abs hn They oh le hem fo [eimstesof reat indifrenee toe oth sa that, though bur opinions ye oppo, ou affection ny el every wey te sae Batt le odes with rp ots bjs By whi eer ou or 1 we Frteney stoned. Though your Judgments i mates of epecuaton, “ough your sentiment io matters of ate are quite oppo oie, “en cnly ovat this opposition; ad fT have any dere of temp [Tesi fd some enrsnment i your conversion eve spon ees bjeds But you have either o flow feng forthe misoranee ‘Rc with or ne that bears any proprton the gi which ee “tun mes ov you have eterno ington wt the ij { have Sa for tone tat bets any popaton to the resentment hi rane the we can no longer conver upon thee subject We become erable oon anher. I can nether support your company, or Jou ne You me confound st my viene arpa, ad at enraged or end isetbty and wast of fing Tall such cnt here may be some frreepandnce of sentiments een the ypc ad the pessoa principally concerned the pesto ato als endeavour, mich 8 heat put ined tn he sae fa ofthe other, and to ng homeo msl every ide creumstanes of fares wich can possibly ogc fo the aufre He must adopt he whole this companion with lis minute inseam eet ener ts pol, that imaginary change of station upon which i ce ‘Pounded, EY ne " |e lt, however, the emotions ofthe spectator wl sil be vr 91 fal short of the viene of what fet by te meer. Masking atwally symptheds, sever ince, for what ha befalen ts that degen of pussion which aur arate the eon prin Fay concerned That imaginary change of tation, upon which thei mth sounded, but momentary. The thought af how sey, bought tat teythonulves ae ot realy te suferera, contol sl upon thems and though des ne bin then fom one Wa eq othe tn whan epsr mae ee ee ncn jo ao er er ee ahs al ed ro ta Ny pt et et na oS arora ecto era “seared Sn cs see Say ia wens ‘2 Of Propriety igs ‘xving a pasion somewhat analogous to what is fle by the sufferer, hinders them fom eoneeiing anything that approaches tothe same degree ‘of violence. The person principally concerne is sensible of thi, and a the same time pasionately desires a more complete sympathy He longs for that rif which nothing com afford him but the entire concord of the affections of the spectators with his own, To see the emotions of the hearts, in every rept, beat time to his own, inthe violent and disagree. able passions contittes hie sole consolation, Bt he can only hope ty ‘obtain this by lowering hie pasion to that pte, in which the spectator fare capable of going alang with him. He most ften, iT may bellowed {o sy, the sharpness a is aatral one, in order to educe ito harmony, nd eoncord withthe emotions of thre who are about hie. What the fed, Will indeed, lays be, in some respects, diferent from what he fel, land compasion ean never be exact the te with original sorrow; be ‘ause the secret consciousness that the change of situations, rom whieh the sympathetic sentiment arses, is but imaginary, ot only lower itn degre, but, im some measur, varies iia ind, and gives ita quite d ferent modification. ‘These two sentiments, however, may, iis evident, have auch a correspondence with one another, as sitet forthe hare mony of sciety. Though they will ever be unions, they may be eons cord, and thin ell that wanted or tequiee 7 Tn order to produce this concord ak nature teaches the spectator 19 ssaune the circumstances of the perton principally concerned, so he teaches this Int in sone measure to astume those of the specttar, ‘they are continally lacing themselees in his situation, and thence con ‘civing emotions simular to what he fel; 2a he is as constantly pac Hise thee, ad thence conceiving sme degree ofthat coolness bout fis own fortune, with which a se senible that they wil sew ie As the arecontantly considering what they thmalves would fel i they acta ‘were the suerer, 20 he as constantly led to imagine in what manne ‘would be affected if he was only one ofthe spectators of his own station. ‘As their sympathy makes them Took at, i some measure, with his thi syrpathy makes him fok si, in some measure, with tele tly when in their presence and acting under thee observation: anda: Fefected passion, which he thus eonccives, is much weaker than ‘orginal oe, it neces bates the violence of what he fle before ‘ie ito their presence, Before he Begon to recall n what manner the] ‘would be affected by i and to view his station inthis candid and pata ight, ’ "The mind, therefore is rrely so disturbed, but thatthe company of ‘eed will restore io some degre of tranquillity and sedatenes. Th ‘eatin some ease, ened and composed the moment we ome bis presence. Wear immedintely put in mind of the igh in which he wl Fen or Prpity a Bx sin, nde ings ian ome cand ht en te estes get romano, Nepean LE Vente Baste cevmres wit cnet, Beene een meee ieon ee sees cane ri sch eg ra ee sen nb acegen ee cn See, or co Secipemertemementond yeep gamer Nese wml shift fem lear ror herp spe eal enn nti irra mes eee pecs eerie seep omy ay hs ely cela pee ogee ge rae aren el cee Mente stig ho acne han ret rae eg moe ne rey caer een ae OF th aia ad pce ier these to diferent efforts, upon that of che spectator to ent into ‘he seaten of the person principally concerned, nd upon that of the Pngpally concerned, to bring down his emotions to what the tor can go alongwith, are founded two diferent set af virtues The the gente the amiable virtues, the virtues of candi condescension “indulgent humanity, are Founded upon the one: the great, the awful respectable, the virtues of self-denial, of sll-government, of that command ofthe passions which sobject al the movements of our nature what our own dignity and honour, andthe propriety of our own cone4 Of Propriety (isa How amiable dos he appetto be, whose sympathetic heart seems to e- ‘cho al the sentiments of thore with whom he converses, who grieve for ‘heir calamities, who resents thei injuries, and who rejoices at their good fortune! When webring home to ourselves the situation of his companion, ive enter into thee gratitude, and feel what consolation they must derive ftom the tender sympathy of so affectionate a fiend, And for a contrary reason, how disagreeable doce he appear to be, whose hard and obdurate heart fel fr hirself only, but Ihuw rivet every moral with whom be converses, to those apecilly ik hom nearer apto smpthze te onfrenate ad te ned “On theater hands what noble propity and pace do we fel cont of tate ae, in theo et, eve tht reclction ands Srmmand which conte the dignity af every passion, and which bing Sdown to wha oles ca ener “io We ae Gngted wih th ‘amorous gre, which, without any dlcacy, ells upon our compassion ‘vith sighs and tears and insportunae lamentations. But we reverence that Teserved, that silent and majestic sorrow, which discovers itself only in {he aweling of the eye, in the quivering ofthe lips and check, and inthe {istant, but afectng, coldness of the whole behaviour. Tt impose the like ‘lens upon wx We regard wih repeal atenon, ad watch wih Shou fot over cur whole Hebaviur kat by any impropriety we ould distr that concered teaequility, which i requires so great an ‘fort to support "The inelence and brutality of anger, in the same manne? when we indulge fory thou check oss yal je the a SEEMc ur we amie tha sble and genera roenent hi sett hc rent fhe are ut byte ington wich he sees ea thm uote prt petator whieh love no Tnpstare to weap it beyond wh tha oeeqaable sentiment Take ehh nee even In though, steer any eter Ste eset init ay geste prises, than ha every fs wold rico ee ceed ety way =2)67 The latin mark of esi pr con apes pain, cited ne 06a rare rw 9 ak together iene othe happiness snisery of others! We enter, inthis eae too ito the pin which his presence the pursuit ofthe greatest injuries, aot bythe eage which they ae 7 Proiey a “And ence ti tht to fee rch for ote and litle for ourselves that torerain or slsh and to indulge our Denevelent affections consis “the pefetion of human nature; and can alone produce atong aakind {hu hamony of sentiments and pasions in wich consist thelr whole pity, A eo ibn refer whe “est of Christianity, onthe great precept of rare to lve ou ‘fies only a we love ou neighbour or whet cme the sme thing, evr nighbour i epableof loving us Bhs taste and good judgment, when they ave considered a uaa T ohh deneve prise and admiration re supp to imply a delicacy of {tines and sctenas of understanding not commerty to be fet “ati te virtue of sembly and sell-comimand se ot apprehended ]Gecomsisn the ordinary, but in the uncon degree of thse quate MMe emis viwe of humanity require, surly, snail, much bee what pomemed by the re vulgar of acid, TR gest ane ed vie of magoannityumdoubedly demands tush sre than agree ofselEcommand, which the widest of mortal is capable of cing. Aa inthe common degree othe nelle, theres 9 ers in the coon degre ofthe mor, theres no vite, Vrtels ene, something uncommonly reat and hentia, which eee ft eve wht vl andl ordinary. The amiable vrs com in tat Je ef cst whch surprise by fis exgute snd neapectl ay eee, Th awful and respectable Inthe dee of sl oman hich atonises by fs aousing speroky over the mont ngovernable fetes of human rate “Therein the reapet considerable difercoce between virtue and Propriety: between thse qualities and sesons which deserve to be ied and celebrate and tho whch spy dese to be approved Upon many occasions to act ith the mnt pc prope, requires snore than th common and ocinry Jqre of sna or ae which the most woth of making se pone thd se es ten ht dee is ot nerssary. Ths, ove ery Low ieee, eat when we are ngry, neta, up otnay eco pf td proper, and cannot mar being approved of ach Ey every ly Nothin, however, could be more sbutd thn oy tna ious (On the cotary, here ay frequently bea coniderbl degre of vc se scons which fll thor ofthe mot perfect propery beens ay atl approach meter fo pefecon than could well be expected caons in wich was oextreraly fit to atan and this ry often the case upon thoneocraone which require the greatest of se-command. There re sme situations ich ea so hard ua ator, tha the greatest depos of sl goversmen, which on 1o no imperfecta cesture a an, notable to sil atopic,26 Of Propriety isa Of Propriety ” epithet eel mpi eho a te pe erin oie dead ER etn ea ee peer ete ae of ee Pes Po ane yl ee So tn a a at een ter oe ere roan Cant Sn el rcataie ope ne | Sec ec epeenton et in eet 9 ETS east ee eee te aera ey uate sa ca ee | A a i Lee ae ne a cn ih ee ce aie aa oi | Perpbetpekeer etree Sate deed petty ere mam taee vine | a i er oe ed Soe ee atria ial bee 10 Sa anne that we judge of th roducins fl the ar deren ef ana eh iaen teen be ee ae ee ea ee inane ear ee it en regia Sepsbseaan reget ee Fe ee alee Regi cee fate eee oat ey ts Te ce het eer ce ny a cited Schroer aa ec Santamaria Sr ne re oe el ple eeiaereonctay SECTION 11 feb Daye fhe ies Pains wih ost with Petits 1 propriety of every passion excited y objects peculiarly related to acves the pitch which the spectator can go along with, mst l,i “Grider, in 2 certain medioety Ifthe pasion too high, ori it sto fw, he cannot enter into i Grief and resentnen for petvate misfortunes “and juries may eal, for exarmple, be too high, andin the greater prt “Gf mankind they are a0. ‘They may lkewies though ths tore taely apne, be too low. We denominate che exces, weakness and fay: and al the defect stupidity, insensbity, and wan of apr. We can eater nfo nether of ther, but ae astonished and confounded to see them. 44 Thi mescrty, however, in which the point of people const, is | fet in dere: pasos, i high asm, and oi oes Thre ome ptsons which itis indecent to expres very strongly, even upon ‘cession, in which it is acknowledged tat we ean avoid feeling in the highest degree And there are others of which the strongest | eipresions ae upon many occasions extremely graceful, even though “$e pusions themselves donot, pechups arise wo nocesaiy. The fit ate _ thos passions with which, for certain reasons, thete litle or no syne hy: the second are thoce with which for ather reson, thee f the ‘And if we consider ll the differen passions of human natute, we fod that they ae regarded ae decent, ot indecent, jest in propdan ind are more ot fess disposed to sympathize with that, a Of the Patio eich ah tr vgn rm the by “rs indecent to express any atong degree of those passions which from a certain situation or disposition of the body; because the con the same disposition, eanaot be expected to sypathie hem. Violent hunger, fr example, though upon many ocasons not tral, but unavoidable, i always indecent and to eat voraclously tives eparded asa picce of i manners. Thee is, however, some gre of ympathy, even with hunger. Is agreeable te ou conpaions Bt wth good appetite, and all expressions of lowthing are offensive The disposition of ody whichis habitual tox man in health, snakes his ich exily keep time, i T may be allowed s0 crare an expression,8 Of Propriety Gitta | firs) Of Propriety 9 2: Te io for the same reason tht to cry outwith ody pi, how ine {olecable soever, appears always unmanly and unbecoming, Thee i, how | ever, a good deal of sympathy even with bodily pain, Tf, a has akendy | been observed," I see a stoke aimed, and just ready to fll upon the leg, | bear, of another person, T naturally shrink and drow back ny ove lege Gr my own arm: and when it doe fall, I fel tin some meatute, and ah _ futt by ie as well asthe ssferer. My hurt, however, is no double, oxces- __ yey sight, and, upon that account, if he makes any violent outcry, 29 © cannot go slong with him, I never fail to despise him. And tis isthe ese all he passions which ake their origin fom the body: they exlte either _ nosympaty at allo sucha degre of as altogether dispoportoned to “the violence of whats fel by the sure. | Teis quite otherwise with those passions which take thee origi from the imagination. The frame af sy body canbe but litle afected by the leations which are brought about upon that of my companion: but my Inngiation is more ductile, and rare readily ssourne if Tiny sty, ith the one, and not withthe ater. We can sympathize with she distress, Ivhich excessive hunger aceasons when we reed the description of iti the journal of wale, or of area voyage. We imagine ourelves in the station ‘of the sullerers, snd thence realy conecive the grief the fear and con ‘tecnatio, which muse necessarily distract them, We fel, ourselves, some Alegre of thove passions, and therefore syrpathie with thern: but a8 we donot grow hungry by Feng the description, we cannot propel, even in this eae, be uid to ayrpathize with thelr hunge. a Ieisthesame case withthe pasion by which Nature utes the two see, ‘Though naturally the most frious ofall the pasins, all strong expese sions of it are upon every occasion indecent, even between persons in fvhom its most compete iadulgenc is acknowledged. by all laws, both, hn and ve, Be eft noe. Thee ee Bowes be ome degree of sympathy even with this pasion. ‘To talk toa woman a5 ‘we woul toa man ie improper: itis expected tht their company should Fnepire us with more gaily, nore peasantry, and rare attention; and an inte iscsi tote fir es ender 4 man conempebie in some 1 Mashpe aod contrat ofthe mogatins of thong wih no ae, ima en tte vr enehaoigtg _[__lie spatonen veer abil apn th cco “Sch is or aversion forall the apettn which tke their origin fom ME forth more aytpathy than the pester Dolly cv Tees sone sae 5 se tbouy all strong expresions af them are lothaome and diagreeble. | logether from the imagination, The persea who hee ket he whole ‘According to some ancient philosopher, these are the passions which We Share in common with the beues, and which having no connexion with the Characteristic! quaiie of usran natere, are upon that acount beneath hore are many stherpansions which we share in common ‘withthe brates, such as resentment, aatural affection, even gratitode, whieh ‘donot, upon that account, appear tobe so brutal, The true cause of pect disgust which we conceive forthe appetites of the body when fee them in other men, i hat we cannot enter into them. To the peso Timself who fee the, as soon a Chey ae ratified, the object that ‘ted them cates to be agreable: even its presence often becomes offen five to him; he look sound to no purpoe for the charm which trnspoted hi the moment before, and he can now as itl enter ito his own p ‘Son as another person. When wre ave dined, we order the covers 10 Temoved; and we should teat inthe sae manner the objects of the m dent and passionate desis, if they were the objects of no other ps but those wich take their origin fom the body. 4 Inthe command of those appetites ofthe Body consist that virtue wh is properly called temperance. To restrain them within thove tabich regnrd fo health and fortune preserbes, ithe part of prudence to confine them within thor limits, which grace, which propriety, ‘elccy, and modesty, regi, the oie of temperance x fic ntath Ecbrting niet Wathen fon “gion only, which repeents to him the roe ig, irom his end, contempt fom bs enemy, dependance, a, sey coming fa wpon him; sod we aynpthie wth hm moe upon ths account, Becue our imaginations can more realy sl temueves upon his imagination, than out Boies can mould them spon is body b Theor of eg may gener be roped va morality tan eso unten, woul bea hsous tragedy, however of which chaste wat tur spn ln of hat dh miertane of he “hin on rer ay spa fh es Soon aay ane cae. “The moment ite gone the mle the thought of ean no longer give any srt of ce, We ours cannot ten ene into te ety end ngs “We had before coneted. An ungusrded ord fom a frien wl 1 ore drble ones “The agony which hs create ok peer with the wor Whi att dare wa the objet these, bt the ier of the opinion A tba ether, seen out unssins til me and ote sient ave in sore fed fm or mmo te inaginton conics fet ele wif the ope= pri z | mands our highest admiration. Hin mess enables him to keep ine with © our indifrece and inseniity. We admire and entirely go log with | the magnanimous effort which he makes for this purpose. We approve of js behaviour, and from ou experience ofthe common weakness of human, fmt, we are suprised and Worder how he shouldbe able o at eo 32 fh deverve approbation. Approbation, mixed and animated by wonder | and surprise, constitutes the sentiment whichis propery called admirse fen, of which, applause is the natural expression, as hae already been -—ohserved* Of Propriety 9 Pain neve cloth any vey Hl ppt vl tacoma with danger We spate wath the fear, hous with the ge of The ster Peay however, puso dered oper fem the Macnton, whic represen, whan encestty and Auction tht inate sr amt not were el, twat We may eet Iasi sue Tet othe ote though exgiely pil ex revert apathy; mone dangeocs dine huh copa Sth eye pt exc he igh. xe." Sue fepl fn nd grows the sight of circ operation, an ta oly pun ith cessed by tearing the sh em Hints cnate de most enoeive sympathy, Weeonese na much moe ify ind‘ doanet manne the pla whch proces from an exert (ho tame doth be om md Drea ft ae of the apne of ny bor when he tated th feu vie stra; bur Thane the ewes sncepton af at he mast $e rom an inci wound, orate, The che! cue weve, sty nu ccs peace such vent ects pon wn thi ove Gavhar ben wince done sections ads any amputations, sos Tete al operons! th id with gest inirence, nd fen Sk pokat ansbily, Though we hve rea o sen represented mare Thun Bec unured agi, wel ldo few nr an abatenet of Survey to he objects whch ty repre os sx Tasome ofthe Gres aged hen en ate exe compat sity the represen othe goss of Pay pin. Piette” is Ter Sop tom the exremty of he sung Hippls and Bere ee eiTiguodaced ae tpiing sds the severe ry, WeStRicmn ne there of eels war inepable of oppor Toate oacs however, at he at wich ners, bt ome her cern jee esr foe bt he ade a Pht Sc a iyo cnrig rae hat na TRLESSfat it erm ote ign, The apni of He Nerd Ripples at interesting nl rene we ete ht dest Sea eee tthe hone weet corer, me shoul i ie kpnecntte ofthe eflerings pote eielus, What st wate fh be dteneond mace! Yeni Tube Tice tems to ete companion by the repreeition a Gol pi, ay be send sarong the seat bresees fda foi he Grek hee Bs the eae 2 "The tte simpy hich we fel th Roly pin the found af propyl contncy apts in enting i The ma saa er ct Cerrslows went etpe im, ve itn, es way no unon which edo not nel ene it, Sian’ Maa Tn ie’ Hin "in Spec Te f tho Psi which take tir ari from « prt trm or hei ieee we Ae ee oe ee St oi teri B cien create enon thei Sa ma perce memset eho tre Ce eee ont: eh pl pee Ae rice ee oo fine EL itt rei wo ls eS Fr eonet _ pt eoamnt tgeertomteion eee ese eed i te Sere oe cone Se cis me ed or wey pg ht eek Beis ner, ioe rotet bem ea eee Belew eon tet bee a ene ihn a pis mot Bears ara etcetera cr ie peel eres pee eT ap ree ane iy i eb he he Shee ih ee ne Ber has arc ed ome Sa A ey se ene cr Ee ce etn eu bn Pagers ae bearish trite paces phe mem peers thes of te oes ot md copay oh ists, nt mye 9 and fern’ bass so tea oeOf Propriety 3 of perfect security, expressing their mutual fondness for one another, ‘would excite Inughter, and not aympathy, Tf scene of this kind is ever 2 of Prpiety thiias of; bese i sth only ye in wich we ree dno atk or We pow weny ofthe ge plane, sodlngseneneed lve ote ey ot rs hare doe wth Scaggonng he MMM ic inn « guy, tn alsry ome ae improper, od Violence of tei tachment; but the gait of Ovid and the lant of sebured, ao from any sympuity wih the potion thats expres in Homey ar alay ages GG tre concern dng od ies wth wich testers abo tough wee proper sympathy wih anatachnet of hind, hough we Sever appa en again tor concen SEs Thapar person, pea we cer ave nei er may be Sopa once, pst lth vm werner in thse {EE ip othappincs wich we prop! fom te grienn a wel iam fn exqute dts wie fed frm fu nppotnment Erctzs csrar ees pasion, bo asa tnon hat ge onaon othe fusion ch intrest at ope, fay and te of tery Kd Dh tane manne sna dro fase voyage, oath bugs Sout tc uy ute res wih tt anges oo. Though see Mit peery ce tote stant of teaver, we ely Eo TEA Baten of onan hppines chin dren fa cet how suri ote minds nt certain tuto rele Te alge mh lec ody tolng fo sey wee icp wo thr em in be onan of tha pun wh eS iran tol tbe ero tt ie af pastor canal se ieear sch the deg the tendr, and the usin ala merereme sue in Seerang che hat he poet dene SASRUDAE hnush aie of fod, Mbeya vee fe on ee an tr nd fom al he tubule pen wich eee Eon scene cf tha Md ere ot hen they A= Ci a oped tants what enjoyed The poms Ser pucln ich ncn th, and, prhapy,te foun of fre, Se in encoun a nano but ede Shee cme, hen dered wt med re ‘Hpps pio’ upon th assur un mod es than eset ey Boetecty. Wee or mater: cn dypott wh ae eat hopes and the ctr inl he se abd coe on ted dates of efor Tic th noe den ages ad oman hi ao sel ieestg, ent 20 tele of Gu SE ee aces ne Orphan” athe dtr ch TSE uur wh tld noc two lover, i ‘he laws of scety impose pon the fs, with “jr to ths wenn, enderit more peclarly detrei they andy “on that very acount, more deeply intresting We are charmed wh the "Igy hands, sits expremedin the French trgey of tat na ot seubsunding el te eatevganceand gull which tend Tha ver ene _ppnne sed gull may bem, ame eau, recommend Hts, Fare hexane hero dap se cy “fore ntl ad interesng Al the scondary pston, fT may be ae Ise ens fromthe ntuton on, bso ce Sy more fri and ikea; andi with che esonypenionw ol ‘that we can properly be said to sympathize. "| " ‘OF all the pains, Howerer, wich are so extravagant dspopor- “teed tothe val oftheir bj ove the only one tat spear Eres “othe weaken minds, to have any thing in that ter pac or are the Tn tel, fst ofa, hough it may be ricelos, not naturaiy Spon, and though is consequences a often fatal andrea Ste ce wld michevos, And then, hough thee ite propriety | faite pasion ite, there i good dea in some of hoe which Aways Uecrpany he Ther isin love € mong stare of hononiy genet, ioe nce moh ch are re a be explained meth, we ave te greet propensity to atin, even notwitanding ware cil that they arn sone the oe sex etary lene rn iy eed in the other, where it is apprehended to be least fatal, cil ICs for a teason ofthe same hind, that a catnin reserve is necessary n we talk of our own frends, our own studies, our own professions these are objects which we cannot expect should interest our eorne + Racing Pie Trancics Groh the Font nce nd of he Bl ret oc ia ne deh He Wer oe apr nd Pe SEUSS nope ie te tom a ce he phn by Tos Oe.ea Of Propriety Lis4] fPrprity 8 tahun testes mato Mn ed toying rw pce emit ne ach eg mcs At rt] loi ia ip rc ‘A philosopher is company to philosopher only; the member of a club, ‘ebaviour mean-spiriteness, and aze as ceally provoked by it as by the tiene pede Ere a crcien sec oy oral oe Be a ered error ha een en Beer rescr aor Tk et toe pepe ree ee pe eee te ale Seer Ee ee aug one fp ig oer amet hn pov ah Bese fe emeenctinis ets Boom oa seamen gaat ine teeters ree fn es el escent rr nn title bp a Petra atereeteereges ates crip e er enon ee Te arr meaneal ae srtest as ees sha ras e e Sgw ele en ay me ar east eon are ea eater gente tesa eenog meee ee tremete rch A sian deere eae ach fe either emtinecne Ani Sot pen tn gc 7 en a By on en agi fay rp roe hele conus iy a cr be Fam oi mn ae ange er te Se vm oe in erence len ot nee a re soccer, en fh en ee ee en ed ies os ; Of the ail Paro 1 Thenris another set of pasion, which, though derived from the imagina- tion, yet before ve eat enter ito them, or regard them a8 graceful ee becoming, must aways be brought down to pitch much lower than that to which undisciplined nature would zase them. These ace, hated and fesentment, vith all heir differene moifetions. With regad to all uch ie Wha out sympethy withthe person who fel them would ramp us to wh for ovr fllnfelng wh the oer would lead to ers thay are bot men we ave concerned for both, ad our feat ft ‘ine the one may sufer, damp our reertment for what the eter bat {ifsc Our eynptinsbercfoe with the man who ha received the pro: cation, nese fle shore of the pasion whch naturally anima Hin, oonly upon acennt of thone genca nas Which ender ll sy {hate pastes infer to the oneal one, Bet upon account of (ticho cae which specular foil our poste sympathy th Pirie pean, Belarereccoument, therefore, can Become grec a Spend mun be mere humbled and brought down below that A which ie would naturally fue, than almost any other passion, a Mankind atthe ome tne, have a very sang sense of he inure tha recone another, The vil i tego or romance, is 8 rch i ‘ijeet of ou indigeain, the hero tha fou sypahy an action ‘We ste ago as much ave esteem Othello; and delight ax uch i ‘Miasineata hone, ao we re ived at he dota of the ober. B Tough mankind have wo tong a fellow-feling withthe ris tat ‘onto tt brethren they do no ay ent ther the more thet Safeerppears to resent them. Up fost econ the rete arene Rs mdm; hs horas, provide does not appear hat ean or dat fn was the motive of his frbenance, the