Black Panthers Party Part 2

The legacy of the Black Panther Party is diverse. Today, we live in a society filled with neoliberal
economic globalization (in essence makes a reality which is similar to socialism for the rich while
capitalism for the poor), patriarchy, terrorism, and other 21st century realities. We also experience
problems with policing found in Tulsa, Charlotte, and in locations nationwide. Therefore, we look
back in order to make a better present and future for all. By during the 1970s, the Black Panthers
and America entered a new era of history. We see the rise of the Nixon administration. The Nixon
administration with J. Edgar Hoover continued policies (via COINTELPRO, etc.) of repressing the
Black Panthers, the anti-war movement, the civil rights movement, the womens rights movement,
the labor movement, the Native American movement, etc. The Black Panther Party was very clear in
its opposition to capitalism and desiring to create socialism for the human race. By 1970, the Black
Panthers experienced massive murder and repression by the federal government. 28 Black Panthers
were murdered. Hundreds of others were placed into jail. Brother Albert Woodfox was a Panther
who was recently released from prison. From May of 1967 to December 1969 alone, the Black
Panther Party was hit with 768 arrests and almost $5 million bail bonds. In 1969-1970, Black
Panthers traveled across the globe in order to get support for their cause.

Some traveled into Scandinavian nations like Sweden and Norway and these nations had social
democratic policies. In those nations, left wing activists organized a tour for Bobby Seale and Masai
Hewitt in 1969. At each destination along the tour, the Panthers talked about their goals and the
"Free Huey!" campaign. Seale and Hewitt made a stop in Germany as well, gaining support for the
"Free Huey!" campaign. From 1968 to 1971, the Black Panther Party focused heavily on a
revolutionary internationalism that respected the liberation struggles of nations against Western
imperialism like Algeria, Vietnam, etc. They focused on class analytical issues. Many leftist groups
allied with the Panthers in legal aid, organizing anti-police brutality rallies, promoting anti-war
events, and other events. Throughout the 1970s and the 1980s, many Black Panthers organized
ambulance services, health care programs, political programs, educational schools for the youth,
Free Breakfast for Children programs, assistance to prisoners, and other progressive efforts to help
the community.

Women leadership in the Black Panthers grew and the female BPP leaders believed in equality and
womanism (or that justice for black women must have justice in the Universe by confronting both
racism and sexism at the same time). It would be in August 1970 that Huey P. Newton would be
released from prison. Newton would continue to make great analysis of the political systems of the
world and speak great words. Also, he would make mistakes in his life. Many Panthers traveled into
North Vietnam, North Korea, and China to oppose American imperialism. Eldridge Cleaver (who
became a Republican reactionary and followed the Mormon religion) told Black GIS decades ago to
support liberation by not supporting the Vietnam War. Huey P. Newton sincerely wanted liberation
for black people. From 1971 to the end of the Black Panther Party FBI/COINTELPRO-advanced
tactics caused a rift between Huey P. Newton and Eldridge Cleaver. Bobby Seale ran an
unsuccessful mayoral campaign in Oakland as a Democrat in 1973. This was part of electoral
politics. By the 1980s, the Black Panther Party ended. The surviving Black Panthers do teach us
lessons today. We wont back down and we believe in our core convictions forever.

The lessons from the past include the truth that it is important to have a class analysis, it is that
cultural nationalism is not enough for us to form liberation, it is that opposing capitalism is
revolutionary, opposing sexism is a necessity in order for human liberation to exist, murder
including any unjust acts have no justification, and that help in the community is a necessity.
Another big legacy of the Black Panther Party is that opposing police brutality is a key way in which
human liberation can be a reality. The history of the Black Panther Party during the 1970s and the
1980s must be known as a way for us to promote better ways of carrying on during the 21st
century. Today, we believe in political independence, workers solidarity, gender equality, and the
repudiation of imperialism (regardless if a Republican or Democratic President executes imperialist,
neoliberal policies). Not to mention, we believe in pan-African unity. We are Black Brothers and
Black Sisters regardless if we live in Africa, the Americas, Europe, Asia, etc. We also are against
the agenda of the 1%, the Boule, and other elites who want cooption and infiltration instead of
liberation. We desire human justice concretely.
 This is the Sister Afeni Shakur, who was a great Black Panther Party member. Rest in Power
Sister.

It is always important to acknowledge the role of black women in the Black Panther Party too. As
Kathleen Neal Cleaver has written in 1988:

"...The way Black women have sustained our community is phenomenal. Historically, we did
not live within the isolation of a patriarchal world, we were thrust into that brutal equality
slavery imposed. Our foremothers knew we would have to face the world on our own, and they
tried to prepare us for that. What I think need to be examined and explained more fully are the
powerful contributions women have made to our resistance against slavery, to our resistance
against segregation, to our resistance against racism. Placing the participation of women in the
Black Panther Party within that context illuminates a long tradition of fighting women..."
(Women, Power, and Revolution by Kathleen Neal Cleaver (1998))
1971

The year of 1971 was the turning point in the Black Panther Party movement. During the year of
1970, the Black Panther Party was in its apex and afterwards in 1971, it was furthered suppressed
by the FBI (and other agents of the federal government) and internal disputes. Soon, it started to
decline nationally. In January 1971, the Black Panther Party created the Intercommunal Youth
Institute in January of 1971. This was created to demonstrating how black youth ought to be
educated. Ericka Huggins was the director of the school and Regina Davis was an administrator. The
school was unique in that it did not have grade levels but instead it had different skill levels so an
11-year-old could be in second-level English and fifth-level science. Elaine Brown taught reading and
writing to a group of 10- to 11-year-olds deemed "ineducable" by the system. The school children
were given free busing, breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Additionally, the students were given books
and school supplies. Children were taken to have medical checkups and many children were given
free clothes. In January 1971, Newton also expelled Geronimo Pratt, who since 1970 had been in jail
facing a pending murder charge that he said that hasnt committed.

Geronimo Pratt was a heroic Brother. He was recently released years ago and he passed away
recently. Newton also expelled 2 of the New York 21 and his own secretary, who fled the country.
February 1971 was the time when Huey P. Newton and Eldridge Cleaver split and they argued
during a live broadcast link up. Newton expelled Cleaver and the entire international section from
the party. Huey Newton wanted to have a further development of social programs while Eldridge
Cleaver wanted outright insurrection and political resistance against the oppressive capitalist state
ASAP. Newton wanted revolutionary existence to exist in a step by step process. Actually, Eldridge
was more against Hilliard (whom Cleaver believed was right wing, or a moderate instead of
revolutionary) than Newton.
In May of 1971, Bobby Seale is acquitted of ordering the Rackley murder, and he returned to
Oakland. From mid to late 1971, hundreds of Black Panther Party members quit nationwide. On
August 21, 1971, George Jackson (a Panther leader, author, and activist) was killed by guards at San
Quentin State Prison. 3 guards and 2 white inmates were also killed. This inspired the Attica
rebellion in New York State when prisoners defended revolutionary change against brutal
conditions. During September of 1971, Huey P. Newton visited and stayed in China for 10 days. At
every airport in China, Huey was greeted by thousands of people waving copies of the Little Red
Book and displaying signs that said "we support the Black Panther Party, down with US imperialism"
or "we support the American people but the Nixon imperialist regime must be overthrown."

During the trip, the Chinese arranged for him to meet and have dinner with a DPRK ambassador, a
Tanzania ambassador, and delegations from both North Vietnam and the Provisional. Huey was
under the impression he was going to meet Mao Zedong, but instead had two meetings with the
first Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai. One of these meetings also included Mao
Zedong's wife Jiang Qing. Huey described China as "a free and liberated territory with a socialist
government." On October 1, 1971, thousands of Chinese people were in Tiananmen Square and
they waved red flags. Ironically, many years later, many Chinese military forces will assault Chinese
protesters in Tiananmen Square when these protesters wanted democratic rights in China. They or
Chinese people back then praised the Panthers. There were revolutionary theater groups, acrobats,
and folks of the revolutionary ballet performed in the celebration. Huge red banners mentioned the
words of Peoples of the World, Unite to Destroy the American Aggressors and Their Lackeys. After
1971, the Black Panther Party would never be the same again.

International Support

The Black Panther Party and internationalism go hand and hand. The Black Panther Party didnt just
want freedom in America. They wanted all oppressed peoples internationally to have liberation. For
example, the Black Panther Party opposed the Vietnam War and desired the Vietnamese people to
have independence. The Black Panther Party desired Zimbabwe and South Africa to be free from
colonial rule as well. The BPP supported the revolutionary movements in Latin America. On
November 29, 1968, 1500 delegates from all over the Americas came into Montreal for the
Hemispheric Conference to End the War in Vietnam. Salvador Allende, who was the President of the
Chilean Senate and later was President of Chile including other people were there to oppose the
Vietnam War. Quebecois secessionists were in the meeting. M. Hoang Minah, or the North
Vietnamese minister of culture was there too. Many Black Panthers led by Bobby Seale and David
Hilliard came into Montreal too. They met at St. James Church in downtown Montreal. Bobby Seale
said that there can be no peace without justice.

Brother Zeke from Baltimore spoke to promote anti-imperialism. Members of this meeting
supported the National Liberation Front of Vietnam. The Black Panther Party's Ten Point Plan and
policy positions embrace much of Marxism since Marxism by nature is anti-imperialism and pro-
proletariat. Jamaican Connie Matthews organized the travel of the Black Panthers to travel into
Scandinavia (which is a region filled with social democratic and socialist policies). Bobby Seale and
Masai Hewitt came into Stockholm, Sweden, Oslo, Norway, Helsinki, Finland, and Copenhagen,
including Germany. They wanted to promote the anticolonial struggle against imperialism. They
promoted Free Huey rallies. Connie Matthews wanted proletariat revolution internationally.
Eldridge Cleaver traveled into Cuba and in Algiers, Algeria to promote the Free Huey campaign from
1968 to 1969. The Pan African Cultural Festival of 1969 was represented by the Black Panthers
including other pan-African organizations in Algiers, Algeria. Cleaver would link up with
representatives of the North Vietnamese too. The Black Panthers Party was a global movement
with chapters in multiple countries throughout the Earth.

The Great Split

The split in the Black Panther Party came about because of many reasons. It existed in 1971, yet
rumblings occurred before 1971. The split occurred, because of FBI-engineering of divisions. The FBI
is known for their evil actions for decades. Also, it came about because of ideological disagreements
that came about in the Black Panther Party. When Huey P. Newton was in prison and when Bobby
Seale had his trial, much of the Black Panthers policies were governed by David Hilliard and the
Central Committee. The Central Committee wanted to root out corruption, so they purged or fired
many members of the Black Panthers that they deemed corrupt or against the rules of the Party.
The problem was that many of the people who were kicked out like Geronimo Pratt were innocent
of any violation and the Central Committee became more authoritarian in its functions and
activities. Hilliard gained more power and many Panthers disagreed with him as viewing him as too
reformist and compromising. When Huey left prison, he allied with Hilliard. Cleaver and many
people from the NY Panther 21 viewed Hilliard as too reformist and accommodating (or right wing).

They opposed Hilliard from an ideological standpoint. Huey P. Newton wanted to not focus on
retaliatory violence against the police during the time, because he wanted to focus on survival
programs (like the Breakfast for Children program, health care services, ambulance services, etc.).
Eldridge Cleaver and members of the NY Panther 21 (some of whom praised the Weathermen
Underground) wanted violence against the police and promoted a more confrontational approach
to create liberation for black people. The group around Eldridge Cleaver and the New York Chapter
(branch) charged the Oakland, California leadership of Huey Newton with revisionism, while the
Newton group characterized the opposition as adventurists. Dhoruba bin Wahad was one person
from NY who opposed Hilliard for his revisionist ideologies in his mind. He wanted a radical solution
excluding token bourgeois politics.

Both sides of the Newton faction and the Cleaver faction would not unify as time went onward.
Newton accused Cleaver of using adventurism and causing many innocent Panthers to die like
Bobby Hutton by virtue of reckless policies. Cleaver, Donald Cox, and others expressed most his
criticism against Hilliard as claiming that he was the ringleader of causing the Panthers to create a
more compromising approach to things. The Cleavers formed a new organization called the
Revolutionary Peoples Communication Network. Kathleen returned to America to promote and
speak about the new organization. To accomplish this, she and the children moved back to New
York. To this day, Kathleen Cleaver has heroically promoted progressive causes. In the midst of
factional disputes, many innocent Black Panthers were killed mysteriously. So, some Panthers
wanted to focus on community programs while the other faction of Panthers wanted to use
guerrilla warfare against the state literally.

By 1972, the Black Panther changed and evolved to be involved in electoral, reformist politics, more
investments in community programs, it lost a lot of liberal support (because of the split and other
controversies in the BPP), and it decreased in its numerical power. We live in a class struggle and
the working class and the poor ought to have economic justice if we are all to be free for real. The
Black Panther Party changed forever by 1972.
Specific Problems and Mistakes

The Black Panthers existed during a time of revolutionary change in America. The Black Panthers
even was not perfect. To be fair, we must be honest. We must be honest to show the good works
and the excellent actions that the Black Panther Party did and the mistakes that they have made.
The following will include the mistakes of the Black Panther Party and the problems that they have
faced during their existence. The BPPs visionary Ten Point Program gave direction and a strategy
to confront racism, economic injustice, and oppression in general. The partys internationalist,
socialist policies inspired black people and many people of all colors who wanted to oppose war and
any injustice throughout the world. The Black Panther Party existed for almost 20 years and they
influenced social movements throughout the late 20th century and during the 21st century.
Therefore, here are the problems that the Black Panther Party to deal with and mistakes that the
Black Panthers made.

1). SEXISM: Many Black Panther members were outright sexists. Some believed in the lie that
revolutionary ethos was the sole intellectual property of a man. As Assata Shakur has accurately
states, a man cant be a revolutionary by embracing reactionary views on gender. Elaine Brown and
other women from the Black Panther Party exposed sexism in the party and written books about it.
Elaine Browns Taste of Power mentioned information about the evil of sexism in the Black
Panther Party in great detail. One Sister named Regina Davis managed the Panthers highly praised
school. Yet, many sick males assaulted Regina Davis and Regina ended up in the hospital. Her jaw
was broken, after she reprimanded a male colleague for not carrying out an assignment. Brown
writes that when she told Newton of her anger over the attack, he refused to break solidarity with
the men, challenging her to a debate in the Central Committee. As we know, black women were the
backbone of all of the Black Panthers administrative and organization work. They were leaders in
the Survival Programs. The Black Panther Party later called for gender equality, but abuse against
Panther women continued.

2). VIOLENCE: The FBI and the state in general promoted divisions among many Black Panther
members. Also, some Black Panther members unfortunately used unjust violence against fellow
Black Panther members.

3). EVIL FBI/GOVT. INFILTRATION AND REPRESSION: David Hilliard and Lewis Coles book This Side
of Glory fully exposed how the FBI and other agents of the U.S. government used illegal tactics in
literally trying to destroy the Black Panther Party. The FBI would organize tactics to slander BPP
members and to try to stop even legitimate programs from the Black Panther Party. The Chicago
police Department have members who were complicit in the murder of Fred Hampton and Mark
Clark in 1969. The FBI had agents promoting division in the Black Panther Party. Many agents
infiltrated the BPP. Many Panther members were unjustly arrested, harassed, lied about, and even
murdered. Thirty-eight Panthers were murdered under the FBIs COINTELPRO campaign. Hundreds
of others were rounded up and thrown in jail. In an interview given to the New York Times on
September 8, 1968, J. Edgar Hoover described the BPP as the real long-range threat to American
society.

Hoover's orders of March 25, 1968 were carried out in full. Cointelpro had been instructed to
prevent the coalition of militant black nationalist groupsprevent the rise of a messiah who could
unify, and electrify, the militant black nationalist movementThe negro youth and moderate[s]
must be made to understand that if they succumb to revolutionary teachings, they will be dead
revolutionaries. There is no question that the FBI have done terrorism when J. Edgar Hoover was
the head of it. Hoover was a disgraceful male and hypocrite who claimed to promote human
freedom, but used undercover tactics in violating the human and democratic rights including the
fact of how Hoover violated the privacy of progressive, anti-war activists, civil rights leaders, Black
Panthers, etc.

4). CLASS ANALYSIS PROBLEMS: The Black Panthers were right that capitalism is imperfect and that
ending imperialism is important. Yet, many BPP members believed that only the lumpen proletariat
alone (or the poorest of communities) would lead the revolutionary change necessary to cause
justice for all. Many of them didnt want the working class to have a great role in the change. The
Panthers followed a Maoist view of a revolutionary party in support of nationalist liberation
movements. The truth is that the lumpenproletariat and the working class should unite to fight for
social change. The reason is that the lumpenproletariat needs the power base of the organized
working class to end oppression. The Black Panthers did form caucuses and organizational networks
at the General Motors plant in Fremont, California and in a few other factories. Yet, many BPP
members didnt want a too big of an emphasis on the power of the working class. In words, black
human rights and working class rights go hand in hand.
 If there is no struggle there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom
and yet depreciate agitationwant crops without plowing up the ground, they
want rain without thunder and lightning. They want the ocean without the awful
roar of its many waters. . . . Power concedes nothing without a demand. It never
did and it never will.

Frederick Douglass

Unsung, Heroic Programs

During the 1960s and the 1970s, the Black Panther instituted many programs to help the masses
of the people. Their famous program was the Breakfast Program for children. Black Panther men
and women organized buildings to help children with reading, writing, and other fields. They also
gave children breakfast day by day. It was a very powerful and successful program. The
announcement for the Free Breakfast for Children Program started in September of 1968. They
called for volunteers to grow the program too. The breakfast program was officially started in
January of 1969 in St. Augustines Episcopal Church in west Oakland, California. Beckford-Smith,
LaVerne Williams, and other women helped to be involved in the program too. In its first week, 135
children were served daily at St. Augustines. By March of 1969, another Free Breakfast for Children
Program existed in the Fillmore area of San Francisco. It was in the Sacred Heart Church. It grew
quickly all over California. From August 1969 to August 1970, the Black Panther Party created an
extensive amount of programs geared to help out the community. They were liberation schools,
child development centers, the Sickle Celle anemia research Foundation, free housing cooperatives,
the Free Pest Control Program, the Seniors Escorts Program, the Free Ambulance Program, free
health care clinics, the Free Distribution Program, the Free Clothing program, and other services for
the community. Thousands of children were fed with the breakfast locations.
Former Detroit Panther JoNina Abron said that the breakfast services were supported in a
widespread way throughout the black community. These programs also educated children and
adults on real Black History. The breakfast program in
Brownsville, NYC fed children and other hungry people in
the community. Churches and supermarkets aided the
Black Panther Party in giving food to children and other
human beings. These responses from the Panther Party
came in response to the anemic resources from the War
on Poverty budgets to help the poorest of the poor
(especially when billions of dollars back then were sent to
the Vietnam War). Of the course, the police and the FBI
hated the Free Breakfast program as the claimed that
they were promoting indoctrination of children. Many She is Sister JoNina Abron-Ervin.
cops raided breakfast locations constantly. The police in For long decades, she has been a
Richmond, California used a disinformation plan by lying social justice activist, an author, and a
and saying that the Breakfast programs wanted to journalist. She was the last editor of
promote racism and riots. Safiya A. Bukhari advanced the the Black Panther newspaper. She
program in Harlem, NYC. The Black Panther Party used was a news correspondent at the 2001
free health care clinics since many poor communities UN World Conference Against
lacked adequate health care service. A book written by a Racism. She was once an associate
great black woman named Alondra Nelson entitled, Body professor of communication in the
and Soul: The Black Panther Party and the Fight against Western Michigan University. She has
Medical Discrimination document how many Black written many books too like the
Panthers helped black people in health care services and Driven by the Movement: Activists
of the Black Power Era. Sister
in health in general. These free health care clinics
JoNina Abron-Ervin is a heroic human
included physical examinations, personal care, testing for
being.
lead poisoning, high blood pressure testing, first aid
actions, and other services. These clinics existed in New
Haven, Kansas City, Seattle, etc. They did amazing work in sickle cell research. They also helped out
prisoners with their Free Busing to Prison Program. The mass incarceration rates grew from 1968 to
the present. The Party liberation school called the Intercommunal Youth Institute in Oakland lasted
from January 1971 to 1982. It was praised and it was involved in a great measure by Ericka Huggins.
Therefore, the Black Panther Party had wide ranging programs that were unsung among many
quarters. We want the working class and the poor to have justice.

At Frogmore, S.C. November 14, 1966, Dr. Martin Luther King echoed that goal
when he said:

You cant talk about solving the economic problem of the Negro without talking
about billions of dollars. You cant talk about ending the slums without first saying
profit must be taken out of slums . we are treading in difficult water, because it
really means that we are saying that something is wrong . with capitalism .
There must be a better distribution of wealth and maybe America must move
toward a democratic socialism.
The End of an Era

The end of the Black Panther Party started in 1972 and the BPP ended completely in 1982. Its
ending was tragic, sad, and filled with changes in American society. By 1972, Huey P. Newton called
for the end of chapters nationwide. He wanted all efforts to be focused in Oakland, California.
Newton rejected insurrectionary violence and focused on creating survival programs in Oakland in
order for revolutionary change to come in a step by step process. This begins an overt push on the
part of the Black Panther Party to be involved in reformist politics. Many people disagreed with this
action like the BLA (or the Black Liberation Army) who wanted more militancy in order for black
people to have justice. By mid-1972, many BPP members and its supporters win a number of minor
offices in the Oakland city elections. Elaine Brown increased her power in the Black Panther Party
during the time. She runs for city council while Bobby Seale runs for mayor of Oakland in the
Democratic Party. They both lose their respective elections. By 1974, many Black Panther Party
people left the party. Bobby and John Seale are expelled by Huey P. Newton in 1974. David and
June Hilliard were expelled. Chicago BPP members left too. A teenager named Kathleen Smith was
murdered. Debates continue on whether Huey P. Newton was involved in her murder or not. One
thing is true. That is that murder is wrong and we send condolences to the family of Kathleen Smith.
Kathleen Smith was 19 years old when she was murdered. Huey P. Newton fled to Cuba to escape
criminal prosecution. Elaine Brown stays and runs the Black Panther Party in his absence.
During this time, Elaine Brown did do many great things in helping the community of Oakland,
California. In December 1974: accountant Betty van Patter is murdered, after threatening to
disclose irregularities in the Party's finances. I send condolences to the family and friends of Betty
van Patter. When Huey P. Newton, returns from Cuba, he goes into a personal downward spiral of
drug addiction, violence, rumored mental health issues, and internal discord. Minister of Education
Ray "Masai" Hewitt created the Buddha Samurai, the party's underground security cadre in
Oakland. Newton expelled Hewitt from the party later in 1972, but the security cadre remained in
operation under the leadership of Flores Forbes. One of the cadre's main functions was to extort
and rob drug dealers and after-hours clubs. Newton was also indicted for pistol-whipping his tailor,
Preston Callins. Huey P. Newton showed his writing skills by having his Ph.D., being in interviews,
and writing eloquently. Yet, his imperfections persisted and his imperfections have no justification.

There is no justification for unjust assault or murder. The Party supported Lionel Wilson in his
successful election as the first black mayor of Oakland, in exchange for Wilson's assistance in having
criminal charges dropped against Party member Flores Forbes, leader of the Buddha Samurai cadre.

Elaine Brown focused the Party more in an electoral direction. She allowed more women leadership
in the BPP too. Elaine Browns leadership in the Party came from August 1974 to June 1977. During
that time, the Party had embraced many social democratic policies and developed policies. Elaine
Brown supported Jerry Brown for governor of California, which he won. Black Congressman Ron
Dellum and organized labor supported Elaine Brown. The first black mayor of Oakland was Lionel
Wilson. Elaine Brown and the Black Panther Party used their resources to help him to be elected. In
May of 1977. By this time, Watergate was over and the centrist President Jimmy Carter was elected.
Newtons drug addiction was bad and he embezzled funds from the school to pay for his drug
addiction. The Black Panther Party was about 27 in 1980 and its Panther sponsored school ended in
1982. The Black Panther Party in general ended in 1982.

FBI/government infiltration and attacks (John Potash has written books that goes into great detail
in accurately showing how the FBI used division, murder, and infiltration to attack the Black
Panthers and other revolutionary organizations), internal disputes, murder, and other crisis caused
the BPP to end. Huey P. Newton would continue to lecture and give interviews on television. Huey
P. Newton would be murdered in 1989. I send condolences to Newtons family and friends.

The lesson here is that there is nothing wrong with revolutionary fervor &
legitimate revolutionary change, but revolutionary action must always be
bounded in the realm of morality, integrity, and humane treatment. There is no
excuse for murder, rape, harassment, assault, embellishment, bigotry, sexism,
racism, xenophobia, and any injustice period. That is why it important for people
to have repentance, to be a better human being, and to help our neighbors.

I believe in social and economic justice. I also believe in morality too. I do respect the Black Panthers
who did the right thing and promoted excellence and helped others. We can be revolutionaries and
treat our neighbors as ourselves at the same time.
The 1990's

After the evil and unfortunate murder of Huey Newton in 1989, the 1990s came along. The 1990s
was an amazing decade. It was the decade of my childhood and my teenage years. Now, it is time to
accurately describe and analyze the Black American historical experience during the 1990's. Many
Black Panthers were in prison, some taught in universities, and other Black Panthers continuously
became community activists. On January 13, 1990, Douglas Wilder became the first inaugurated
African American governor in American history. He took office in Richmond, Virginia. Wilder was
elected a year earlier. Back during that time, the Democratic Party in its leadership moved into a
more rightward direction. Even Douglas Wilder, as Governor, embraced the death penalty,
supported anti-union right to work laws, opposed statehood for the District of Columbia, and
executed cuts on higher education (under the goal of balancing the budget). He would be
progressive on other issues (like on gun control). In May of 1990, Wilder ordered state agencies
and universities to divest themselves of any investments in South Africa because of its policy
of apartheid, making Virginia the first Southern state to take such action. That was great. Douglas
Wilder has a long history involved in politics and would later be Mayor of Richmond, Virginia (where
many of my relatives live at). When Douglas Wilder was Governor (from 1990-1994), it was a
historic time for me as a black Virginian. Douglas Wilder has a long career in service. And I wish the
best for him.
 By the early 1990s, there was a strong Afrocentric and
black consciousness movement in American society.
Many young black people back during the late 1980s and
early 1990s wore hats with Xs on them (to honor the
memory of Brother Malcolm X). Many people wore
clothing with African American labels on them and many
people understood about Africa and about many things
related to issues of the black community. Artists like
Arrested Development sang passionately about family,
community, and black solidarity. Their songs
"Mississippi", "Wendal", Everyday People, and
"Revolution" outlined their views. Throughout the 1990s,
we saw the twilight of the Second Reconstruction.

Gail Devers won gold medals and That meant that the liberal reforms of the 1960s were
many awards during the 1990s. Also, attacked and replaced with the incremental
she is a great humanitarian in real life conservativism of George H. W. Bush and the infamous
who has blessed an enumerable centrism of William Jefferson Clinton. We saw the growth
amount of human beings. She is a of the Internet, e-mail, and computer technology during
blessed, beautiful black woman who the 1990's too. I was a child and teenager back then. Anti-
loves her family too. Black Excellence black oppression continued. Bush Sr. was a little more
is found in athletics, education, moderate than Ronald Reagan on racial issues (he signed
politics, STEM fields, and other the 1991 Civil Rights Act and the Americans with
endeavors of human life. Disabilities Act), but he nevertheless promoted black
Bless Sister Gail Devers. neoconservatives and black conservatives in the Supreme
Court and in the White House. George H. W. Bush
promoted the controversial Clarence Thomas in the
Supreme Court (he would go to advance the gutting of the Voting Rights Act and the gutting of
Fourth Amendment in the 21st century). The strong black attorney Anita Hill said that Thomas
sexually harassed. To this day, Anita Hill has inspired black women, women in general, and black
people to achieve their dreams and aspirations (along with opposing any form of sexual
harassment). After the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the recession continued America. It happened
from 1990 to 1991. In April of 1992, the Los Angeles rebellion occurred after officers were acquitted
the first time after brutally beating Rodney King almost to death. The non-acquittal of the officers
who assaulted Rodney King led into the Los Angeles rebellion of 1992. That rebellion was an
expression of anger and outrage at the criminal injustice system, racism, economic deprivation, and
police brutality. It was a prelude to the future 21st Century rebellions of Ferguson in 2014, of
Baltimore in 2015, of Milwaukee in 2016, and of Charlotte in 2016.

In September 12, 1992, Mae Carol Jemison was the first African American woman to travel into
space where she went into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. To this very day, Sister Mae
Carol Jemison has promoted STEM fields especially among the black community and helped
communities throughout America. Bill Clinton ran for President in 1992 and he said that he gave a
moderate prescription to the economic problems in America (Clinton opposed Reaganomics, which
should be opposed. He desired tax cuts for the middle class and slight tax increases for the super
wealthy). Clinton disagreed with Sistah Soujah (who is a very courageous and intelligent black
woman) as a way for him to appeal to white conservatives. Also, on November 3, 1992, Carol
Moseley Braun became the first African American woman to be elected to the United States Senate.
In 1992, Spike Lees film Malcolm X was release which would galvanize the black community and
inspire black people the world over. It is important to understand that Malcolm X wanted political
activism against racism and all oppression. He saw the struggle for human liberation between the
oppressed and the oppressor. He, after his trip to Mecca, saw how capitalism exploited human
beings in bad ways and how we should unite internationally to make America accountable for its
overt crimes against black Americans. Malcolm X rejected pacifism and the bourgeois politics of the
Democrats that seek to maintain token change instead of real revolutionary change & political
independence. His advocacy of self-defense against white Neo-Nazi racists in the South was heroic.
He support of the human rights of black women was courageous and the right thing to do. Malcolm
X was right to say that black women are the most disrespected human beings on Earth and that we
must defend the human rights of black women period. History teaches us that the working class and
the poor can unite to make Black Liberation a reality.

William Jefferson Clinton (who was a former Governor of Arkansas) won the 1992 Presidential
election in November of 1992. The 1990s saw a confluence of many issues and events. There was
the expansion of the prison industrial complex, the debates about racial controversies, the growth
of the controversial NAFTA trade deal, and the burning of many black churches throughout America
(by racist entities). I remember watching the news about black churches being destroyed by white
racists during the late 1990s especially. Republicans and their allies attacked affirmative action
programs. In November of 1994, the conservative Republicans dominated Congress. Civil rights
hero and legend Myrlie Evers-Williams was the National Chairman of the NAACP in 1995. There was
the OJ Simpson trial which was watched heavily. It was covered a lot and the jury found OJ Simpson
not guilty in 1995 when I was in the 7th grade of middle school. It was a trial that divided Americans
racially.

At the center of the 1990s, the Million Man March would happen in Washington, D.C. It was
controversial during the time. It was initiated by Louis Farrakhan, Dr. Benjamin Chavis, James Bevel,
and others. Louis Farrakhan (who wanted the growth of black businesses and he held to many
conservative views on other issues) was the leader of the March and he to this day is viewed as
controversial by many. Also, hes loved by many. Louis Farrakhan during the 1990s and beyond
cultivated alliances with many hip hop artists. The march wanted black men to have atonement and
improve their communities in patriarchal terms (patriarchy and misogynoir are evils that must be
opposed 100%). It was a march that its supporters wanted to counteract the negative, evils
stereotypes about black men in general. The truth is that not all black men are murderers and
rapists. Many black men and many black women represent integrity and a love for Blackness. Also,
the march dealt with issues of voting, the black family, crime, social consciousness, and other
issues.

Many people loved the march while others viewed the march as sexist, too conservative, and
bigoted. Many socialists viewed the March as not tackling the capitalist system as the reason why
many black people suffer oppression and injustice in the first place. It is important to oppose racism
and not let the ruling class (or the 1%) off the hook. True changes come by challenging capitalist
society, which relates to embracing class consciousness & the love of Blackness. All of the
achievements that black people made was done by boycotts, self-defense, and other forms of
struggle in America. In essence, we demand change (in fighting unemployment, discrimination,
sexism, poverty, etc.) and we are really to fight for that change via legitimate means necessary.

The march happened and many marches would exist in the future including the Justice or Else
March in October 10, 2015 (which would include women, and people of color). The 1995 Million
Man would include 50 speakers like Jesse Jackson, John Conyers, Joe Lowery, Dorothy Height, and
numerous black nationalists. The Million Woman March would happen in Philadelphia by October
25, 1997. The speakers in the Million Woman March would include Sister Souljah, Winnie Mandela,
Dorothy Height, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Afeni Shakur. In 1996, Bill Clinton followed law and order
conservative policies. He passed the Crime Bill in 1994, which expanded the death penalty and
expanded the prison system. He expanded military strikes in the Balkans and in other places during
the 1990s as well. Eldridge Cleaver had one of the most radical ideological changes of any member
of the Black Panther movement. He came into America in 1975. He made a deal with the state that
nearly all charges against him were dropped. He came back to be part of the Moon movement and
he said that he was a born again Christian. He struggled with cocaine addiction for the remaining
years of his life.

He also converted to Mormonism by December 11, 1983. He supported the Presidency of Ronald
Reagan, and became heavily conservative. By 1997, a year before his death, he had come to the
following conclusion, a far cry from his earlier ultraleft radicalism: I think that it is possible for the
capitalist system to have a program of full employment, but we have a spiritual and moral problem
in America. Our problem is not economic or political; it is that we do not care about each other.
Before he died, he had diabetes and prostate cancer. He died in May 1, 1998.

During this time of the 1990s, we saw the increase of the African American middle class and the
black rich. After 1968, many black families moved into the suburbs (or wealthier communities)
while poor communities saw an increase of economic inequality after the 1960's. There has been a
growth of class stratification in the black American community. In other words, there is the black
wealthy, the black middle class, and the black poor. Some black people unfortunately look down
and disrespect the black poor working class for elitist, classist reasons. That must end period.

During this decade, the expansion of hip hop occurred. From being limited to NYC during the 1970s
to being internationally expressed by the 1990s, hip hop became diverse. Many hip hop artists
would progressively show opposition to the War on Drugs, police brutality, and oppression. Groups
like Public Enemy and Paris would discuss about these issues in vivid detail. Other artists would
show lyrics that are misogynistic, anti-black, promote materialism, glamorized other evils, and filled
with nihilistic bigotry. That is why C. Delores Tucker and other activists would oppose rap music that
degraded women and glamorized violence. C. Delores Tucker was heavily criticized and it is sad that
many people saw what she was talking about only after her passing. RIP Sister C. Delores Tucker.
Hip hop culture during the 1990s was extremely popular among the youth. Hip hop culture is
diverse too. People of every race and creed love hip hop music. The youth sought respect, self-
expression, and freedom. To much of the youth, hip hop was one outlet for them to honestly
outline their views on life.

It has been over 20 years since

the death of Tupac Shakur and
we remember his life in order to
be further inspired to fight for
real change in our world. It is Whitney Houston had the
important to reiterate that greatest singing voice of our
Tupacs mother was the Black generation. She was a
Panther activist Afeni Shakur. humble Sister. Sweet
RIP Brother Tupac Shakur. Dreams.

RIP Sister Whitney Houston.

The great tragedies of the evil murders of Tupac Shakur in 1996 and the Notorious B.I.G. in 1997
outlined the necessity to condemn murder and promote human respect. Also, R&B music was
popular in the 1990s too. Total has shown classic records about love, fun, and dating. TLC brought
our records that were relevant about women rights, dating, and romance. Blackstreet brought out
the male perspective on issues. Joe is a great singer. Toni Braxton brought soul and creativity in her
records. Xscape had Southern flavor and great talent. Toni Toni Toni represented from the West
Coast. Adina Howard is Adina Howard and she certainly is a very beautiful woman. Shes married
now and Adina has a great low of culinary arts. Nas made very lyrical music. Rakim made albums as
well. Montel Jordan during the 1990s had catchy, great music. Aaliyah had a great gift and an
excellent sense of human compassion when she shown music and outside of music. Brownstone
loved to perform. SWV has a classic sound with powerful voices. They are Sisters With Voices for a
reason. Amel Larrieux has made music that was filled with soul (she was the NYC-based group
Groove Theory with Bryce Wilson). Dionne Farriss I Know song is one anthem of the 1990s
decade. Dionne Farris is an amazing singer too. She is in her late 40s and she was born in 1969 in
Plainview, New Jersey. Whitney Houston had the greatest vocals of our generation in my view.
Mariah Carey had many hits throughout the 1990s too. Monica is just amazing with her harmonies
and sound. Brandy back then had her own show and she performed magnificently. There are so
many artists with so much talent back then. Therefore, the 1990s consisted of massively soulful,
innovative black talent. Black excellence in athletics was strong too. Jackie Joyner Kersee, Gail
Divers, Michael Johnson, Michael Jordan, Carl Lewis, and other athletes won gold medals in the
Olympics. The Bulls and the Cowboys including the 49ers won championships. The WNBA was
formed in the 1990s and Lisa Leslie, Sheryl Swopes, Cynthia Cooper-Dyke, Teresa Weatherspoon,
Tina Thompson, Rebecca Lobo, Dawn Staley, and other amazing players.

Racist hate crimes against black people existed like James Byrd Jr. being murdered by white
supremacists in Jasper, Texas at June 7, 1998. Police brutality cases grew. On February 4, 1999
Amaudou Diallo was shot by NYPD. He was murdered by the NYPD. Massive protests in NYC existed
to fight police brutality like the murder of Diallo. Many activists went into prison for protesting for
the human rights of Diallo.
Also, the New Black Panther Party grew during the 1990s as well. There are similarities and
differences between the Black Panther Party and the New Black Panther Party. The BPP and the
NBPP both proclaimed the love of black people, the love of the black community, opposition to
imperialism, denouncement of white racism (as white racism is evil and totally reprehensible), and
opposition to police brutality. The difference is that the NBPP is much more separatist and
conservative on many issues than the BPP. The Huey Newton Foundation and Bobby Seale have
condemned the NBPP because of ideological reasons. The BPP embraced more Marxist-Leninist,
socialist views than the NBPP (the NBPP is also influenced by the views of the Nation of Islam as
many NOI members are in the NBPP). Khalid Muhammad was a famous member of the NBPP. He
was once a leader in the Nation of Islam. He supported Million Youth Marches in 1998 and 1999.
Khalid Muhammad passed away in February 17, 2001. I have to mention this information too. Some
people want to equate the NBPP with the KKK. That is not only ludicrous, but a slander. It's one
thing to ideologically disagree with some of the views of the NBPP. Yet, the NBPP never lynched
people, never raped people as a part of policy, never deprived people of voting rights, never burned
crosses, never burned down churches to the ground, never assaulted civil rights protesters, never
supported the Confederate flag, and never said that black people are inferior (as black people are
never inferior to anyone).

Therefore, while I don't agree with the NBPP on every issue, I will never equate the NBPP to the KKK
(which is a white racist terrorist organization that has actually murdered and raped black people for
over a century). Also, during the late 1990s, a group of African American progressives called the
Black Radical Congress would advance their progressive views. Bill Clinton would promote the Race
Initiative in 1997 in facilitating interracial dialogue. Yet, Bill Clinton would continue neoliberal
policies (from ending Glass Steagall to passing the telecommunications bill) to the end of his
Presidency in 2001. Job growth expanded during the Clinton years, but much of the job growth was
low wage jobs. The crime rate also declined by the end of the 1990s too. Also, Bill Clinton signed a
law that ended the modern welfare system in the 1990's (called the Welfare Reform Act), which
progressive human beings legitimately opposed. The end of the 1990s saw a transitional period in
world history. It was the end of the Cold War and the start of the information age into a higher
level. After the 1990s, we saw the Presidency of George W. Bush (which was a terrible Presidency
in many ways from his unjust wars of aggression, the Katrina response disaster, and to the
economic recession at the end of George W. Bushs second term).

The Millennial Generation (from the Age of Obama and Beyond)

After the era of the Black Panther Party, we see a new era in our generation. From the late 1960s
to the present, we have seen the growth of the middle class (many of the middle class are in
privileged position and some of them have shown disdain for the poor, which is wrong), the
privatization of many public schools, and the expansion of the military industrial complex including
the growth of the prison industrial complex. We live in the age of Obama in the early part of the
21st century. Many folks who claim to be progressive want to have uncritical support of the
Democratic Party instead of political independence. It has been almost 20 years in this new century
in this new millennium. This era of time is definitely tied to the 21st century recession and
terrorism. The recession of the 21st century started by many factors like the risk derivatives
executed by some big banking interests. Many black people and others have suffered foreclosures,
layoffs, and increased economic inequality as a product of economic problems.

The war on terror has in many cases expanded during the Age of Obama. Drone attacks, unjust
wars, torture, reactionary laws, etc. have existed in this war on terror. The President has been
elected in 2008 and in 2012. Our black ancestors have experienced slavery in the Americas for over
300 years and even after the U.S. legally abolished slavery, Jim Crow apartheid existed for about
100 years after the end of the Civil War. Resistance and rebellion against injustice caused the 1960s
Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act to be passed. The historic election of Barack Obama has
caused some to naively believe that we have entered a post-racial era. Yet, the continued police
terror against unarmed black people (and others), the continued brutal wars, the terrorism, and
economic problems prove that we dont live in an Utopian society.

The black woman in the photograph is Tess Asplund. She is heroic and brave. She confronted racist
people in Sweden and her strength is powerful. The image shows the power of a black woman.
Black women have been slandered and disrespected, but a black woman's worth and dignity are
paramount and precious. The first human beings on this Earth are black people. We have an
epidemic of fascists in Sweden and in America who hate black people, women, other minorities, etc.
Intolerance and bigotry are never solutions to problems. Solutions to problems include compassion,
policies of uplift, investments, and other things. It takes courage for her to do what she did. Sister
Tess Asplund is a real activist and a heroic black woman. Bless Sister Tess Asplund. President Barack
Obama is a President who is a paradox ideologically. He is the most progressive President on
many social issues in American history, but he is a neoliberal President in terms of economic and
foreign policy matters unfortunately. It is documented that racist covenant policies and white
racist mobs have harmed the housing rights of African Americans for decades. It is a fact that many
black families and black people in general were restricted from mortgage insurance, etc. While
investment in suburbia increased, investments to solve problems in urban and poorer communities
have been stifled. The urban renewal and disinvestment in central cities grew residential and school
segregation.
 And in my opinion, the young generation of whites, blacks, browns,
whatever else there is, youre living at a time of extremism, a time of revolution,
a time when theres got to be a change. People in power have misused it, and
now there has to be a change and a better world has to be built, and the only
way its going to be builtis with extreme methods. And I, for one, will join in
with anyoneI dont care what color you areas long as you want to change
this miserable condition that exists on this earth.

-Malcolm X at Oxford University on December 3, 1964.

Like always, it is once again important to praise Sister Ava Duvernay and others who made this
important project or the 13th documentary (found in Netflix) a reality in the year of 2016. We live in
a new generation nearing the year of 2020. Therefore, this documentary can definitely inspire the
minds of the youth, so more of the youth can understand the vile evils found in the prison industrial
complex (or the carceral state). The documentary is right that the same system of racism and
economic exploitation didn't cease to exist in 1865. It continues to exist today. Many men, women,
and even children have been disrespected, abused, and harmed in many other emotional ways by
the prison system. Many innocent people are in prison and many drug offenders in prison serve
more time than many murderers. That is wrong. The film is an independent appraisal of the
situation that we face and it exposes the truth that both Republicans and Democrats are complicit
in the problems that has metastasized involving the prison system. Henry Louis Gates and the
prison abolition advocate Angela Davis are interviewed in the documentary. Also, it is important to
expose Ronald Reagans pro-War on Drugs, and pro-mass incarceration policies too. We can never
omit the lives of black women who suffer in prison too. The lives of black women matters always.
The Netflix documentary chronologically outlines what we, as black people, have been saying all
along. We have been saying that the loophole in the 13th Amendment has been exploited by
reactionary forces in order for them to criminalize tons of our Brothers and our Sisters in vicious,
calculating, and pernicious ways. That is why many poor people use plea deal related sentencing
plans since they can't afford to go to trial to defend themselves (even if they are innocent). That is
why there has been an epidemic of the rape and abuse of prisoners and that is why bad policies
(from three strikes to the agenda of "law and order" has been a bipartisan affair. For example,
Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton appealed to conservative forces as a way to promote policies that
expanded the prison state. Hillary Clinton once called black children super predators). The far
right demagogue Donald Trump has in involved in promoting the "law and order" rhetoric too while
promoting harsh actions against the protesters of his rallies. Also, Trump believes to this day that
the Central Park Five are guilty when they are innocent). The trailer of the documentary is very
powerful. Ava Duvernay, Michelle Alexander, Spencer Averick, and so many other human beings
involved in this necessary movie did a magnificent job in showing how racial injustice and economic
injustice are still found in the criminal "justice" system.
The film mentioned Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Assata Shakur. We have to always
mention that all 3 of these black people questioned or opposed capitalism. Assata Shakur explicitly
advocated socialism. Frantz Fanon also promoted black liberation against imperialism and against
colonialism too. Malcolm X and Assata Shakur also believed in using arms in self-defense and they
loved pan-Africanism. Many people are correct that the documentary could have added
information about J. Edgar Hoovers COINTELPRO actions (which were involved in the decimation of
the Black Panther Party), the Nixon aides admission that the War on Drugs intentionally targeted
black people, and nefarious agenda of the 2 party system in the world society. In the final analysis,
people deserve jobs with a living wage, quality education, affordable health care, an end to police
brutality, an end to mass incarceration, excellent housing, liberty, justice, and the pursuit of
happiness.

If we want to get into the land of justice, then we must oppose capitalist exploitation period. We
want change and we will fight for it by any means necessary.

Classism, sexism, and racism contributed to continued intersectional oppression against black
people (and others). The Justice Department has refused to prosecute a single policeman for civil
rights violations in the murder of black youth and workers (except one person who is the murderer
Michael Slager). Also, we have to acknowledge many progressive heroes fighting for real change.
Many young people in the Black Lives Matter movement, Dream Defenders, Black Youth Project
100, Blackout for Human Rights, and other organizations have opposed the Confederate flag (which
was gone from the South Carolina state Capitol building after Sister Bree Newsome took it down),
we see a growing awareness about institutionalized racism including police terrorism. Also, we see
the expansion of social media (which record abuses and has organized movements for social change
too). President Barack Obama has given speeches about parenting in conservative overtones while
forgetting that redlining, foreclosures, and police brutality cant be solved by respectability politics.

These problems can be solved by a radical redistribution of economic and political power where
the power of structure of oppression, imperialism, and capitalism is replaced with a system of
justice (where housing, education, health care, and other human rights are made available for all. In
other words, the expansion of democratic and economic rights are key to liberating all of the
human race). The events in Ferguson, Baltimore, NYC, and in other places of America are about
people being tired of police terrorism, economic inequality, discrimination, unemployment, bigotry,
intolerance, xenophobia, closed schools, and poverty. The evils of Islamophobia and the
scapegoating of refugees including immigrants by many far right factions are deplorable. We also
realize that many Brothers and Sisters globally are doing what is right and Afro-Colombians, Afro-
Brazilians, etc. are strong people. We know that racism, and class oppression existed from the
policies of the 1% via capitalism and other mechanisms of evil. So, the struggle continues. Our eyes
are on the prize.

Sister Barbara Easley-Cox gave great advice (in her interview with PBS) on what to
do:

"...There needs to be a lot of youth questioning authority. I dont mean their parents and their
teachers, or the policeman on the street. That all has to go on, but it needs to be raised to a higher
level. Im talking about our so-called leadership, from the president to the city council. I have not
changed. I do vote; I encourage people to get involved with that process, wherever they are.
People need to figure out where they want to go, what they want to see accomplished. The 70s
and 80s were the time of the Me Generation, and the process of all this me means theres
still a lot of work to be done. Its important to recognize that youre not the only person suffering
in your community. Join something secular and local in its nature, whether thats saving a
building, saving a park, or something else...Our legacy is also the legacy of everyone back to the
first slave that came to America. We were just another link in history that builds on someone
elses struggles. That culture of resistance, its all around the world, and occasionally youll hear
somebody mention the Black Panther Party as an influence, because they read or heard about it
or saw a movie. Youth will pick up that culture of resistance, and learn how to interpret politics
and community work based on that. Take what you need to progress."
 Nobody's free until everybody's free.
-Fannie Lou Hamer

Conclusion

We are in the end of 2016. The Black Panther Party's actions & ideologies has truly influenced the
world today. We see young people raising their fists in celebrating. We witness adults chanting
Power to the People in rallies to this very day. The Black Panther Party for Self Defense existed
during the post-World War II Cold War America. This was during the time when many black young
people (and other activists) were dismayed and angry at the slow progress of the Civil Rights
Movement. The passage of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act existed in 1964 and 1965
respectively. While the system of overt legal apartheid was being dismantled back then,
communities in Los Angeles, New York City, Oakland, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Chicago, Milwaukee,
San Francisco, Boston, Detroit, and other urban communities in America experienced de facto
segregation, poverty, racism, discrimination, economic deprivation, and police brutality. The
rebellions transpired in 1964-1965 (as found in Rochester, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and New York
City) which influenced the ultimate creation of the Black Panther Party.

The Black Panther Party was not only against imperialism and racism. They wanted to end
capitalism and desire socialism to help humanity. The Free Breakfast program, free health care
clinics, ambulatory services, and other institutions reflected the socialist ethos of the Black Panther
Party. They sympathized with the suffering of the Third World and wanted international proletariat
liberation. The rebellions were an act of insurrection against oppression and horrendous conditions
in poor communities. The Black Panthers evaluated the rebellions and wanted people to channel
their power to form revolutionary solutions. The founders of the Black Panther Party (that came
about in Oakland in 1966) wanted to end oppression and capitalist exploitation of the black
community by a racist, classist, and sexist power structure.
They enact tools of monitoring the police and the Children Breakfast program to help people and
expanded their organization. They wanted to help the sick, the aged, and those in the prison system
too. Their peak was from 1967 to 1971. The BPP's allies were anti-war activists, progressive lawyers,
other civil rights organizations, and other human beings of many colors. After 1971, they declined
because of many factors like: splits, overt government repression (done by the FBI and local police
agencies. The CPD murdered Fred Hampton and Mark Clark brutally in December of 1969), errors
being made, and decreasing support from other individuals. Many Panthers made huge mistakes.
Some did misogyny, unjust violence, and other evils. Malfeasance was done too. There is no excuse
for these errors and evil actions period. Likewise, we honor the progressive, heroic Black Panthers
who love the people, who stood up against police brutality, and who assisted humanity in excellent
ways. These heroes love their own Black humanity.

We honor people like Afeni Shakur, Kathleen Cleaver, Fredirka Newton, Connie Mathews, Claudia
Williams, Barbara Easley-Cox, Assata Shakur, Safiya Bukhari, Angela Davis, and other human
beings who fought for what is right and just. During the 21st century, neoliberal policies like
bailouts to multinational corporations, austerity, repression of immigrant rights, and imperialist
wars have harmed societies globally. Also, laws that violate democratic rights continue to persist in
American society and even the Supreme Court recently have harmed the Fourth Amendment.
Today, we have the Black Lives Matter Movement and other social movements engaging in the
work for human justice. We believe in an international solidarity among humanity. The BPP taught
us about internationalist solidarity, the love of the community, an abhorrence of capitalist
exploitation, and revolutionary politics. We believe in political independence and the love of
wisdom. The Black Panther Party motivates us now to fight for justice. We are still here. Black is
Beautiful. Black Love is Beautiful and Glorious too. A mind that is apt to embrace honor, legitimate
revolutionary change, and justice is a mind that's following the truth. We will stand up for our
human rights too. So, I will end my words in the following proclamation:
 Power to the People

By Timothy
The following shows information on a future series that I will show in 2017 about African
American history. It will be exciting, it will show great facts, and it will inspire
humanity.

An Outline of my Future Series of African American History

Part 1: Our Origins The Beginning (From The Birth of Human History to 1700).

The 1700's (1700-1775)

The American Revolution and early America (1775-1804)

Part 2: The Struggle Religion (1750-1850)

Continues
Part 3: Oppression Continues
and our Resistance against
Evil
Part 4: Our Continued
Cultural Growth
Part 5: Our fights Against
Foreign and Domestic
Tyranny.
Part 6: Our Eyes are on the
Prize
Part 7: Where do We Go
From Here?
The Antebellum Period (1783-1861)
The Civil War & Emancipation (1861-1865)
Reconstruction (1865-1877).
The Age of early Jim Crow (1877-1919)
The Early Civil Rights Movement (1896-1954)
The Great Migration and the Harlem Renaissance (1910-
1940)
Social & Economic Movements (of the 19th and early 20th
centuries) (1890-1945)
From World War I to the Great Depression (1914-1933)
The New Deal (1933-1941)
World War II (1941-1945)
The Second Great Migration (1941-1970)
The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)
The Post Civil Rights Era (1968-2008)
The Age of Obama (2008-2017)
2017 and Beyond for Black America (2017-Present)

Conclusion
 We should always remember who the Mother of the Human
Race is. She is the Black Woman. So, we will always respect and
cherish Black Women Forever. Bless Black Women.