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Algebraic Equation Solutions Guide

1) The document discusses methods for solving algebraic equations of different degrees, including quadric (quadratic), cubic, and quartic equations. 2) It provides the formulas for finding the solutions (roots) of each type of equation. For quadratic equations, the roots can be real and unique, real and equal, or complex conjugates depending on the discriminant. 3) For cubic equations, the roots are given in terms of parameters S and T, and can be one real and two complex or all real depending on the discriminant. 4) Solutions to quartic equations are expressed in terms of the real root of an associated cubic equation.

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219 views1 page

Algebraic Equation Solutions Guide

1) The document discusses methods for solving algebraic equations of different degrees, including quadric (quadratic), cubic, and quartic equations. 2) It provides the formulas for finding the solutions (roots) of each type of equation. For quadratic equations, the roots can be real and unique, real and equal, or complex conjugates depending on the discriminant. 3) For cubic equations, the roots are given in terms of parameters S and T, and can be one real and two complex or all real depending on the discriminant. 4) Solutions to quartic equations are expressed in terms of the real root of an associated cubic equation.

Uploaded by

johnjoviedo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

www.mathportal.

org

Math Formulas: Solutions of algebraic


equations
Quadric Equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0
Solutions (roots):
1.

x1,2 =

b2 4ac
2a

If D = b2 4ac is the discriminant , then the roots are


1. real and unique if D > 0
2. real and equal if D = 0
3. complex conjugate if D < 0

Cubic Equation: x3 + a1 x2 + a2 x + a3 = 0
Let
3a2 a21
9
9a1 a2 27a3 2a31
R=
54
q
p
3
S = R + Q3 + R2
q
p
3
T = R Q3 + R2

Q=
2.

Then solutions (roots) of the cubic equation are:


1
x1 = S + T a1
3
1
x2 = (S + T )
2
1
x3 = (S + T )
2

3.

1
a1 +
3
1
a1
3

1
i 3(S T )
2
1
i 3(S T )
2

If D = Q3 + R2 is the discriminant of the cubic equation, then:


1. one root is real and two complex conjugate if D > 0
2. all roots are real and at last two are equal if D = 0
3. all roots are real and unequal if D < 0

Quartic Equation:x4 + a1 x3 + a2 x2 + a3 x + a4 = 0
Let y1 be a real root of the cubic equation
y 3 a2 y 2 + (a1 a3 4a4 )y + (4a2 a4 a23 a21 a4 ) = 0

4.

p class=zu Then solutions of the quartic equation are the 4 roots of


5.

1
z +
2
2


a1

a21


4a2 + 4y1

1
z+
2



q
2
y1 y1 4a4 = 0

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