AntarcticKrillBiology,Ecology

andFisheries

SoKawaguchi
Australian Antarctic Division
AustralianAntarcticDivision

Who am I?
WhoamI?
G
GraduatedHokkaidoUniversity,Japan
d t d H kk id U i
it J
PhDinFisheriesScience(PhytoplanktonPeptide)
WorkedforaJapanesekrillfishingcompanyasa
researchscientist(4years)
WorkedfortheJapaneseFisheriesResearch
W k df h J
Fi h i R
h
Agency(8years)
WorkingfortheAustralianAntarcticDivision
W ki f th A t li A t ti Di i i
since2002
Areaofresearch:AntarcticKrillBiology,Ecology,
Area of research: Antarctic Krill Biology Ecology
andFisheriesManagement
1

AustralianAntarcticDivision

HobartAntarctic
Community
CCAMLR
Commissionforthe
Conservationof
AntarcticMarine
LivingResources

CSIROMarine

InstituteforMarineandAntarcticScience
UniversityofTasmania

HobartandAmundsen
Hobart
General
Post
Office

2010

Hadleys
Hotel 1912

Outline of my lecture
Outlineofmylecture

Monday:
1.1_Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2_Krillbiologyandecology
1.3_Krillbehaviour
1.4_Discussionpaper:Nicol(2006)
T d
Tuesday:
2.1_Australiaskrillresearch(BROKEWestSurvey)
2.2_Experimentalapproachtounderstandkrillbiology.
2.3_ClimateChangeeffectsonkrill
g
2.4_Discussionpaper:Floresetal.(2012)
Wednesday:
3.1_Krillfisheryanditsoperation
3.2_Krillfisherymanagement
3 2 Krill fishery management
3.3_Internationalcollaboration
3.4_Discussionpaper:Hilletal.(2014)
Thursday:
4.1_FacultyLecture
4.2_Discussion
Friday:
5.1_Summaryoftheweek
5 1 Summary of the week
5.1_StudentPresentations

Whyweneedtostudykrill?

LotsofRedPoointhePenguinColonies!

SouthernOceanFoodWeb

The Products

F d and
Feed
d B
Baits
it

Food

Fr z n Kr
Frozen
Krill Tail
a M
Meat
at
Krill Protein Concentrate
Krill Hydrolysed Solubles
Krill Flavours

Chemicals

10

Frozen krill
Krill Meal
Krill Oil
Krill
ll Protein
P
Solubles
l bl

Krill Pharma Oil

Astaxanthine
Dried Krill Shell
Chitin
Chitosan
Krill Enzymes

Sources:www.kingkrill.com/;www.hirokyu.jp/okiami

Increasinginterestsinto
Increasing
g interestsintocommercialfisheries
commercialfisheries

11

Increasing demands for

aquaculture
lt
f
feeds
ds and
df
for h
human
diet supplement
New
N
entrants
t
ts iin k
krill
ill fish
fishery ((e.g.
Norway, China)

Wecancountnumberofanimalsonlandbyeyes

12

Weknowquitealotabout
surfaceofthemoon

13

Wecannot
directlyseeinside
the sea
thesea.
Halfofthetime
Antarctic Ocean is
AntarcticOceanis
coveredbyice.

14

Researchsurveyatseaandonice

15

PredatorMonitoring

16

ImportanceofLaboratorystudyinkrillbiology

17

WhatisKrill,whyare
theysosuccessful?

18

Morphology

19

Morphology

Takeacloserlook
Take a closer look

85Speciesintheworldsocean
SeveralSpeciesintheAntarcticOcean
Several
SpeciesintheAntarcticOcean
Antarctickrillisthelargestpelagicspecies
20

Feeding

Specialised in feeding on phytoplankton

Specialisedinfeedingonphytoplankton

21

Kils 1982

Feeding

22

FeedingBasket

Feeding

23

Feeding

Specialisedinfilteringoutawiderangeoffoodsize
p
g
g

24

Boydetal.1984

Feeding
Oneofthemain
One
of the main
dietsarediatoms.
Diatomhavevery
hard silicate shells
hardsilicateshells
outside

25

Feeding

Lateral Teeth
LateralTeeth

26

ClusterSpines

Bioluminescence

Countershade
C
Communicationduringnight
i ti d i
i ht
Schooling
Mating
27

Behaviour

APowerfulSwimmer

28

Kils 1982

Behaviour

Krill are obligate schooler

Krillareobligateschooler

29

Behaviour

30

Moulting

Krill keep moulting every 24 weeks for its entire life

Krillkeepmoultingevery24weeksforitsentirelife.

31

Kils 1982

Why krill are so special

Whykrillaresospecial...
Amongtheworldsmostabundantmetazoan
p
species
Formthelargestaggregationofmarinelife,
Haveagreatuntappedfisheriespotential
H
d fi h i
i l
Krillarecentraltopelagicmarinefoodwebs
p g

32