a pt CARLETON UNIVERSITY FINAL EXAMINATION December 2000 DURATION: 3_ HOURS No.of Students: 50 Department Name & Course Number, Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering 88.446 4 instuctons) Professor E.G. Plett pen Book , Calculators Students MUST count the number of pages inthis examination question paper before beginning to waite, and report any discrepancy immediately wo a proctor. This question paper has 2 pages. ‘This examination question paper MAY be taken from the examination oom. Note: The relative value of each problem is shown in the left margin. (15%) 1. An aluminum ball 0.5 om in diameter initially at 250 °C is dropped into a large tank of water (with T,., = 100 °C), which is maintained at 25 °C. The mean coefficient of heat transfor is considered to be 3000 W/(m?°C) for boiling (Le. until the ball temperature drops. below T,. = 100 °C) and 250 W/(m?°C) fornonboiling. The properties of the aluminum ball may be taken to be: density = 2700 kg/m? , k = 236 W/(m*C), ¢, = 0.896 kiikg °C) Determine: (neglecting rauiation) a) The period of time for which the balll temperature is greater than or equal to 100°C after it has been dropped into the tank of water. b) The temperature of the ball 30 seconds after it is dropped into the tank. ©) Expressions for the heat transfer rate from the ball to the bath in both the boiling and non-boiling phases. [20%] 2. The long rectangular bar shown in the sketch is. maintained at 100°C along three faces but is ‘subjected to a convective environment on the other face. The convective coefficient, h, is found to be 250 Wi(m? °C) along face "A", which is in contact with a fluid at temperature 200°C. You are asked to solve for the unknown nodal temperatures T, and T, as well as the rates of heat transtar to surfaces "A" and “B". The bar has dimensions of 10 cm. per side, and it has a thermal conductivity of k = 40 W/m °C)Engineering 88.446 2 Final Exam December 2000 (25%) 3. Exhaust from diesel engines used for generating electricity Is available at 600 K and mass flow rate of 180 kg/h. Itis desired to heat air which enters at 300 K with a mass flow Fate of 100 kg/h using a double pipe heat exchanger unit with inside diameters of 7.38 and 9.8 cm, with a wall thickness (copper) of 2.77 mm and a length of 2 m. Assuming fully developed flow in both flow passages, in a counterflow arrangement, (basing properties on the inlet temporatures of each flow for eimplicity, and treating the exhaust flow as pure carbon dioxide) determine: a) the convective coefficient (h ) of the air flow in the inner tube; ) the convective coefficient (h..) of the carbon dioxide flow in the shell; ©) the overall heat transfer coefficient, (U), indicating whether it is based on the tube or shell side 4) the outlet temperature of each stream; and ¢) the rate of heat exchange between the streams. (25%) 4. A 10 mlong triangular enclosure with abase of 2m The emissivities of the surfaces (15%) is divided as shown in the sketch with the base are as follows: ‘equally divided into surfaces 1 and 2. Outer surface aos ae 4'Is insulated and surface 3 is a radiation shield ned ‘extending from the top of the triangle to the mid point £,=0.025 €,=08 Of the base. ‘Surface 1 is maintained at 600 K and 6,-0.8 surfaces 2 and 5 are maintained at the same temperature of 300K. Neglecting end effects, and The temperatures of the assuming this enclosure is isolated from any other surfaces are as follows: systems, you are asked to: a) find the view factor between surfaces 1 and 3, F,.s ) find the view factor between surfaces 1 and 4, F,., ¢) find the view factor between surfaces 3 and 2) Fy; 4) find the view factor between surfaces 3 and 5, F,., ©) draw the" electrical circuit which represents the radiation exchange between surfaces of this enclosure; f) find the steady state temperature of the surface 4 9) find the steady state temperature of the surface 3 hh) find the net radiative heat flow from surface 1 at steady state. 5. Atmospheric air, at 0 °C, flows parallel to a flat surface with a velocity of 10m/s. The surface is 20-m long (in the flow direction), 2.5-m wide and is maintained at 54°C. Estimate (for a critical Reynolds number of 500 000); a) the average convective heat transfer coefficient, h, for this flow situation; 'b) the convective heat transfer rate from the flat surface to the surrounding alr; (one side only); ©) the radiative heat transfer rate from one side of the flat surface(€, = 0.8) to the black surroundings which are at a temperature 0 °C.