.

26, 2004

.
TO


10.12681/mnimon.836

Copyright 2004

To cite this article:

(2004). .
TO . , 26, 133-156.

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36. Zeev Sternhell, Fascist ideology, W. Laqueur (.), Fascism. A
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150

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151

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152

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154

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 20 .

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156

S U M M A RY
Nikos Potamianos, The Radical Right and the Agrarian Question in the
Early 20th Century. The Case of Christovassilis and the ((Hellenism Asosociation
The subject of this article is an aspect of the history of the radical right
in Greece, namely its intellectual and political response to the agrarian
question which emerged in Greece at the end of the 19th century after
the incorporation of new provinces where large landownership was pre
dominant. In particular, the arguments and theses of a cadre of the big
gest nationalist league of Athens in 1907 are examined, in contrast to
its earlier views on the agrarian question and in contrast to the discourse
of the radical supporters of the sharecroppers as well as the landowners.
Christovassilis adopts a pro-peasant stand, attacking capitalist land
owners and indirectly proposing the purchase of the land by its culti
vators with the assistance of the state. However, his main aim was to
prove that parliamentary democracy was incapable of improving the
sharecroppers' situation, a task which only an authoritarian state could
accomplish.
Crucial in Christovassilis' arguments was the use of nationalist dis
course in order to legalize sharecroppers' demands: he linked the peas
ants' struggle for land in the past with the national conflict with the
Ottoman conquerors, equating land with fatherland and, therefore, the
ownership of land of Thessaly with the peasants' participation in the
nation. Christovassilis' earlier views which put emphasis on the social
aspects of the agrarian question gave way to the preponderance of the
nationalist argument, which was in turn related to other aspects of the
ideology of the radical right.
"Hellenism" followed a strategy of appealing to the mobilized sub
ordinate classes but without totally adopting their point of view. It
was always clear that the viewpoint of the association was that of pa
ternalism, not of emancipation. One of the points of its criticism against
the democratic state was that the latter was not powerful enough to
repress the impending peasant revolt. The restoration of law and order
was for the radical right more important than the improvement of the
living conditions of the lower strata. And the adoption of popular de
mands, in general, proved to be merely rhetoric: when the class struggle
became more intense, especially in the case of the agrarian movement
of 1910, "Hellenism" remained aloof.

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