Contents

xiv

16.6

16.5.3.2 TCP Timestamp Option

16.5.3.3 Fast Retransmit and Recovery
16.5.4 Conventional TCP Implementation Options
16.5.5 Split TCP Solutions
16.5.6 Indirect TCP (I-TCP)
16.5.7 Mobile TCP Protocol
16.5.8 Mobile-End Transport Protocol
16.5.9 The Proxy Solutions
16.5.10 TCP End-to-End Solutions
16.5.10.1 Probing TCP
16.5.10.2 TCP Santa Cruz
16.5.10.3 Wireless TCP (WTCP99)
Application Level Optimization
References

17 RAN Performance Root Cause Analysis and Trending

Techniques for Effective Troubleshooting and Optimization
17.1 RAN KPIs
17.2 Measurement Guidelines
17.2.1 Live Network Traffic
17.2.2 Drive Testing
17.3 Correlation Based Root Cause Analysis
17.3.1 Correlative Analysis Based on a priori Knowledge
17.3.2 Correlation Analysis Based on Data Clustering
17.3.2.1 Data Reduction and Clusterization Based on
Self-organized Maps (SOM)
17.3.2.2 Clustering of SOM Data Based on the K-means
Algorithm
17.4 Applications to Network Troubleshooting and Performance
Optimization
17.4.1 Formation of Vector PIs
17.4.2 Data Scaling
17.4.3 Clustering of Performance Data (Building Performance
Spectrum)
17.4.4 Clustering Cells into Behavioral Classes
Appendix
References

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Abbreviations

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Index

323