SOLUTIONS TO FIRST EXAM-A r[ot 245 ‘l- [o1 2 10] 4 - 5 + mm = 0 nw] [aanen 3) 2 2)-[AS snl Tt] o An appropriate geometric picture for the solution set is @ plane through the origin. 2, a. Linearly dependent because the vectors are multiples of each other. 1b, Linearly dependent because the set. contains the zero veetor c. Study Ax = 0 to determine if the set is linearly independent 1-2 1 0 0 1-2 1 0 0 1-2 1 0 0 1 1-1 9 Of Jo 3-2 9 of fo 3-2 9 0 0-3 2-4 0 0-3 2-4 0 Oe 07 0: 50) -1 5-3 4 0 0 3-2 4 0 0 0 0-5 0 At this point, the Inck of a pivot position in column 9 shows that the equation te — 0 has a free variable and hence has a nontrivial solution. So the columns of A are linearly dependent 3. a. Determine if the equation Ax = y has a solution. ed eed 2-1 7/~/o 1 -3 a4 o 0 0 The equation is consistent, so y is in the range of the linear transformation T. b. The calculation in (a) shows that. A does not have a pivot in each row. By a theorem (Theorem 4 in Section 1.4), the columnns of A do not span °. By another theorem (Theorem 12 in Section 1.8), T does not map R? onto B*. (You do not have to mention the theorem numbers.) 1s of A using the (corresponding) entries in x as weights. 'BAB = BUC) = 4. a, ... a linear combination of the colun b. [-BAB™! = C + 1 =C+BAB™ + BAB =1-C. Left multiply by BM! to obtain BB. AB = BTC), Right-matiply by B: ABR = BI — C)B- A= B-AT—~C)B. Other steps are posible, 7 An equivalent answer is A =~ BCR. ©. Tuy) = Tau) +79) = 37) TLV) (2(3)-(a}C4)-13) 5. See the proof of Theorem 8 in Section 6.7 3 0 5 6h] 3] +L] 5] +5] -2] =| 10 |. The second vector ra, for example, lists in its second entry the total 0 2 3 1 resistance in loop 2; the other entvies in rz show the resistances that also belong to adjacent loops, with negative signs because the currents in those loops flow against the current in loop 2. The voltage in loop 1 is negative because the current flows from the negative (shorter) side of the battery to the positive side, ity Sub 92 03 08 9% 100,000 200,000 city 7. Migration matrix: Mt After one 10-year period, the population will be ix = | 22 83 [e338 | sa | Xi = Mxo = 08.97 | | 200,000 | = | 202,000 the equation Ax = 0 has only the trivial solution, ) the transformation x ++ Ax is one-to-one. or: the transformation x Ax maps 2" onto RB", (Gil) the columns of A span (iy) A hoo n pivot positions pase 2 of 2