1.

Taylorism
This scientific management of Taylorism was designed by Frederick
Taylor. Taylorism was a business practice designed to make the
workplace and worker more efficient by reducing the amount of skill
required to perform the task. Less training was required and made
it easier to replace employees. It led to an increase in factory
output but an unpleasant workplace for workers. The greater
amount of products a worker produced, the greater pay the worker
received. Workers could not take breaks and had to compete with
other workers to maintain their jobs. Rather than keeping workers
safe and healthy, Taylor focused on he improvement of efficiency
and output for the company. Although Taylorism was not fair, it
helped in rapidly producing wears and gears during wartime, also
shaping the United States into an industrial powerhouse.
2. Samuel Gompers
Samuel Gompers was a cigar maker who became a labor union leader. He
founded of the American Federation of Labor and fought for workers rights
and benefits. Gompers led labor movements to increase wages, shortening
work hours, and safe working conditions. His belief bed to the development
of contracts between labor and managements and collective bargaining
which are still in use.
3. Atlanta Compromise
Booker T Washington's "Atlanta Compromise" speech was an
agreement between the southern whites and African Americans to
allow African Americans to succeed in agriculture and business if
they give up their political and social rights. This compromise
allowed African Americans to receive better jobs economic security.
Washington pleased the whites and he became their new black
spokesman. However, black intellectuals such as W.E.B. Du Bois
criticized Washington's idea of surrounding civil rights and
neglecting liberal education. In the end, the African Americans went
back to fighting for equal political, social, and economic rights.
4. Plessy v. Ferguson
One-eighth black, Homer Plessy was arrested for refusing to leave
the white only railroad car. Plessy's lawyer argued that separation
of cars violated the Fourteenth Amendment but Judge Ferguson
ruled against Plessy, believing that the state had the right o set up
segregation policies. This case known as the Plessy v. Ferguson

established the separate but equal doctrine. Many southern states

started to enact their own segregation laws and racial violence
increased. It also led to the Jim Crow laws which segregated
facilities such as bathrooms, fountains, and restaurants. Many
African Americans were lynched, abused, and killed. In 1896, it was
overturned by Brown v. Board of Education.
5. W.E.B. Du Bois
W.E.B. Du Bois was an civil rights activist and African American leader that
opposed Booker T. Washington's "Atlanta Compromise." He believed that
educational, political, and economical progress had to move together. He
founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
which its mission was to eliminate racial hatred and discrimination. He was
favored by the whites and helped establish black colleges and universities,
agriculture training and social clubs across the country. Served as an
important role model for leaders in the civil rights movement.
6. Theodore Roosevelt
From a New York Police commissioner to president, Theodore Roosevelt
became the 26th U.S. president who believed in strong executive and
challenged corporations to reform. Roosevelt is famous for creating the
Panama Canal which expanded free trade also signaling America's emergence
as a global superpower. He created the Square Deal to prohibit monopolies,
trusts, and robber barons. He established rules and regulation on
cleanliness, which helped the meat packing industry to become cleaner. As
an environmentalist, he helped establish nations parks, monuments, and
forests. His leadership helped the federal government escape its reputation
for corruption and move to the center of economic and social life.
7. William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was a populist politician and Democratic candidate
for president in 1896, 1900, an 1908. He is well known for his "Cross of Gold
Speech," where he argued in favor of free silver. This speech gave him the
presidential nomination but we lost to Willilam McKinley. Bryan supported
pacifism and diplomacy instead of military action. He also adopted reforms
for peace, prohibition, woman suffrage and creation of a Department of
Labor. As Secretary, he negotiated the Bryan-Chamorro Treat, permitting the
US to construct an isthmian canal across Nicaragua and the rights to build
naval bases. He participated in the Scopes Trial, supporting to ban public
schools from teaching evolution.
8. Election of 1912

The election of 1912 had three major candidates; Theodore Roosevelt,

William Taft, and Wilson. This election showed the impact of a third party
participating in the election because usually third parties could not win
elections. Wilson won the election of 1912, with 42% of the votes, becoming
the first president in 20 years that a Democrat won the White House. The
election also included important campaign issues such as trade tariffs, trusts,
and giving women the right to vote. During his presidency, Wilson supported
farmers and small businesses and tried to remain neutral during the WWI. He
was famous for his speech, Fourteen Points that listed ways to avoid another
war and created the League of Nations.