) sss eee a 5 ql Feeling III Usa ES TT 2m Dialogue © Mary and Michiko are talking at school. 1ABIL ATY—-¥A, RAWSV FUL, 2ATY— 2 J-ho SLVEBLHBMBVATT. a Abo: CILEATTA. sATY—2 EDIRRBELHOURERNIHORA TH. RSAEST SER 5 KEBVETF. SSID ALATA 7AT YH: SHEL BC K BABS: ia TOA RMVWCH I. : WATCH. SOFIE EEMRDORATH, 2 A: 5b, FI CTH. MEL|AVETA, HECTAL a APY BD. SIF CFARORSHSZOT, RELA beodand 4 Cth BH LEVIES OWTL IG. bP alte RH: FRURERAT. e ATVI EB IRLG oR #: BARI. EC RCS, SbF Lesiat al ife 227 BBR (227) Michiko: You don't look well, Mary. ‘Mary: Um... . Ihave a little stomachache. Michiko: What's the matter? Mary: I went out to have dinner with my friend yesterday. I think maybe I ate too much. Michiko: Are you all right? Mary: Yes. Don't worry about it. Oh, it hurts, Michiko: You had better go to a hospital. Mary: Doctor, I have a sore throat. I had a stomachache yesterday. Doctor: I see. You have a fever, too. It just a cold. ‘Mary: Well, I will have a tennis tournament soon, so I have to practice, though Doctor: You had better not exercise for a couple of days. Mary: I understand. Doctor: Take medicine and go to bed early tonight. Mary: Yes. Thank you so much. Doctor: Take care.Gaal oe © & > SE cna 7c ==} =n eh ap @ VE80" 6a bs sUmclmratiar ary: Nouns SL RX leg; foot | a BR meaning + BUY stomach + ee JAAR cold POUL Re girlfriend wn cig boyfriend SBA 4 temperature (weather—not used for things) | ie SR XH Grammar Ge ~acs ‘There are two distinct ways to make a statement in Japanese. One way is to simply report the facts as they are observed. This is the mode of speech that we have learned so far. In this lesson, we will learn a new way: the mode of explaining things. A report is an isolated description of a fact. When you are late for an appointment, you can already report in Japanese what has happened, S22? 24 -C Lk. This sentence, however, does not have the right apologetic tone, because it is not offered as an explana- tion for anything. If you want to mention the busses failing to run on time as an excuse for being late, you will need to use the explanation mode of speech, and say: NRAER UM ORATH. (As it happens) the bus didn’t come. An explanation has two components, one that is explicitly described in the sentence (the bus not coming), and another, which is implied, or explained, by it (you being late for the appointment). The sentence-final expression AC + serves as the link between what the sentence says and what it accounts for. Compare: HLEFARMSVEF. I have an exam tomorrow. (a simple observation) SLKFARHSSATH. I have an exam tomorrow. (So I can’t go out tonight.) PALIT SAWCH. — I want to go to the bathroom. (declaration of one’s wish) RA VIATEEVATH. I want to go to the bathroom. (So tell me where it is.) ATF goes after the short form of a predicate. The predicate can be either in the affirmative or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense. AC > itself is invariant and does not usually appear in the negative or the past tense forms.’ In writing, it is more common to find @¢+ instead of ACT. BURL (VAC F. (in response to the question, “Why do you look so upset?”) (Asa matter of fact) My grade is not good. "In casual exchanges, A+ appears in its short form, 4#, In casual questions, 4C4# is replaced by ®. We will examine these further in Lesson 15.BURMA 9 ATT, (explaining to a person who has caught you smiling) The exam is over. (That’s why I’m smiling.) When it follows a noun or a #:-adjective, # comes in between. report sentences explanation sentences %g-adjective: Roce Boancy noun: secs Seach You can use 4,¢+ in questions to invite explanations and further clarifications from the person you are talking to. It is very often used together with question words, such as & 3L (why) and & 4 L# (what has happened). OQ: e5LCRUMREL CID, Why did you break up with your boyfriend? (You've got to tell me.) Alt, PAPA BMBICAD BATH. Oh, him. He never takes a bath. (That's a good enough reason, isn’t it?) QiejlLeatta What happened? (You look shattered.) A: BURAK TT. diy cat died. (That should explain how I look today.) You can also use ACF to provide an additional comment on what has just been said. ALE TE NORHE TT A, That's a great textbook that you are using. Bi RR, BOKPORED BE ACT. You beh. The professors at my university wrote it (for your information). 7A C9 LizACHH question is best answered by a A+ sentence with the subject marked with the particle #* rather than (2, as in this example. See Lesson 8 for a related discussion.(8) pss som Gal -s25 Verb stems may be followed by the helping verb + % 4, which means “too much,” or “to excess.” $4 conjugates as a regular ru-verb. ENTE CII EUA. You must not eat too much. RC RET RELA. I got up too early. + ¥4 can also follow ‘\- and %-adjective bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations); you drop the \y and % at the end of the adjectives and then add $2 4. (yy) TORLBT FAT. This book is too expensive. yn) SOAGMOTZIT. That person is too nice. Gal ~s5e0ucs (£9 HTH “it is better (for you) to do. . use to give advice. When you suggest an activity with (25 #\.»t+, you are giving a very specific piece of advice; namely, that it is advisable to do it, and if one does not is a sentence-final expression that you can follow the advice, there is a danger or a problem. [23 4%..t-CF is peculiar in that it follows different tense forms, depending on whether the advice given is in the affirmative or the negative. When the advice is in the affirma- tive, 1£ 9 #4). C+ generally follows the past tense short form of a verb. When the advice is in the negative, however, the verb is in the present tense short form. BoCHRERNA MFI MUTT I. You'd better eat more vegetables. It is better not to skip classes. You can use % to give the reason for the situation described in the balance of the sentence. Semantically, 2 is just like 5. Stylistically, 2¢ sounds slightly more formal than 45. (reason) DT (situation), _ (situation), because (reason).RR WIOLBRECHIOT, B BEFLEV ELE. My Japanese has improved, because I always speak Japanese. MA SABORDT. SOIOR, BRVATL id not sleep last night, because I had a lot of homework. ‘The reason part of a sentence ends in a short form predicate. When ®% follows a %-adjective or a noun, % comes in between, as it did with the explanatory predicate ACT. SDA UHSBDT, BOWTH. I do not like that person, because he is mean. Salta Ra >» RTRATT. ranks are closed, 1 Decne ad is @ Sunday. ~B DESLENTEE A. You are in the following situations. Explain them using ~VTT. Example: SRAYR VCS > QIS4ULEATIA LAMA TH. Q@ Trev be 8) BLAMMATH BHWELK @ 951% ©) FA b AB LS BRAATLE HVERATLA @) Wi ES LELE @ SBLETAhSIETBR <) @) (10) SSAHES B. Respond to the comments using ~ATS. [al] Example: My father’s + ROBA TCH. (3) Q) ay I received them Italian ones My mother made it, from my friend, G) POOR TT day A It was cheap. kind>a a C. Pair Work—Your partner has said something nice about what you have. Respond using ~ATT. Example: Bi SCS GH CH Aa bokhtT. D. Pair Work—Make up dialogues asking for reasons. Example: I went to Tokyo last week. > ALRMRRIMTEE LAS BiCGL CRRA CHO At Bar xy AMP EREATCH. - Lam very tired, + [have no money. - It is not convenient today. (#-4-a*, + I want to marry my boyfriend/girlfriend. - Lam going to Japan to study. - He speaks Chinese very well. (# B#2°44¢+) - Idon’t want to watch that movie. ORATEELE A. Describe the following pictures using ~F#S. Use “verb + 38S" for (1) through (4) and “adjective + $#8” for (5) through (10). Example: > OTEELA > COMmBLETE IT.sem |) @) 9) (0) B. Look at the verbs below. Think about the results of over doing these things and make sentences as in the example. Example: #X3 + BXPRRMG, BEOM AOA TT. 1. ko 2. BARTS 8. YE a7 —BIRG 4. REBT 5. FaAETS 6. HOWERNS 7 RERI 8. RATSeee @RERNEESHUUTS A. Using the cues below, give advice to a friend you should use the affirmative or the negative. has a headache. Decide if Example: Ree = Bt Ram OATH. AL RERAHIED BOOTHE 1. ms Re 2. BEUIRAT ¢ 3 saEICAT ¢ 4 ER ERG 5. FBIMS B. Pair Work—Give advice to your partner in the following situations, using ~IE5 ALL, Example: BRBAEGIOG TAY SBF BABRLEIE I AVATT. ADEE EARS HII MOOTT Le TRESS REVI HOTT, lL R-AYYTE 2. PEW 3, BLA LE 4. BEER 5. Rs By 6, Ba 7 won 8. BASES De 9. WOR RRIF S C. Pair Work—You are a health counselor. Someone who hasn't been feeling well is at your office. Ask the following questions. Complete this form first, then give your advice using ~IZS7.1L). EBHLE TH. b. Li dvweRre tor. (ey ve c. LC HRERNE TH. they WW d. BOUL ERNE TH. ye dC BRERAE TO ye RITTER E TH, ey WR POE Ta,be sient (211) ONRREOT RELET A. Connect the two sentences using ~OT. @™l) Example: WWARCH/BRS LET RLEOC. RHELET. > ROTH / EET . BORBHABL LS CB) ERL/ REC HD ERA . RAUL Lo ROT / BATES RRC LE/ BRERA ELA BDCH/ ARMS ET RN EEA /RMERALEL BLAF ANOS IEF /UBLIT | DED DEEL / Za RBBARVCH BRT RELE/ ROM CT eerreanepene B. Make sentences using the cues below as reasons, according to the example. Example: P¥EVS ELE > PHEOWEOT, RREMAE LEW a. BaD EEA 2 BRORBPOTOES 8. RAY Y ACH A ABST BORK DD) EA 6. wns eye C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. ils _ DC PEATE RUOTT. 2. DT. S027. a DC, DEEVEELKS 4, OC, BaE LR. 5. OC, BREAK EDERAL 6. OC, BULELK. Mr OC, BRUTE T.6 PSH GRR OPBCBEA< SeUbetA A. Look at Tom's schedule and make sentences, according to the example. Example: 7:00am/#34 > PASAEMIERS EC Beit eta, 72000. | Ex. 3% saw | @) 9BEMS 9200s | (2) BH 1:00ea. | (3) TE 2:00em. |W) RBSKZS 3:00em |G) LL tot, F-7 ERK 5:00rmn |) 4 BISMS : 6:000m. | RARZTEY—LROUAE RNS 8:00rm. | @) BETS — 9:00 pax. ) BABIEAS 10:00pm. | 0) Ret L 00m | dD FSR SBERTS B. Pair Work—Invite the partner to do the following things together. Turn down the invitation and give an explanation using ~&< SP Use. Example: play tennis > ALBLEOM, FaRELERAM Bi brotMSeBvATH. & LERCH (be Ott BOATT. 1. do homework 2. eat lunch 3. drink coffee 4, study in the library 5. go to karaokeC. Answer the following questions. PRBORRCME LEC BEV EELS, BRCHBAUME LEC BOM ERAR, J PODLCRIRMATH. MELE BEM s ELE, EEBRMUICRED. MELE SOURED, BLED TOF PTH. MELE BOUTS EAD PROB MELE BRU ZEL CLAD, oo Fee WBLABNTL &S A. Here is tomorrow's weather forecast (ARFH). Play the role of a meteorologist and tell the weather forecasts for each city. Examples: Tokyo/snow > RRUSLABCL ES. temperature in Tokyo/around 2°C > RROMBI, ORC SWTL II. city weather temperature Tokyo Ex. snow Ex. around 2°C Sydney (@) sunny Q) hot () around 30°C Hong Kong | rain ©) cool © around 18°C Rome @ cloudy (8) warm (9) around 20°C B. Pair Work—Play the role of a meteorologist. Predict the weather for your favorite city. The other person fills in the blanks. Switch roles and do the same thing. city weather temperature0) paso WECOORE A. Using Dialogue I as a model, make skits in the following situations. —Your friend looks sad. —Your friend looks happy. B. Pair Work—A and B are deciding when they can play tennis together. Play the role of A and B. Discuss your schedules and find the day on which both of you are available. Refer to p. 245 for B's schedule. Example: A: RMOA BH IS~MISTS RELA D. Bi RMOARAS s LHS ROA TH. WUSOATH. BHBIEI THA A’s schedule Sunday go shopping Monday ‘Tuesday read books Wednesday ‘Thursday Friday meet friends Saturday C. Role Play—Visiting a Doctor's Office Using Dialogue Il as a model, act the role of a doctor or a patient. Doctor—Fill out the medical report on p. 245 and give advice to the patient. Patient—Describe the symptoms you have and answer the doctor's questions.BOR >) Sex: (Male (Female (Age: | Symptoms: [| Sore throat Oi Headache — Stomachache O Any other pain O Cough CO Fever O Allergy (7 viv) CO Others Pair Work (W) B Example: A: ABO AE SBRELERAM, B AMOARAS 1 oC BEUROK TH. RBERZ EK Be WUEOATH. BRB Chm, B's schedule Sunday Monday teach English Tuesday Wednesday clean rooms, do laundry, etc. ‘Thursday Friday Saturday practice karateSe SCR Health and Illness At the Reception of the Clinic Patient: Receptionist: Patient: Receptionist: Patient: Receptionist: TFHEUEA, MOTRATHIA Excuse me, this is my first visit. (AV. PRIRRES RET (ES, OK. Please show me your health insurance certificate. CORI BM CEPT EBT ( Please fill in your ‘name and address on this paper. CUA ORTHO. What kinds of medicine are these? MALHCHS Bar RATS These are painkillers. Please take one after meals. Ws brrelhe I see. BAe Please take care. Useful Expressions for Illness (4%) and Injuries (142) TACT. T have diarrhea. Tam constipated. I have my period. T have hay fever. 2) 7 Vv A —a* FF. ——I have an allergy to... iat ) St. ——I have a bad tooth. < Le Aaih S $,——I sneeze. Soknen 2, FPPPOOTTH. —_————My back itches. I have a runny nose. BBS) EF. have rashes.‘6 ROR |? Ne bea LET.— | feel dizzy. st & 2 Li, I threw up, FBO CT. am not feeling well. PU Ce LE Lt. I burned myself, RoRen) 2 Le-————- 1 broken lew. WeeLEL T hurt myself. Useful Vocabulary © (Doctor's office) wat physician HA —— dermatologist 2 surgeon BEAR obstetrician and gynecologist 25/0714 —— orthopedic surgeon #4} ————— ophthalmologist at enter Hatt otorhinolaryngologist; ENT doctor © 20th (Miscellaneous) Rew K antibiotic — by he y—X-ray aes ik operation cme injection thermometer