205

205

W
K

??EF?

K?

205

EF

K
W

EF

205

EF

W
W
K100
W

KEF
W
W

Kp-h

K

C6, C7 W

W
J W

K JEF



-1-

6 W

205

EF

W 1-1
1 J1 J1

KE1 J1F

K p-h E1 J1F

1 J1 J1 J1

Multi-Evaporators atthe Same Temperature with Single Compressor

KE2 J1F p-h E2 J1F

ERefrigeration TonF
K24 (0

American Ton=2000 lb

144 BTU/ lb = (0
TR=(1/24)(2000144)=12000 BTU/hour

-2-

CF

CF

205

EF

1 kcal=3.98 BTU

TR=3000 kcal/hour
1 kcal=4.1868 kJ

TR=12500 kJ/hour =3.5 kJ/s =3.5 kW

Refrigeration Capacities

KRC3, RC2, RC1

W J1

3.5 RC1
h1 h4

3.5 RC2
h1 h4

3.5 RC3
h1 h4

m1 =

m2 =

m3 =

KEkWFETRF3.5

W J2

PC = (m1 + m 2 + m 3 )(h2 h1 )

COP =

h h4
Refrigerating effect
= 1
Compressor work
h 2 - h1

W J3

-3-

205

EF

E F

-4-

205

EF

EF
E1 J1F

E F

-5-

205

EF

EF

E2 J1F

2 J1 J1 J1

Multi-Evaporators at the Same Temperature with Multi Compressors

KE3 J1F p-h E3 J1F

Refrigeration Capacities

WKRC2, RC1

-6-

205

EF

W J1

3.5 RC1
h1 h4

3.5 RC2
h1 h4

m1 =

m2 =

W J2

PC1 = m1 (h 2 - h 1 )
W

PC2 = m 2 (h 2 - h1 )
W

PTotal = PC1 + PC2

COP =

3.5(RC1 + RC 2 )
Refrigeration capacities
=
Compressor power
PTotal

W J3

-7-

205

EF

E F

EF
E3 J1F
-8-

205

EF

2 J1 J1

1 J2 J1 J1

Multi-Evaporators at Different Temperatures with Single Compressor

E 4 J1F

Kp-h E4 J1F

W
Refrigeration Capacities

T3 ,T2 ,T1 RC3, RC2, RC1

W

W J1

3.5 RC1
h9 h6

3.5 RC2
h8 h5

3.5 RC3
h7 h4

m1 =

m2 =

m3 =

W J2

K(x)
-9-

205

EF

m1 h9 + m2 h11 + m3 h10 = (m1 + m2 + m3 )hx

Whx

hx =

m 1 h9 + m

h11 + m 3 h10

m1+ m 2 + m 3

PC = (m1 + m 2 + m 3 )(h2 hx )

COP =

3.5(RC1 + RC 2 + RC 3 )
Refrigeration capacities
=
Compressor power
PC

W J3

- 10 -

205

EF

E F

EF

E4 J1F

- 11 -

205

EF

WE1 J1F

E5 J1F
WKR12(35

C)

K J

K J

W
W J

Wp-h

h3=h4=h5=h6= 234.1 kJ/kg

h7= h10= 357.2 kJ/kg

h8= h11= 352.8 kJ/kg
h9= 348.3 kJ/kg , hx, h2 =?

h W
. h

3.5 RC1
3.5 10
=
= 0.306 kg/s
h9 h6
348.3 234.1

3.5 RC2
3.5 20
m2 =
=
= 0.59 kg/s
352.8 234.1
h8 h5

3.5 RC3
3.5 10
=
= 0.284 kg/s
m3 =
357.2 234.1
h7 h4

m1 =

Whx

m1 h9 + m 2 h11 + m 3 h10 = (m1 + m 2 + m 3 )hx

hx =

m1 h9 + m 2 h11 + m 3 h10

m1 + m 2 + m 3

0.306 348.3 + 0.59 352.8 + 0.284 357.2

= 352.7 kJ/kg
0.306 + 0.59 + 0.284

h2=378 kJ/kg
- 12 -

205

EF

PC = (m1 + m 2 + m 3 )(h2 hx ) = (0.306 + 0.59 + 0.284)(378 352.7) = 29.85 kW

COP =

W J

3.5( RC1 + RC2 + RC3 ) 3.5(10 + 20 + 10)

= 4.69
=
29.85
PC

E)
p

pc
pe3
pe2
pe1

3
4

x
11 10

EF
E1 J1F E5 J1F
- 13 -

205

EF

2 J2 J1 J1

Multi-Evaporators at Different Temperatures with Multi Compressors

E 6 J1F

Kp-h E6 J1F

W
Refrigeration Capacities

T2 ,T1 RC2, RC1

W

W J1

3.5 RC1
h1 h7

3.5 RC2
h3 h6

m1 =

m2 =

W J2

PC1 = m1 ( h2 h1 )
W

- 14 -

205

EF

(x)

WK

m1 h2 + m 2 h3 = ( m1 + m 2 ) hx

Whx

hx =

m 1 h 2 + m 2 h3

m1+ m 2
W

PC 2 = (m1 + m 2 )(h4 hx )

=Pc1+Pc2

Total

COP =

W J3

3 .5( RC 1 + RC 2 )
pTotal

- 15 -

205

EF

EF

EF
E6 J1F
- 16 -

205

EF

WE2 J1F

WKR134aE7 J1F
K J

K J

W
W J

pe2=415.25 kPa E10

pe1=201.22 kPa E-10

pc
p
= e2
pe2
p e1

Wp-h

CF

CF

p
(415.25) = 856.94
pc = e 2 =
kPa
pe1
201.22
h1=h4=h7= 96.92 kJ/kg
h2=241.35 kJ/kg, h5=252.92 kJ/kg, h3=256.1 kJ/kg, hx, h6 =?
2

h W
. h

m1 =

m2 =

3.5 RC1
3.5 10
= 0.242 kg/s
=
h2 h1
241.35 96.92

3.5 RC 2
3.5 20
=
= 0.449 kg/s
252.92 96.92
h5 h4

Whx

- 17 -

205

EF

m1 h3 + m 2 h5 = ( m1 + m 2 ) hx

hx =

m1 h3 + m 2 h5

0.242 256.1 + 0.449 252.92

= 254.03kJ/kg
0.242 + 0.449

m1 + m 2
h6=270.05 kJ/kg (Sx=S6)

PC1 = m1 ( h3 h2 ) = 0.242 ( 256 .1 241 .35) = 3.57 kW

PC 2 = ( m1 + m 2 )( h6 hx ) = (0.242 + 0.449 )( 270 .05 254 .03) = 11.07 kW

PTotal = PC1 + PC 2 = 3.57 + 11.07 = 14.64 kW

W J

COP = 3.5( RC1 + RC 2 ) = 3.5(10 + 20) = 7.17

PTotal

14.64

E F

- 18 -

205

EF

pc

pe2
pe1

EF
E2 J1FE7 J1F

- 19 -

205

EF

W2 J1
W1 J2 J1
E 8 J1F

Kp-h E8 J1F

W
Refrigeration Capacities

K
T2 ,T1 RC2, RC1
W

W J1

3.5 x RC1
h1 h7

3.5 x RC

m1 =

2
m2 = h h
3
6

W J2

PC 1 = m 1( h2 h1 )

PC 2 = ( m 1 + m 2 )( h 4 h3 )
W
PTotal=PC1+PC2

- 20 -

205

EF

COP =

W J3

3.5( RC1 + RC 2 )
PTotal

E F

- 21 -

205

EF

EF

E8 J1F

- 22 -

205

EF

W2 J2 J1

E5-6F E9 J1F

(pe) (pI) E7-8F (pI) (pc)

E3-4F E1-2F
K(Flash Intercooler)

WFlash Intercooler

KE7FE3F J1
E2-3F J2
KE6-3F

pI pc
=
, pI = pcpe
pe pI

- 23 -

205

EF

W m1 J1

m1 =

Q evaporator

Refrigerating Capacity
=
Refrigerating Effect
h1 h8

W m 2 J2

m1 h2 + m 2 h6 = m 2 h3 + m1 h7

p-h

h2 h7
m
2 = m1

h3 h6

W m 2 m1

W J3

PC 1 = m 1( h2 h1 )
W

PC 2 = m 2 ( h4 h3 )
P

P +PC2

Total= C1

- 24 -

205

EF

W J4

COP =

Q evaporator
Refrigerating Capacity
=
PTotal
Total Compressor Power

EF

- 25 -

205

EF

EF
E9 J1F

- 26 -

205

EF

WE3 J1F

E10 J1F

WK(35 C)
K J

K J

J
K

W
W J

Wp-h

pe=152 kPa
pc=1352 kPa

E-25 CF

E35 CF

pc
pI
=
pI
pe
pI =

p e p c = (152 )(1352 ) = 453 kPa

h1=1430 kJ/kg
h2=1573 kJ/kg
h3=1463 kJ/kg
h4=1620 kJ/kg
h5=h6=366 kJ/kg
h7=h8=202 kJ/kg

- 27 -

205

EF

h W
. h

m1 =

RC
h1 h8

250
= 0.204 kg/s
1430 202

m 2

m 2 h6 + m1 h2 = m 2 h3 + m1 h7

h h

m 2 = m1 h2 h7
3

= 0.204

202 1573
= 0.255 kg/s
366 1463

PC1 = m1 ( h2 h1 ) = 0.204(1573 1430 ) = 29.2 kW

PC 2 = m 2 (h4 h3 ) = 0.255(1620 1463) = 40.0 kW

PTotal = PC1 + PC 2 = 29.2 + 40.0 = 69.2 kW

W J
COP =

RC
PTotal

250
= 3.61
69.2

. -
W

Wp-h
h1=1430 kJ/kg
h2=1765 kJ/kg
h3= h4=366 kJ/kg
- 28 -

205

EF

W
RC

m =

h1 h4

250
= 0.235 kg/s
1430 366

PC = m ( h2 h1 ) = 0.235(1765 1430 ) = 78.7 kW

.
W
COP =

RC
PC

250
= 3.18
78.7

EF
- 29 -

205

EF

EF

E3 J1F E10 J1F

- 30 -

205

EF

W3 J2 J1

Flash

E11 J1FE2-3F EIntercooler)

K

W m1 J1

m1 =

Refrigerating Capacity Q evaporator

=
Refrigerating Effect
h1 h9

W m 2 J2

m1 h2 + m 2 h7 = m 2 h4 + m1 h8 + Q Water

- 31 -

205

EF

KQwater
p-h

m1 K

W m 2

m2 =

m1 (h8 h2 ) + Q water
h7 h4
W J3

PC 1 = m 1( h2 h1 )
W

PC 2 = m 2 ( h5 h4 )
W

PTotal=PC1+PC2

W J4

Q evaporator
Refrigerating Capacity
COP =
=
Total Compressor Power
PTotal

- 32 -

205

EF

EF

EF
E11 J1F
- 33 -

205

EF

1

1 J1

2 J1

KW3 J1

.45CE1 J1F4 J1

.R-22E2 J1F5 J1
.50CE3 J1F6 J1

- 34 -

EF

205

EF

W

W
K100
W

W
W
K

C6, C7 W

W
J W

K JEF

6W
- 38 -

205

EF

J1 J2

KE1 J2F

E1 J2F
- 39 -

205

EF

J K

K
K

E2 J2F

KASHRAE

E2 J2F

- 40 -

205

EF

E F Frost

K K

K
K

W2 J2

W
K

J1

W (Pump Down) J2

K
K J3
K

J4

J5
K
J6
K
- 41 -

205

EF

F J7
KE
K J8
Electric Defrosting 1 J2 J2
KE3 J2F

K
K

K
KE4F
KE5F

E3 J2F
- 42 -

205

EF

Hot Gas Defrosting2 J2 J2

EF

{EBy Pass Line F

E4 J2FK

Solenoid Valve

K
K

{ W

- 43 -

205

EF

E4 J2F

Water Defrosting3 J2 J2

E-40

C)

KBrine Solution Antifreeze

K Cycle off

KE5 J2F
Heater K

KTape

- 44 -

205

EF

Louvers K
K

K

E5 J2F

K
K

- 45 -

205

EF

Reverse Cycle Defrosting4 J2 J2

E 6 J2F

EF Four Way Valve

EF

KE6 J2FK

EF EF
KE6 J2FK

E6 J2F

- 46 -

205

EF

3 J2

EF

4 J2
W

J1

J2

K
K

J3

L 180 J100
KL800 J600
- 47 -

205

EF

2

1-2

K 2-2

(Pump Down) 3-2

K 4 J2

5 J2
6 J2

K7 J2

K 8-2

- 48 -

205

EF

W

W
K100

W
W

K
K

K
K

KEF

- 49 -

205

EF

C6, C7 W

W
J W

K JEF

8W

1 J3

Positive Displacement Compressors J1

Reciprocating Compressors
W Rotary Compressors

Vane Compressors J

ScrollCompressors J
Screw Compressors J

- 50 -

205

EF

Dynamic Compressors J2

K Centrifugal Force {


Reciprocating Compressors 2 J3

E1 J3F
K EF

EF

K Bottom Dead Point Top Dead Point

KEF

KE2 J3F

90-250 TR

K Single or Double Acting

- 51 -

205

EF

E1 J3F

E2 J3F
EFEF
- 52 -

205

EF

Hermetic Compressors1 J2 J3

E3 J3F

K EF

Muffler
K

K 50 rps20 rps

Semi Hermetic Compressors2 J2 J3

E4 J3F

- 53 -

205

EF

E3 J3F

E4 J3F

- 54 -

205

EF

Open Compressors3 J2 J3

E5 J3F

Crank K

K Shaft

E5 J3F

Direct Drive

KFlexible Coupling
Indirect Drive

- 55 -

205

EF

Cylinders4 J2 J3
K

In-line

K W V

E6 J3F K
KV

VE6 J3F

- 56 -

205

EF

Pistons 5 J2 J3

K Double Trunk

Piston RingsE7 J3F

K
K 50 mm
K

KE8 J3FK

E7 J3F

- 57 -

205

EF

E8 J3F

Suction and Discharge (Delivery) Valves 6 J2 J3

K
K

- 58 -

205

EF

7 J2 J3

W1 J7 J2 J3

J3FE3F{

P2Vc KE9
E4F
W

Vol =

ActualVolume V1 V4
=
StrokeVolume V1 V3

WActual Volume
WStroke Volume

vol =

V1 V3 + V3 V4
V3
V4
= 1+

V1 V3
V1 V3 V1 V3

(3 , 4)
P3V3n = P4 V4n

JK
1

Vol

P n
= 1 + C C 2
P1

- 59 -

205

EF

Vs VcWC
Polytropic IndexWn

W P2/P1

vact = vol

p1 T2
p 2 T1

Wvact

JE9 J3F

- 60 -

205

EF

J
KE J JFE10 J3F

JE10 J3F
p 2 v 2 p1v1
+ p 2 v 2 p1v1
n 1
p v
n
Work done =
(p1v1 ) 2 2 1
n 1
p1v1

Work done =

n 1

n
p

2
Work done =
(p1v1 ) 1
p

n 1
1

W
Power = Refrigeran t mass flow rate Work done

Power =

n
& ref
m
n 1

n 1

p2 n

(p1v1 ) 1
p

- 61 -

205

EF

Power =

n
& ref
m
n 1

n 1

p2 n

RT1 1

p
1

(K)WT1

WWR
R =

Ru
M

8.315 kJ/(kg.mole)(K)WRu

EkgFWM
WE1 J3F

4 bar 1 bar

1.4 28.97kg 25 C
K0.6 kg/s

W
Power =

n
& ref
m
n 1

n 1

p
RT1 2 1
p

1.4 1

1.4
4
8.315
1 .4

Power =
1 = 87.39kW
(25 + 273)
( 0 .6 )
1

28.97
1 .4 1

- 62 -

205

EF

8 J2 J3

W
J1
J2
J3
J4

KE 11 J3F

KE11 J3F

E11 J3F
- 63 -

205

EF

Rotary Compressors3 J3

K
K

EF J1
J2

1 J3 J3

EF E12 J3F

A B

EF

KE13 J3F K

- 64 -

205

EF

E12 J3F

- 65 -

205

EF

E13 J3F

Vane Type Rotary Compressor 2 J3 J3

E14 J3F

K
KEF
- 66 -

205

EF

K
K

1:7

R134aR12
K4 kW

R134a R22 R12

K -87oC
K

VD =

D2L

N
( m3/s )
60

(m) WD

(m) WL

WN

- 67 -

205

EF

WE2 J3F

KL/D=1.4 0.0538 m3/s

.3000 rpmD, L

VD =

N
60

D2L

0.0538 =

D 2 1.4 D

3000
= 54.97 D 3
60

4
0.0538
D = 3 54.97 = 0.099m 0.1m = 100mm
L = 1.4 D = 1.4 0.1 = 0.14m = 140mm

- 68 -

205

EF

E14 J3F
EFEF

Screw Compressors3 J3 J3

E15 J3F

EF (Lobes) EF
- 69 -

205

EF

K (Grooves)

K
K

E16 J3F K

KE17 J3F

KE18 J3F

EFE15 J3F
- 70 -

205

EF

E16 J3F

E17 J3F

- 71 -

205

EF

EFE18 J3F
Scroll Compressors4 J3

180 Orbiting Fixed

E19 J3F KOrbit
E20 J3F

- 72 -

205

EF

E19 J3F

E20 J3F

- 73 -

205

EF

Centrifugal Compressors5 J3
Impeller
K E21 J3F

KE22 J3F

EF

K
K EF

- 74 -

205

EF

E21 J3F

E22 J3F
- 75 -

205

EF

(35-10000 TR)

(3000-18000 rpm)

K R11, R12, R22, R113, R500, R134a

E70-80) %

K
Labyrinth

KE23 J3F
K

KE24 J3F

- 76 -

205

EF

E23 J3F

E24 J3F
- 77 -

205

EF

6 J3

K
KE25 J3F
Relief

K Valve
K

E25 J3F
- 78 -

205

EF

W1 J6 J3

K
W

J1
KK
K J2
J3
K
K J4
K J5
KEF J6
K J7
K J8

K
K

- 79 -

205

EF

W7 J3
K
KEF
K

WE3 J3F
K 40oC 4oC R22
K80% 45 TR
K15oC

W
WR-22

Te = 4+273 = 277 K

Tc =40+273 =313 K
T1=15+273 = 288 K
h1=285 kJ/kg
h3=h4=127.7 kJ/kg

Q e = m R (h 1 - h 4 ) = 3.5 45

Qe
3.5 45
mR =
=
= 1.001kg / s
h1 h4 285127.7

- 80 -

205

EF

WE1F(p-h)

v1=0.043 m3/kg

vol

m R v1
=
VD

VD =

mR v1

vol

1.001 0.043
= 0.0538m3 / s
0.8

- 81 -

205

EF

3

1 J3
2 J3
K 3 J3
K4 J3
5 J3
K6 J3
K7 J3
K1.2E2 J3F8 J3
K50CR-134aE3 J3F9 J3

- 82 -

EF

205

EF

W

W
K100

W
K

W

K

K
K

K
K

C6, C7W

W
J W

K JEF
2
- 83 -

205

EF

1 J4

K

K
KE1 J4F

E1 J4F

WEF 1-1-4

E F
m=

Qc
Qc
T =
c T
mc

- 84 -

205

EF

Wm
WQc

Wc

:T

Btu/Ib oF
0.24

kJ/kg oC
1.005

1.0

4.2

Qc
T
Q
T = c
m

m=

Qc
0.24 x T
Qc
T =
0.24 x m

m=

WcfmLgpmL
- 85 -

205

EF

gpm =

Qc
500 T

cfm =

Qc
1.08 T

WE1 J4F

150000 Btu/hr

L10F

gpm =

Qc
150000
=
= 30
500 T 500x10

WE2 J4F

17 120000 Btu/hr

T =

Qc
120000
=
= 14.118 F
500gpm 500 17

WE3 J4F

36

Btu/hr12F

- 86 -

205

EF

Q c = 500. gpm.T = 500 x 36 x12 = 216000 Btu/hr

W2 J4

Air Cooled Condensers J1

Water Cooled Condensers J2
Evaporative Condensers J3
1

J2 J4

E 2 J4FK

2 J4FEF

KE

K
K

- 87 -

205

EF

E F

EF
E2 J4F
EFEF

- 88 -

205

EF

W1 J1 J2 J4

KE3 J4F ? ?
K

E3 J4F

- 89 -

205

EF

2-1-2-4

KE4 J4F

E4 J4F

- 90 -

205

EF

KK

K 500 Lair/s/TRK

K
K

1 TR

K200 TR
K
K

K(2.5-5 m/s)
W

3-1-2-4

Air Velocity (fpm) =

Air Quantity (cfm)

Face Area (ft 2 )

Air Velocity (mpm) =

Air Quantity (cmm)

Face Area (m 2 )
- 91 -

205

EF

4-1-2-4

(kW) K

(Temperature Difference TD)

K

Correction Factor C.F TD

W

W2 J2 J4

(1 kW)

K
K

KE5 J4F

KE3FK0.1 Lwater /s/TR

- 92 -

205

EF

E5 J4F

3F K0.2 Lwater /s/T.RKE6 J4F

KE

E6 J4F
- 93 -

205

EF

KE7 J4F

E7 J4F

EF

EF

WFouling Factor1 J2 J2 J4

K
KE0.001 m2 oC/W)
- 94 -

205

EF

W2 J2 J2 J4
W

K
K

1 J2 J2 J2 J4
E8 J4F

K
K

- 95 -

205

EF

E8 J4F

2 J2 J2 J2 J4
K E9 J4F

K
K10 TR

- 96 -

205

EF

E9 J4F

Shell and TubesCondenser 3 J2 J2 J2 J4

KE10 J4FK

KK

K
K 2 TR
(1-8)K

- 97 -

205

EF

E10 J4F

W3 J2 J2 J4

EF

W2.5 m/s

3 J2 J4

K

KE11 J4F
K

KK

KK
- 98 -

205

EF

J1

J2

J3

K
K
K

K E F
K

K
KK

{K200 TR

KK

K4%

- 99 -

205

EF

E11 J4F
W3 J4

KER11F
W

K
K
(Purging)

.
- 100 -

205

EF

WE4 J4F

Refrigeration Capacity= 5 TR

Compressor Power= 9kW

Q c = Refrigeration Capacity + Compressor Power = (5 3.5) + 9 = 26.5 kW

- 101 -

205

EF

K1 J4

2 J4

K3 J4

4 J4

5-4
K 6-4

121500 Btu/hr7 J4
L25F

{ 30008 J4
64800 Btu/hr

9 J4
K8.1 kW4.9 TR

4.355000 Btu/hr10 J4

- 102 -

E
F

205

EF

W
K100

W
K

W
KK

K

W
W

K
K
K

KEF

K

C6, C7 W

WW
KEF

4 W
- 105 -

205

EF

Methods of Refrigerant Feed to Evaporators1 J5

Dry Expansion Evaporator 1 J1 J5

DX

KE1 J5F

K
K

K
K

E1 J5F
- 106 -

205

EF

Flooded Evaporator2 J1 J5

KE2 J5F

E F

E2 J5F

- 107 -

205

EF

Overfeed Evaporators 3 J1 J5

E3 J5F

K
K

E3 J5F

- 108 -

205

EF

Air Cooled Evaporators2 J5

J1
J2
J3

K
K

1 J2 J5

KE4 J5F

- 109 -

205

EF

E4 J5F

W2 J2 J5

KE6 J5FE5 J5F

K
E7 J5F K

- 110 -

205

EF

E5 J5F

E6 J5F

- 111 -

205

EF

E7 J5F

3 J2 J5

E8 J5F

E2-25 mmFK

- 112 -

205

EF

E8 J5F

3 J5

E F W

TDEF
K

TD TD

K
E F

K TD
K

KK

- 113 -

205

EF

W
J1
J2
4 J5

E9 J5F

K
K

K
K

E9 J5F
- 114 -

205

EF

5 J5

E 10 J5F J E10 J5F

KE 10 J5F

K
1.5 m/s K

1.5-3.5 m/s

K10 m/s

E F

EF

E10 J5F
EFEF
- 115 -

205

EF

Chillers6 J5

K
W

W1 J6 J5

KKE11 J5F

K
K

E11 J5F

- 116 -

205

EF

W2 J6 J5

KE12 J5F

K 0.5-0.75 m/s

E12 J5F

- 117 -

205

EF

3 J6 J5

E13 J5F

K K

KK

E13 J5F

W4 J6 J5

E14 J5F
K
K

KKE14 J5F

- 118 -

205

EF

2-25 TR
K10 TR

E14 J5F

EF

W5 J6 J5

EF
KE15 J5F

E 16 J5F

K K

KE16 J5F

- 119 -

205

EF

Self-Contained K
K

E15 J5F

- 120 -

205

EF

E16 J5F

EFEF


W6 J6 J5
E18 J5FE17 J5F

KK

- 121 -

205

EF

KEF

K642K

E17 J5F

- 122 -

205

EF

E18 J5F

- 123 -

205

EF

W7 J5

KSelf-Contained
K

WE1 J5F

20CK 5C

K LMTD K10C

W
T1 = 20 5 = 15
T2 = 10 5 = 5
LMTD =

T1 T2 15 5
=
= 9.10
T1
15
ln
ln
5
T2

- 124 -

205

EF

WE2 J5F

10C 4C

K 15C 32C
K

T1 = 34 4 = 28
T2 = 15 10 = 5
LMTD =

T1 T2 28 5
=
= 13.35
T1
28
ln
ln
5
T2

- 125 -

205

EF

T1 = 32 10 = 22
T1 = 15 4 = 11
LMTD =

T1 T2 22 11
=
= 15.87
T1
22
ln
ln
11
T2

- 126 -

205

EF

5
K1 J5

KW2 J5

K3 J5

K4 J5

K5 J5

6-5
KEF 7-5

8-5

63F { 40F 9-5

LMTD K 50F
K

50F 40F 10-5

K60F 80F
KLMTD
K7 J5

- 127 -

EF

205

EF

W

K100

K W

W

K
K

K

W
W

K
K

C6, C7W

W
J W

KEF

2 W

- 131 -

205

EF

W1 J6
K E1 J6F

K
K

(Generator)

K(Pump) (Absorber)
K

E1 J6F

- 132 -

205

EF

K
K

W2 J6

W
COP =

QE
Q G + WP

WQG >>WP
COP =

QE
QG

EkWFEF:QE
EkW):QG
- 133 -

205

EF

EkW)WWP

W
COPmax =

T1
T3

T3 T2

T2 T1

:COPmax
EK):T1

EK)WT2

EK) :T3

- 134 -

T3 > T2 > T1

205

EF

WE1 J6F

100 C

KK -10oC20oC

COPmax =

T1
T3

T3 T2

T2 T1

T3= 100+273 = 373 K

T2= 20 +273 = 293 K
T1= -10 +273 = 263 K

COPmax =

W
T3 > T2 > T1

263 373 293

= 1.88
373 293 263

- 135 -

205

EF

K1 J6

K2 J6

K3 J6

- 136 -

205

EF

205

EF

205

EF

205

EF

205

EF

Absorber

Actual volume

Air cooled condensers

Air cooled evaporators

Air quantity

Antifreeze

ASHRAE

Bottom dead point

Brine solution

By pass line

Centrifugal compressors

Centrifugal force

Compressor

Compressor power

Compressor work

Condenser

Constant

Correction factor

Crank shaft

Cycle off

Cylinder

Direct drive
Double trunk

205

EF

Dry expansion evaporator

Dynamic compressors

Electric defrosting

Evaporative condensers

Evaporator

Expansion valve

Face area

Flash intercooler

Flexible coupling

Flooded evaporator

Fouling factor

Four way valve

Frost

Generator

Grooves
Heater tape

Hermetic compressors

Hot gas defrosting

Impeller

In-line

Indirect drive

Labyrinth

Lobes

Louvers

Muffler

205

EF

Open compressors

Overfeed evaporators
Piston

Piston rings

Polytropic index

Positive displacement compressors

Power

Pump

Pump down

Purging

Reciprocating compressors

Refrigerant mass flow rate

Refrigerating effect

Refrigeration capacity

Refrigeration ton

Relief valve

Reverse cycle defrosting

Rotary compressors

Screw compressors

Scroll compressors

Self-contained

Semi hermetic compressors

Shell and tubes condenser

Single or double acting

Solenoid valve

Stroke volume

Suction and discharge (delivery) valves

205

EF

Teperature difference

Top dead point

Vane type rotary compressors
Water cooled condensers

V
W

Water defrosting

Work done

205

EF

WW

1- Althouse, Turnquist & Bracciano, Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, G-W
Publisher.
2- Arora S. C. & Domkundwar, A Course in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, India.
3- ASHRAE, Volumes of Systems and Equipment.
4- Roy J. Dossat, Principles of Refrigeration, Prentice Hall
5- Stoecker W. F. & Jones J. W. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Mc Graw-Hill

International.

WW

J J KK J1
K1997

K1989 J JKK J2

J K J K J K K J3
K1988 J J

{ J JKK J4
K1994{

{ J JKK

J5

K1993{

.Carrier

J6

205

EF

1 J1

1 J1 J1

1 J1 J1 J1

2 J1 J1 J1

2 J1 J1

1 J2 J1 J1

13

2 J2 J1 J1

18

18

2 J1
1 J2 J1

20

2 J2 J1

26

3 J2 J1

29

30

31

1 J2

32

2 J2
1 J2 J2
33

34
35
36

205

EF

2 J2 J2
3 J2 J2
4 J2 J2

37

3 J2

38

4 J2

39

40

41

41

1 J3
2 J3

43

1 J2 J3

43

2 J2 J3

44

3 J2 J3

45

4 J2 J3

46

5 J2 J3

47

6 J2 J3

48

7 J2 J3

48

1 J7 J2 J3

51

8 J2 J3

52

3 J3

52

1 J3 J3

54

2 J3 J3

56

205

EF

3 J3 J3

59

4 J3

61

5 J3

64

6 J3

65

1 J6 J3

66

7 J3

68

69

70

1 J4

70

EF1 J1 J4

72

2 J4

72

1 J2 J4

74

1 J1 J2 J4

74

2 J1 J2 J4

76

3 J1 J2 J4

76

4 J1 J2 J4

76
78
79
79
80

2 J2 J4

1 J2 J2 J4

2 J2 J2 J4
1 J2 J2 J2 J4
2 J2 J2 J2 J4

80

205

EF

3 J2 J2 J2 J4

81

81

3 J2 J4

83

3 J2 J2 J4

3 J2 J2 J4

85

80

87
87
88

1 J5
1 J1 J5
2 J1 J5

88

3 J1 J5

89

2 J5

89

1 J2 J5

90

2 J2 J5

91

3 J2 J5

92

3 J5

93

4 J5

94

5 J5

95

6 J5

95

1 J6 J5

95

2 J6 J5

96

3 J6 J5

205

EF

97

4 J6 J5

97

5 J6 J5

99

6 J6 J5

101

7 J5

104

105

106
107

1 J6

2 J6

109

110

114

117