papers Which of the following statements about a thermionic diode is/are true? (1) The saturation current depends on the pd. between the anode and the cathode, (2) Asmall leakage current flows in a reverse-biased circuit. (2) Athermionic diode can be used to rectify an a.c. producing a pulsating uni-directional current, A (only B. @)only (1) and (2) only D. (2)and (3) only ‘thermionic diode is operated at 100 V and the current through it is 30 mA. How many electrons reach the anode in one second? Take e = 1.6 x 10C, A 19x10" B 30x10" 94x10" D. 19x10" -165- ‘vacuum tube A thermionic diode is connected in series with a variable resistor R to a 12V power supply as shown in (a). The graph in (b) shows the characteristic variation of the current I with the pd. V across the electrodes of the diode. What is the maximum value of R that can keep the diode saturate? Assume that the power supply has negligible internal resistance. A. zero B 8a c 8K D. 12kQ Electronicsei Otherwise, V,, is about +0.5 V. output is connected across a CRO. expect to find on the screen of the CRO? The graph in (a) shows the input-output characteristics of an electronic device X. When the input voltage V,, is less than 1.0 V, the output voltage Vj, is always at +6.0V. Now, the input to X is a sinusoidal a.c, of peak voltage 2.0V, as shown in (b), and the ‘Which one of the following traces would you -167- UO gets ElectronicsThe graph in (a) shows the variation of current I with the p.d. V across a certain electronic device. The diagram in (b) represents a series combination of the device with a theostat R joined to a 10V power supply. v Define Z=~, where Vis the p.d. across the electronic device and I is the current flowing through it Which of the following statements about the value of Z of the electronic device connected in circuit (b) is/are true? -169- JST) chro getisns 10. (1) Zincreases as R increases from 19 to 52. (2) Zisa constant value for R greater than 52. Zs zero when the p.d. across the electronic device is 5 V. A. (only B G)only (2) and (2) only D. )and (3) only ov ser interna A zener diode, which conducts when the reverse biased p.d. is greater than 20V, is connected with two 1.0kQ resistors to a 60 power supply as shown above. What are (a) the magnitude and (b) the direction of the current flowing through the zener diode? magnitude direction A 200 3. 20mA upward © 20ma downward D. 40mA upward Blectronics3. varying voltage 7 @ vw 10) ' ° mm T | +10 } A zener diode, which conducts when the p.d, is either greater than +0.5 V or less than SV, is connected in series with a resistor R toa varying voltage supply V as shown in (2) The applied p.d. changes from +10V to -10V in a time interval of T as shown in (b). Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of current with time t? A 1 (ebay oi) -m- u UO a gictisin Oo 7! op Na Which of the following statements about @ +ype semiconductor islare true? A piece of p-type semiconductor (1) _ has a resultant positive charge, (2) _ has positive charge carriers. (8) is doped with trivalent impurity atoms (Le. atoms with 3 outer-shell electrons). A. (only B. Qjonly © (I) and (2) only D. @)and(3) only Electronicsxt }— » - smoothing Yu circuit Von y—| von oo + A pulsating uni-directional voltage is applied across the input XY of a smoothing circuit. A steady dc. is obtained at the output PQ, as shown above. Which one of the following diagrams is a possible circuit diagram for the smoothing circuit? oo on nee _L., tL. -173- COU OT CLS x : I: —_| FF ’ x P => ° ,—) 18 Which of the following statements about a smoothing circuit is/are true? a) @ 8 poe> The product, CR, of the reservoir capacitor C and the load resistance R should be greater than the half cycle 1 eiod ofthe ace. cR>—L, where ps af Fis the frequency of the a.c. The smoothing choke (inductor) has a high impedance for a.c. ‘The value of the p.d. output from the smoothing filter is exactly equal to the peak value of the a.c. before rectification. (1) only G) only (0) and (2) only (2) and (3) only Electronicswe SAE Stren agiietisns i 2. 22, —— +6v 22k I si oh] 4a He y 1sy HH " nt ‘The diagram above shows a transistor which In the circuit shown, when the transistor is does not conduct unless the p.d. Var between conducting the p.d. Vjy between the base and base and emitter is greater than 0.5 V. the emitter is 0.7 V. Assume that the current amplification factor of the transistor is 100. What are (a) the maximum input voltage Vi, 7 for the transistor to stay in the cut-off state What is the collector current 1,? and (b) the cut-off output voltage Ven? Ao J Vn Vo BL 18mA = A 0 6v } © 20mA B OSV less than 6 V D. 33mA c 0SV 6v D. o5v more than 6V -175- Blectronics(Questions 25 to 26 When the transistor in the circuit below is conducting, the p.d. Vip between the base and the emitter is 0.7V. The current amplification factor of the transistor is 200. 25. The transistor is said to be suitably biased fe inc angina, =o, fo=a0V. cane he ao of Bn pavers codon a sin B. 27kQ cin D. 100kQ 2 Wit te agen =U orn Aas -7- 27. SHOT Ag CLsiis In the above transistor circuit, the voltage across the base and emitter is 0.7 V-when ‘the transistor conducts. The current amplification factor of the transistor is 120. If the output voltage Viy is 4 V, what is the value of R? A 106K0 B 321x10°0 636% 10° D. 127x10°'2 ElectronicsA Mow « 20 s ‘ ian ° > A Pou oof 4s 29 Is ° A Fone “4 3 1 (iy iy ° > 7 7 2 4 -179- ‘An npn transistor is operated as a linear voltage amplifier and the output voltage is displayed on a CRO screen as shown in (b). What changes will occur when R, is slightly decreased ? Ve A. decreases B. increases C increases D. decreases Vp increases decreases increases decreases Electronics33. STi ori giictisns The diagram above shows a circuit which includes’ an npn transistor of current amplification factor B. Assuming thet the transistor lies in the linear region, which of the following equations is/are true? () Vy UR + Ver TR, + Veg A (only B. G)only © G)and (2) only D. (@) and @) only -181- The circuit above represents a device which gives an audible warning of a sudden fall in illumination, The resistance of the light dependent resistor, LDR, is 1.0kQ in daylight and is higher in darkness. The current amplification factor of the transistor is 100. When the transistor is conducting, the p.d. Vyp between, the base and the emitter is 0.7V. The electronic speaker starts to sound when the current exceeds 10 mA. What is the minimum value of R if the speaker is just NOT sounding in daylight? A 109 B. 2002 c 253kQ D. 50kSO SAE oriegietisnn A ata Al ing 3 pn ; ' IN T ar 3 aul Byte oA 3 ° > © 7 Fa Vy tavering Uy ‘ ; 2 3 5 ' 0 > 2 7 7 powiavering “ “ inet ® Dg ha ‘The circuit in (illustrates the aplication of 3 ‘an operational amplifier as a voltage 5 ao comparator. The time variations of the 7 F inverting and non-inverting input voltages 3 are depicted in (b). Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of p.d. Vjy at the output with time 2 -188- Electronicswe SOS Ech oriagnietisin i 4. A Alan 2 ° > B Aloo ° > c Ale ° > i D. Atal, ° > Circuit in (a) is @ summing amplifier. Graphs 1 in (b) and (c) represent the time variations of the input voltages V, and V, with time t respectively. Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of output voltage Vag with £7 -185- ElectronicsSL chr eragnetisns | wo rc |_ 2 | B | walle 1 L In the above circuit, the zener diode provides 2 constant pd. of 3.0V across the input of a negative feedback amplifier circuit, What are (a) the current through the zener diode and (b) the current through the load resistor R? (a) {b) A 02mA 0.2mA BL O2mA 0.6 mA © 0Sma 02 ma D. OSmA 0.6 ma -187- ‘When the negative feedback amplifier circuit above saturates, the p.d. Vay output is either 8.0V or -80V. A sinusoidal ac. of peak voltage 0.5V is fed into the circuit at the input. Which one of the following pairs of R, and R best gives rise to a "square wave" as output? R & A 1000 1a B10 20K © 2Ka 100k D. 1019 150x0 Electronics2S becliomugnetisn 51. 30ko poo 10K 10K P| ] now 0K ¥ In the above operational amplifier circuit, ‘what is the output voltage V4? The figure shows an operational amplifier circuit. When V, = 3V and V, = 1 V, what is (Hint: You may assume that the op amp the potential at P? draws very little current from the series combination of the 100 {2 resistors.) A ov B. 05V A 0sVv © 20v Biv Dd. 2sv © av ; D. -05V 1 | i | 5 =189- Electronicswer vat The diagram above shows a negative ang feedback amplifier with non-inverting input. of Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of Vay, with V,,? A B ing 1 o DSTO tag HlectronicsSOUT esi = be _ 58 In the above diagram, PQ is a uniform resistance wire of length one metre, The slider can move freely between P and Q. The distance between the slider and P is x. Which one of the following equations [i correctly gives the ratio Yet. Vu nas Ys, 2 © Yet Vy I-x >. -193- In the operational amplifier cireuit shown, the feedback is provided by a potentiometer FQ. Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) The output voltage of amplifier is zero when the sliding contact is at P. (2) Vise = Vq When the sliding contact is at (3) The gain of the amplifier is independent of the resistance value of the potentiometer PQ, A (1)only B. (only (1) and @2) only D. @}and (3) only ElectronicsVou ve | In the diagram shown, a capacitor of capacitance 10 uF is constructed from two Parallel metal plates, P and Q, which contain equal and opposite amount of charges, P is connected at the non-inverting input of an operational amplifier, ‘What is the amount of charges on P if the voltmeter reading is +1.6V? A -40x10%C B -2x10%C c 432x10%¢ D. +40 10%C =195- assource Ss gauze Im the above diagram, an a-source fs placed over an jonization chamber. A saturation current 1 flows through resistor R of resistance 10° Q when the p.d. between the electrodes is 60 V. ‘The voltage across R is then measured by a non-inverting amplifier circuit. A voltmeter V connected across the output gives a reading of 5 V. Whatis the value of 2 A 10x10A 12x10" A © 10x107A 12x 10%A ElectronicsAbUane o Questions 4 to 5 ‘The graphs below show the characteristic curves (LV curves) for two electrical devices, PandQ. ow 0 0 5 0 0 @ tT. ala aa 2 ' vN 0 a eo 0 om © CChopter 18 2 -16- 4 C 80V seo isemst P and Q are now connected in series to a 80V power supply as shown above. What are (a) the current I drawn from the power supply and (b) the pad. Ve across Q? 1 % Se bv BoA mov | © 5A wv DSA 70V | 1, 00 Q 1, 1008 — P 1 t—{-—_ 80.V | ser ineral resistors to the 80 V power supply as shows. ‘What is the current drawn from the supply? A OBA B 50A © 57a D. SBA - | | | : | | P and Q are now connected with two | | | |1 Feet a zs k ay | at dite | oa ou : Ms 7 A zener diode, which conducts when the O1 02 03 04 05 reverse biased p.d. is greater than 10, is | connected in series with a resistor R to 4 30 power supply ax shown above, i The above diagram shows the variation of If the safe i " ; ty current (le. the maximum i arent 1 with Pdi Van 808s @ junction current without causing damage) through diode. “Which "one “of the following the diode is 5.04, what is the minimum : ‘statements is correct? value of R? Assume that the power supply do sistance, 1 ‘A. When the p.d. across the diode is 0.5 V, es not have res che current flowing through iis always infinitely large, a 3. The current flowing through the diode — | is not steady when the forward biased A pa across itis less than 03. : c 49 When the dlode is connected in series with a 15 Vlight bulb toa 5 V power D. 5a supply and the diode is forward Biased, the light bulb does not give normal brightness. D. When the diode is connected in series with a resistor toa 15 power supply, the p.d. across the resistor is 1.5 V, provided that the diode is forward biased. Choprer 18 168n Fra The zener diodes connected in the above circuit have forward biased voltage of 05 V and reverse biased voltage of 3 V. ov a ‘When they are connected to a 2.0 power nme supply as shown, what are the readings of) the ammeter and (b) the voltmeter? e) ammeter voltmeter ' reading reading The graph in (a) shows the I-V characteristic a curve of a zener diode. In circuit (b), two A zero a such identical zener diodes are connected in Bisa en series with @ 1.00 resistor to a 10¥V power supply, one in forward biased, the other in canton AG Teverse biased. . D. 20mA 20Vv ‘What is the current drawn from the power supply? A 2e0 B. 35ma © 65ma D. 70mA Chapter 18 -W0-Chopter 18 srtetaseninten cRO 200 [] 4000 In the above circuit, a CRO is connected across a resistor R of resistance several hundred ohms. Which one of the following diagrams shows the trace obtained on the oscilloscope when a sinusoidal a.c. is applied to the circuit? CALA AL Jaa’ Ba sg 2a P| f) oe In the bridge rectifier shown, if diode Q becomes open-circuited, which of the following statements is correct? ‘A. No noticeable change occurs. B, _Rulkwave rectification continues, but with reduced output voltage. Only half-wave rectification occurs. D. The output falls to zero. eee ene nenne eee rea19. ov ll 2zroinemal The circuit above includes a diode which has negligible forward resistance and infinite Teverse resistance. What is the. current drawn from the 6V cell which has zero internal resistance? A 2er0 B 10A © 15a D. 20a Chopter 18 -174~ Which of the following statements about an npn transistor in common emitter configuration is/are true? a @ @ pose The emitter current is always equal to the sum of the base current and the collector current, When the base current is zero, the collector current is also zero, ‘When the transistor is conducting, the ad, between the base and the emitter depends on the base current. ( only @)only (2) and (2) only (2) and (3) only2 no he aia tn the dreuit shown, when the wensistor conducting the pd Vp Detcen the base and the emiteri O7V. fasume that the eorent tmplifenon factor ofthe tanta is 100 Ie is known that when the wransistor i : ‘The graphs above show the variations of the conicing the minimum pa. Vs beoreen. Th apha sore sw herrea fhe the collector and the emitter is 0.2V. the collector and the emitter for different Determine the state of he tensor and the iesleibeselealltely What i he current amplification factor of State of Collector current I, ae coast Santor 2 A eto 100 blero a7mA — © tint =a oe D. sauraed — 29mA chopra 6:‘Questions 28 to 29 ‘The transistor in the circuit below has @ current amplification factor of 200, When the Pd. Va, between the base and the emitter is less than O.5V, the base current , = 0. When Vs Temains constant at 0.7V, the transistor is said to be conducting, in which case, the minimum possible p.d. Vq, between the collector and the emitter is close to zero. Chopter 18 -178- Aboavices 29, The graph above shows the variation of V,. with V,,. What are the values of (a) V, and (6) v2 Ys A OSV ory B OSV 10v c o7v 10V Dd. o7v 30v ‘The graph above represents the variation of V,, with time t. Which one of the following graphs correctly shows the corresponding variation of Vi, with time t?‘The diagram above shows an n-p-n transistor in common emitter configuration. A high resistance voltmeter V is connected across the collector and the emitter. The slider of the potentiometer is moved from P to Q. ‘Which one of the following graphs most probably shows the variation of the reading V with the distance x of the slider from P? A 4k Chapter 18 =180- The above diagram shows a linear voltage amplifier using an mp-n transistor. The signal generator provides an ac. input and is connected in series with a capacitor C;. The output is obtained via another capacitor C, Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) Cyensures that the current through R, fsa pure dc. (2) Cyensures that the output voltage is purely alternating. (3) Current through R, is a dc. superimposed with an ac, when the signal generator is switched on. A. (only B. G)only c(i) and (2) only D. @)and (3) only3s. Chapter 18 thermistor tka aoe In the circuit shown, the thermistor has a resistance of 1 kA at 0°C. The electronic speaker starts to sound when the current reaches 10 mA. Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) When the temperature rises above 0°, the resistance of the thermistor is less than 1k. (2) The circuit acts as a device which gives an audible warning of a sudden fall in temperature. (3) Athigh temperature, the transistor is in the saturation state, A (only B GJonly © (a) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only -182- Which of the following statements about an operational amplifier is/are true? (1) An operational amplifier has a high internal resistance at the input. (2) The open-loop gain of an operational amplifier is subjected to temperature change and fells off at high frequency. (3) The magnitude of output voltage Vay is always equal to V,, A (only B. Q)only © (and @) only D. @)and (3) only38, ‘An operational amplifier can be used to compare two dc. voltages, V; and V;, as shown above. Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) When V, > Vo, Vr is positive, (2) When V, < V;, Var is negative. (3) When Vy = Va. Vue = A (1)only B. @)only © (1)and @) only D. (2)and (3) only Chapter 18 -184- Which of the following statements about ¢ negative feedback operational amplifier Isfare true? (1) The input and output voltages are in anti-phase. (2) The amplifier never saturates. (3) The output current is dizectly proportional to the input current, A. (only B. G)only C (1)and @) only D. (2)and (3) only 20K — 1K ay ay ET ay ob, The operational amplifier in the above circuit is driven by a power supply of #15 V, What is the output voltage Vq,? A AsV B. 30V -4sv Dd. 60vAbuses 27 42, | BV av The operational amplifier in the above circuit is driven by a power supply of #15 V. What is the output voltage Va? A lv B -S0V cc 30Vv D. 10 43 ‘What is the use of the above circuit? ‘A. voltage follower with unity gain 3. amplifier with gain less than-1 . voltage invertor electrical oscillator Chapter 18 -186- 45. Questions 44 to 45 ‘What is the input voltage V, that causes a current I of 1.0mA to flow through the 1.0 Q resistor in the direction shown? A tov Rav © ov Dv In the previous question, what are (a) the magnitude and (b) the direction of the current through P at the output of the operational amplifier? magnitude direction. A zero B. 0.99mA from right to left Cc 101ma from left to right D. 1.01mA from right to leftThe above amplifier circuit uses the non inverting input. What is the output voltage Vous? A ZV c +9V D. +12V Chapter 18 =190- voltage The above circuit shows a voltage follower connected with a moving coil voltmeter at the output. Which one of the following statements about the advantages of including a voltage follower is WRONG? ‘A. Current drawn from the source is negligible. B. Itcan be used to measure a smaller voltage. The voltmeter do not require re- calibration, D. _ Itwill give a reasonably steady reading when it is used in measuring the p.d. across an isolated charged capacitor,48, 20K ‘The operational amplifier in the above circuit is operated from a power supply of 46.0. The slider is moved along a uniform resistance wire PQ. Which one of the following graphs best represents the variation of the output voltage Vy, with the distance x of the slider from P? Chapter 18 -188 - ‘The above circuit includes two operational amplifiers both connected in negative feedback, All the resistors used have the ‘same resistance. What is the output voltage Vou? A av B.2v c 42v D. 48V56. R oY hot junction 35-45 B N x Ka jj Y cold jupetion 35 In the above circuit, a steady current of 10 mA flows through the 1 kQ load resistor in the direction shown, What are (a) the magnitude and (b) the direction of the current flowing through the 40 k® feedback resistor? magnitude direction A. zero B 02mA from left to right c 02mA from right to left D. 1.0mA from left to right Chapter 18 -192- ‘The diagram shows a circuit for an electronic thermometer used to measure body temperature over the range of 35°C to 45%, The thermocouple generates an emf between X and Y of 50 pV per K temperature difference between its junctions. if the voltmeter gives zero reading when the hot Junction is at 35°C and full scale deflection of 41.0 V at 45°C, what should the value of R be? A 05iQ B 1MQ c 2Ma D. 5MQThe above diagram shows a circuit used to control the switching of a heater. If the temperature falls below the required value, the heater is automatically switched on. Which of the following statements is/are true? (1) R should be adjusted so that its resistance is equal to the thermistor at the required temperature. (2) When temperature exceeds the required value, the potential at P becomes positive and that at Q becomes negative, The heater is switched off () Diode 2 ensures that the current through the coll ofthe relay switch flows in one direction only. A (only B. Glonly © (i) and 2) only D. @)and(3) only Chapter 18 -194- In the above circuit, the output voltage V,, from the operational amplifier is negative, Which of the following changes could cause the output voltage to change to positive? (1) Increasing the value of R,, (2) Decreasing the value of R,. (3) Decreasing the light intensity on the IDR. A (Honly B. @)only ©) and 2) only D. (2) and (3) only63, In the above diagram, the inductor L-of negligible resistance is connected in series with a resistor R to a 3V battery. A unity gain voltage follower, with a voltmeter V of Tange 0 - 10 V at its output, is connected | across L. Which of the following statements is true ‘when the switch Sis closed? ‘The reading of A. isa constant value of 4.0, B, decreases from 3.0 V to zero gradually. C. increases from zero to 3.0 V and then remains constant. D. is intially very large causing full scale deflection, but it falls to zero gradually Chopter 18 -196-Chapter 16 Electromagnetism i re uc nC MD AC HB HA MC HD AAD MC i 2A 2D RC RB AD RA AC RA MC MEIMD WD ; 34 BA BC BD BB SD BC BA BC HCE WD i 4C MC MC HD MB HA HC HMC MD HD IMC MD } 5B 5D BD SA HA SA OA 5B 8B 05 B05 D i 6D 6C 6D 3A 4D 6D 6C 7% C 8 A 9% C 106 A 7O VC wC VC HBR TA MC mMD #C HCW D SC BC BB ®D 4D SD BC BC BC BC UBC 9A WA BD HC HD BA HD MB HC HC 105 wD wD mC HC HB OD MC HMC HD IWC 0D Chapter 17 Alternating Currents 1B NC ABAD aD sD aD 20 RA Rc RB RC RC WA 3B BD BA 3B BA BB BA 4A UC MA MA HB OSB GB 5D 16D 3D 3C SB 5B A 6C 6B %®C 3%C HA 56D 6D 7D WA MC 7D 7D FC #8 8D WC BC BD HD SBA 9D 19C BA 39D HC 59D we wc WC HD HB HA Chapter 18 Electronics 1BucacaD aC HAD aC 2A BC RCRD A 2D AB 3C BA BD BC HC BB OB 4D UD MC MC HC HB 5C 5B BC 3 C HC BC 6C BC BA BC HB BC 70 7B 7D WA WC A 8C Co BC 3B &D 58D i 9C 19C BA BA WA SDC we mc 9B MD HC HD Answers = 240