4.spec KT - Me - KC - 1 - 2016

CH DN K THUT
T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

a im: s 10, ng Trn Ph, phng M Lao, qun H ng, TP H Ni
MC LC
MC LC.....................................................................................................................0
PHN 1: GII THIU CNG TRNH.................................................................................2
PHN 2 - CC YU CU CHUNG.....................................................................................8
CHNG 1 - TIU CHUN K THUT V NH NGHA....................................................................... 8
CHNG 2 - CC YU CU V TH TC HNH CHNH...................................................................10
CHNG 3 - CC YU CU V QUN L CHT LNG...................................................................14
CHNG 4 - CC YU CU V VT T,THIT B (SN PHM)..........................................................18
CHNG 5 - CC YU CU TRONG THI CNG XY DNG...............................................................20
CHNG 6 - TI LIU THANH L V H S HON CNG................................................................24
PHN 3 - CNG TC CHUN B THI CNG....................................................................26
CHNG 1 - DN DP MT BNG................................................................................................ 26
CHNG 2 - KIM TRA V BO V MT BNG CNG TRNG......................................................28
CHNG 3 - PHNG TH NGHIM V TRANG THIT B TH NGHIM.................................................30
PHN 4 - CNG TC HON THIN................................................................................32
CHNG 1 - YU CU CHUNG........................................................................................................ 32
CHNG 2 - CNG TC XY........................................................................................................... 36
CHNG 3 - CNG TC TRT......................................................................................................... 39
CHNG 4 - CNG TC LNG........................................................................................................ 43
CHNG 5 - CNG TC LT........................................................................................................... 47
CHNG 6 - CNG TC P ....................................................................................................... 63
CHNG 7 - CNG TC SN HON THIN..................................................................................... 71
CHNG 8 - CNG TC CA KIM LOI.......................................................................................... 80
CHNG 9 - CNG TC LP T TRN GI.................................................................................... 84
CHNG 10 - CNG TC CHNG THM, CCH NHIT.................................................................... 94
CHNG 11 - CNG TC LP KNH CHO MT DNG NGOI NH...................................................99
CHNG 12 - CNG TC HON THIN CNH QUAN NGOI NH...................................................107
PHN 5 - C IN....................................................................................................113
0
N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

/c: Tng 1, 2, Nh B5, Lng Quc T, P. Dch Vng, Q. Cu Giy, H Ni www.cdh.com.vn
CH DN K THUT

CHNG 1 - YU CU CHUNG...................................................................................................... 113
CHNG 2 - IN - CHNG ST.................................................................................................. 117
CHNG 3 - IN NH................................................................................................................ 137
CHNG 4 - CP THOT NC................................................................................................... 148
CHNG 5 - THNG GI - IU HA KHNG KH........................................................................ 161
CHNG 6 - THANG MY............................................................................................................. 171
CHNG 7 - PHNG CHY CHA CHY....................................................................................... 176
PHN 6 - KT CU....................................................................................................184
CHNG 1 - YU CU CHUNG...................................................................................................... 184
CHNG 2 - B TNG.................................................................................................................. 187
CHNG 3 - CT THP................................................................................................................. 207
CHNG 4 - VN KHUN.............................................................................................................. 210
CHNG 5 - CC P V THI CNG P CC................................................................................... 214
CHNG 6 - O V P MNG.................................................................................................. 219
CHNG 7 - NN TNH CC TH.................................................................................................. 223
CHNG 8 - CNG TC O NGHING QUAN TRC LN................................................................230
PHN 1: GII THIU CNG TRNH

1

CH DN K THUT

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO 1

1.
NHNG CN C PHP L
Lut Doanh nghip s 68/2014/QH13 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi

Ch ngha Vit Nam c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01/07/2015;
Lut u t s 67/2014/QH13 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Vit Nam c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01/07/2015;
Lut Xy dng s 50/2014/QH13 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch
ngha Vit Nam c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01/01/2015;
Cn c Ngh nh s 59/2015/N-CP ngy 18 thng 06 nm 2015 c hiu lc
k t ngy 05 thng 8 nm 2015 ca Chnh ph v qun l d n u t xy
dng cng trnh;
Cn c Ngh nh s 83/2010/N-CP ngy 15/10/2010 ca Chnh ph v sa
i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009;
Cn c ngh nh s 112/2009/N-CP ngy 14/12/2009 ca Chnh Ph v
qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh;
Cn c Ngh nh s 15/2013/N-CP ngy 06/02/2013 ca Chnh ph v
Qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng;
Cn c Quyt nh s 957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B xy dng v vic
cng b nh mc chi ph qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
Cn c Thng t s 03/2009/TT-BXD ngy 23/06/2009 ca B xy dng quy
nh chi tit mt s ni dung ca Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy
10/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l d n u t xy dng;
Cn c thng t s 04/2010/TT-BXD ngy 26/5/2010 ca B xy dng v vic
hng dn lp v qun l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh;
Cng vn s 5065/UBND-QHKT ngy 23/7/2015 ca UBND Thnh ph ng
v vic iu chnh chc nng cng trnh v ch tiu quy hoch kin trc ti
d n Ta nh hn hp Machinco 1 ti khu t s 10 ng Trn Ph, phng
M Lao, qun H ng theo xut ca S Quy hoch - Kin trc ti cng
vn s 2530/QHKT-P4 ngy 19/6/2015 nu trn v giao S Quy hoch - Kin
trc hng dn Cng ty c phn Thit b thc hin th tc Cp php quy
hoch theo quy nh;
Giy php Quy hoch s 4899/GPQH ngy 27/10/2015 ca S Quy hoch Kin trc;
Cng vn s 5893/QHKT-TMB-PAKT-P4 ngy15/12/2015 ca S Quy hoch
Kin trc HN v vic Chp thun Quy hoch Tng mt bng v Phng n
Kin trc cng trnh : T hp Thng mi, vn phng cho thu Machinco 1.
Bn o c a hnh do cng ty TNHH NN MTV a chnh H ni lp thng
8/2010 (c xc nhn ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Thnh ph H ni
ngy 27/8/2010);
Bo co kho st a cht do Cng ty c phn T vn u t xy dng v
ng dng cng ngh mi Vinaconex - R&D lp thng 03/2011;
2

CH DN K THUT

2.
Kt qu thm nh H s thit k c s cng trnh: T hp thng mi, vn

phng cho thu Machinco1 ngy..........ca S Xy dng H ni;
H s thit k c s cng trnh: T hp thng mi, vn phng cho thu
Machinco1 do Cng ty CP T vn Thit k - Xy dng - Kinh doanh nh (CDH)
lp thng 12 nm 2015;
H s thit k Bn v thi cng cng trnh: T hp thng mi, vn phng cho
thu Machinco1 do Cng ty CP T vn Thit k - Xy dng - Kinh doanh nh
(CDH) lp thng 1 nm 2016;
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam, Tiu chun thit k chuyn ngnh v cc quy
nh, vn bn khc c lin quan.
V TR KHU T - A IM XY DNG CNG TRNH:
Khu t nghin cu nm v pha ng Bc Qun H ng, trn khun vin
Cng ty CP Thit b, s 10, ng Trn Ph, H ng, H Ni.
D n xy dng nm trong vc giao thng ht sc thun tin, l ca ng t
trung tm thnh ph H Ni dn vo qun H ng, vi c s h tng kh
ng b, yu t kin trc cnh quan xung quanh hin i. V vy cng trnh
T hp Thng mi, vn phng cho thu Machinco 1 phi c y cc yu
t hp l v cng nng, tin li trong s dng, hin i trong hnh dng kin
trc m bo tnh hi nhp cao vi cc cng trnh xung quanh. Ngoi ra,
cng trnh cn phi khng nh c phong cch v thit lp c thng
hiu ring nhm thu ht nhiu i tng khch hng khc nhau.
3.
IU KIN T NHIN, KH HU
3.1.
a danh hnh chnh v V tr u t d n:

D n T hp Thng mi, vn phng cho thu Machinco 1 do Cng ty c
phn Thit b lm ch u t c xy dng ti t s 10 ng Trn ph,
phng M lao, qun H ng, TP H ni.
Tng din tch t l: 9659,7 m2, c v tr gii hn nh sau:
- Pha ng Nam : gip ng Trn Ph, H ng
- Pha Ty Bc: gip khu dn c thuc phng Vn M.
- Pha ng Bc: gip khu dn c v Vin NCTK ch to my NN.
- Pha Ty Nam: gip Khu tp th An ninh v khu tp th CBCNV ca Cng ty.
Khu t d n c mt chnh nhn ra trc ng Trn ph, qun H ng, nn
rt thun li cho giao thng i li v u ni cc h thng h tng k thut
ca d n.
3.2.
iu kin t nhin:
3.2.1. a hnh-t ai:
Khu t u t xy dng cng trnh l t xy dng cng trnh hn hp, nm
k cn cc tuyn ng ca thnh ph v khu vc.
a hnh hin trng khu t bng phng, tuy nhin cao tng i thp so
vi ng Trn Ph (thp hn mt ng trung bnh 0,8m)
cao trung bnh Htb = 5,75m
cao nh nht Hmin = 5,32m
3

CH DN K THUT

cao ln nht Hmax = 7,13m

Phn t d n hin ti ang dng lm Vn phng v khu kinh doanh sn
xut, xung quanh c xy tng ro bao che. Din tch t l: 9659,7
m2
3.2.2. Thi tit-kh hu:
c im kh hu:
Khu vc d n thuc Qun H ng, H Ni thuc vng kh hu AIII1 (ng
bng sng Hng) nhit i gi ma nng m. Mt nm c 2 ma r rt l
ma nng v ma lnh, ma nng t thng 4 n thng 11 c ma nhiu,
nhit trung bnh t 270 n 290C v ma lnh t thng 12 n thng 3
nm sau, ma t, c nhit trung bnh t 16 dn 17 0C.
- Nhit trung bnh hng nm l: 23,30 C
- Tng s gi nng trung bnh trong nm l 1.450gi 1.550gi.
- Lng ma trung bnh trong nm t 1400- 2000mm vi s ngy ma trung
bnh 100-140 ngy/nm. Ti khu vc, hin nay khng b ngp ng do h
thng h tng k thut khu vc trc ng Trn Ph xy dng tng i
n nh.
- m cao nht 94%
- m thp nht 80%
- m trung bnh 86%
- Hng gi ch o thi t thng 4 n thng 9 l gi ng Nam, t thng 10
n thng 3 nm sau l gi ng Bc.
- Tc trung bnh ma h 2,2m/s
- Tc trung bnh ma ng 2,8m/s
- Tng lng bc x trung bnh nm 122Kcal/cm2.
c im cht thu vn cng trnh:
a. Thu vn
Khu vc nghin cu chu nh hng mc nc thu vn sng Nhu, i vi
sng Nhu, theo ti liu tnh ton ca Vin quy hoch Thu li v Trng i
hc Thu li, bo co r sot b sung quy hoch sng Nhu ca S NN &
PTNT H Ty s 587 ngy 25/8/1997 c kt qu tnh ton nh sau:
Mc nc theo quy hoch mi
P = 5% ti H ng 6,3m
ng Qun 5,9m
P = 10% ti H ng 5,8m
ng Qun 5,4m
Theo s liu thng k mc nc cao nht vo nm 1994: ti H ng 5,79m,

ti ng Qun 4,92m.
b. a cht
Theo ti liu ca Tng cc a cht: Khu vc nghin cu thuc Qun H
ng nm trong vng a cht H Ni c lch s a cht hnh thnh do qu
trnh trm tch thuc gii th t ( t Q), Neozieen, thng hin i Hloxen,
4

CH DN K THUT

c chiu dy hn 50m. Cu to trm tch sng bao gm ct pha, st pha

mu nu, bt st xm xanh, xm vng.
c. ng t v p lc gi:
Theo quy chun xy dng Vit Nam ( tp III) ban hnh theo quyt nh s
439/BXD CSXD ngy 25/0/1997 ca B trng B xy dng thi khu vc quy
hoch nm trong vng p lc gi III.B vi p lc gi Wo =125 daN/m2 v
nm vng chn ng cp 6 (MSK) vi tn sut lp li B1> = 0,005 ( chuk
T1<= 200 nm, xc xut xut hin chn ng P>=0,1 trong khong thi gian 20
nm).
3.2.3. a cht cng trnh:

c im a cht ca cng trnh: theo ti liu bo co kt qu kho st a
cht cng trnh do Cng ty CP t vn u t xy dng v ng dng cng
ngh mi Vinaconex thc hin. a tng kho st c nhiu nt c trng
cho a tng chung ca khu vc H Ni. C th nh sau:
- Lp 1: Nn b tng dy t 10-20cm, di l lp t san lp gm: st pha, ct
pha ln gch vn, ph thi xy dng mu xm nu kt cu b ri, chiu dy
trung bnh 1,7m.
- Lp 2a: St pha do mm n do cng mu xm nu n nu hng, b dy
trung bnh 3,8m.
- Lp 2b : St pha do chy - bn st mu xm nu n xm n, i ch ln
hu c, b dy trung bnh 20m.
- Lp 3 : Ct pha do xen t ct nh mu xm nu n nu hng, b dy trung
bnh 5,8m.
- Lp 4 : t st do mm nhiu ch do cng mu xm nu, nu hng, b
dy trung bnh 5,9m.
- Lp 5 : Ct ht nh mu xm nu, xm tro trng thi cht va, b dy trung
bnh 2,2m.
- Lp 6 : Si sn, cui ln ct ht trung, ct ht th mu xm ghi, xm vng,
trng thi cht n rt cht, b dy trung bnh 9m.
- Lp 7 : Cui, si snln ct trung, ct th mu xm ghi, xm vng, trng thi
rt cht. cc l khoan kho st khoan vo lp cui si t 10,5 n 12m.
4.
IU KIN HIN TRNG, H TNG K THUT
4.1
Giao thng khu vc:

H thng giao thng ni b trong khu vc nghin cu ch yu l sn btng
hin ang s dng.
Pha ng Nam khu t tip gip vi ng Trn Ph (Quc l 6) vi mt ct
ng 53m, y cng l v tr u ni giao thng chnh ca d n.
Cc khu dn c ln cn xung quanh u c li ra vo c lp v khng nm
trong ranh gii l t d n.
4.2
H thng cp in- cp nc- thot nc:

H thng cp nc:
5

CH DN K THUT

Trong phm vi quy hoch c h thng cp nc sch, hai bn tuyn

ng Trn Ph (Quc l 6) c tuyn ng D200 dn nc sch t nh my
nc khu vc phc v cho Qun H ng, cch ranh gii quy hoch khong
2m. Cc cng trnh trong khun vin khu t hin ang s dng ngun nc
ny n nh, do vy, d kin ngun cung cp nc cho khu vc vn tip tc
s dng t h thng trn sau khi tho thun vi c quan qun l, cung cp
nc Qun H ng.
H thng thot nc :
H thng thot nc thi sinh hot ca cc cng trnh hin nay u x l cc
b ti cc b pht v ga sau thot vo h thng cng thot nc chung
D400 v D1500x1500 ca thnh ph dc theo tuyn ng Trn Ph. Trong
, ng ng cng D400 cch ranh gii l t khong 3m; ng ng
D1500x1500 ca TP mi c xy dng nm di ng Trn Ph (lung
giao thng cho xe but).
H thng thot nc ma ca khu vc ch yu thu gom bng h thng rnh
np an BTCT sau vo h thng cng D1500x1500 ca thnh ph dc
theo tuyn ng Trn Ph.
H thng thot nc ma v nc thi ca khi nh 7 tng mi xy dng
nm 2004 c xy dng hon chnh.
H thng cng thot nc ma, cng thot nc thi SH ca cc khu dn c
ln cn cng c xy dng hon chnh v theo h thng ring, khng
nm trong ranh gii l t, do vy khi thit k, h thng thot nc ma v
nc thi SH ca khi 7 tng s tip tc s dng, quy hoch ch yu tnh
ton cho khu vc xy mi v khng nh hng ti cc khu dn c ln cn,
ng thi khp ni vi h thng h tng k thut chung ca th.
H thng cp in:
Hin nay, khu vc c xy dng 02 trm bin p c cp t ng dy
6KV nm trn ng Trn Ph (Quc l 6). Trong , 1 trm mi xy dng
hin ang cung cp cho khi nh 7 tng, trm ny d kin s tip tc s
dng; 1 trm nm pha trong l t hin ang cung cp cho khu nh xng
SX, do vy cn thit k ci to nng cp trm ny phc v cho cc khi
xy mi.
H thng h tng k thut khc:
H thng thng tin lin lc: Qun H ng c Bu in nm trong phm vi
ph sng ca h thng in thoi di ng Mobie phone v Vina phone,
Viettel, h thng INTERNET ca VNPT, FPT, Viettel do vy c th p ng v
mi thng tin lin lc.
Hin trng chun b k thut khu t xy dng: Khu vc nghin cu c nn
xy dng n nh, cao trung bnh l 5,75m. Cao trung bnh ca mt
ng Trn Ph on qua l t khong 6,4m; cao trung bnh ca cc khu
vc ln cn khong 5,8m do vy khu vc cn tn nn m bo thot nc
nhng khng c lm nh hng ti cc khu dn c xung quanh.
Mi trng:
6

CH DN K THUT

Khu vc d n chu tc ng trc tip v tc ng mi trng ca trc ng

Trn Ph.
Cng trnh kin trc:
Hin nay, trong phm vi d n c mt s cng trnh xy dng thuc
Cng ty CP Thit b:
Nh 07 tng: din tch tng 1: 738m2; tng din tch sn khong 5166m2, h
khung ct BTCT xy dng nm 2004
Nh 03 tng : din tch tng 1: 600m2 tng din tch sn khong 1800m2,
xy dng t nm 1985.
Khu nh xng 01 tng v dy nh cp 4 v nh xe p xe my : din
tch khong 3500 m2; xy dng t nm 1990.
Khu vc xung quanh ngoi ranh gii d n ch yu l nh dn cao t 1 n 3
tng, pha ng Bc l Vin Nghin cu TK my NN cao 4 tng, nhn chung,
cc cng trnh kin trc ln cn u c lp vi khu t v li ra vo, giao
thng v h thng h tng k thut.
5.
QUY M CNG TRNH
Loi cng trnh: Cng trnh cng cng
Cp cng trnh: Cp II
Cng trnh c cht lng s dng cao, bn vng bc I, c kh nng chu

ng t, nin hn s dng 100 nm, chu la bc I.
Cng nng v Din tch sn cc tng:
Tng hm: din tch 3600m2; cng nng: k thut ta nh v gara xe, h
thng xe t ng.
Tng 1: din tch 3468m2; cng nng: Thng mi - dch v - vn phng cho
thu.
Tng 2: din tch 3334m2; cng nng :Thng mi - dch v - vn phng cho
thu.
thu.
thu.
thu.
Tng 6,7: din tch 3475m2/tng x 2 = 6950m2; cng nng :Thng mi dch v - vn phng cho thu.
Tng tum, k thut mi: din tch 388m2; cng nng :tum thang thot him,
phng k thut mi v k thut thang my.
Tng din tch sn XD (khng gm tng hm): 24.387 m 2.
Chiu cao cng trnh:
Tng hm : 4,5m
Tng 1: 5,3m (cao hn sn 0,75m)

7

CH DN K THUT

Tng 2,3,4,5,6: 4,5m/tng
Tng 7: 6m v 7,2m
Tng tum: 2,3m

Chiu cao t ct +0,00 (tng ng cao +7,3 cao QG) n nh mi:
Pha ng Trn Ph: 36,85m;
Pha sau: 38,05m.
PHN 2 - CC YU CU CHUNG
CHNG 1 - TIU CHUN K THUT V NH NGHA
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny nu phm vi cc tiu chun p dng cho cng trnh, hng dn s
dng ch vit tt, nu nh ngha cc thut ng trong ch dn k thut.
Cc chng v ti liu lin quan
Phn 3 : "CNG TC CHUN B THI CNG"
Phn 4 : "CNG TC HON THIN"
Phn 5 : "CC THIT B C IN"
Phn 6 : "KT CU"
Cc nh ngha thut ng
Cng tc: phn ca d n c trong k hoch, tin , gim st, v qun l d
n. Cc cng tc c bao gm trong k hoch s dng thi gian v ti
nguyn.
Chi ph: iu chnh k hoch hon thnh cc cng on nh trong tin . Tng
chi ph tt c cc cng tc phi bng tng hp ng, tr cc trng hp khc
c cho php ca kin trc s.
Phng php ng GNG (ng quan trng): phng php lp k hoch v
tin ca d n da trn mi quan h gia cc cng on. Vic tnh ton
mng li ch ra khi no cng tc nm trn ng GNG ca d n.
S kin: im bt u hoc kt thc ca mt cng tc.
Phng php d tr: Phng php o lng thi gian t khi bt u ti khi kt
thc ca 1 cng tc.
Ngun lc: S phn b nhn lc v thit b cn thit hon thnh mt cng
tc nh trong k hoch.
Cc tiu chun v quy phm p dng
Bao gm cc tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh. Tham kho cc tiu chun nc
ngoi
2.
Tiu chun k thut p dng cho d n

Tn, k hiu cc tiu chun
8

CH DN K THUT

Cc Quy chun quc gia, tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh.
Cc tiu chun p dng c th c trch dn trong ni dung chi tit Ch dn k
thut ca tng cng tc di y.
Hiu lc ca tiu chun
Phi l phin bn mi nht trong thi hn c hiu lc ca Ti liu hp ng, nu
khng c quy nh khc.
Cc quy chun k thut quc gia hoc cc tiu chun m chnh quyn ban
hnh c tnh bt buc p dng th cn c cp nht v lun phi tun th.
Cc yu cu khc i vi tiu chun
Khi xut hin nhng yu cu v vic la chn cc tiu chun k thut khc
nhau t mc cht lng ph hp hn th nh thu thi cng xy dng c
th lp tiu ch so snh. Ch u t c quyn quyt nh la chn tiu chun p
dng sau khi tham kho kin ca t vn thit k.
Cc bn sao tiu chun
Nh thu v vic nm r cc tiu chun p dng vo cc cng vic ca mnh
trong d n.
Nh thu c trch nhim sao chp, lu gi ti vn phng hin trng v dch ra
ting Vit tt c cc tiu chun nc ngoi p dng cho cng trnh.
3.
Ch vit tt v tn gi
i vi vic s dng ch vit tt trong Ch dn k thut: i vi cc ch vit tt
thng dng nh tn gi ca tiu chun c cng nhn trong nc v quc
t (V d: TCVN, TCXDVN, ISO, BS, ASTM)., tn cc t chc quc t (V d:
LHQ, WB, UNICEF, NATO) th khng cn gii thch, nh ngha
Trng hp cc ch vit tt m cha c cng nhn th cn gii thch v vit
y ng thi ch r cc ch vit tt c p dng vo iu khon no
ca ch dn k thut.
4.
nh ngha thut ng
Nhng vn chung :l phn u ca tng chng nhm tm tt cc ni
dung c bn ca chng .
c chp thun. Khi nim c chp thun trong ch dn k thut c
hiu l mt iu kin bt buc khi tun th cc iu kin hp ng. V d:
Bn v thi cng phi c chp thun trc khi thi cng; Khi nh thu ngh
chuyn cng vic thi cng phi c chp thun ca ngi c trch nhim c
quy nh trong iu kin ca hp ng.
Ch th l mnh lnh hoc hng dn ca ngi ph trch (c th l ngi ch
huy hay ngi k s t vn c quy nh trong iu kin ca hp ng).
Quy nh bao gm cc iu lut, qui nh, qui ch v cc lnh hp php do cc
cp c thm quyn ban hnh, cng nh cc iu l, quy c v tho thun
trong hp ng thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
Trang b. Khi nim trang b c hiu l vic cung ng v cp pht cho vic
sn sng thc hin cc hot ng thi cng xy dng. (V d: trang b dng c
tho, d, lp rp h thng iu ha khng kh).
9

CH DN K THUT

Lp t. Khi nim lp t dng miu t cc hot ng thi cng cc cng vic

lin quan ti lp t my mc, thit b cng trnh v thit bi cng ngh din ra
ti ni thc hin d n.
Cng trng xy dng l khong khng gian nh thu tin hnh cc hot
ng xy dng mt cch ring r hoc cng chung vi cc n v ang thc
hin phn vic khc nh mt phn ca d n.
10

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 2 - CC YU CU V TH TC HNH CHNH

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
Chng ny cp n cc ni dung sau:
-
Bo co danh sch nhn s;
Yu cu thng tin trong d n;
Cch thc phi hp gia cc bn;
Th tc trnh duyt cc ti liu;
Nht k thi cng;
Cc cuc hp v bin bn;
Cc mc khc (nu c).

Cc chng v ti liu c lin quan
Khi c Ch dn k thut chng ny cn xem thm cc ni dung ca chng
5 - Yu cu trong thi cng xy dng.
ngoi
2.
Bo co danh sch nhn s

Cc bn tham gia d n phi np danh sch nhn s ca mnh ph hp vi cc
cam kt trong h s d thu. Trong danh sch ny cn nu cc nhn vt qun l
ch cht (gim c d n, gim st trng, ch huy trng,...) v cc nhn vin
khc tham gia cc cng vic iu hnh trn cng trng. Bn danh sch ny
c np cho ch u t trong mt thi gian khng ch (v d: 15 ngy sau khi
cng xy dng) ch u t gi ti cc ch th tham gia hot ng xy dng
bit v phi hp. Trong danh sch cn ch r chc nng, nhim v, a ch lin
h, s in thoi, hp th in t ca tng ngi v cn thit c nh chn dung
tin phi hp trong cng vic.
3.
Quy nh v x l thng tin

Cc bn tham gia hot ng thi cng xy dng (cc nh thu thi cng xy dng,
t vn gim st) phi nghin cu h s thit k, cc yu cu k thut... lin
quan ti cc cng vic m mnh m nhn, khn trng pht hin nhng ni
dung cn thit b sung gi ch u t nhm lm sng t thm cc iu khon
trong vn bn hp ng.
- Quy nh v cch trnh by thng tin: phi trnh by thng tin mt cch chi tit,
r rng; Cc ni dung cn lm r phi c trnh by theo biu thng nht nh
sau:
+ Tn d n,
+ i tng (hng mc cng trnh, cng vic)
+ Ngy/thng/nm;
+ S ca vn bn yu cu thng tin,
+ Tn ca nh thu,
11

CH DN K THUT

+ Tn ngi qun l cng trng,

+ Ni dung ca cc yu cu cn thng tin (v d: thiu s liu v kho st, bn
v khng y , vt t khng ph hp v khng c trn th trng...),
+ Tn v s ca phn ch dn k thut lin quan,
+ S bn v v cc ti liu tham kho tng ng,
+ iu kin hin trng thi cng,
+ Kin ngh ca nh thu (v d: cn khoan kho st b sung, i vt t tng
ng, bin php thi cng...),
+ Ch k ca nh thu,
+ Cc ti liu nh km (bn v, hnh nh, v cc thng tin khc).
- Ch u t c trch nhim tip nhn thng tin v tham kho cc bn c lin
quan (t vn thit k khi c lin quan ti thit k) tr li trong thi hn 10
ngy lm vic.
4.
Phi hp gia cc bn
s phi hp gia cc bn trong qu trnh trin khai thi cng xy dng c
thun li nhm gii quyt nhanh nht cc vn pht sinh, cc vng mc ca
nh thu, m bo thc hin d n mt cch tt nht cn ch dn cch thc
phi hp, cch lm vn bn xut hoc phiu trao i khi pht hin s vng
mc hoc vn bt hp l.
Cch thc phi hp
- Mc ch phi hp l nhm gim thiu nh hng ca th tc hnh chnh ti
tin thi cng xy dng c duyt, c thi gian xem xt v x l cc
yu cu, cn nu trnh t v thi gian cho vic trnh duyt cc kin ngh ca nh
thu thi cng xy dng.
- Quy nh thi gian ti a xem xt v gii quyt yu cu ca nh thu v thng
tin v ti liu lin quan (ni dung thng tin c th trnh by theo mu quy nh
ti 1.2.3).
- Quy nh thi gian ti a cho vic xem xt, ph duyt li, nu ti liu phi trnh
duyt li.
- Khng cho php bt c s gia hn no v tin ca hp ng nu nh thu
khng thc hin chuyn giao y ti liu trnh duyt n ch u t.
Bao gi ti liu
Nu quy cch, k hiu v ni dung nhn dn trn mi loi ti liu trnh d
nhn bit. V d: Cc thng tin trn nhn gm:
- Tn d n.
- Ngy trnh.
- Tn v a ch K s ca nh thu.
- Tn v a ch Nh thu ( nh thu trnh c th l nh thu chnh, thu ph,

nh sn xut, nh thu cung ng ).
- S hiu v tiu ca vn trnh duyt.
Phiu trao i
12

CH DN K THUT

Quy nh mu Phiu trao i thng nht cho ton d n. V d: bao gm, nhng
khng hn ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Ni dung xut, l do xut, ngi xut.
- Ni dung tr li, ngi tr li.
Chuyn giao ti liu
Quy nh hnh thc giao nhn ti liu gia cc bn c p dng thng nht trn
cng trng.
5.
Nht k thi cng

Quy nh v quy cch ca nht k
Nu mt mu nht k thng nht cho c d n v quy cch v hnh thc.
Quy nh v ni dung ghi nht k
Nu ni dung ghi nht k: bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ni dung sau:
- Tn cng trnh thi cng hoc hng mc cng trnh ang thi cng.
- S lng cng nhn ca nh thu m c trn cng trng v phn loi.
- Danh sch tt c cc nh thu ph, nhn vin v bt c chuyn gia no c mt
trn cng trng ngy hm . Danh sch c phn loi.
- Danh sch mi thit b trn cng trng.
- Kh hu (nhit cao thp) cng vi iu kin thi tit chung.
- Thi gian bt u v kt thc ngy lm vic.
- Tai nn v cc s c bt thng (nu c).
- Ghi nhn cc cuc hp v quyt nh quan trng c thc hin.
- Tnh hnh thi cng v khi lng cng vic thc hin.
- Cc th tc cp thit thc hin nh lp bin bn, lnh dng thi cng...
- Cc yu cu ca c quan kim tra thuc cc cp chnh quyn.
- Cc thay i c chp nhn v thc hin t ch u t hay k s gim st.
- Cc cng vic nm ngoi k hoch.
- Cng vic c hon thnh hoc cc ln khi ng th, kt qu nghim thu,
nh gi.
- Cc hng mc hon thnh tng phn v kt qu nghim thu hoc yu cu
chnh sa.
- Ngy hon thnh thc t c chng nhn.
6.
Quy nh v cc cuc hp
Phi t chc cc cuc hp lin quan n hot ng iu hnh d n c tin
hnh ti cng trng, trong cn quy nh r cc yu cu v cng tc chun b
cho tng loi cuc hp.
Ngi tham d
Cac bn tham d hp phi c ngi c nng lc v chu trch nhim chnh tham
d i vi mi loi cuc hp;
- Trong thng bo gi ti nhng thnh vin bt buc v thnh vin khc c
yu cu tham d phin hp phi ghi r ngy v thi im khai mc cuc hp.
13

CH DN K THUT

Chng trnh cuc hp

Ngi ch tr phin hp (v d: Gim c d n) phi chun bi chng trnh bui
hp v gi thng tin v chng trnh cho tt c cc thnh vin tham d.
Bin bn
Phn cng b phn no phi ghi li ni dung tho lun v nhng tha thun
quan trng t c. Quy nh vic k bin bn (ngi c thm quyn k, hiu
lc ca bin bn...). Quy nh v vic sao, gi bin bn ti cc ch th c lin
quan (ch u t, qun l d n, t vn gim st, nh thu thi cng xy dng...)
trong mt thi gian nht nh sau bui hp (v d: sau 2 ngy hoc 3 ngy).
Quy nh ngi c trch nhim
Ngi c trch nhim ca Bn A c trch nhim n c cc bn thc hin bin
bn v bo co kt qu thc hin ti phin hp tip theo.
Ngi c trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan phi c thc nhn vin ca mnh
thc hin cc yu cu bin bn hp thng nht ra.
14

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 3 - CC YU CU V QUN L CHT LNG

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny ch dn cc tiu chun, quy phm, quy nh ca Nh nc v qun
l cht lng cng trnh xy dng, cc quy nh v trch nhim ca cc bn
trong cng tc qun l cht lng.
Bao gm tt c cc chng c lin quan trong Ch dn ny
Cc nh ngha thut ng
Bo m cht lng: l cc hot ng, hnh ng v th tc c thc hin
trc v trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng nhm phng nga nhng sai st, v
m bo rng cng tc trin khai thi cng xy dng s, ang c thc hin l
tun th ng vi cc yu cu t ra trong hp ng.
Kim tra cht lng: l cng vic th nghim, kim tra cng cc hnh ng
lin quan khc trong v sau khi thi cng xy dng nhm xem xt, nh gi nh
lng cc sn phm c hon thnh l tun th ng vi cc yu cu tiu
chun p dng cho cng trnh.
Mu th nghim: l sn phm c kch c theo quy nh c s dng lm
sng t kh nng chu lc, thm m, cht lng ca vt liu v cng nh gi
cht lng cng tc thi cng, s phi hp v iu hnh.
Th nghim trc khi thi cng: Cc th nghim trn mu c thc hin
theo yu cu c th ca tng d n trc khi a cu kin, nguyn vt liu hoc
bin php cng ngh vo thi cng nhm m bo tnh nng hoc tun th cc
quy nh ca tiu chun c p dng.
n v th nghim: Cc th nghim v kim tra phi c thc hin bi mt
n v c t cch php nhn, c iu kin nng lc.
ngoi
2.
Yu cu chung v qun l cht lng

Cng tc qun l cht lng ca ch u t v ca nh thu trong qu trnh thi
cng xy dng. Nhng hot ng ny khng lm nh bt trch nhim ca nh
thu trong vic tun th theo cc yu cu ra trong ti liu hp ng.
Khi ch u t, hay cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn yu cu th nh thu
phi cung cp cc thng tin kim sot cht lng. Ni dung thng tin cn
cung cp khng gii hn trong nhng iu khon ca chng ny.
3.
H thng qun l cht lng ca Nh thu

H thng qun l cht lng
15

CH DN K THUT

Vic lp h thng qun l cht lng l mt iu kin m bo cht lng. H

thng qun l cht lng phn nh m hnh t chc thi cng xy dng trong
phi xc nh c k hoch nhn s cng nh cht lng nhn s; quy trnh,
th tc qun l; nhng hng dn thc hin; th nghim; ch bo co v cc
hnh thc s c s dng thc hin trch nhim ca nh thu m bo v
kim sot tt cht lng thi cng xy dng, m bo s phi hp tin thi
cng xy dng ca cc nh thu. H thng qun l cht lng phi c lp
trc khi trin khai thi cng xy dng. Bn k hoch ny phi c ch u t
xem xt chp thun.
Yu cu i vi nhn lc qun l
i vi nh thu phi b tr nhn lc c chuyn mn v kinh nghim ph hp vi
cng vic c m nhn theo yu cu ca d n.
Th nghim v kim tra
i vi k hoch qun l cht lng trong thi cng xy dng ca nh thu, trong
cn th hin chi tit cng vic th nghim v kim tra i vi cc loi sau
y:
- Cc loi th nghim v kim tra do nh thu phi thc hin c nu trong
h s Hp ng.
- Cc loi th nghim v kim tra c thc hin bi cc nh thu ph.
- Kim tra theo yu cu ca c quan c thm quyn m nh thu phi thc
hin.
Kim tra cht lng trong qu trnh thi cng
- M t quy trnh kim tra lin tc ca nh thu trong qu trnh thi cng xy
dng pht hin, ngn nga nhng vi phm v cht lng v nh gi cht
lng thng qua kim tra v th nghim.
- S kim tra ca nh thu trong lm r quy trnh v hnh thc t nghim
thu ca nh thu.
Bo co cht lng
Cc bo co kt qu th nghim, kt qu kim tra, kt qu nghim thu, bo co
cht lng nh k hoc t xut trong nu r nhng cng vic c chp
thun, nhng cng vic b t chi v kt qu khc phc, kt qu thc hin cc
yu cu ca ch u t v ca c quan c thm quyn. Cc ti liu cn c
quy nh sp xp mt cch khoa hc thun tin trong vic tra cu.
4.
Cng tc m bo cht lng

Phi xem xt trong qu trnh chun b v trin khai cc phn cng vic tng
ng nhm t ti s m bo rng vic lm ra mt sn phm s t cht lng
yu cu. Nhng yu cu c th cho tng cng vic ring bit c nu trong
phn yu cu b sung ca ch dn k thut.
Kim tra nng lc ca nh thu
Kim tra s ph hp v t cch php nhn ca ca nh thu c nu so vi h
s d thu.
Kim tra nng lc ca cc c nhn
16

CH DN K THUT

Kim tra nng lc ca cc c nhn ph trch ph hp vi yu cu cng vic

c m nhn so vi h s d thu.
Nng lc thi cng xy dng
Kim tra nng lc trang thit b thi cng xy dng, nng lc cng nhn xy dng
ca nh thu so vi cam kt trong h s d thu.
Kim tra nng lc ca n v th nghim
Phi kim tra nng lc ca n v th nghim so vi yu cu cn kim tra.
Th nghim trc khi thi cng
- Nh thu thi cng xy dng cn phi thc hin cc th nghim trc khi thi
cng.
- Bo co kt qu th nghim phi c gi ti k s gim st c chp
thun trc khi nh thu trin khai thi cng.
5.
Cng tc kim tra cht lng

Trch nhim ch u t
- Ch u t phi la chn mt t chc th nghim iu kin nng lc thc
hin v cng b cho cc bn lin quan bit phi hp:
- Ch u t cn cung cp cho nh thu tn, a ch, s in thoi ca n v
tham gia th nghim v nu r nhng loi th nghim v quy m h s thc
hin.
- Ch u t s thu mt c quan th nghim thc hin cc th nghim v
kim tra c bit m cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn yu cu, coi l
trch nhim ca ch u t.
Trch nhim ca nh thu
- Nh thu phi thc hin tt c cc th nghim theo quy nh ngoi cc th
nghim thuc trch nhim ca ch u t. Ngoi ra nh thu cn phi cung cp
cc dch v kim sot cht lng c yu cu bi cc c quan chc nng c
thm quyn.
- Nh thu phi c phng th nghim nng lc hoc i thu thc hin cc
dch v kim tra cht lng. Nh thu khng c cng s dng n v th
nghim thuc ch u t tr phi c ch u t chp thun bng vn bn
- Nh thu phi thng bo cho n v th nghim t nht l 24 gi trc khi tin
hnh th nghim hay kim tra. n v th nghim phi trnh ch u t v
cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn khi h yu cu cc bn bo co kt qu
th nghim.
- Nh thu phi thc hin cng tc th nghim v kim tra m khng c yu
cu b sung iu khon hp ng v cng vic ny thuc trch cng vic ni b
ca nh thu.
Trch nhim ca n v kim tra
n v kim nh c trch nhim:
- Phi hp vi gim c d n, k s gim st v nh thu.
- Cung cp nhn vin th nghim cng nh ngi ph trch c iiu kin
nng lc ph hp vi php th yu cu.
17

CH DN K THUT

- Cng k s v nh thu xc nh v tr v t chc ly mu ti ni sn xut hay

ti cng trng. Tin hnh th nghim c s chng kin ca cc bn lin quan.
- n v th nghim nhanh chng thng bo cho K s v nh thu v nhng bt
thng v thiu st nu quan st thy trn cng trnh trong qu trnh thc hin
dch v ca mnh.
- n v th nghim cn trnh bo co bng vn bn, c xc nhn, i vi tng
th nghim, kim tra, v dch v kim sot cht lng tng t cho k s, copy
cho nh thu v cho cc c quan chc nng c thm quyn.
- n v th nghim cn trnh mt bo co cui cng kt qu th nghim v
kim tra trc khi hon thnh phn ln cng vic. Bo co ny bao gm c danh
mc nhng sai st cha c x l. n v th nghim din gii cc th nghim
v kim tra v khng nh trong tng bo co l cng tc th nghim v kim
tra tun th ng vi, hay l i chch hng so vi nhng quy nh trong cc ti
liu Hp ng.
- n v th nghim s th nghim li v kim tra li nhng cng vic c
chnh sa.
Trch nhim ti hin trng ca nh sn xut
Khi c yu cu, i din c y quyn ca nh sn xut phi t chc kim
tra cc cu kin c lp rp ti hin trng v vic lp t thit b, bao gm c
vic kt ni cc dch v. Sau bo co kt qu bng vn bn.
Th nghim li/ Kim tra li
Nh thu phi cung cp cc dch v kim sot cht lng, k c vic th nghim
li v kim tra li i vi cng trnh sau khi sa i hay thay th nhng
khuyt tt trn cng trnh trc khng khng p ng c cc yu cu
nu ra trong cc ti liu hp ng.
18

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 4 - CC YU CU V VT T,THIT B (SN PHM)

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi vic la chn cc loi vt
t, vt liu, thit b s dng cho d n (sn phm u vo); vic phn phi, vn
chuyn, lu kho; cc tiu chun bo hnh ca nh sn xut cho tng sn phm;
vic bo hnh c bit v cc sn phm c th thay th.
Cc chng v ti liu c lin quan
Bao gm tt c cc chng c lin quan trong Ch dn ny
ngoi
2.
Th tc trnh duyt
Danh sch sn phm xut
Nh thu phi trnh danh sch cc sn phm chnh c xut s dng,
trong phi ghi r tn nh sn xut, thng hiu, s model ca mi sn phm
trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy t c tho thun v hp ng. i vi cc
sn phm qui nh tham kho t cc tiu chun, lp danh sch cc tiu chun
c th p dng ch u t xem xt la chn.
Ti liu trnh v d liu sn phm
Nh thu phi trnh d liu tiu chun ban hnh ca nh sn xut. nh
du mi bn sao nhn bit cc sn phm, model, cc la chn c th p
dng v thng tin khc. B sung d liu tiu chun ca nh sn xut cung
cp cc thng ring i vi d n.
Ti liu trnh v bn v thi cng
Bn v thi cng phi c chun b r rng, c th cho d n.
Ti liu trnh v mu
Ti liu minh ho cc c im, chc nng v tnh thm m ca sn phm vi
y cc cu kin v thit b km theo. Ring i vi vic chn la sn phm
cho phn hon thin, trnh cc mu c y cc loi v tiu chun mu
sc, kt cu, hoa vn ca nh sn xut.
Cc ti liu trnh khc
Thuyt minh cc tin ch v cc c im in nng, cc yu cu kt ni thc
19

CH DN K THUT

tin v v tr cc u ra tin ch i vi dch v ca thit b v dng c chc nng

i theo thit b.
Trch nhim ca ch u t, kin trc s hoc k s c y quyn
Khi cn thit, ch u t, kin trc s hoc k s c ch u t y quyn yu
cu nh cung cp sn phm thng tin b sung hoc ti liu hng dn nh
gi sau mt tun nhn c sn phm. Kin trc s hoc k s phi thng bo
cho nh thu v kt qu chp thun hay t chi trong vng 15 ngy k t ngy
nhn c mu sn phm hoc sau 7 ngy lm vic sau khi nhn c thng tin
hay ti liu b sung theo yu cu.
3.
Vn chuyn v giao nhn

- Tng thu (hoc gim c iu hnh) phi c k hoch phi hp theo mt quy
trnh phn phi sn phm n cc khu vc mt cch khoa hc nhm gim thiu
thi gian lu tr vt liu trn cng trng v kh nng h hi tim n i vi vt
liu lu tr.
- Vic vn chuyn v giao nhn sn phm phi theo ng vi cc hng dn ca
nh sn xut.
- Cn vn chuyn vt liu trong cc xe ti kn nhm trnh s lm bn ca sn
phm v vic vt ba bi ln cc khu vc xung quanh.
- Ngi tip nhn cn nhanh chng kim tra hng gi m bo rng cc sn
phm theo ng yu cu, v s lng v khng b h hi.
- Cung cp cho nhn vin dng c v thit b giao nhn sn phm tip nhn
khng b vy bn, bin dng hay h hi.
4.
Lu tr v bo qun
- Qui nh cc khu vc nhn/ tr hng i vi cc sn phm nhp vo chng
c th c phn phi theo quy trnh lp t v xp t thun li cho khu vc
thi cng nhm gim thiu lng ph do giao chuyn tha v dng sai.
- Lu tr v bo qun cc sn phm theo cc hng dn ca nh sn xut.
- Lu tr bng cc du v nhn nguyn vn, d c.
- Lu tr cc sn phm nhy cm vi kh hu trong iu kin kn gi, kh hu
c kim sot, trong mi trng c li cho sn phm.
- Lu tr cc sn phm ch to bn ngoi, t trn cc gi nghing bn
trn mt t.
- i vi vic che ph cc sn phm d h hng bng tm ph khng thm
nc. Cung cp h thng thng gi nhm ngn sn phm b bin cht.
- i vi vic ngn khng cho tip xc vi sn phm c th gy n mn, phai
mu hay nhum mu.
- i vi vic cung cp thit b v dng c cho nhn vin lu gi sn phm
m bo rng sn phm khng b bn, bin dng hay h hi.
- i vi vic sp t kho tr sn phm c th vo kim tra t xut, kim tra
nh k nhm xc minh rng sn phm khng b h hi v c bo qun trong
iu kin c th chp nhn c.
20

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 5 - CC YU CU TRONG THI CNG XY DNG

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi :
Chng ny nu cc yu cu chung v t chc thi cng xy dng, bao gm:
Chun b mt bng t chc thi cng xy dng; B tr K s hin trng v i
ng k s trc a; T chc nhn s v mi quan h iu hnh trn cng trng;
S phi hp cng vic gia cc ch th trn cng trng; m bo v sinh
mi trng v an ton lao ng; Trin khai cng vic v cc giai on phi
nghim thu; Khc phc cc khim khuyt (nu c); Thc thi cng vic v bo v
cc cng vic c hon thnh.
Cc chng lin quan
Lit k cc chng c lin quan n ni dung ca chng ny. V d: Chng ny
c lin qun n cc chng sau :
- Chng 2 - Cc yu cu hnh chnh.
- Chng 3 - Cc yu cu v qun l cht lng.
- Chng 6 - Ti liu hon cng.
ngoi
2.
Cc yu cu chung khi thi cng

- Thi cng, lp t cc sn phm c th c quy nh trong cc mc ring. Phi
tun th ng hng dn k thut v cc khuyn ngh trnh lng ph do cn
phi thay th.
- Kim tra cc b phn lp t theo phng ng v cao cc b phn c
lp t theo phng ngang, tr khi c cc quy nh khc.
- Thc hin cc gii php cu to ph hp trn b mt ti cc im chuyn tip
m bo s lm vic lin tc ca kt cu v hnh dng kin trc, tr khi c cc
quy nh khc
3.
Hi tho trc khi trin khai thi cng xy dng

- i vi cc hng mc cng trnh hoc cu kin c th cn thu xp mt cuc
hp ti cng trng trc khi bt u cng vic.
21

CH DN K THUT

- i vi s tham gia ca cc bn c nh hng n hoc b nh hng bi vic

thi cng cng trnh c th.
- Thng bo cho K s gim st trc bn ngy k t ngy hp.
- Nu yu cu chun b chng trnh v ch ta cuc hp.
- Lu li cc bin bn cuc hp v gi cc bn sao n cc bn tham gia trong
vng hai ngy sau cuc hp. V d: hai bn cho k s, ch u t, cc bn tham
d v cc bn lin quan n cuc hp.
4.
Chun b v trnh duyt cc bn v trin khai thi cng

- Thit k bn v trin khai thi cng trnh c th hin chnh xc cc thng
tin trn bn v theo ng t l quy nh ngi thi cng xy dng trin khai
trong thc tin. nh du vng trn hay bng cc cch khc ch ra nhng sai
lch so vi Ti liu Hp ng (nu c).
- Cc thng tin trong bn v trin khai thi cng bao gm v khng gii hn cc
ni dung sau:
+ Kch thc;
+ Thng tin nhn dng sn phm v vt liu s dng bao gm cc bng hoc
con s chi tit;
+ Cc thng s ph hp theo cc tiu chun c p dng cho d n;
+ Ghi ch cc yu cu cn i chiu;
+ Ghi ch ca kch thc cn c o c ngoi thc a;
+ Thng nht quy cch bn v thi cng ca cng trnh;
+ Khng s dng bn v thi cng m khng c ch u t kim duyt.
5.
Khc phc cc khuyt tt trong thi cng

Sau khi lp bn ghi nhn bao gm vic c b v b; di chuyn hoc thay
th mt chi tit trn cng trnh do c thiu st hay do s dng vt t, thit b
khng thch hp; ly cc mu t cng trnh kim tra khi c yu cu; c b
cc phn c khuyt tt trong cng trnh; thc hin ct, ni vi hng mc b sung
lin k
- Khi khc phc cc khuyt tt ca sn phm cn s dng cc bin php sao cho
khng gy h hi n cng trnh, b phn cng trnh ln cn, to b mt thch
hp sa v hon thin. C th quy nh chi tit cho mt s tnh hung nh:
+ S dng my ca b tng hoc mi khoan ng ct vt liu cng. Khng
cho php s dng cc dng c kh nn m khng c chp thun trc;
+ Khi phc cng trnh bng cc sn phm mi ph hp vi yu cu ca ti liu
hp ng;
+Chn bng vt liu kn kh, ngn nc ti cc v tr t ng k thut xuyn qua
sn, tng;
+ Ti cc v tr l cng ngh ca tng chng chy, vch ngn, trn hoc kt
cu sn cn trt khe h sau khi lp ng ng k thut bng vt liu chu la
tiu chun vi dy bng dy ca cc kt cu ;
+ Hon thin li b mt cc v tr va khc phc bng vt liu tng xng vi
phn hon thin lin k. i vi cc b mt lin tc cn hon thin li b mt
22

CH DN K THUT

n phn giao nhau gn nht hoc ch gy t nhin. i vi mt b phn cng

trnh c lp, hon thin li ton b b phn .
- Sau khi khc phc cc khuyt tt, cn hon thin b mt phng, nhn sao cho
khng gy s khc bit hnh dng v mu sc.
6.
Qun l li trc c cng trng

- Cn xc nh v tr cc mc chun ca li trc c trc khi bt u xy dng.
- Bo v cc im chun c nh trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
- Thng bo kp thi n k s gim st nhng mt mt hay h hng ca bt c
im chun hay im o trn cng trnh no do nhng thay i trong thi cng
hoc cc l do khc.
- Phi cn c li khng ch kho st gc. Khng c thay i bt c im no
m khng c vn bn thng bo trc n k s gim st.
- Xc minh nh k cc v tr o v mc chun b tr bng cc phng tin
tng t.
- Lp mt quyn nht k ghi li y v chnh xc kt qu kim sot v
kho st ang tin hnh.
7.
An ton cng trng

- m bo an ton cho li i li trn cng trng, trong ch r chc chn
cn thit ca cc cu thang, hnh lang tm, quy nh v lan can nhng v tr
d ng, quy nh mi che chn trnh vt ri vo v tr thng xuyn c ngi
qua li, quy nh v chiu sng cho cc li i,;
- m bo an ton in trn cng trng, trong quy nh r chiu cao ti
thiu ca ng dy in thi cng, in chiu sng, quy nh v s cn thit
phi che ma m bo cch in ti cc im u ni in, quy nh v cng
tc kim tra an ton in ( cch in, dy tip t,) i vi cc thit b,
dng c s dng in, quy nh v trang b kin thc v cp chng ch an ton
in i vi cng nhn vin lm vic trn cng trng.
- m bo an ton khi lm vic trn cao. Trong quy nh r v vic cn thit
phi c ro chn, lan can nhng v tr c th ri, ng, quy nh v vic s
dng dy an ton, quy nh v li an ton phng ngi hoc vt liu ri
gy mt an ton.
- i vi vic s dng cc thit b cu lp trn cng trng, trong quy nh r
v yu cu kim nh thit b, chng ch th iu khin, quy nh v bin php
bo m an ton khi cu lp (khng cho php ngi ng di v tr cu ang
hot ng, cn c bin, ngi cnh bo nguy him,)
- i vi hng ro cng trng, trong quy nh v hng ro trn mt t, li
an ton, chng bi trn cao, cc phng tin cnh bo (bin, n tn hiu)
nhng v tr c th gy nguy him cho ngi hoc phng tin qua li.
- m bo an ton, phng chng chy n trn cng trng trong ch r cc
tiu chun, quy phm phng chng chy n cn p dng, cc phng tin cha
chy khn cp cn c, cc quy nh v bo qun cc cht d chy (nu c),
8.
Bo v cng trnh sau thi cng

- C cc bin php nhm bo v phn trang thit b cng trnh c lp t
23

CH DN K THUT

khi cc h hi do hot ng xy dng gy ra.

- Cn tun th ch bo v c bit nhng ni c quy nh trong cc mc
ch dn k thut ring r.
- Lp hng ro v thit b tm thi c th bo v cho cc sn phm lp t.
Nu nhng bin php c th trong kim sot hot ng ti khu vc gn cng
trnh ngn chn thit hi.
- Dng cc tm ph bo v tng, cc ch cha ra ca cc cng trnh l thin
khi cn thit; bo v cc tng sn, cu thang hon thin v cc b mt khc
khi b lu thng hay di chuyn cc vt nng, bi lm hao mn. Di chuyn cc
tm ph bo v khi khng cn thit na.
- Cm vic i li hay lu gi vt liu, thit b trn cc b mt sn c yu cu
chng thm nc hay cc b mt mi. Nu vic lu thng hoc hot ng l cn
thit, phi c c cc khuyn ngh bo v ca nh sn xut vt liu chng
thm v vt liu mi.
- Yu cu qut sch cc khu vc c lt, gom dn cc b mt to cnh quan;
chuyn cht thi, vt liu tha, rc v cc thit b xy dng ra khi cng trng;
vt b theo cch thc c quy nh, khng t hoc chn; Dn sch cc mnh
v t mi nh, mng xi, ng v h thng thot nc.
24

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 6 - TI LIU THANH L V H S HON CNG

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi vic la chn cc loi vt
t, vt liu, thit b s dng cho d n (sn phm u vo); vic phn phi, vn
chuyn, lu kho; cc tiu chun bo hnh ca nh sn xut cho tng sn phm;
vic bo hnh c bit v cc sn phm c th thay th.
Cc chng c lin quan n chng ny bao gm:
Cc yu cu hnh chnh; Th tc trnh, bn v thi cng, d liu sn phm v
mu.
Tiu chun v quy phm p dng
Bao gm cc tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh.
2.
H s d n
H s d n bao gm, nhng khng hn ch, cc ti liu sau:
- Ti liu theo cc iu kin hp ng.
- Ti liu ang lu gi trn cng trng (cc bn v thi cng, ch dn k thut,
nht k thi cng, bin bn nghim thu).
- Ti liu ghi li cc sa cha thc t i vi cng trnh: (m bo ghi nhn y
v chnh xc cho php ch u t thun li khi kim tra sau ny).
- Bn v lu tr (l bn v hon cng): nh du r rng mi hng mc ghi
li cng trnh xy dng trn thc t, bao gm:
+ Nhng thay i thc a v kch thc v chi tit;
+ Nhng chi tit khng c trong cc bn v hp ng gc.
3.
Th tc thanh l
- Nh thu cn phi hp vi t vn gim st hon thin h s trnh nghim
thu khi cng trnh hon thnh.
- Nh thu trnh h s hon cng ln ch u t v cam kt c xem xt
v s ph hp vi ti liu hp ng v cng trnh hon thnh theo ng vi ti
liu hp ng v sn sng Ch u tip nhn chun b cho vic bn giao
cng trnh theo quy nh.
- Nh thu lp danh mc cng vic sa cha cc hng mc ca cng trnh trong
giai on nghim thu v tun th ng cc yu cu v k thut, m thut theo
thit k v theo yu cu s dng ca ch u t.
4.
Dch v bo hnh
- Ni dung v k hoch thc hin cc thnh phn cn quan tm trong giai on
bo hnh cng trnh c ghi r trong cc mc ch dn k thut trong thi
gian nht nh k t ngy hon thnh cng trnh.
- Lp k hoch kim tra cc thnh phn trong h thng trang thit b cng trnh
vi tn sut ph hp vi vic vn hnh tin cy cho h thng, lau chi, iu chnh
v tra du m nh c yu cu. V d: vic kim tra, iu chnh v tra du m
25

CH DN K THUT

theo h thng cc thnh phn, sa cha v thay th cc cu kin bt c khi no

c yu cu, s dng cc cu kin ca cc nh sn xut cc thnh phn gc.
- i vi dch v bo hnh. V d: Khng cho php phn chia hoc chuyn giao
dch v bo hnh cho bt k n v hay nh thu ph no khc m khng c vn
bn chp thun trc ca ch u t.
26

CH DN K THUT

PHN 3 - CNG TC CHUN B THI CNG

CHNG 1 - DN DP MT BNG
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny a ra cc ch dn k thut v cc yu cu cn t c i vi
cng tc chun b mt bng, pht quang n b cy ci, ph d cng trnh c,
bo v cc cng trnh c c gi li,
mu.
2.
Cc yu cu k thut i vi cng tc dn mt bng

Mt bng sau khi dn dp phi t c cc yu cu sau:
+ Ton b cc cy to, cc kt cu c khng nm trong danh mc c bo v th
phi c loi b
+ Cc gc cy phi c o v nht b ht r
+ Cc bi cy, c phi c pht quang
+ Cc vt ph thi, rc thi (nu c) phi c thu dn a ra khi mt bng
+ Ring cc cy to v cc cng trnh c nm bn ngoi khu vc mng cng trnh
th vic n b l khng nht thit, c th lp phng n bo v gi li.
+ Vic dn mt bng phi c gim st v nghim thu nh i vi cc cng tc
xy dng khc.
- Nh thu phi tin hnh ng cc tiu nh v cc khu vc trn mt bng
trc v sau khi thu dn mt bng.
3.
Thc hin
Chun b
- K s t vn gim st c trch nhim trong vic thit lp gii hn cng tc v
ch nh cc loi i tng, vt th cn dn dp hoc phi gi li c nh du
d nhn bit.
- Nh thu phi tin hnh dn dp v gi gn cc i tng, vt th c k
s ch ra.
- Khu vc t thi v khu vc ph thi, vt liu vt b ph hp tun th
ph duyt ca k s t vn
- Lp phng n bo m an ton khi n h cy, ph d cng trnh, t rc
thi
Dn dp, pht quang v o b cy ci
- C bin php m bo an ton khi n h cy c kch thc ln;
- Nu bin php x l i vi loi cy c ng knh ln (v d: D>200mm), cao
27

CH DN K THUT

trn 1m, cch d b gc cy, r cy.

- Cn dn dp x l i vi vt liu khng ph hp nm trong phm vi nn,
mng cng trnh.
- X l i vi cc hc lm, mng rnh khi o b v hon tr b mt.
D b cc cng trnh hoc kt cu
- Bin php m bo an ton khi ph d cng trnh c.
- Bo qun, tp kt, bn giao nhng b phn, kt cu c xc nh l ti sn
ca ch u t.
Bo v cc kt cu v cng trnh c gi li
Nh thu c trch nhim trong vic bo v v duy tr s hot ng bnh thng
ca cc kt cu v cng trnh cn c gi li trong sut qu trnh xy dng.
Bc d, vn chuyn v tp kt vt liu
- Tn dng cc vt liu thu c trong qu trnh chun b mt bng xy dng.
- Cn di di cc vt liu khng s dng c.
- Cn vn chuyn, tp kt vt liu thi c ln nhng cht c hi.
- Nh thu c trch nhim xin cp php cho cc v tr tp kt vt liu thi.
Di chuyn cc kt cu h tng cng cng ra khi phm vi cng trng
- Cn di chuyn cc ng dy in, cp thng tin (nu c) ra khi phm vi cng
trng khng lm nh hng ti sinbh hot ca cc cng trnh v khu dn c
ln cn.
- C cc gii php m bo an ton khi di chuyn ng dy in;
- C cc gii php i vi vic di chuyn cc kt cu h tng cng cng ngm ra
khi phm vi cng trng nh: ng cp nc, thot nc, ng in, cp
thng tin i ngm
28

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 2 - KIM TRA V BO V MT BNG CNG TRNG

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu v th tc i vi kim ta v bo v mt bng
cng trng c chun b trc khi t chc thi cng. Vic kim tra thc a
trin khai thit k t chc cng trng v cc cng vic bo v cc hng mc
cng trnh thuc h thng h tng k thut ca c khu vc cn c nu yu
cu chi tit trong chng ny.
mu.
2.
Kim tra iu kin cng trng

Cn xc minh v iu kin cng trng hin ti v b mt nn c th chp nhn
thc hin cc cng vic tip theo. Bt u xy dng hng mc mi c ngha
l chp nhn cc iu kin hin ti.
- Cn xc minh nn cng trng hin ti c kh nng chu lc cn thit chu
c cc loi ti trng phc v thi cng nh vt t, thit b c tp kt n
cng trng.
Cn o c ti ch thc hin thit k t chc cng trng cho ph hp vi
thc t tip nhn cc loi vt t, thit b, sn phm ch to sn hoc trc
khi bt u ch to nhm gim thiu lng ph do tha, thiu din tch.
Cn xc nh i vi cc dch v tin ch nh ng cng v, h thng in,
nc phc v thi cng v mc sn sng, ng cc c im v ng v
tr.
-Phi tin hnh kim tra cc iu kin hin ti ca khu vc cng trng trc khi
bt u tho cng xy dng. V d: bao gm cc cng trnh xy dng, cc loi vt
th d gy h hi hoc kh khn trong vn chuyn.
Tin hnh nh gi cc iu kin nh hng n vic thi cng khi mi bt u
cng vic. V d: Sau khi kho st khu vc cng trng hin ti, nh gi cc
iu kin nh hng n vic thi cng mi bt u cng vic v nh vy c
ngha l chp nhn cc iu kin hin ti.
3.
trnh
Nh thu trc khi thi cng cn trnh xem xt v ph duyt cc ti liu c
th. V d: cc bn tnh ton v cc bn v thi cng phi th hin phng php
sut cho mi kt cu v phng php bo v cc cng trnh k cn khu vc
mt bng xy dng.
Cc ti liu phi trnh v ph duyt, bao gm nhng khng hn ch, ti liu
sau:
+ Danh sch cc vt liu s s dng theo thit k;
+ Quy trnh thi cng;
29

CH DN K THUT

+ Cc chi tit minh ho cho phm vi cng vic;

+ Cc v tr c th cn gia c khi c yu cu;
+ Quy trnh kim tra chi tit;
+ Cc bn v thi cng v cc bn tnh;
+ D liu v trnh chuyn mn: i vi cng ty v nhn s c quy nh
trong h s d thu c nu kh nng v kinh nghim lm vic bao gm danh
sch cc d n hon thnh nu r tn d n, a ch, tn v cc a ch v kin
trc v ch u t v cc thng tin khc c quy nh;
+ nh hoc bng video phi c y v cc iu kin hin ti ca cc cng
tc thi cng k cn v s ci thin hin trng thi cng m c th b hiu sai lm
thit hi do h thng bo v cng trng v do cng tc chun b mt bng gy
ra.
4.
Kim tra cc chi tit ca mt bng mt bng

Trc khi bt u cng tc thi cng cng tc t. V d: phi kim tra v thm
tra cc kch thc v cao chnh.
Yu cu ghi li bng nh bt k vt ln no trc hoc vt nt ca cc kt
cu, mt lt v cc thiu st khc (nu c). Lp danh mc cc h hng hin ti
qua vic thm tra cc bc nh chp.
Xc nh r cc im chun v ghi chp li cc cao hin ti, nh v cao
o so vi cc cao chun.
5.
Kim tra cc thit b i ngm trong lng t

Nh thu kim tra v c bo co trc khi bt u thi cng tt c cc v tr v
cao ca cc hng mc cng trnh h tng k thut trong khu vc ln cn ca
cng trnh. V d: - Tin hnh kim tra cc vt th trong cc khu vc c th gp
phi khi tin hnh cng tc o.
Khng c lm nh hng n cc phng tin, thit b ang c s dng ca
khu vc mt bng thi cng tr khi c s cho php bng vn bn ca bn qun l.
30

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 3 - PHNG TH NGHIM V TRANG THIT B TH NGHIM

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi
Chng ny bao gm cc yu cu chung i vi phng th nghim, cc yu cu
v th tc trnh duyt, v quy trnh thc hin
- Cc yu cu hnh chnh; Th tc trnh, bn v thi cng, d liu sn phm v
mu.
ngoi
2.
Yu cu chung v th nghim
-Cc yu cu php l cho mt phng th nghim hin trng theo cc quy nh
hin hnh.
- Trch nhim ca nh thu v cng tc th nghim: t yu cu ca d n, yu
cu v phng tin, trang thit b th nghim trong phng v hin trng; lp k
hoch th nghim; trnh v nng lc th nghim vin.
- Quy nh s lng phng th nghim, v tr v quy m ca phng th nghim
hin trng cho tng gi thu ca d n (cn c vo hp ng giao nhn thu).
Trnh duyt
Quy nh trch nhim ca nh thu thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st, ch u
t trong vic trnh v ph duyt cc ni dung cng vic di y:
- V tr, quy m phng th nghim v trang thit b th nghim.
- K nng, trnh chuyn mn v chng ch ca th nghim vin, Trng phng
th nghim.
- K hoch v tin th nghim.
- Quy nh v thit b th nghim (tnh ph hp, chng ch kim nh).
- Thng k cc hng mc th nghim v tiu chun th nghim s dng.
- Quy nh trch nhim v quyn hn ca t vn gim st trong cng tc gim
st, kim tra v chp thun cc bc ca qu trnh th nghim.
3.
Phng th nghim v cc thit b th nghim

Phng th nghim
- Quy nh v tr ca cc phng th nghim trong phm vi gi thu.
- Quy cch ca mt phng th nghim hp chun.
Trang thit b th nghim
- Quy nh danh mc cc th nghim v cc thit b th nghim trong phng
tng ng cho cng tc th nghim. V d: th nghim t, th nghim xi mng,
th nghim thp, th nghim b tng
- Quy nh danh mc cc th nghim hin trng v cc thit b th nghim hin
31

CH DN K THUT

trng tng ng.

4.
Thc hin cng tc th nghim

Nu yu cu nh thu thc hin cc cng vic sau:
- Lp quy trnh v danh mc cc tiu chun th nghim s dng.
- Quy nh v k nng, trnh ca th nghim vin tng ng vi loi th
nghim. trch nhim ca nh thu i vi cht lng cng tc th nghim.
- Quy nh v nguyn tc v trnh t thc hin cho cc hng mc th nghim
khng thng xuyn, xc xut kim tra i vi tng l mu th nghim.
- Quy nh thng nht mu biu, bng bo co p dng cho d n.
- Quy nh v vic giao np kt qu th nghim.
5.
Trang thit b, tiu chun th nghim

- Danh mc trang thit b ch yu ca phng th nghim hin trng.
- Yu cu v s lng mu th nghim v tiu chun tng ng.
- Cc tiu chun th nghim Bao gm cc tiu chun, quy chun hin hnh.
Tham kho cc tiu chun nc ngoi
32

CH DN K THUT

PHN 4 - CNG TC HON THIN

CHNG 1 - YU CU CHUNG
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
Chng ny nu cc nh ngha, thut ng, cc tiu chun p dng, yu cu i
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc hon thin trong
cng trnh.
Cc nh ngha
lp nn c hiu l b mt lp sn, tng, ... c thi cng (xy th) trc
khi thi cng hon thin.
ngoi
2.
Chun b iu kin thi cng hon thin

Tip nhn hin trng trc khi hon thin
Cc ng dy in i chm di lp hon thin, ng ng nc, lp chng
thm, lp cch nhit ... nm di lp hon thin phi c thi cng xong v
c nghim thu bng vn bn.
Chun b thi cng hon thin
+ Chun b ng vo khu vc s c hon thin;
+ Chun b ng vn chuyn vt liu ti khu vc hon thin;
+ Mt bng phc v thi cng hon thin cn c xc nh c iu kin
thoi mi nht cho cng nhn thi cng. Khu vc thi cng hon thin cn c
xc nh c th cho mi v tr v theo tng cng tc hon thin nhm bo m
an ton cho cng nhn v nhng i tng khc trn cng trng;
+ Vic khoanh vng nguy him v vic dng ro chn hoc phng tin ngn
cch khu vc nguy him nm trn mt bng hoc bn di ni s thi cng hon
thin.
- i vi dng c, ngh, phng tin, trang thit b an ton c nhn phc v
cng tc thi cng hon thin (vn thng, cc loi dn gio (c nh, t nng,
treo...), knh bo v, dy eo lng an ton....):
+ Trang, thit b phc v thi cng hon thin phi trong tnh trng s dng tt;
+ ng dn in cp cho thit b hot ng phi c l dn an ton v yu
cu c bn v cp in cho my thi cng hon thin;
+ Bin php che chn trnh x hn v cc yu t gy ra mt an ton cho ngi
thi cng hon thin v nhng ngi trn cng trng nh tia x pht sinh t
thit b...
- V bin php bo m an ton chng chy khi cng tc hon thin c kh
nng gy chy. Cn lu trong vic s dng cc loi nha dn, sn, cc loi vt
liu d chy. Phi c bin cnh bo khu vc nguy him v chy n, v tr bnh
cha chy, loi bnh ...
33

CH DN K THUT

- Yu cu thot him khi c s c. V d: Li thot him phi c lp trong bin

php thi cng hon thin v th hin trn hin trng trc khi thi cng hon
thin. Ti hin trng cn treo cc bin bo ch dn thot him khi c s c.
Chun b lp nn (lp nn) cho cng tc hon thin
- i vi lp nn:
+ Lp nn phi sch s, ty loi cng tc hon thin m c cc yu cu khc
nhau nh to dc, bm dnh, chng trt, g, rnh lm . . .;
+ Lp nn cho tng cng tc hon thin cn c quy nh c th v phng,
chiu dy, nhm mt, s gia cng trc khi thi cng hon thin, m ti a
c php, nhm bo m cht lng lp hon thin.
- Nu yu cu v chiu dy cc lp lt nn. Cn c yu cu c th v chiu dy
lp lt nn, quy trnh thi cng lp lt nn, bin php thc hin lp lt nn.
- Yu cu v bm dnh. Ty loi cng tc hon thin, cn c yu cu v
bm dnh ca lp hon thin vi lp lt v ca lp lt vi kt cu.
- Bin php kim tra bm dnh trc khi thi cng v lu gi kt qu th
nghim kim tra lm h s nghim thu cng tc hon thin.
3.
Vt t, vt liu s dng cho hon thin

- i vi vt t, vt liu hon thin c php s dng. V d: Phi quy nh cht
ch v vt t c s dng trong cng tc hon hin. Nhng loi vt t s dng
cho hon thin c catalogues phi c ch u t ph duyt ra sao v cch lu
gi nhng catalogues ny. Nhng loi vt t khng c catalogues nh ct,
dm, vi... th nu phng php gi mu, cch nim phong mu v ni lu gi
mu.
- Ct cha v bo qun vt t, nguyn liu nhm trnh tc ng ha hc khi ct
cha gn nhau trong kho, bi lm nh hng n cht lng ca vt t, nguyn
vt liu hoc gy tc ng chy, n.
- C bin php x l i vi vt liu khng p ng yu cu s dng vo cng
trnh.
- i vi mu vt t dng i chiu trong qu trnh thi cng. Cch xt duyt
mu, cch lu gi mu, cch bo qun v ct gi mu, quy trnh, xc sut kim
tra vt
t theo mu, cch xc nhn vt t c s dng.
4.
Vn chuyn, bc xp v bo qun vt t hon thin

- Yu cu v phng tin vn chuyn, cch xp vt t trn phng tin vn
chuyn, bin php chng lc, chng rung, chng va p.
- Yu cu v ct cha tng loi vt t, cu kin hon thin:
+ Yu cu v kho ct cha, v phng thc vo, ra ca vt t cho tng loi theo
v tr ct cha trong kho;
+ Nu cch bo qun (mi trng vi cc c trng v m, thng thong,
khong cch chng chy lan ta, nh hng ha hc, nhim t ...);
34

CH DN K THUT

+ Thi hn lu gi ti a v ti thiu (ghi nhn thi hn lu gi v bo qun, quy

trnh kim tra cht lng vt t, cch x l khi qu hn, bin cht, khng c
php s dng.
5.
H s cn c trc khi thi cng hon thin

Danh mc ti liu cn c trc khi tin hnh thi cng mt cng tc hon thin:
bao gm nhng khng gii hn, cc ti liu sau:
- Bn v v cc yu cu k thut cho cng tc hon thin, bn thuyt minh cho
cng tc hon thin, bn ch dn thi cng. Ti liu ny do t vn thit k lp
hoc cc yu cu ca ch u t.
- Cc iu khon ca hp ng gia ch u t v nh thu lin quan n cng
tc hon thin.
- Bn k hoch thc hin cng tc hon thin hay k hoch iu chnh v cng
tc hon thin. Bn k hoch ny c ch u t thng qua c xc nhn.
- Thit k bin php thi cng ca nh thu trnh v vn bn ph duyt ca
ch u t. Nu bin php thi cng thu n v thm nh, phi c y vn
bn thm nh v c vn bn ca ch u t chp thun bin php thi cng.
- Ca-ta-l ca vt t, bn thnh phm v cu kin.
- Cc kt qu th nghim xc nh thnh phn, mu sc ca vt liu. Ty loi
vt t, cn yu cu cc bin bn kim nghim cht lng.
- Nhng th nghim kim tra bin php an ton khi thi cng hon thin vi y
xc nhn ca n v kim tra, nu cn, phi thm s c mt ca c quan
qun l nh nc v an ton ny.
- Kt qu kim tra s chu lc ca kt cu nn ca cng tc hon thin vi cc
loi cng tc hon thin c yu cu.
- Bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc trc khi tin hnh cng tc hon thin
hon thin nh phn t dy in ngm di lp hon thin, ng nc, ng
angten, cp v tuyn in v cc
loi ng dn khc.
- Cc tiu chun lin quan c ch u t yu cu phi s dng lm cn c
kim tra v nghim thu cho tng cng tc hon thin.
6.
Quy trnh phi tun th khi thi cng hon thin

Cng tc chun b cho thi cng hon thin
- Thi hn hon thnh cng tc chun b l 5 ngy, thi hn chm tr ti a cho
php cng tc hon thin trc khi thi cng l 10 ngy, sau khi k nghim thu
phn chun b.
- Quy nh v th tc nghim thu cc cng tc chun b trc khi thi cng hon
thin.
- Yu cu khi cn din tp v lm th: Cc yu cu v din tp v lm th kim
nghim cht lng cng tc hon thin, nu cn.
- Lp bo co v nghim thu mt bng v cc iu kin nu trn.
Tin hnh thi cng hon thin
35

CH DN K THUT

- Yu cu tun th quy trnh, thao tc v tc nghip c ph duyt trong

thit k
bin php thi cng.
- Ph bin v ch dn cho nhng ngi thc hin cng tc hon thin v quy
trnh, thao tc tc nghip khi hon thin, nhn mnh s phi hp trong qu trnh
thc hin hon thin.
- Nu cc ch theo di trong qu trnh thi cng.
+ Chu k kim nghim, cng c kim nghim, kt qu v dung sai. Phng php
nn chnh khi gp sai lch;
+ Cc yu cu v ghi nht k thi cng trong cng tc hon thin;
+ Vai tr t vn gim st;
+ Phiu yu cu kim tra, cch phi hp ca t vn v k s thi cng, ngi kt
lun chung v cht lng thi cng cng tc hon thin;
+ Vai tr gim st tc gi: Gim st tc gi v yu cu ca mu sc v cht
lng m thut, k thut ca cc cng tc hon thin, v s tun th kin ca
gim st tc gi thng qua k s t vn gim st, quy nh v trng hp cha
nht tr v cht lng cng tc hon thin gia k s t vn gim st v gim
st tc gi, quy nh v kin chuyn gia nc ngoi
(nu cng trnh c
chuyn gia nc ngoi);
+ Vai tr t gim st: Phng k thut ca nh thu trong vai tr t gim st.
Lnh sn
xut ca k s thi cng ca nh thu, s chp hnh kin ca k s t vn gim
st.
Bo dng cho cc lp hon thin trc khi bn giao
- Yu cu tun th cc bin php bo dng: S tun th cc tiu chun v bo
dng cng tc hon thin tng ng cho tng cng tc hon thin. S tun th
cc yu cu k thut trong b h s mi thu. S tun th ca tc gi thit k
trong cng tc bo dng.
- Yu cu quan st mi thay i trong qu trnh bo dng: Yu cu v quan st,
trch nhim v ch bo co ca nh thu trong qu trnh bo dng.
Lp h s hon cng nghim thu cng tc hon thin
- Yu cu i vi bn v hon cng: Bn hon cng l bn v thit k thi cng,
trong c ch r nhng thay i (nu c) so vi thit k thi cng c ph
duyt v c xc nhn bi nh thu thi cng v t vn gim st. Trong trng
hp xt thy cn thit th t vn gim st c quyn yu cu nh thu thi cng
thit k bn v ring b sung vo tp bn v hon cng nhm th hin r
(cu to, khi lng,...) ca b phn cng trnh thi cng.
- Yu cu i vi vic kim tra, xc nhn h s hon cng, trong thnh phn,
chc danh,.. k xc nhn bn v hon cng phi tun th cc quy nh hin
hnh.
36

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 2 - CNG TC XY
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc xy trong cc
cng trnh.
Ch dn k thut nu ti chng ny cn p dng cng cc ch dn nu ti cc
chng ca phn Cng tc b tng, b tng ct thp, gch .
2.

- TCVN 9377-2012 Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng
- TCVN 3121:2003, Va xy dng - Phng php th.
- TCVN 4029:1985, Xi mng - Yu cu chung v phng php th c l.
- TCVN 4030:2003, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh mn.
- TCVN 4031:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh do tiu chun, thi gian
ng kt v tnh n nh th tch.
- TCVN 4032:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh gii hn bn un v nn.
- TCVN 4314:2003, Va xy dng - Yu cu k thut.
- TCVN 7570:2006, Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut
- TCVN 1970- 1986 Ct xy dng Yu cu k thut
- TCVN-1451. -2009 Gch c t st nung
3.
Vt liu
Vt liu s dng cho cng tc xy trong d n bao gm cc loi vt liu chnh
sau:
- Gch xy tng bao ngoi, tng trong nh: S dng gch c nh my, cht
lng A, loi 1. Kch thc 210x100x60, b mt trn nhn, mu thm, tun
theo cc tiu chun cht lng ca TCVN-1451.
- Ct: Cc loi ct s dng cho cng tc xy phi p ng cc yu cu quy nh
theo TCVN 1970- 1986 Ct xy dng Yu cu k thut. Ch tin hnh s dng
ct en cho va mc thp, khng s dng ct en cho cc khi xy nm di
mc nc ngm v trong nc n mn.
- Xi mng: tun theo cc TCVN hin hnh v phi m bo cc yu cu ca d
37

CH DN K THUT

n. Cc loi xi mng c bit ch c php s dng trong cng tc xy nu c

s chp thun ca Kin trc s.
- Va xy gch nung: S dng va xy vi mc va v loi va ph hp c
th hin trn bn v. Cht lng v cc yu cu va tun theo TCVN - 4459. Cc
vt liu thnh phn trong va phi m bo cc yu cu ca TCVN v ct liu
va. trong trng hp s dng va kh do nh my sn xut phi c giy chng
nhn ca nh my sn xut v thnh phn, mc va.
- Nc: Nc s dng cho va trong cng tc xy phi l nc sch, tun theo
cc TCVN hin hnh. T l nc trong va xy phi tun theo cc yu cu k
thut.
- Lp dng vn khun, dn gio: Tun theo cc yu cu ca TCVN hin hnh.
Qu trnh lp dng v s dng vn khun, dn gio phi tun theo yu cu k
thut v cc ch nh trn bn v.
Yu cu v cng tc xy:
Xy tng thng v xy cc cu kin kin trc khc theo yu cu ca d n ,
c th hin trong bn v. Cc qu trnh thc hin cng tc xy tun theo
TCVN- 4085, TCVN- 4055 v cc ch dn - S dng nh mc vt t xy dng c
bn, cc ch dn ca Kin trc s i vi cng tc xy. Qu trnh xy c th bao
gm:
- Ly du trc, nh du mc ng mp khi xy, nh v gc v cc ch
ghp ni.
- t vin gc v cc vin gch mc.
- Ly du tng hng.
-
Xy theo ng ngm.
Cc nguyn tc k thut i vi cng tc xy:

-
Khi xy phi c xy theo nguyn tc ngang bng, ng thng, mt

phng, gc vung, mch khng trng, khi xy c, chc.
Va xy phi c do theo st v cng m bo theo cc tiu

chun hin hnh.
4.
Kiu xy phi m bo theo cc tiu chun v quy nh k thut.
Thi cng:
Cng vic bao gm ton b cc yu t v chi ph lin quan: nhn cng, nguyn
vt liu, thit b, cc dng c lao ng, cc cng tc vn chuyn cn thit
hon thnh cng tc xy theo Yu cu k thut v Bn v k thut. Cc cng tc
ch yu bao gm:
-
Cng tc xy gch.
Lanh t.
nh hnh cc kt cu kin trc.
Ct chng.
Xy cc kt cu chu lc.
Cc mc neo, gia c.
Va xy.

38
CH DN K THUT

Xy tng bng gch nung.

Xy tng bng gch c cc tng v khu vc theo bn v kin trc, bao gm
c cc kt cu thp ph tr cho tng, mi ni vi cc kt cu b tng. Tng
dy 110 v 220mm. Vt liu xy (gch, ct, xi mng, nc...) v quy cch xy
tun theo tiu chun Vit nam hin hnh TCVN - 4085, TCVN - 1451,TCXD - 127
v theo Cc Yu cu k thut chung.
V tr: Th hin trn bn v kin trc.
Xy cc kt cu khc
Nh thu phi c tnh cng vic xy gch cho tt c cc kt cu khc v chi
tit kin trc c ch nh trn bn v. Vt liu xy (gch, ct, xi mng,
nc...) v quy cch xy tun theo tiu chun Vit nam hin hnh TCVN - 4085,
TCVN - 1451,TCXD - 127 v theo Cc yu cu k thut chung.
Cc kt cu bao gm: Xy bc cu thang, bc b kin trc, xy bn hoa, xy
dng cc chi tit kin trc c th hin trn bn v.
V tr: Theo ch nh th hin trn mt bng kin trc
5.
Kim tra v nghim thu

Kim tra
- Cng tc kim tra cht lng xy tin hnh theo trnh t thi cng v bao gm
cc ch tiu chnh nh sau:
phng mt khi xy;
c chc v bm dnh ca lp va xy.
Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k.
- Mt trt phi tha mn cc yu cu:
Lp va xy phi dnh chc vi kt cu khi xy, khng b bong rp, rng.
Mt tng xy phng, khng g gh cc b;
Cc ng g cnh ca tng phi thng. Cc cnh ca s, ca i phi song
song nhau. Mt trn ca b ca c dc theo thit k
Dung sai ca mt tng xy khng vt qu cc quy nh hin hnh.
Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc trt c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm:
Cc kt qu th nghim vt liu ly ti hin trng.
Bin bn nghim thu vt liu xy trc khi s dng vo cng trnh;
H s thit k, cc ch dn k thut ca nh sn xut, cung cp vt liu;
Cc bin bn nghim thu cng vic hon thnh;
Nht k cng trnh.
39

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 3 - CNG TC TRT

1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc trt trong cc
cng trnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip.
Cc nh ngha
- Vt liu ch to va trt : Vt liu ch to va l cht kt dnh (xi mng,
vi), ct, ht lu, bt , bt mu, cc cht to mu, ph gia (cht chng
thm, cht chng n mn) dng ch to va trt.
- Nn trt :Nn trt l b mt ca kt cu s c trt.
- Mt trt :Mt trt l b mt lp trt.
2.

- TCVN 3121:2003, Va xy dng - Phng php th.
- TCVN 4029:1985, Xi mng - Yu cu chung v phng php th c l.
- TCVN 4030:2003, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh mn.
- TCVN 4031:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh do tiu chun, thi
gian ng kt v tnh n nh th tch.
- TCVN 4032:1985, Xi mng - Phng php xc nh gii hn bn un v nn.
- TCVN 4314:2003, Va xy dng - Yu cu k thut.
- TCVN 7570:2006, Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut
3.
Yu cu v thi im trt
- Cng tc trt nn tin hnh sau khi hon thnh xong vic lp t mng dy
ngm v cc chi tit c ch nh t ngm trong lp trt cho h thng in, in
thoi, truyn hnh, cp my tnh.
40

CH DN K THUT

4.
Cc yu cu k thut phi tun theo trc v trong khi trt

- B mt nn trt cn c c ra bi bn, lm sch ru mc, ty sch du m
bm dnh
- Trc khi trt, cn chn kn cc l h ln, x l cho phng b mt nn trt.
- Va dng trt phi la chn ph hp vi mc ch s dng ca cng trnh,
thch hp vi nn trt v lp hon thin, trang tr tip theo. Cc vt liu dng
pha trn va phi m bo yu cu k thut ca cc tiu chun hin hnh.
Trng hp c thm cc cht ph gia, vic pha trn va phi tun theo ch dn
ca th nghim v quy nh ca thit k.
- Va trt phi p ng c cc yu cu k thut ph hp vi tiu chun TCVN
4314:2003 v tiu chun TCVN 3121:2003.
- Trong trng hp lp va trt c chc nng lm tng kh nng chu la hoc
cch m, cch nhit, vt liu s dng v quy trnh ch to va trt cn c
tun th nghim ngt theo ng yu cu ca thit k v nh cung cp.
- Khi tin hnh trt nhiu lp trn b mt kt cu, cn la chn vt liu trt sao
cho gia nn trt, lp trt lt v lp trt hon thin c s gn kt v tng thch
v dn n, co ngt.
- Khi trt tng, trt trn vi din tch ln, nn phn thnh nhng khu vc nh
hn c khe co dn hoc phi c nhng gii php k thut trnh cho lp trt
khng b nt do hin tng co ngt.
- Nu bn trong lp trt c cc h thng ng ng kim loi, vt chn sn, vt
liu ch to va trt phi c la chn thch hp hoc phi c bin php phng
trnh sao cho khng xy ra hin tng n mn, ph hoi.
- Nu b mt nn trt khng nhm cho lp va trt bm dnh trn b
mt, trc khi trt phi x l to nhm bng cch phun ct, vy hoc phun h xi
mng ct, c nhm hoc cc bin php to kh nng bm dnh khc. Phi trt
th mt vi ch xc nh dnh kt cn thit trc khi tin hnh trt i tr.
- nhng v tr tip gip gia hai kt cu bng vt liu khc nhau, trc khi trt
phi c gn mt lp li thp ph kn chiu dy mch ghp v phi trm v
hai bn t nht mt on t 15 cm n 20 cm. Kch thc ca li thp khng
ln hn 3 cm.
- Ct dng ch to va trt phi c sng qua cc loi sng thch hp
t c kch thc ht ct liu ln nht (Dmax) nh hn hoc bng 2,5 mm khi
trt nhm mt hoc trt cc lp lt v (Dmax) nh hn hoc bng 1,25 mm khi
trt cc lp hon thin b mt. Cht lng ca ct tun theo TCVN 7570:2006.
- Xi mng phi m bo cht lng theo tiu chun: TCVN 4029:1985; TCVN
4031:1985; TCVN 4032:1985; TCVN 4030:2003
- dng lm ct liu trong lp mt trt ngoi l ht p t thin nhin
(canxit, lmit), si ht p t cui v si dng trong xy dng. Ty theo
ngun gc to thnh v thnh phn ha hc m c mu sc khc nhau nh
trng, xm, en
5.
Thi cng trt

- Nu b mt nn trt kh, cn phun nc lm m trc khi trt.
41

CH DN K THUT

- Trng hp c yu cu v phng, cc chi tit, ng cong vi chnh xc

v cht lng cao, trc khi trt phi gn ln b mt kt cu cc im mc nh
v hay trt lm mc chun ti mt s v tr.
- Chiu dy lp va trt ph thuc vo yu cu thm m, phng ca nn
trt, loi kt cu, loi va s dng v phng php thi cng trt.
- Chiu dy lp trt trn nn trt dy t 10 mm n 12 mm, nu trt dy hn
phi c bin php chng l bng cch trt trn li thp hoc trt thnh nhiu
lp mng.
- i vi trt tng, chiu dy khi trt phng thng thng khng nn vt qu
12 mm, khi trt vi yu cu cht lng cao khng qu 15 mm v khi trt vi yu
cu cht lng trt c bit cao khng qu 20 mm.
- Chiu dy mi lp trt khng c vt qu 8 mm. Khi trt dy hn 8 mm,
phi trt thnh hai hoc nhiu lp. Trong trng hp s dng va vi hoc va
tam hp, chiu dy mi lp trt bt buc phi nm trong khong t 5 mm n 8
mm.
- Khi trt nhiu lp, nn k mt trt thnh cc qu trm tng bm dnh
cho cc lp trt tip theo. trm c cnh khong 60 mm, vch su t 2 mm
n 3 mm. Khi lp trt trc se mt mi trt tip lp sau. Nu mt lp trt trc
qu kh th phi phun nc lm m trc khi trt tip.
- nhng ni thng xuyn m t nh khu v sinh, phng tm ra, nh bp
khi trt phi dng va xi mng ct c mc ln hn hoc bng M7,5 hoc va c
kh nng chng thm tng cng kh nng chng thm v tng bm dnh
gia cc lp trt.
- Trong iu kin thi tit nng nng hoc kh hanh, sau khi trt 24 h nn tin
hnh phun m bo dng v phng trnh hin tng rn nt trn mt trt.
- Khi trt cc lp trt c bit trn b mt kt cu nh trt sn; trt l si, trt
mi, trt ra, trt bm (trt trang tr), chiu dy lp trt lt to phng mt
khng c vt qu 12 mm, chiu dy ca lp trt hon thin b mt khng
c nh hn 5 mm. Lp trt mt ngoi c 5 cch x l to b mt to thnh
5 loi trt trang tr khc nhau l:
Trt sn (trt gai);
Trt l si;
Trt mi (granit);
Trt ra (granit);
Trt bm (granitin).
- Vt liu dng trt trang tr phi c cn ong theo khi lng hoc th
tch. Mc va v thnh phn liu lng pha trn vt liu phi tun theo yu cu
ca thit k.
6.
Kim tra v nghim thu

Kim tra
- Cng tc kim tra cht lng trt tin hnh theo trnh t thi cng v bao gm
cc ch tiu chnh nh sau:
42

CH DN K THUT

phng mt trt;
c chc v bm dnh ca lp trt vi nn trt. Va dng trt lt v trt
mt ngoi phi m bo cng thit k quy nh v thc hin nh 4.1.5 v
4.2.9.1;
Cc yu cu c bit khc ca thit k.
- Mt trt phi tha mn cc yu cu:
Lp va trt phi dnh chc vi kt cu, khng b bong rp. Kim tra bm
dnh thc hin bng cch g nh ln mt trt. Tt c nhng ch bp phi ph ra
trt li;
Mt trt phng, khng g gh cc b;
B mt va trt khng c c vt rn chn chim, khng c vt va chy, vt
hn ca dng c trt, vt li lm, khng c cc khuyt tt gc cnh, g chn
tng, g chn ca, ch tip gip vi cc v tr t thit b, in v sinh thot
nc;
Cc ng g cnh ca tng phi thng, sc nt. Cc ng vung gc phi
kim tra bng thc vung. Cc cnh ca s, ca i phi song song nhau. Mt
trn ca b ca c dc theo thit k. Lp va trt phi chn su vo di np
khun ca t nht l 10 mm;
Dung sai ca mt trt khng vt qu cc quy nh
Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc trt c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm:
- Cc kt qu th nghim vt liu ly ti hin trng.
- Bin bn nghim thu vt liu trt trc khi s dng vo cng trnh;
- H s thit k, cc ch dn k thut ca nh sn xut, cung cp vt liu;
- Cc bin bn nghim thu cng vic hon thnh;
- Nht k cng trnh.
43

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 4 - CNG TC LNG

1. Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lng trong cng
trnh .
Cc quy chun, tiu chun hin hnh.
Cc nh ngha
- Mt lng : B mt lp lng sau khi hon thin.
- Vt liu gn kt: Vt liu dng gn kt vt liu lt vi lp nn.
- TCVN 7570:2006 "Ct liu cho b tng v va- Yu cu k thut".
- TCXDVN 349: 2005 "Ct nghin cho b tng v va.
2. Yu cu v thi im lng
- Trc khi lng phi kim tra v nghim thu lp nn v cc b phn b che khut
(chi tit chn sn, chng thm, h thng k thut v.v).
3. Cc yu cu v vt liu
- Vt liu lng phi t yu cu k thut v cht lng, mu sc.

4. Cc yu cu v lp nn cho lng
- Lp nn phi m bo phng, n nh, c bm dnh vi vt liu lng v c

lm sch tp cht. Trong trng hp lp nn c nhng v tr lm ln hn chiu
44

CH DN K THUT

dy lp lng 20 mm th phi tin hnh b bng vt liu tng ng trc khi lng.
Vi nhng v tr li ln cao hn mt lp nn yu cu th phi tin hnh san phng
trc khi lng.
- Khi cn chia , khe co dn th cng vic ny phi c chun b trc khi tin
hnh cng tc lng. Nu thit k khng quy nh th 3 m n 4 m li lm mt
khe co dn bng cch ct t ngang lp lng, ly chiu rng khe co dn l 5 mm
n 8 mm, khi hon thin khe co dn s c chn bng vt liu c kh nng
n hi hoc t hn gn.
5. Cc yu cu v cht lng thi cng lp lng
- Mt lng phi m bo yu cu v mu sc nh thit k.

- Dung sai trn mt lng khng vt qu cc gi tr yu cu trong TCVN 93772012 Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng
- Vi mt lng c yu cu nh mu th ty thuc vo thi tit, m v nhit
khng kh m sau khi lng xong lp va cui cng c th tin hnh nh
mu. nh mu tin hnh bng cch ri u mt lp bt xi mng hay lp mng
h xi mng v dng bay hoc my xoa nhn b mt. Vic nh mu phi kt
thc trc khi vt liu lng kt thc qu trnh ng kt.
- Trng hp mt lng c yu cu mi bng, qu trnh mi bng bng my c
tin hnh ng thi vi vic v cc vt lm cc b v cc vt xc gn trn b
mt. Khi bt u mi phi m bo vt liu lng cng chu mi.
- Cng vic k ch thc hin sau khi hon thnh cng tc lng. ng k cn u
v chiu rng, chiu su v sc nt. Nu dng qu ln c ht chng trn cng
ln ngay khi lp xi mng mu cha rn.
6. Cc yu cu v an ton lao ng khi lng
- Khi lng phi tun theo cc quy nh hin hnh v an ton lao ng, an ton
phng chng chy n.
- Nu s dng my xoa b mt thc hin cng tc lng th cng nhn phi
c o to v vn hnh my trc khi thi cng. Lu an ton in v chng
cc vt thi mi vng bn vo c th.
7. Quy trnh thi cng
Chun b lp nn
Lp nn phi c chun b theo thit k, nu thit k khng quy nh th theo
yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu lng nn. Lp nn phi m bo phng, n
nh.
Lp nn phi c bm dnh, lm sch v ti m trc khi lng.
Trng hp lng bng th cng, trn mt lp nn phi gn cc mc cao lng
chun vi khong cch gia cc mc khng qu 3 m.
Chun b vt liu lng
Vt liu lng phi ng chng loi, cht lng, mu sc. Vic pha trn, s dng
v bo qun vt liu lng phi tun theo yu cu ca nh sn xut vt liu. Vt
liu lng c th l va xi mng ct hoc va polyme.
Vi vt liu lng l va phi tun theo TCVN 4314:2003
45

CH DN K THUT

Dng c lng
Gm bay xy, bay nh bng, thc tm 3 m, thc rt, ni v hoc my trc
c, bn xoa tay hoc my xoa, bn p, ln gai.
Tin hnh lng
Dn u vt liu lng trn mt lp nn, cao hn mt mc cao lt chun.
Dng bn xoa p cho vt liu lng c chc v bm cht vo lp nn. Dng
thc tm cn phng cho bng mt mc. Sau dng bn xoa xoa phng.
Vi mt lng c din tch ln phi dng my xoa phng b mt. Vic xoa
bng my thc hin theo trnh t sau: dng my trc c nh v ng ray ca
my xoa trn phm vi lng, iu chnh chn my cao thch hp, cp vt liu
lng vo phm vi lng, iu khin my dng qu lu nh ln trn b mt lng v
cnh xoa xoa phng.
Vi nhng mt lng trn nn b tng c yu cu nh: tng cng b mt chng
mi mn, axt phi tun theo thit k hoc yu cu k thut ca nh sn xut
vt liu. Nu thit k khng ch nh, thi cng theo trnh t: sau khi b tng
nn t 1 h n 2 h ri u cht lm cng b mt. i n khi cht lm cng se
mt, dng my xoa nn xoa bng b mt. Sau khi xoa bng b mt c th phun
lp bo dng.
Trng hp lp lng cui cng bng va xi mng ct th kch thc ht ct liu
ln nht khng qu 2 mm, xoa phng mt theo dc thit k.
8. Cc yu cu v bo dng
Khi thi tit nng nng, kh hanh sau khi lng xong 1 h n 2 h, ph ln mt
lng mt lp vt liu gi m, ti nc trong 5 ngy.
Khng i li, va chm mnh trn mt lng trong 12 h sau khi lng.
Vi mt lng ngoi tri cn c bin php che nng v chng ma xi trong mt
ngy n ba ngy sau khi lng.
9. Cc yu cu v nghim thu
i tng kim tra

B mt lp nn
Vt liu lt, lng
Vt liu gn kt
Cao mt lt v lng
phng mt lt v lng
dc mt lt v lng
c chc v bm dnh
gia vt liu lt, vt liu
lng vi lp nn
ng u v mu sc,
hoa vn, cc chi tit ng
Phng php v dng c kim tra

o trc tip bng thc, ni v, my trc c
Ly mu, th nghim theo tiu chun ca vt
liu
Ly mu, th nghim theo tiu chun ca vt
liu
o trc tip bng thc, ni v, my trc c
o trc tip bng thc tm, ni v, my trc
c
o bng niv, nc th hay cho ln vin bi
thp ng knh 10 mm
Dng thanh g g nh ln b mt, ting g
phi chc u mi im
Vi mt lt g hoc tm lt mm i th ln trn
Quan st bng mt
46

CH DN K THUT

vin trang tr v bng

ca mt lng
Cc yu cu c bit khc Theo ch nh ca thit k
ca thit k
Mt lt (lng) phi phng, khng gh gh, li lm cc b, sai s v cao v
dc khng vt qu cc gi tr trong Bng 1 v Bng 3.
Chnh lch cao gia hai mp ca vt liu lt lin k khng vt qu gi tr
trong Bng 2.
dc v phng dc ca mt lt (lng) phi theo ng thit k, nu c ch li
hoc lm qu mc cho php th u phi c lt (lng) li.
bm dnh v c chc ca vt liu gn kt hoc vt liu lng vi lp nn
kim tra bng cch g nh ln b mt lt (lng) nu c ting bp th phi bc ra
sa li.
Vi mt lt g i ln khng rung, khng c ting ku.
Vi tm lt mm, mt lt khng phng, khng nhn, khng cong mp, khng c
biu hin trt.
10. Nghim thu v dung sai
Nghim thu cng tc lt (lng) c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu
gm c:
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu lt (lng);
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu gn kt;
- Cc bin bn nghim thu lp nn;
- H s thit k hon thin hoc cc ch dn v hon thin trong h s thit k
cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc lt (lng);
- Nht k cng trnh.
47

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 5 - CNG TC LT
1. Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lt trong cng
trnh .
chng ca. Cng tc b tng, b tng ct thp, gch .
Cc nh ngha
- Gch lt: Gch xi mng, gch t nung, gch ceramic, gch granit, t
nhin, nhn to dng lt.
- Lp nn: Lp nm ngay di lp lt hoc lng.
- Mt lt: B mt lp lt sau khi hon thin.
- Vt liu gn kt: Vt liu dng gn kt vt liu lt vi lp nn.
- Mch lt: Khong cch gia cc vin gch lt hoc tm lt k nhau.
- Cht lm y: Vt liu lin kt lm y mch lt.
- TCXDVN 303: 2004 "Cng tc hon thin trong xy dng - Thi cng v nghim
thu
Phn I : cng tc lt v lng trong xy dng".
- TCVN 7570:2006 "Ct liu cho b tng v va- Yu cu k thut".
- TCVN 4732:1989 " p lt trong xy dng - Yu cu k thut".
48

CH DN K THUT

- TCVN 5642 : 1992 " khi thin nhin sn xut p lt".

- TCXD 85-1981 "Gch lt l da".
- TCXD 90:1982 "Gch lt t st nung".
- TCVN 6065:1995 "Gch xi mng lt nn".
- TCVN 6074:1995 "Gch lt granito".
- TCVN 6414:1998 "Gch gm p, lt- Yu cu k thut
- TCVN 4340 : 1994 "Vn sn bng g".
- Cc ca-ta-l v cc loi gch lt mi trn th trng m ch u t yu cu s
dng.
2. LT SN GCH
Cc tiu chun tham kho:

- QCVN 16:2014/BXD- Quy chun k thut Quc gia v sn phm, hng ha vt
liu xy dng.
- TCVN 4732:1989 p lt xy dng Yu cu k thut
- TCVN 6414:1998 Gch gm p lt Yu cu chung.
- TCVN 6883:2001 Gch gm p lt - Gch granite Yu cu k thut.
- Tham kho Cc tiu chun ANSI (Vin Tiu chun Quc gia Hoa K)
Ti liu lin quan
Cc bn v v cc iu khon chung ca Hp ng, bao gm cc iu kin
chung v cc iu kin b sung v cc Ch dn k thut p dng cho phn ny.
Phn ny bao gm:
Gch gm.
Ngng ca lt .
Gch granite nhn to.
H s trnh
- D liu sn phm: Cho mi loi sn phm quy nh.
- Bn v ch to: Th hin v tr ca mi loi gch lt v mu m gch lt. Th
hin cc chiu rng, cc chi tit, v cc v tr cc khe co gin, khe kim tra v
khe nhit trong cc nn nhn gch lt v cc b mt gch lt hon thin.
- Mu la chn ban u: i vi mi loi gch lt v va quy nh. Bao gm cc
mu ph kin lin quan n vic la chn mu sc.
- H s nng lc: i vi nh lp t c nng lc.
- Giy chng nhn sn phm: Cho mi loi sn phm, c ch k ca nh sn
xut sn phm.
- Bo co th nghim vt liu: Cho mi sn phm lin kt ng cng v trt va
gch lt v gch lt chuyn dng.
m bo cht lng
- Cc gii hn ngun gch lt: Mua gch lt thuc mi chng loi v mu sc
hoc gch lt hon thin t mt ngun hoc mt nh sn xut.
49

CH DN K THUT

Mua gch lt thuc mi chng loi v mu sc hoc gch lt hon thin t cng
ngun sn xut v c cht lng ph hp v c im hnh dng v c tnh vt
l vi mi khu vc lin k.
- Gii hn ngun i vi cc sn phm khc: Mua mi sn phm sau c nu
trong phn ny t mt nh sn xut n l cho mi sn phm:
- Hp trc khi lp t: T chc hp ti cng trng d n.
Xem xt cc yu cu trong ANSI A108.01 v cc nn nhn v v s chun b bi
cc hng mc khc.
Giao nhn, lu kho v bo qun
- Giao nhn v lu gi cc vt liu c ng kin trong cc cngtenn gc vi
nhn mc v tem cn nguyn vn, khng b rch nt cho n thi im s dng.
- Lu gi gch p lt v cc vt liu gn xi mng trn cc sn cao, c che
ph v ni kh ro.
- Lu gi ct liu ti cc khu vc m cc c tnh v cp phi v cc c tnh
c yu cu khc c th c duy tr v c th trnh nhim.
- Lu gi cc vt liu dng lng trong cngtenn c ng kn v c bo v
khng b ng bng.
- Bo qun gch p lt c lp ph bo v tm thi trn cc b mt l ra ngoi
ngn cc b mt c lp ph khng tip xc vi ng sau hoc mp ca cc
vt liu khc. Nu lp ph khng tip xc vi cc b mt kt dnh ca gch p
lt, gt b lp ph khi b mt kt dnh trc khi t gch p lt.
iu kin d n
- Cc gii hn v mi trng: khng lp t gch p lt cho n khi cng tc thi
cng cc khu vc trng c hon thnh v nhit v m mi trng
c duy tr ti cc mc c quy nh trong cc tiu chun lin quan v ch dn
bng vn bn ca nh sn xut.
Vt liu b sung
- Cung cp vt liu b sung ph hp v c cng ngun sn xut vi sn phm
c lp t v c ng kin vi lp che ph bo v lu gi v c nhn
bit bng cc nhn mc m t cc ni dung hng ho.
Gch p lt v cc ph kin trang tr: Cung cp s lng cc n v c kch c
y tng ng 3% s lng c lp t cho mi chng loi, kt cu, mu
sc, mu m, v kch c c nu.
Va xi mng: Cung cp khi lng va xi mng tng ng 3% khi lng c
t cho mi chng loi, kt cu, mu sc, mu m, v kch c c nu.
Yu cu v Sn phm
- Tiu chun gch gm ANSI: Cung cp gch p lt tun theo ANSI A137.1 v
chng loi, kt cu, v cc c tnh khc c nu.
Cung cp gch p lt tun theo cc yu cu mc tiu chun tr khi c quy
nh khc.
- Phi mu ti nh my: i vi gch p lt c mu sc khc nhau theo tng
mu, phi mu gch p lt ti nh my v ng kin sao cho cc vin gch p
50

CH DN K THUT

lt c ly t mt kin c cng tng mu vi cc vin gch c ly t cc kin

hng khc v khp vi m c ph duyt.
- Lp ghp: i vi gch p lt c lp ghp ti nh my, cn cung cp cc h
thng lp ghp gch p lt kiu ghp lng hoc ghp mp ph hp vi tiu
chun ca nh sn xut tr khi c quy nh khc.
Khi gch p lt c quy nh cho lp t trn cc cc thit b ngoi tht hoc
trong cc khu vc m t, khng c s dng cc h thng lp ghp gch p
lt kiu ghp lng hoc ghp mp tr khi nh sn xut gch p lt quy nh
bng vn bn rng kiu h thng lp ghp ny ph hp vi h thng lp t
c nu v c mt h s v thc tin phc v thnh cng ca sn phm.
- Lp ph bo v tm thi c t ti nh my: Ti cc v tr quy nh theo
chng loi gch p lt, bo v cc b mt l ra ngoi ca gch p lt khng b
bm dnh ca va v va xi mng bng cch ph trc bng mng sp parafin
du m lin tc, t nng. Khng ph cc b mt gch p lt khng l ra ngoi.
Cc sn phm s dng:
- Chng loi gch p lt sn snh, thng mi, dch v, vn phng:
Gch Ceramic hoc Granite nhn to
Kch c mun: 800mm x 800mm.
dy: ~10 mm.
Mu sc v Mu m gch p lt: Theo la chn ca T vn kin trc t bng
mu y ca Nh sn xut.
Mu sc va xi mng: Theo la chn ca T vn kin trc t bng mu y
ca Nh sn xut.
Cc ph kin trang tr: c phi hp vi cc kch c v cc ng gch p lt
phng lin k khi thch hp v khp vi c im ca gch p lt phng lin k.
Cung cp cc hnh dng nh sau, c la chn t cc hnh dng tiu chun ca
Nh sn xut:
Bng cc c tnh c bn ca vt liu:
Cc c tnh k thut c bn
Granite ph men
Khng
ct
cnh
Ct
cnh
Granite
mi
bng
0.6%
0.35 %
0.08 %
0.08 %
vung gc
0.6%
0.3 %
0.10 %
0.10 %
thng cnh
0.5%
0.3 %
0.03 %
0.03 %
vnh trung tm
0.5%
-0.07
0.21 %
-0.07
0.21 %
-0.04
0.08 %
vnh cnh
0.5%
-0.07
0.19 %
-0.07
0.19 %
-0.04
0.08 %
Ch tiu
Kch
ngoi
thc
Mc yu cu
cnh
51

CH DN K THUT

vnh gc
0.5%
-0.15
0.05 %
-0.15
0.05 %
-0.04
0.04 %
ht nc
0.5%
0.3 %
0.3 %
0.04 %
chng bm bn
cp 3
cp 5
cp 5
cp 4
mi mn b mt
cp 1
cp 5
cp 5
cp 8
bn sc nhit
Khng
nt
Khng nt
bn rn men
Khng
rn men
Khng rn men
cng Mohs
Gii hn bn un
35 N/mm2
61.4 N/mm2
bn ha hc
Khng
nh
hng
Khng nh hng
thi ch v cadimi
Khng pht hin
Chng loi gch p tng trng men cho khu v sinh cng cng.
Mt Kch c: 300 x 600 mm.
dy: ~10 mm.
Mt: Mu m thit k c nu, vi cc mp vung hoc m.
Lp hon thin: Men m c.
Mu sc v Mu m ca gch p lt: Theo la chn ca T vn kin trc t bng
mu y ca Nh sn xut.
ca Nh sn xut.
Chng loi gch p lt: Gch lt sn cho khu v sinh cng cng.
Kch c mun: 600 x 600 mm.
dy: ~10 mm.
Mt: Mu m thit k c nu, vi cc mp tiu chun ca nh sn xut.
Lp hon thin: Chng trn.
mu y ca Nh sn xut.
ca Nh sn xut.
Cc ph kin: Cung cp cc ph kin s thu tinh thuc chng loi v kch c
c nu, ph hp cho lp t bng phng php ging nh gch p tng lin
k.
Chng loi gch p lt: Gch lt sn ban cng.
Kch c mun: 300 x 600 mm.
dy: ~10 mm.
52

CH DN K THUT

Mt: Mu m thit k c nu, vi cc mp tiu chun ca nh sn xut.

Lp hon thin: Chng trn.
mu y ca Nh sn xut.
ca Nh sn xut.
Cc ph kin: Cung cp cc ph kin s thu tinh thuc chng loi v kch c
c nu, ph hp cho lp t bng phng php ging nh gch p tng lin
k.
Chng loi gch p lt: Gch lt ngng ca:
- Khi qut: Gia cng ti cc kch c v mt ct c quy nh hoc c yu
cu cung cp s chuyn i gia cc lp hon thin sn lin k.
Ct xin cc mp vi dc 1:2, vi mp di ca gc xin thng vi hoc cao
hn b mt sn lin k ti 1,5m. Ct xin lp hon thin khp vi mt pha
trn ca ngng ca. Gii hn chiu cao ca ngng ca ti 12,7 mm hoc nh
hn bn trn mt sn lin k.
- Ngng ca bng granit: ASTM C 615, vi lp hon thin bng mi.
M t: en, ht c trung bnh, ng nht, khng c vn.
M t: Ph hp vi mu ca T vn kin trc.
Ngng ca bng cm thch: ASTM C 503, vi sc chng chu mi mn ti
thiu l 10 theo ASTM C 1353 hoc ASTM C 241 v vi lp hon thin bng
mi.
M t: trng ht mn ti trung bnh, ng nht, c vn xm.
M t: Ph hp vi mu ca T vn kin trc.
Vt liu va ximng:
- Va xi mng ct-poc lng: ANSI A108.10, bao gm xi mng trng hoc xm
v ct liu trng hoc mu nh c yu cu to mu sc c nu.
- Va xi mng tiu chun: ANSI A118.6.
- Va xi mng epoxy c th lm sch bng nc: ANSI A118.3.
Cung cp sn phm c kh nng chng li s phi nhim lin tc v khng lin
tc vi nhit ln ti 600C n 1000C, tng ng, v c Nh sn xut chng
nhn cho mc ch s dng d kin.
- Va xi mng cho cc tm p lt sn: Cng sn phm c s dng trong
nh my sn cc tm gch p lt.
Cht bt kn n hi
- Khi qut: Cung cp cht bt kn, sn lt, cc thanh m, v cc ph kin bt
kn khc tun theo cc yu cu sau:
S dng cht bt kn c hm lng VOC 250 g/L hoc t hn khi c tnh ton
theo 40 CFR 59, Phn nh D (EPA Phng php 24).
S dng sn lt, cc thanh m, v cc ph kin bt kn khc do nh sn xut
vt liu bt kn gi .
53

CH DN K THUT

- Mu sc: Cung cp cc mu sc ca cht bt kn l ra ngoi khp vi cc mu

sc ca va xi mng trong cc khe ni bt kn lin k ca gch p lt, tr khi
c quy nh khc.
- Vt liu bt kn silicone chng chu nm mc sng, mt phn: ASTM C 920;
Chng loi S; Mc NS; Cp 25; cc cp s dng NT, G, A,v, thch hp vi nn
nhn khe ni khng c l hng c nu, c lp cng thc vi thuc dit nm,
c s dng bt kn cc khe ni gch gm trong nh v cc nn nhn khng
c l hng khc c nguy c phi nhim trong khi phc v vi m cao v nhit
cc tr.
- Vt liu bt kn Urethane c tnh chy, nhiu phn cho S dng T: ASTM C 920;
Chng loi M; Mc P; Cp 25; S dng T, M, A, v, thch hp vi nn nhn khe
ni c nu,.
- Cht bt kn chng chu ho hc: i vi cc sn chng chu ho hc, cn cung
cp vt liu bt kn n hi chng chu ho hc thuc chng loi c gi v
c sn xut bi nh sn xut va chng chu ho hc v va xi mng cho
chng loi t c nu, vi bin bn ghi chp dch v c chng minh v
tng thch vi gch p lt v cc vt liu ng cng khc, cng nh vi sc
chng chu ho hc tng ng va/va xi mng.
Trn va v va xi mng
- Trn va v va xi mng tun theo cc tiu chun lin quan v ch dn ca
nh sn xut va v va xi mng..
- Thm cc vt liu, nc v ph gia vi t l chnh xc.
- Mua v s dng loi thit b trn, tc my trn, cngtenn trn, thi gian
trn v cc quy trnh khc sn xut c va v va xi mng c cht lng
ng u vi cc c tnh hot ng ti u cho h thng lp t c nu.
THC HIN
Kim tra trc khi thi cng
- Kim tra cc nn nhn, cc khu vc, v cc iu kin ni gch p lt s c
lp t, di s chng kin ca Nh lp t, v s ph hp vi cc yu cu v
dung sai lp t v cc iu kin khc nh hng n kh nng hot ng ca
gch p lt c t.
Chng nhn rng cc nn nhn t gch p lt l cng, kh ro v khng cn
cc vt liu ph khng tng thch vi cc vt liu c nh gch p lt bao gm
cc hn hp lu ho v cc cht khc cha x phng, sp du m, du hoc
silicon; v tun theo dung sai phng c quy nh trong ANSI A108.01 cho h
thng lp t c nu.
Chng nhn rng cc nn nhn bng b tng cho cc sn gch lt c lp t
vi cc lp m va kt dnh tun theo cc yu cu cho lp hon thin b mt
trong ANSI A108.01 cho cc h thng lp t c nu.
Chng nhn rng b mt nhn lp hon thin nhn bng thp c kha rnh
bng my.
Chng nhn rng cc im li, lm v cc chm cao c xo sch bng ph
ct hoc mi.
54

CH DN K THUT

Chng nhn rng vic lp t cc b phn i ngm, cc neo, khung chm v cc

thit b c in ca hng mc cng trnh, cng nh cc hng mc tng t c
t trong hoc bn di lp gch p lt c hon thin.
Chng nhn rng cc khe ni v cc vt nt trn cc nn nhn gch p lt c
c phi hp vi cc v tr khe ni gch p lt; nu khng c phi hp, cn
iu chnh cc v tr khe ni theo ch dn ca T vn kin trc.
Ch tin hnh lp t sau khi cc iu kin cha tho mn c khc phc.
Chun b:
- Lp y cc vt nt, cc h v cc vt lm trong cc nn nhn bng b tng
cho cc sn gch lt c lp t bng keo dnh hoc va ng cng mng vi
hn hp v v ln phng do Nh sn xut vt liu c nh gch p lt ch dn c
th.
- Ti cc v tr quy nh, chun b cc nn nhn nhn lp chng thm bng
cch t mt di va t li thp tun theo ANSI A108.1A v dc 1:50 hng
ti cc ng thot.
- Phi mu: i vi gch p lt c cc mu sc khc nhau, chng nhn rng
gch p lt c phi mu ti nh my v c ng kin sao cho cc vin
gch p lt c ly ra t kin ny phi c mu sc ging cc vin ly t kin
kia v hp vi mu c duyt. Nu cha c phi mu ti nh my, tr li nh
sn xut hoc phi mu gch p lt ti cng trng d n trc khi lp t.
- Lp Ph bo v tm thi t lng: Nu c quy nh theo Chng loi gch p
lt hoc c yu cu ngn va xi mng khng b bin mu hoc bm dnh
vi cc b mt gch p lt l ra ngoi, ph bo v sn bng mng ph bo v
tm thi lin tip, ch khng ph cc b mt gch p lt khng l ra ngoi.
Lp t gch
- Tun theo TCA's "Cm nang lp t gch gm" v Phng php lp t TCA
c quy nh trong ti liu lp t gch p lt. Tun theo cc phn ca chui
ANSI A108 "Ch dn k thut v lp t gch gm" c tham chiu trong
Phng php lp t TCA, c quy nh trong ti liu lp t gch p lt, v p
dng cho chng loi vt liu ng cng v va xi mnging c s dng.
i vi cc h thng lp t di, tun theo cc quy trnh trong chui
ANSI A108 v tiu chun lp t gch p lt cho vic cung cp 95 % din tch
che ph bng va:
Cc sn gch lt ngoi nh.
Cc sn gch lt ti cc khu vc m t.
Cc sn gch lt bao gm gch p lt 600 x 600 mm hoc ln hn.
- M rng phn gch p lt vo cc ch trng v bn di hoc ng sau thit
b v c to thnh lp p hon chnh m khng b gin on, tr khi c
quy nh khc. Kt thc cng vic mt cch gn gng ti cc khu vc b cn tr,
cc mp, v cc gc m khng ph v mu m hoc thng hng ca khe ni.
- To hnh chnh xc cc im giao nhau v cc phn tht vo tng. Thc hin
cng tc ct v khoan gch p lt m khng lm h hng cc b mt nhn thy.
Mi k cc mp ct gch p lt tip gip vi phn trang tr, lp hon thin, hoc
55

CH DN K THUT

cc hng mc lp sn cho cc khe ni thng. t gch p lt st vi cc u ra

in nng, cc ng dn, cc thit b in, v cc l xuyn sao cho cc tm, cc
vng m, cc np y chng ln gch p lt.
- Mu ni: t gch p lt thnh mu dng li, tr khi c quy nh khc. B
tr theo s hng mc lt gch v t cc vng gch p lt vo chnh gia
theo c hai hng trong mi khong trng hoc trn mi khu vc tng. B tr
theo s hng mc gch p lt gim thiu vic s dng s dng cc ming
gch c kch thc nh hn mt na vin gch p. Cung cp cc chiu rng khe
ni ng u, tr khi c quy nh khc.
i vi gch p lt c gn trn cc tm, to cc khe ni gia cc tm gch p
lt c chiu rng ging vi cc khe ni trong phm vi cc tm gch p lt sao
cho cc khe ni gia cc tm khng b l qu trn hng mc c hon thin.
Khi cc vin gch p lt lin k trn cc sn, b, tng hoc trang tr c
quy nh hoc c nu l cng kch c, cn chnh thng hng cc khe ni.
Khi gch p lt c quy nh hoc c nu l c cc mi ni nguyn vn hp
li ca gch p lt lin k trn cc sn, b, tng hoc trang tr, cn chnh
thng hng cc khe ni, tr khi c quy nh khc.
- B tr theo s vn p gch p lt theo cc kch thc c nu hoc theo
kch thc y ca gch p lt tip theo vt ra ngoi gii hn cc kch thc
c nu.
- Ngng ca lt : Lp t ngng ca lt vi cng loi lp c nh nh
sn bn cnh, tr khi c quy nh khc.
Ti cc v tr khi lp va (ng cng dy) b l ra ngoi khc bn trn cc lp
hon thin sn lin k, t cc ngng trong va xi mng poclng-latex (ng
cng mng).
Khng c tri lp chng thm hoc mng cch ly vt nt bn di cc ngng
c t trong xi mng poclng ng cng kh hoc va xi mng poclnglatex. Lp y cc khe ni gia cc ngng v gch p lt t trn mng chng
thm hoc mng cch ly vt nt bng cht bt kn n hi.
- Cht bt kn va xi mng: t cht bt kn va xi mng ln cc khe ni va xi
mng kt dnh theo ch dn bng vn bn ca nh sn xut cht bt kn va xi
mng. Ngay khi cht bt kn va xi mng thm vo cc khe ni va xi mng,
lau sch phn cht bt kn tha khi mt gch p lt bng vi mm.
V sinh v bo v
- Lm sch: Khi hon thin cng tc t v trt va xi mng, lm sch tt c
cc b mt gch gm sao cho chng khng cn dnh cht l na.
- Bo v hng mc gch p lt c lp t bng giy gi loi dy hoc vt
liu che ph dy v chc khc trong sut thi k thi cng trnh bin mu, h
hng v b n mn. Nu c nh sn xut gch p lt gi , t lp ph cht
lm sch bo v trung tnh ln trn cc tng v sn gch p lt hon thin.
- Cm gim ln hoc xe c i trn cc sn gch p lt t nht by ngy sau khi
hon thin cng tc trt va xi mng.
56

CH DN K THUT

Trc khi kim tra cui cng, d b phn che ph bo v v ra sch cc cht
lm sch bo v trung tnh khi cc b mt gch p lt.
3. SN NN LT
Ti liu lin quan

Cc bn v v cc iu khon chung ca Hp ng, bao gm cc iu kin
chung v cc iu kin b sung v cc Phn 01 ch dn k thut, p dng cho
phn ny.
Mc ny bao gm cc ng dng sau ca khi
Lt nn ngoi nh
Ngng ca
H s trnh
D liu sn phm
- Cho mi loi cn bao gm d liu v cc t tnh vt l theo yu cu ca
cc tiu chun ASTM.
- i vi cc ph kin bng v cc sn phm c sn xut khc.
Bn v ch to: bao gm cc mt bng, cc mt ct, chi tit v cc file nh km
vi cc hng mc khc.
Cc mu la chn ban u: cho cc vt liu khe ni lin quan la chn mu
sc.
Cc mu i chng:
i vi mi loi c nu trong cc b mu ti thiu 300 mm 2. Bao gm t
03 mu tr ln trong mi b v th hin phm vi y cc bin i v cc c
im hnh dng bn ngoi c d kin trong hng mc cng vic hon thnh.
Cc mu s lp ln tiu chun cho cn tun theo.
Cho mi loi mu ch r loi va cn dng.
D liu nng lc: i vi nh ch to c nng lc.
D liu bo dng: Cho sn, nn lt bao gm trong cc ch dn bo dng.
Bao gm d liu sn phm cho sn phm chm sc c s dng hoc c
gi bi Nh lp t v tn, a ch,s in thoi cho cc ngun a phng cho
cc sn phm.
m bo cht lng
Cc h s nng lc ca nh sn xut: mt nh sn xut c nng lc chuyn
mn cung cp p lt theo yu cu.
Cc h s nng lc ca nh lp t: Nh sn xut .
Gii hn ngun cung cp : Mua mi loi t mt ngun m n c cc
ngun cung cp vt liu c cht lng ph hp v cc c im hnh dng bn
ngoi v c tnh vt l.
i. i vi cc loi bao gm cng danh sch cc loi v ngun cn cung cp
cng loi t cng ngun cho mi loi.
57

CH DN K THUT

ii. Ly mi khi ly t m khai thc c sn t vn kin trc kim tra

v cc c im hnh dng bn ngoi.
iii. To cc phin c sn cho t vn kin trc kim tra v cc c im hnh
dng bn ngoi: T vn kin trc s la chn cc mu phin c th chp
nhn c v mt thm m v s ch ra cc phn cha t v mt thm m ca
cc phin .
t ring cc phin mu c la chn cho s dng trn cng trng d n
v nh du ph duyt ng sau cc phin .
nh du v chp nh cc phn cha t v mt thm m ca cc phin
theo ch o ca t vn kin trc.
Gii hn ngun cung cp cc vt liu khc : Mua mi loi vt liu kt dnh,
va xi mng , ph gia, ph kin v cc vt liu khc t mt ngun c nht.
M hnh: Dng cc m hnh chng nhn cc la chn c thc hin theo
cc h s trnh mu v chng minh cc hiu ng thm m v t ra cc
tiu chun cht lng cho vt liu v thi cng.
i. Da vo m hnh ca din tch sn trong nh in hnh khong 2400 mm 2
ii. Da vo m hnh ca din tch nn ngoi nh in hnh khong 2400 mm 2.
iii. Ph duyt cc m hnh khng c ngha l ph duyt cc sai lch so vi cc
h s hp ng cha trong cc m hnh tr khi t vn kin trc ph duyt c th
cc sai lch bng vn bn.
iiii. Cc m hnh c ph duyt c th tr thnh mt b phn ca hng muc
cng trnh hon thin nu vn cn nguyn vn ti thi im nghin thu hon
thin cng vic.
Giao nhn, lu kho v bo qun
Nng bng cc dy nng ai rng, khng s dng cc loi dy thng hoc
dy cp c thc gay n mn. Di chuyn , nu c yu cu s dng cc loi
xe y c cc thanh m bng ng.
Lu gi trn cc gi hng c cc thanh cch ly khng n mn v cc lp
che ph chng thm, khng n mn. Thng gi bn di cc lp che ph
trnh ngng t.
Lu gi cc vt liu kt dnh trn cc sn, c che ph ni kh ro. Khng s
dng cc vt liu kt dnh c th b m.
Cc iu kin d n
Cc yu cu thi tit nng cho nn ngoi nh : Tun th cc yu cu kt cu
thi tit nng nu trong ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 v cc hng mc sau:
i. Duy tr nhit ca vt liu di 300C.
ii. Khng t va ln nn nhn vi nhit t 30 0C tr ln.
iii. Khi nhit mi trng vt qu 32 0C, phun sng hng mc lt nn
c lp t cho n khi t t nht 03 ln mi ngy cho n khi lp lt nn
c 03 ngy tui.
Cc sn phm s dng
Phin xanh th bm mt kch thc 1000x300x50
58

CH DN K THUT

Ph hp vi yu cu ca thit k
M t: xm, ht mn, ng nht.
Ct : ct theo va.
Hon thin : nh c quy nh.
Ph hp vi cc mu ca t vn kin trc v mu sc, hon thin v cc c
tnh khc ca lin quan n cc hiu ng thm m.
dy: ti thiu 50 mm tr khi c quy nh khc.
Hn hp va c v va lng
Va xy dng : cn tun th theo cc tiu chun tham chiu v theo cc ti liu
hng dn ca nh sn xut v t l pha trn, thit b trn, tc khuy
trn,thng cha hn hp, thi gian trn v cc quy trnh khc cn thit cho vic
sn xut va vi cht lng ng u v c cc tnh nng s dng ti u.
i. Khng s dng cc ph gia chng hn nh : cht to mu, ph gia to bt
kh, ph gia tng tc ng cng, cht cn ng cng, cht khng thm
nc, cc hp cht chng ng bng hoc cc ph gia loi khc tr khi c
ch nh.
ii. Kt hp cc vt liu va v trn tht k trong mt my tng m kiu c kh
tr khi c ch nh khc. Loi b va nu n bt u ng cng.
iii. Vic trn v mit mch : Trn k cc vt liu xi mng vi cc ct liu vi
nhau trc khi cho nc vo. Ch b sung nc ch to mt hn hp t,
khng gia cng c li va ny s gi nguyn dng ca n khi p thnh mt
qu cu trn. Duy tr va ny trng thi t trong vng 1 n 2 gi. B sung
thm nc theo kiu tng t mt cho ti kh va t ti st qunh nh
mong mun. Chi nn dng va trong khong 30 pht sau t trn ln cui,
khng c ram li hoc khng s dng vt liu b ho cng phn no.
Va xi mng Portland -Vi ninh kt :Cn tun th theo tiu chun ASTM C 270
ch dn v t l pha trn, type N dng cho xy trt ni tht v Type S dng cho
xy trt ngoi tht. S dng lng nc sn xut hn hp va cng c mt
b mt m t khi nn chun b sn cho p ..
Va Xi mng Portland-Latex ( nha cao su) ninh kt : Pha ch v trn xi mng
Portland ct liu, ph gia Latex theo nh ti liu ch dn ca nh sn xut ph
gia Latex v sn xut hn hp va cng c mt b mt m t khi nn
chun b sn cho p .
Lp dnh bm trn nn va : Trn xi mng nguyn cht vi ph gia Latex ti khi
thnh mt cht st nh kem.
Lp dnh bm Xi mng Portland -Latex bin tnh : Pha ch v trn xi mng
Portland, ct liu, ph gia Latex theo nh ti liu ch dn ca nh sn xut ph
gia Latex.
Lp dnh bm xi mng -nho: Trn hoc l xi mng nguyn cht hoc l ct vi
nc ti khi thnh mt cht st tng t mt lp kem dy.
Va mit mch: Cn tun th theo cc yu cu nu trn i vi loi va kt
cng k cc loi v cc dng sau:
59

CH DN K THUT

i. Va mit mch c mu: Chn v pha ch cc bt mu vi nhng thnh phn

khc to ra sc mu theo yu cu. Khng dng t l cht mu / xi mng
vt mu qu mc 1:10 v trng lng.
ii. Va hp khi xi mng Portland - Vi: s dng hn hp xi mng Portland - Vi
theo mu la chn.
iii. Va chit mch vi ct liu c mu: To ra sc mu theo yu cu bng
cch kt hp cc ct liu c mu vi Xi mng Portland c mu sc mu theo
yu cu.
Va lng chn khe ni: Cn tun th theo cc yu cu trong cc tiu chun ANSI
tham chiu v theo nh ti liu ch dn ca nh sn xut.
THC HIN
Kim tra
- Kim tra cc b mt c quy nh s nhn di s c mt ca nh lp t
v ph hp vi cc yu cu v cc iu kin khc nh hng n hiu qu
hot ng.
- V ghi chp,lp bo co bng vn bn c thc hin bi nh lp t, nu cc
iu kin c nh hng xu n hiu qu hot ng sn lt .
- Ch tin hnh lp t sau khi cc iu kin khng tho mn c khc phc.
Chun b
- Qut sch bi bn, gch vn v cc ht bm khc khi nn nhn bng b
tng.
- Loi b cc cht khi nn nhn bng b tng c th lm hi n kt dnh
va trt, bao gm c cc hp cht ng cng v bt kn,h du vn khun ( xi
mng ho nc ).
- Lm sch cc b mt b vy bn hoc bn bng cch loi b t, cc vt
bn v cc cht ngoi li trc khi t. Lm sch bng cch lau k bng chi
thp v sau di bng nc sch. Ch s dng cc hn hp lm sch mm
khng cha cc vt liu hoc cht nhm n da hoc th cng.
Lp t
- Thc hin cng tc ct cn thit ti cng trng khi c t. Ct thnh
cc ng thng v gn cng nh hon thin cc mp ct ti cng trng ph
hp vi cc mp ct ti xng. S dng ca in ct ngoi tr c
quy nh c cc mp c ct th.
- t tun theo cc bn v v cc bn v ch to. Ph hp vi v mu sc
v mu m bng cch s dng cc vin c nh s theo trnh t nh c
th hin trn bn v ch to.
- K vch v ct ti cng trng khi cn thit khp ti cc im chng
ngi. To ra cc khe ni gn c kch thc nh c quy nh hoc c nu.
- Lp t cc khe kim tra - khe co gin: t v lp t theo cc bn v v cc
bn v ch to.
Dung sai lp t
60

CH DN K THUT

- Thay i v tuyn : i vi cc v tr c th hin trn mt bng cho cc mp

ca sn, nn, bc thang, cc thay i v mu sc hoc lp hon thin v cc
ng khe ni lin tc, khng vt qu 3mm trong 2400 mm, 6mm trong 6m
hoc ti 10 mm.
- Thay i v chiu rng khe ni: Khng thay i dy khe ni qu 1,5 mm
hoc 1/4 chiu rng khe ni danh ngha, tu theo ci no nh hn.
- Thay i v phng b mt : khng vt qu 3 mm trong 3m, 6mm trong 6m
hoc 10 mm ti a so vi cao hoc dc quy nh.
- Thay i v bng phng gia cc vin lin k (Lipping): sai lch khng
vt qu 0,8 mm gia cc mt phng ca cc vin lin k.
Lp t trc tip trn b tng
- Ti t b tng bng nc sch vi gi trc khi t lp t c nh lt.
Loi b nc b mt 1 gi trc khi t lp t c nh .
- t lp bm dnh va trt lp t c nh lt ln b tng m v qut bng
chi cung cp lp ph ng u che ph hon ton b tng. Khng vt qu
dy 1,5 mm. Gii hn din tch lp bm dnh va trt lp t c nh lt
trnh khng b kh nc trc khi t lp c nh lt. t li ct thp ln
trn b tng. xp chng ti cc khe ni vi t nht mt li y v c
chng sao cho li thp c t chc chn vo gia lp c nh lt. Gi
cc mp ng sau cc b mt thng ng khong 13 mm.
- t lp m va cht ngay sau khi t lp bm dnh va trt lp t c nh
lt. Lt va m cht v lng phng n dy ng u ti cc cao c
yu cu t n cc cao hon thin c quy nh
- Ch trn v t va khi lt sn sng c t ln lp m va trc khi bt
u ng cng. Ct lng, mp, vt xin mp v loi b cc vt liu bt u
ng cng trc khi t lt.
- t trc khi va bt u ng cng. Ngay trc khi t lt trn lp c
nh gch lt, t lp bm dnh dy ng u 1,5 mm ln trn lp va m hoc
mt sau mi vin lt.
- m nn lt bng khi g hoc ming cao su c c nh chc chn
vo lp c nh v mang li cc b mt hon thin trong phm vi cc dung sai
c quy nh. t tng vin lt trc khi va bt u ng cng; khng
quay li cc khu vc ng cng v lm nh hng n cc vin khi thc
hin cn chnh thng hng cc b mt hon thin v hoc iu chnh cc khe
ni.
- V sinh cc khe ni n chiu su yu cu trt va vo mch khi cc vin
lt c nh vo v tr.
- Lp y cc khe ni sau khi ng cng bng va trt thuc chng loi v mu
sc quy nh. Thao tc bng cng c cc khe ni cho phng, ng u, phng
nhn v khng c l hng.
t lt trn lp mng chng thm
- t mng phn cch trn nn khu vc c quy nh t lt,c xp
chng t nht 100 mm ti cc khe ni.
61

CH DN K THUT

- Phn chng thm v lp t tm chng thm v bo v.

i. t lt v cc vt liu c nh lt mt cch cn thn ln trn lp chng
thm sao cho cc vt liu bo v khng b dch chuyn v lp chng thm khng
b thng hoc b h hng khc. Thay th cc vt liu bo v b dch chuyn
v b tri cc vin lt sa cha phn chng thm b h hng trc khi t
lt ph ln.
ii. Cung cp cht m khe ni bng g Ly-e, khi c nu, ti cc mng chng
thm c t p ln cc b mt thng ng hoc nu khng c quy nh cn
cung cp cht lp kn tm thi hoc bo v cho n khi hon thnh cng tc lp
t lt.
- t li ct thp ln tm bo v, xp chng t nht mt li y ti cc khe
ni v c sao cho li c t vo gia lp c nh lt. Gi cc mp
ng sau cc b mt thng ng khong 13 mm.
- t lp m va lng ln trn tm bo v vi li ct thp c hon ton vo
gia lp m va. Lng va, m cht v lng phng n dy ng u ti
cc cao c yu cu t n cc cao hon thin c nu.
- Ch trn v t va khi lt sn sng c t ln lp m va trc khi bt
u ng cng. Ct lng, mp, vt xin mp v loi b cc vt liu bt u
ng cng trc khi t lt.
- t trc khi va bt u ng cng. Ngay trc khi t lt trn lp c
nh gch lt, t lp bm dnh dy ng u 1,5 mm ln trn lp va m hoc
sau lng mi vin lt.
- m nn lt bng khi g hoc ming cao su c c nh chc chn
vo lp c nh v mang li cc b mt hon thin trong phm vi cc dung sai
c quy nh. t tng vin lt trc khi va bt u ng cng; khng
quay li cc khu vc ng cng v lm nh hng n cc vin khi thc
hin cc chnh thng hng cc b mt hon thin hoc iu chnh cc khe ni.
- V sinh cc khe ni n chiu su yu cu trt va mch vo khi cc vin
c nh v tr.
- Lp y cc khe ni sau khi ng cng bng va trt thuc chng loi v mu
sc quy nh. Thao tc bng cng c cc khe ni cho phng, ng u, phng
nhn v khng c l hng.
t lt trn k bn trn lp chng thm
- Xem phn chng thm v lp t tm chng thm v bo v.
- Lp t chnh xc cc vin k c chiu cao c th iu chnh c v cc
ph kin khc ti cc cao yu cu. iu chnh cho cc v dc cui cng
bng cc ming chn : lp k bng hn hp b tng, co phng ln trn mt
k v dng theo ACI 301.
- t lng cc vin lt nn trn cc vin k, duy tr chiu rng khe ni m,
ng nht. t cc vin tht kht da vo cc phn m xo b hin
tng di chuyn ngang ca h thng lt. Cn chnh thng hng cc mu khe
ni song song theo mi hng : B tr cc vin trnh cc vin c chiu
rng nh hn mt na ti ng bao hoc cc phn gii hn khc.
62

CH DN K THUT

- Lp t lt nn khng thay i cao hn 1,5 mm gia cc vin lin

k.
Lp t ngng ca
- Ti cc v tr gip sn lt , lp t ngng ca cng loi lp t nh sn
lt lin k tr khi c quy nh khc: t ngng ca vo lp va xi
mng pooclng-latex ng cng mng tun theo ANSI A108.5 ti cc v tr lp
m va trt s b l ra ngoi bn trn cc sn v nn lt lin k khc.
- Ti cc v tr khng lin k vi sn lt , lp t ngng ca vo lp va xi
mng pooclng-latex ng cng mng tun theo ANSI A108.5
Lp t bc thang
- Lp t bc thang tun theo mc "Lp t trc tip trn b tng ".
- Lp t bc thang vo va xi mng pooclng-latex ng cng mng tun
theo ANSI A108.5
Phun va
- Phun va cc khe ni lt bng va phun xi mng tiu chun hoc polyme
ci tin tun theo ANSI A108.10 v ch bng vn bn ca nh sn xut.
i. Khng s dng phun va c ct c nh bng.
ii. Phun va cc khe ni ngay sau khi lp t bt u ng cng. Phun va
phun vo cc khe ni, ch khng cho vy bn va phun ln vin lin k v
cc b mt khc. Sau khi va phun bt ng cng, hon thin cc khe ni bng
cch gia cng bng cng c to ra mt khe ni c mi nhn hi lm, khng
c cc vt nt kh.
iii. Dng va phun bng cch gi trong iu kin m khong 07 ngy ngoi
tr c nh sn xut gi khc.
- Phun va cc khe ni hng mc lt bng va phun epoxy c th lm sch
bng nc tun theo ANSI A108.6 v ch dn bng vn bn ca nh sn xut.
iu chnh v v sinh
- Loi b v thay th hng mc lt c m t di y:
i. b v tan, v dm, b bay mu hoc cc h hi khc. c th c sa
cha nu cc bin php v kt qu c t vn kin trc ph duyt.
ii. Cc khe ni c khuyt tt
iii. Nn, sn lt v cc khe ni khng ph hp vi cc mu v m hnh c
duyt.
iiii. Hng mc lt khng tun theo cc yu cu khc c nu.
- Thay th sao cho phi to ra hng mc lt ph hp vi cc mu v m hnh
c duyt, tun theo cc yu cu khc v khng li du vt thay th no.
- Lm sch theo tin : Lm sch theo hng mc lt theo tin cng vic.
Loi b cc ra va trt v cc vt bn trc khi gia cng cc khe ni.
- Lm sch hng mc lt sau khi cng tc t v phun va hon thnh. S
dng cc quy trnh c nh sn xut gi v cc kiu t.
- t cht bt kn ln hng mc lt c lm sch theo ch dn bng vn bn
ca nh sn xut cht bt kn.
63

CH DN K THUT

Bo v
- Cm i li trn cc khu vc c lp t trong ti thiu 72 gi ng h.
- Bo v khu vc c lp t trong sut thi gian thi cng bng giy gi
khng n mn. Khi cc khu vc lin k cn li ra vo cho thi cng, cn che ph
khu vc lt bng g dn cha x l dy ti thi 20 mm bn trn giy gi
khng n mn.
Nghim thu cng tc lt c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm

c:
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu lt;
cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc lt;
- Nht k cng trnh.
CHNG 6 - CNG TC P
1. Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
64

CH DN K THUT


vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu cng tc p trong cng
trnh .
chng ca. Cng tc b tng, b tng ct thp, gch .
Ti liu lin quan
Cc bn v v cc iu khon chung ca hp ng, bao gm cc iu kin
chung v cc iu kin b sung v cc phn ch dn k thut p dng cho phn
ny.
2. Phm vi cng vic
Bao gm cc cng tc lp t c ln trong nh:

p tng
p bng tm p tng
p ct
Phn trang tr
3. Yu cu thc hin
Neo v h thng neo theo tiu chun ASTM C 1242

4. H s trnh
- D liu sn phm cho cc hng mc sau:

i. Mi loi
ii. Vt liu lp t v cc sn phm khc.
- Cc bn v ch to : bao gm cc mt bng, cc cao , cc mt ct, cc chi
tit v cc h s nh km hng mc cng vic khc. Bao gm cc bn v nh
bng t l ln v cc b mt trang tr.
- Mu la chn ban u : i vi mi vt liu khe ni lin quan n la chn mu
sc.
- Mu chng nhn
i. i vi loi c nu trong cc tp mu khng di 300 mm 2 . Bao gm
ti thiu 03 mu trong mi b v th hin y phm vi cc c im b
ngoi trong hng mc cng vic hon thnh cui cng. Cc mu s thit lp ra
cc tiu chun m da vo c nh gi.
ii. i vi mi mu va phun, mit va v cht bt kn vo mch theo yu cu
- D liu nng lc: i vi nh lp t, nh sn xut v k s chuyn nghip.
- Bo co th nghim tng thch ca cht bt kn : T nh sn xut cht bn
kn, tun theo cc yu cu trong chng 07 mc " cht bt kn khe ni " v nu
r cht bt kn s khng lm bn hoc h hi .
- D liu bo dng : i vi b mt p trong nh bao gm trong cc ch dn
bo dng. Bao gm d liu sn phm i vi cc sn phm bo dng c
s dng hoc c nh lp t gi v tn, a ch v s in thoi ca cc
ngun sn phm trong nc.
65

CH DN K THUT

5. m bo cht lng
- H s nng lc ca nh sn xut : Nh sn xut c i ng cc cng nhn sn

xut theo yu cu ca khc hng v mt p trong nh tng t v vt liu,
thit k v phm vi c nu cho D n ny, c h s ti liu chng minh thnh
cng ca mnh ti mt s d n tng t.
- H s nng lc ca nh lp t : Nh sn xut b mt p trong nh.
- H s nng lc ca nh lp t : Nh lp t c i ng nhn cng lp t
c kinh nghim v k nng trong lp t b mt p trong nh tng t v
vt liu, thit k v phm vi c nu cho d n ny, c h s ti liu chng
minh thnh cng ca mnh ti mt s d n tng t.
Trch nhim ca nh lp t bao gm sn xut v lp t b mt p trong
nh bao gm c h thng neo v cung cp cc dch v k thut chuyn nghip
cn thit bo m thc hin tt cc trch nhim v k thut ca mnh.
Trch nhim k thut: lp cc bn v ch to v cc phn tch k thut ton din
bi mt k s chuyn nghip c nng lc.
- Gii hn ngun
Gii hn ngun cung cp : Mua mi loi t mt ngun m n c cc
ngun cung cp vt liu c cht lng ph hp v cc c im hnh dng bn
ngoi v c tnh vt l.
i vi cc loi bao gm cng danh sch cc loi v ngun cn cung cp
cng loi t cng ngun cho mi loi.
Ly mi khi ly t m khai thc c sn t vn kin trc kim tra v
cc c im hnh dng bn ngoi.
To cc phin c sn cho t vn kin trc kim tra v cc c im hnh
dng bn ngoi:
T vn kin trc s la chn cc phin c th chp nhn c v mt thm
m v s ch ra cc phn cha t v mt thm m ca cc phin .
t ring cc phin c la chn cho s dng trn cng trng d n v
nh du ph duyt ng sau cc phin .
nh du v chp nh cc phn cha t v mt thm m ca cc phin
theo ch o ca t vn kin trc.
- Gii hn ngun cho cc vt liu khc: mua mi loi va phun, ph kin , cht
bt kn v cc vt liu khc t mt nh sn xut n.
- M hnh : Dng cc m hnh chng nhn cc la chn c thc hin theo
cc h s trnh mu chng minh cc hiu ng thm m v t ra cc tiu
chun cht lng cho vt liu thi cng.
Dng m hnh khu vc tng in hnh nh c th hin trn bn v
Dng m hnh cho cc loi b mt p trong nh :
a. Lp p tng bng trong nh in hnh di khong 1800 x 2400
mm
b. p bng tm p tng bng trong nh in hnh vi tm p tng
kch thc 1800 mm x chiu cao y ca tm p tng
66

CH DN K THUT

c. Nn di khong 1800 mm.

d. p ct in hnh, mt ct hon chnh.
e. Phun hoc trt mch cc khe ni.
Ph duyt cc m hnh khng bao gm ph duyt cc sai lch so vi hp ng
cha trong cc m hnh tr khi t vn kin trc ph duyt c th cc sai lch
bng vn bn.
Cc m hnh c duyt c th tr thnh mt b phn ca hng mc cng trnh
hon thin nu vn cn nguyn vn ti thi im nghim thu hon thnh cng
vic.
6. Giao nhn, lu kho v bo qun
- Nng bng cc dy nng ai rng, khng s dng cc loi dy thng hoc

dy cp c thc gay n mn. Di chuyn , nu c yu cu s dng cc loi
xe y c cc thanh m bng ng.
- Lu gi trn cc gi hng c cc thanh cch ly khng n mn v cc lp
che ph chng thm, khng n mn. Thng gi bn di cc lp che ph
trnh ngng t.
- Lu gi cc vt liu kt dnh trn cc sn, c che ph ni kh ro. Khng s
dng cc vt liu kt dnh c th b m.
7. Cc iu kin d n
- Duy tr nhit khng kh v vt liu tun theo cc yu cu ca nh sn xut

vt liu lp t trong sut thi gian lp t v 07 ngy sau khi hon thnh.
- o c ti cng trng : Kim tra v xc nhn cc kch thc ca kt cu nhn
b mt p trong nh bng cc o c trc khi sn xut v ch r cc kch
thc trn cc bn v ch to.
Cc kch thc c thit lp : khi khng th thc hin c cc o c ti cng
trng m khng lm chm tr cng vic, lp cc kch thc v tin hnh sn
xut m khng cn tin hnh o c trn cng trng. Phi hp thi cng m
bo cc kch thc thc t tng ng vi cc kch thc c thit lp.
8. Phi hp
- Phi hp cc ming chn c t ngm vo trong b tng hoc khi xy v

hng mc tng t cn c s dng bi nh lp t p trong nh neo v
b mt p trong nh. Cung cp cc bn v t ,cc mu dng v cc
hng dn lp t cc hng mc v vn chuyn n cng trng d n kp
thi lp t.
- Giao nhn v lp t ng tin v mt p trong nh trnh lu gi trn
cng trng qu lu v phi hp vi hng mc lin k vi b mt p trong
nh.
9. Sn phm
P
Chng loi v ngun gc: r rng
Tun theo ASTM C615
M t: ht mn ng nht
67

CH DN K THUT

Ct : ct theo vn. Hng vn thng ng

Ct t mt khi hoc cc khi tip gip, khp nhau c cc vch du t nhin.
Vt liu lp t
Keo gn : 2 phn ,nha epoxy hoc cht kt dnh , nha polyester vi thi
gian lp t khng qu 02 gi 21 0C. Sc mu ph hp vi .
Va xi mng lng
- Va xi mng Portland - Ct: theo nh tiu chun ANSI A108.10
- Va xi mng loi tiu chun (thng dng): theo nh tiu chun ANSI A118.6
Hn hp va khng pha ct dng cho cc mch ni rng 3 mm v hp hn.
Hn hp va c pha ct dng cho cc mch ni c b rng trn 3 mm
- Va xi mng bin tnh bng Polymer theo nh tiu chun ANSI A118.7
Loi Polymer hoc l loi ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), th kh, dng c th ti
phn tn c ng gi t trc vi cc thnh phn kh khc hoc l nha
acrylic hoc cao su styrene butadiene dng keo lng dng b sung vo
hn hp va trn kh c ng gi sn.
Hn hp va khng pha ct dng cho cc mch ni rng 3 mm v hp hn.
Hn hp va c pha ct dng cho cc mch ni c b rng trn 3 mm.
- Va Epoxy c th dng nc xi ra sch c theo tiu chun ANSI A
118.3
Vt liu va mit mch
- Portland Xi mng : theo tiu chun ASTM C 150 loi I hoc II. Cung cp xi mng
c mu t nhin hoc mu trng theo yu cu to mu cho va nh c ch
nh.
Xi mng c kim thp : Tng hm lng kim khi kim nghim theo ASTM C
114 l khng cao hn mc 0,6%
- Vi ti : theo tiu chun ASTM C 207 loi S
- Hn hp vi - Xi mng Portland : Trn hn hp th c gm Xi mng Portland
theo tiu chun ASTM C 150 loi I hoc III, vi vi ti theo tiu chun ASTM C
207 loi S.
- Hn hp Vi - Xi mng Portland c mu : Trn hn hp th c gm Xi mng
Portland theo tiu chun ASTM C 150 loi I hoc III vi Vi ti theo tiu chun
ASTM C 207 loi S v cc cht nhum mu cho va gm cc xt st t nhin
hoc loi tng hp. Cc cht bt mu ny khng cha cacbon en ( mui than)
c ghi nhn l m bo cht lng tt lm va v c cha mt trng lng
xi mng Portland chim khng qu 10%. Cung cp hn hp vi cng thc pha
ch to c mu sc ch nh hoc nu khng c ch nh th to mu
nh c la chn trong s cc mu tiu chun ca nh sn xut.
- Ct liu : phi p ng c tiu chun ASTM C 144 ngoi tr trng hp va
dng cho cc khe ni hp hn 6 mm v loi va c ch nh th cn s dng
ct liu cp phi vi 100% lng ht qua c sng 1.18 mm.
Cc ct liu trng : ct trng t nhin hoc gc mu trng.
68

CH DN K THUT

Cc ct liu mu : Ct hoc l gc t cm thch, granite hoc cng

khc m c mu sc t nhin.
- Cc cht nhum mu dng cho va : cc cht bt xt st t nhin hoc loi
tng hp dng cho cc hn hp va. S dng cc cht nhum mu c ghi
nhn l m bo cht lng tt lm va v khng cha cacbon en.
- Ph gia Latex : Nh tng nha acrylic hoc nh tng styrene-butadiene cao
su dng lng dng lm cht thay th cho mt phn hoc ton b lng nc cho
vo va loi c bit c nh sn xut ph gia Latex khuyn co s dng vi
cht nn l va xi mng Portland trn ti hin trng.
Vt liu trm kn
- Cc cht trm kn khe ni :cht trm kn khe ni loi tiu chun ca nh sn
xut vi cc tnh cht c nu di y phi tun th c cc yu cu c th
vn dng nu trong chng 07 mc " cc cht trm kn khe ni " v khng lm
cho c bi trt b nhim mu ca chng.
Vt liu trm xilicon : loi n cht, khng mc, thi gian ng cng mc va
phi
Mu sc : cung cp cc cht trm nhng ch l din c mu ph hp vi sc
mu ca va cc khe ni cc phin lin k c trm kn nu khng c
ch nh khc.
- Vt liu trm khe hng : nhng cht trm gc polyme c ph gia ho hc lm
ng cng theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut, c tnh do, vi nhng c im
c nu di y phi p ng cc yu cu c th vn dng nu trong chng
07 mc " cc cht trm kn khe ni " v khng lm cho c bi trt b
nhim mu l vt liu trm xilicon.
Neo v ph kin km theo
- Sn xut cc neo bng vt liu thp khng g theo cc tiu chun ASTM A
240/ A 240M type 304, TCVN. Cc inh cht dng cho neo bng thp khng
g : bu lng, ai c v vng m bng thp khng g ram theo tiu chun
ASTM F 836M cho ai c, hp kim nhm A1, khung thp c nhng m km
theo TCVN .
- Ch to cc cht nh v bng thp khng g theo tiu chun ASTM A276 type
304.
- Li neo : l cc mng bng thp c cn ln c kch c v hnh dng theo
yu cu cho lnh vc s dng nu trn, c gia cng t thp tm khng g dy
khng di 2,8 mm v p ng yu cu ca ASTM A 653/ A 653 M , Z275.
Cc b phn ni v cc cht : Cc b phn c ch to theo tiu chun nh sn
xut vi kiu dng, kch c v vt liu theo yu cu m bo gn kt c
mt cch chc chn nhng li vo kt cu ca to nh cng nh gn kt
chc nhng neo vo cc li .
- Cc h thng neo gn trc tip : cc neo bng thp khng g c thit k
p t trc tip vo b mt tng nh. H ny c gn kt cht vo kt cu
khung tng, thanh np p tng di lp trt hoc vo ai tng cng bng
thp tm c gm vo tng bng cc vt ( bu lng ) thp khng g loi t
69

CH DN K THUT

khoan (khng cn khoan l t trc). Cc neo c lp vo rnh kha sn hoc

cc l khoan cc gi cnh ca cc tm p mt ni tht.
Cc ph kin khc
- Cc ming chm c nh tm thi: Cc ming chm bng nha cng, khng
lm nhim mu cho c kch c thch hp vi b dy khe ni.
- Cc ming chm nh v h thng neo gn trc tip: L nhng di (np)
bng nha n tnh hoc bng neoprene khng lm nhim mu cho , c b
dy ny cn thit ngn chn hin tng gy ra ti trng im (tp trung)
i vi cc neo v c chiu su thch hp vi cc b neo m khng xm phm
n cc b su ca cc vt liu chn khe.
- Cc cht ty ra: Cc cht ty ra p lt c pha ch ring cho cc loi
p, cc lp hon thin v cc ng dng c ch nh nh theo khuyn co ca
nh sn xut. Khng c dng cc hp cht ty ra c cha axit kim v cht
n th rm hoc cc b mi.
- Cht hn trm : l cc vt liu hn trm khng mu khng gy nhim mu
nn khng lm nh hng ti mu sc hoc cc tnh cht t nhin ca b mt
p , theo nh khuyn co ca nh sn xut p cho cc lnh vc s dng
ch nh.
10. Yu cu lp t cc tm
- t cc vin xng hoc nhng ni thch hp khc theo cc hng v

theo trnh t xut cho t vn kin trc kim tra. nh du nhng phin
bng s th t tm thi ch r v tr ca chng trong s b tr xut.
Nu c t vn kin trc chp nhn th mi t li c xp thnh mt chng
m bo chiu sng cc kiu v cc cp chiu sng chim ngng cch
bi tr p phng n lp t cui cng.
Khng c ct gt cc phin c kch c phi-mun tr thnh dng c kch c
theo mun, mc t hn. Nu b tr cha c s chp thun ca t vn
kin trc, tr khi c s ph duyt khc.
nh du vo mt sau ca nhng phin v cc bn v ch to ch r
hng b tr cc phin p cng trnh khi hon chnh.
- dy danh nh 25 mm tr khi c ch nh khc.
- Duy tr khe h ti thiu 25 mm gia cc mt sau ca cc phin vi cc b phn
kt cu, lp phng chy nu c cc gch chn v nhng kt cu khc pha sau
lp p. Khng nn dng cc tm mng hn 25 mm.
- Cc khe ni rng 6 mm c trm bng cht bt kn.
- Lm cc gc vn c rnh soi tr khi c ch nh khc.Lp t neo cc khe ni
pha trn v pha di thuc gc ca phin p
- B tr hoa vn : ch to v xp t cc phin c vn v nhng du hiu t
nhin khc theo yu cu sau:
B tr cc phin c vn ng.
B tr cc phin c vn hoa xen k.
70

CH DN K THUT

t mua cc phin ph hp tng hng. Gia cc hng p k tip th

khng cn c vn hoa tng hp.
11. Thi cng p
Kim tra
- Kim tra cc b mt c quy nh s nhn b mt p trong nh v cc
iu kin m b mt p trong nh s c lp t vi s c mt ca nh lp
t v s ph hp vi cc yu cu v dung sai lp t v cc iu kin khc nh
hng n hiu sut hot ng.
- i vi vic ghi chp, lp bo co bng vn bn c nh lp t xc nhn,
thng k cc iu kin c hi n cht lng hot ng ca b mt p trong
nh.
- Ch tin hnh lp t khi cc iu kin khng tho mn c khc phc.
Chun b
Lm sch cc b mt bn hoc b ry mu bng cch loi b sch t v cc
vt bn, vt liu l khc trc khi t. Lm sch bng cch lau k bng chi
si v sau ra bng nc sch. Ch s dng cc hp cht lm sch tnh du
khng cha cc cht n da, th rp hoc cc cht c tnh n mn.
Lp t
- Thc hin cng tc ct cn thit ti cng trng khi c t n nh.
S dng ca in c li kim cng ct . Ct cc ng thng v nhn vi
cc mp c vt nh trnh to cc vt ct.
- Hng mc lin k : Cung cp cc phn l ra ngoi v cc l m nh c yu
cu phc v hng mc lin k.
- t tun theo cc yu cu c nu trn cc bn v v cc bn v ch to.
Lp t cc neo, cc ct , cc cht c nh v cc g khc c quy nh
hoc cn thit c nh vo ng v tr. m lt v iu chnh cc neo, cc
thanh v cc ph kin t chnh xc vo cc v tr c nu vi mp v
mt thng hng theo cc mi quan h c thit lp v cc dung sai quy nh.
- Lp t cc vin ngay ngn , thng hng v chnh xc vi cc chiu rng
khe ni ng u. S dng cc tm chm tm thi gi n nh chiu rng ca
khe ni.
Bit kn cc khe co gin , khe kim tra v khe an ton nh c nu trong chng
07 phn " Cht bt kn khe ni ".
Gi cc khe co gin, khe kim tra v khe an ton khng cn thch cao, va trt,
va phun v cc vt liu cng khc.
- t cc vin vng chc da vo cc im t. t cc im t ti cc neo
v cch nhau khng qu 450 mm qua lng ca vin , nhng cn cung cp ti
thiu 1 im t mi 0,18 m2, Tr khi c quy nh khc. t cc v tr trn
h thng neo gn trc tip vi neo c gn cht ch vi v vi cc b mt
ph tr. Tun theo cc ch dn trong ASTM C 1242.
Phi nhim vi m: S dng xi mng poc lng cho cc im t khi c
t vo mt trong ca cc mt tng ngoi nh v ti cc v tr khc m v
cc l hng s b phi nhim vi m
71

CH DN K THUT

Cung cp cht m chu nn ti cc u mt ca cc bu lng gin n v cc vu

neo ln . Lp y phn cn li ca cc h neo v cc rnh bng cht bt kn
c nu lp kn cc rnh.
t trn cc kp hoc cc gc lin tc trn cc tm chm c nh n hi. S
dng vt liu c dy yu cu duy tr chiu rng cc khe ni ng u v
ngn ti trong im ca ln cc mc neo. Gi cc tm chm ng sau mt
khong cch t nht tng ng vi chiu rng ca khe ni.
- Cc neo ti thiu: Cung cc cho cc neo ti ti a 600 mm o.c quanh chu vi cc
panen p trong nh ti thiu 4 neo mi panen.
Cc neo ti thiu: Cung cp ti thiu 4 neo mi panen ti 1,1m2 din tch mt,
ti thiu 2 neo b sung cho mi 0,7 m2 b sung.
- Phun va cc khe ni sau khi t.
Bo v
Bo v b mt , cnh v gc khi h hi khi thi cng. S dng g vn p, hoc
cc ba ct tng ngn chn h hi.
Trc khi kim tra hon thin, loi b sch s lp ph bo v cc b mt
Dung sai thi cng

- Dung sai v thng ng: i vi cc b mt v cc ng thng ng,
khng c vt qu 3 mm trong 2400 mm, ti a 6mm
- Dung sai v bng phng: i vi cc lanh t, cc ngng ca, cc tay vn,
cc di ngang, cc rnh ngang v cc ng d thy khc, khng vt qu 3
mm trong 3 m , 6 mm trong 6 m, ti a 10 mm.
- Dung sai v ch gii xy dng theo chiu di: i vi v tr c th hin trn
mt bng v phn tng v vch ngn lin quan, khng vt qu 3 mm trong
2400 mm, 6 mm trong 3 m, ti a l 10 mm.
- Dung sai i vi kch thc mt ct ngang: i vi giy ca tng t cc
kch thc c nu, khng c vt qu 3 mm.
- Dung sai i vi chiu rng khe ni: Khng c thay i chiu dy khe ni qu
1,5 mm hoc chiu rng khe ni danh ngha, ty theo ci no nh hn.
- Dung sai i vi mt bng cc vin lin k (Lipping): Khng c vt qu
0,8 mm sai lch gia cc mt bng ca cc vin lin k.
Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc p c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu
gm c:
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu lt;
cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc p;
72

CH DN K THUT

- Nht k cng trnh.
CHNG 7 - CNG TC SN HON THIN

1. Yu cu chung
Tr khi c quy nh chi tit khc, cng vic ny bao gm sn kim loi chm hoc
kim loi l ngoi, va xy v tng b tng l ngoi ca cc to nh, g l
ngoi, thit b, ng ng, khung v ton b cc b mt khc cn phi sn. Nu
nh c nhng hng mc nh no b st v khng c a vo trong k hoch
sn, vic b st cng khng gim bt ngha v ca Nh thu, v Nh thu
vn phi thc hin hng mc . Trc khi bt u cng vic, Nh thu phi
trnh np vt liu v thit k cc lp sn K s (c GLVN ch nh) duyt.
2. Vt liu
Sn phi p ng nhng yu cu k thut thch hp, tr khi c chp thun c

th, ton b vt liu sn phi c ly t cng mt nh sn xut. Tt c vt liu
phi c giao ca hng hoc trn Hin trng trong cc thng ng nguyn
ai nguyn kin, cn nguyn nhn mc ca nh sn xut sn. Mu sc phi theo
ch dn ca K s (c GLVN ch nh).
3. Chun b b mt
Ton b b mt cn sn phi c lm sch k b i cc cht ngoi lai bng

cch s dng dung mi, bn chi thp, my co hoc phun ct c chp
thun. lp rp, thit b in v cc ph tng ph kin khc phi c tho
hoc c che ph thch hp trong sut qu trnh chun b v sn.
B mt kim loi B mt kim loi phi c lm sch khng cn vy, bt kh, g,
v x hn. Nhng cnh sc phi c mi. Du m phi c lm sch k bng
cn t nhin hoc dung mi. Lp lt phi c sn ngay sau khi lm sch
trnh b g li.
B mt g b mt phi c nh giy rp to phng. Nu khng lm kh,
g khng c sn hoc khng c hon thin. Ton b g dc, g c vt v
mt g phi c ph bng Lp ph Mt g. Nha tha d phi c b i bng
n thi, my co hoc dung mi. Sau , lp lt s c sn khi cc l inh v
mt g c chn y bng bt mt tt, kh v nh giy rp.
B mt b tng v khi xy B mt b tng v khi xy phi ch t nht
mt thng trc khi sn. Tt c b mt b tng phi c lm sch khng cn
bi, du, hp cht bo dng v cht ngoi lai khc. S ln hoa trn nhng b
mt ny phi c lm sch bng vic s dng dung dch axt hir-clorc 15 20%.
B mt trt va b mt va trt phi c sn khng di 60 ngy sau ngy
trt va. S ln hoa trn b mt phi c lm sch nh ni trn.
73

CH DN K THUT

4. Yu cu k thut
Ton b cng tc sn phi c lm tun th nghim tc nhng ch dn k thut

v yu cu ca nh sn xut. Trn b mt b tng v va trt, t l sn s thay
i theo kt cu b mt, tuy nhin, khng c p dng t l sn vt qu t l
ca nh sn xut trong bt c trng hp no. Trn cc b mt xp, ngi sn
phi c trch nhim sao cho t c b mt hon thin bo v v trang tr
hoc bng cch gim t l che ph hoc bng cch tng cc lp sn.
Phun sn ch c cho php i vi nhng khu vc c chp thun v phi
c nhng ngi c kinh nghim s dng thit b ny thc hin.
Cc b mt hon thin khng c sn chy, sn git v vt chi qut,
m bo duy tr, ph rng v phng tt. Vic sn sa s c thc hin
bng cng loi sn lt v cc lp sn hon thin nh ban u s dng (i
vi cc b mt sn ti xng cng nh hin trng).
Nh thu s bo v sn, tng v cc khu vc ln cn khc v thit b khng
rt sn xung bng cch ph tm nha, tm ph hoc nhng vt liu khc. Sn
nh git hoc sn b bn ra phi c nhanh chng lm sch. B mt sn phi
c bo v cn thn sau khi hon thnh cng vic.
5. Sn tng ngoi nh
Thit k cc lp sn phi theo ch dn ca Nh sn xut

Sn phm
Lp Chng loi sn phm
dy kh
(m)
Dung mi
pha sn
Sn lt chng kim ngoi tht
30
Nc
Sn ph cao cp 100% gc Acrylic
40
Nc
Sn ph cao cp 100% gc Acrylic
40
Nc
Yu cu Sn phm
Loi
Cng dng
Acrylic Emulsion
L loi sn ph cao cp vi cc tnh nng trang tr v bo v
cho cc b mt ngoi tht nh:
- Tng trt va - B tng- Tng gch
Hon thin
Bng
Mu sc: Theo ch nh ca Kin trc s
74

CH DN K THUT

Yu cu
- 12 nm bo v.
- L loi sn nc chu thi tit tuyt vi vi bn mu cao.
Khng tia cc tm ti a.
- Phn x phn ln tia hng ngoi, lm gim nhit b mt
v khng gian bn trong do
gip tit kim in nng cho cc thit b lm mt nh: my
iu ha nhit ...
- Mng sn c kh nng ngn chn s thm nc t bn ngoi
- Tnh nng chng ru, mc rt tt
- Tnh nng chu chi ra tuyt vi, chng bm bi.
- Kh nng chng kim ha v mui ha cao
- bm dnh rt tt trn cc b mt n nh
- D thi cng v mng sn phng mn
- Hm lng cht hu c bay hi rt thp (nh hn 7g/L
VOC, p ng yu cu an ton v mi
trng)
- Khng c hi, khng cha Ch, thy ngn v cc kim
loi nng
Bo qun
Sn phm cn c bo qun theo qui nh v ca nh sn xut v quy nh v
mi trng. Tt nht l bo qun sn phm ti ni kh ro, mt, kt hp vi
thng gi tt. Cch xa ngun nhit v thit b pht la. Thng cha sn phm
phi c y kn.
ng gi: Thng 1 Lt v 5 Lt
Thi cng
Chun b b mt
B mt cn sn phi khng b h hi, sch, khng c bi, du m v nha xi
mng, v.v... i vi b mt bn v b phn ho, cn thit phi c ty sch
bng c lng cng..
Cht d, bi: Lm sch bng nc vi p lc cao. Cht ty nh cng c th
c s dng.
Vi b mt b tng/va trt mi xy sau 3 ngy ng rn (trong iu kin thi
tit v thng gi tt) Lm sch b mt tng bng giy rp mn.
m: m cao thng gy ra s c cho sn. Quan st mc m sau y
trc khi sn: (bng my o m)
- Phn n : m di 6%
- G : m di 10%
Mi s thm nc phi c kim tra k lng v x l.
Ru/Nm: Ty sch bng nc vi p lc cao hoc bng dng c c, co v x
l bng dung dch chng ru, nm. Ra li b mt bng nc sch v kh.
75
CH DN K THUT

Du/ m: Lm sch bng cht ty nh v mt t dung mi nu cn thit. Ra li

tht k loi b mi vt bn.
Phng php thi cng: Dng c qut, con ln hay sng phun khng c kh
Mc tiu hao: Theo l thuyt: 10.0 m2/ Lt ( dy mng sn kh trung bnh l
35 micron)
Pha long: Dng nc sch pha long, ti a 5% theo th tch
Phun sn: Cho my phun sn p lc cao
p lc ti u sng phun 140 - 190 kg/cm (2100 psi) C bc 0.021" - 0.027";
Gc phun 65 - 80 ; Bu lc Bo m bu lc phi sch.
dy mng sn yu cu: dy mng sn kh l 30 50 micron cho 1 lp sn
i vi iu kin thi cng bnh thng.
Thi gian kh: Kh b mt: 60 pht 23oC; 30 pht 40oC
Thi gian chuyn tip: Ti thiu l 2 gi iu kin bnh thng
X l sau khi sn: Mng sn sau khi kh c co gin do bng keo c dng
che nhng vng khng cn sn nn c tho ra bng cch ct bng dao
hoc ko.
V sinh: Ra cc dng c bng nc sch ngay sau khi dng
6. Sn tng trong nh, trn thch cao:
L
p
Chng loi sn phm
1
Sn lt chng kim ni tht
2
Sn ph gc Acrylic c bit
3
Sn ph gc Acrylic c bit
Yu cu Sn phm
M t
Loi
dy
kh
(m)
30
35
35
Dung
mi pha
sn
Nc
Nc
Nc
Sn nc gc Acrylic bin tnh c t l PVC cao, c kh

nng dn chy tt v mang li mt mng sn hon thin
lng bng.
Acrylic Emulsion
Cng dng
Dng lm lp ph b mt hon thin cho b mt trong nh
Hon thin
Khng bng
Mu sc: Theo ch nh ca Kin trc s
Yu cu
- Khng cha APEO, Phooc Mn v Kim Loi Nng

- Che ph khim khuyt b mt
- Chng ru, nm mc
- Hm lng VOC (cht hu c bay hi) thp, di 25g/lt
- Nh mi
- D lau chi, bn mu
Bo qun
- D thi cng
76

CH DN K THUT

Sn phm cn c bo qun theo qui nh v ca nh sn xut v quy nh v

mi trng. Tt nht l bo qun sn phm ti ni kh ro, mt, kt hp vi
thng gi tt. Cch xa ngun nhit v thit b pht la. Thng cha sn phm
phi c y kn.
ng gi: Thng 5 Lt
Thi cng
Chun b b mt
B mt cn sn phi khng b h hi, sch, khng c bi, du m v nha xi
mng, v.v... i vi b mt bn v b phn ho, cn thit phi c ty sch
bng c lng cng..
Cht d, bi: Lm sch bng nc vi p lc cao. Cht ty nh cng c th
c s dng.
Vi b mt b tng/va trt mi xy sau 3 ngy ng rn (trong iu kin thi
tit v thng gi tt) Lm sch b mt tng bng giy rp mn.
m: m cao thng gy ra s c cho sn. Quan st mc m sau y
trc khi sn: (bng my o m)
- Phn n : m di 6%
- G : m di 10%
Mi s thm nc phi c kim tra k lng v x l.
Ru/Nm: Ty sch bng nc vi p lc cao hoc bng dng c c, co v x
l bng dung dch chng ru, nm. Ra li b mt bng nc sch v kh.
Du/ m: Lm sch bng cht ty nh v mt t dung mi nu cn thit. Ra li
tht k loi b mi vt bn.
Phng php thi cng: Dng c qut, con ln hay sng phun khng c kh
Mc tiu hao: Theo l thuyt: 10,6 m2/Lt ( dy mng sn kh 35 micron)
Pha long: Dng nc sch pha long, ti a 5% theo th tch
Phun sn: Cho my phun sn p lc cao
p lc ti u sng phun 140 - 190 kg/cm (2100 psi) C bc 0.021" - 0.027";
Gc phun 65 - 80 ; Bu lc Bo m bu lc phi sch.
dy mng sn yu cu: dy mng sn kh l 30 40 micron cho 1 lp sn
i vi iu kin thi cng bnh thng.
Thi gian kh: Kh b mt: 60 pht 23oC; 30 pht 40oC
Thi gian chuyn tip: Ti thiu l 2 gi iu kin bnh thng
X l sau khi sn: Mng sn sau khi kh c co gin do bng keo c dng
che nhng vng khng cn sn nn c tho ra bng cch ct bng dao
hoc ko.
V sinh: Ra cc dng c bng nc sch ngay sau khi dng
7. Sn kim loi (lan can, lam chp). Sn tnh in ph hon thin
Sn tnh in s dng phi l loi sn 10 nm v t chng ch tiu chun

Qualicoat loi 1 (Class 1) khi sn trn cc cu kin nhm ngoi tri. H sn s
dng phi t tiu chun th phong ha trong iu kin t nhin ( theo ISO
2810, South Florida, 27N) l khng ho phn, duy tr bng tuyt ho v n
nh mu sau 12 thng phi ngoi tri (gc 5 hng Nam).
77

CH DN K THUT

Chiu dy mng sn kh t 60-90, b mt ct mn, bng m 12 5 theo

tiu chun EN ISO 2813 (60)
Trc khi tin hnh sn, b mt thp phi c lm sch bng phng php
phun ht t SA 2.5 theo tiu chun ISO 12944-2, vi mi trng C3 hoc x l
Zinc Phosphate
Phng php thi cng, d liu thi cng, iu kin thi cng, lm sch, chun b b
mt chi tit theo hng dn c th ca nh cung cp sn.
Sn tnh in phi tha mn cc tiu ch k thut khi sn trn tm nhm chun
c chiu dy 0.8 mm x l vi chromate ( dy mng phim 60-90) nh
sau.
M t
Tiu chun
bm dnh
bn
p
EN ISO
(2mm)
Kt qu
2409 Lc ct cho tiu chun Gt0 (bm dnh

100%).
va ASTM
D 2794 Hn 23 inch-pounds hoc 2.5 Nm, mng
(Dia. 15.19 mm) phim khng b nt.
Th vut
EN ISO 1520
su vt lm hn 5 mm, mng phim khng

b nt.
un
EN ISO 1519
Th un hnh tr theo Mandrel, vt ng

knh Mandrel 5 mm.
cng EN ISO 2815

mng phim
bn khi b lm theo Buchholz: > 80.
bn
vi va
Va c loi b khi lp sn d dng m

khng li vt trn b mt sn.
i EN 12206-1
bn khi
phun
nc
mui
bn khi
phun
nc
mui
cha
Acetic acid
bn trong
khng kh m
c cha SO2
ASTM B 117
Khng phng rp, khong n mn t vt try

lan ti a 1 mm sau 1000 gi.
ISO 9227
sau 1000 gi th - ti a 16 mm2 b thm

qua vt try chiu di 10 cm
EN ISO 3231 Khng phng rp, khong n mn t vt try

(0.2 I SO2)
lan ti a 1 mm sau 30 chu trnh.
bn trong EN ISO 6270-2

khng kh m
bn
vi
tia
ngoi
i DIN
EN
t 11507
(UVB-313)
Th
phong DIN
EN
ho nhanh
11507
(UVA-340)
Chng

ISO Chu trnh: 4 gi trong tia t ngoi 50C, v

4 gi ngng t 40C. Khng ho phn, duy
tr bng tuyt ho v n nh mu sau
300 gi th nghim.
1000 gi th nghim.
chy BS 476 Part 7- t class 1

78

CH DN K THUT

loang b mt
1997
8. Sn ph tnh in cho mt dng (cc khu vc quan trng cn bn,
thm m cao)
Chiu dy mng sn kh t 60-90, b mt mn, bng 35 7 theo tiu
chun EN ISO 2813 (60)
Trc khi tin hnh sn, b mt nhm phi c x l Chromate Phosphate. Nu
s dng phng php Chromate free th phi c chng nhn ca Qualicoat hoc
GSB hoc c n v cung cp sn tnh in chp nhn.
sau.
M t
Tiu chun
bm dnh
bn
p
EN ISO
(2mm)
Kt qu
2409 Lc ct cho tiu chun Gt0 (bm dnh

100%).
va ASTM
D 2794 t 2.5 Nm, mng phim khng b nt.
(Dia. 15.19 mm)
Th vut
EN ISO 1520
un
EN ISO 1519
cng EN ISO 2815

mng phim
bn i EN 12206-1
vi va
bn khi ASTM B 117
phun
nc
mui
bn khi ISO 9227
phun
nc
mui
cha
Acetic acid
t 2 mm mn sn khng b nt. t 5 mm,

mng sn khng b tch ra sau khi g keo
dn
t 12 mm , mng sn khng b nt
(Cylindrical Mandrel Bend Test ).t 5 mm,
mng sn khng b tch ra sau khi g keo
dn
79

CH DN K THUT

bn trong EN ISO 3231 Khng phng rp, khong n mn t vt try

khng kh m (0.2 I SO2)
lan ti a 1 mm sau 30 chu trnh.
c cha SO2
bn trong
khng kh m
bn i
vi
tia
t
ngoi
EN ISO 6270-2

DIN
EN
11507
(UVB-313)
600 gi th nghim.
Th
phong DIN
EN
ho nhanh
11507
(UVA-340)
3000 gi th nghim.
Chng chy BS 476 Part 7- t class 1
loang b mt 1997
9. Sn ph tnh in cho nhm ca i, ca s (cc khu vc thng thng)

Chiu dy mng sn kh t 60-90, b mt ct mn, bng m 12 5 theo
tiu chun EN ISO 2813 (60)
Trc khi tin hnh sn, b mt nhm phi c x l Chromate Phosphate. Nu
s dng phng php Chromate free th phi c chng nhn ca Qualicoat hoc
GSB hoc c n v cung cp sn tnh in chp nhn.
sau.
M t
bm dnh
bn va p
Tiu chun
EN ISO 2409
(2mm)
ASTM D 2794
(Dia. 15.19 mm)
Th vut
EN ISO 1520
un
EN ISO 1519
cng mng
phim
EN ISO 2815
Kt qu
Lc ct cho tiu chun Gt0 (bm dnh
100%).
Hn 23 inch-pounds hoc 2.5 Nm, mng
phim khng b nt.
su vt lm hn 5 mm, mng phim
khng b nt.
Th un hnh tr theo Mandrel, vt
ng knh Mandrel 5 mm.
80

CH DN K THUT

bn i vi
va
bn khi
phun nc
mui
bn khi
phun nc
mui cha
Acetic acid
bn trong
khng kh m
c cha SO2
bn trong
khng kh m
EN 12206-1

ASTM B 117
Khng phng rp, khong n mn t vt

try lan ti a 1 mm sau 1000 gi.
ISO 9227

EN ISO 3231 (0.2

I SO2)

try lan ti a 1 mm sau 30 chu trnh.
EN ISO 6270-2

try lan ti a 1 mm sau 1000 gi.
bn i vi
tia t ngoi
DIN EN ISO 11507
Th phong
ho nhanh
DIN EN ISO 11507
Chng chy
loang b mt
BS 476 Part 71997
(UVB-313)
(UVA-340)
Chu trnh: 4 gi trong tia t ngoi 50C,

v 4 gi ngng t 40C. Khng ho
phn, duy tr bng tuyt ho v n nh
mu sau 300 gi th nghim.
Chu trnh: 8 gi trong tia t ngoi 60C,
v 4 gi ngng t 45C. Khng ho
phn, duy tr bng tuyt ho v n nh
mu sau 1000 gi th nghim.
t class 1
Sn cc cu kin kim loi thng thng - Sn du

Sn du cc kt cu kim loi bao gm cc cng vic sau:
Lm sch b mt cu kin cn sn, co r, lau du, nh giy rp lm nhn b
mt.
Sn lp lt. Tin hnh sn lp lt bng loi sn theo yu cu, sn mt lp hoc
nhiu lp ty theo yu cu th hin trong bn v. Mu sc sn cng tun theo
cc yu cu c ch dn trn bn v.
Sn cc lp hon thin. Tin hnh sn hon thin mt lp hay nhiu lp ty
theo yu cu ca cu kin c ch nh r trn bn v thit k. Chng loi v
mu sc sn tun theo cc yu cu cng c c ch dn trn bn v.
Cc yu cu v loi sn v quy trnh k thut tun theo ch dn ca nh sn
xut, theo tiu chun Vit nam hin hnh. Mu sc do Kin trc s la chn.
Nh thu c trch nhim trnh mu Ch nhim d n hoc Kin trc s duyt
trc khi thi cng.
V tr: Tay vn, lan can cu thang, cc cnh ca st v cc cu kin kim loi c
yu cu.
10. Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc p sn c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu

gm c:
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca vt liu sn;
81

CH DN K THUT


cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng ca cng tc sn;
- Nht k cng trnh
CHNG 8 - CNG TC CA KIM LOI

1. Cc yu cu chung.
Cng tc ca kim loi bao gm cc cng tc c lin quan n gia cng, sn xut
v lp dng cc loi ca thp, khun ca thp c ch nh trn bn v v theo
yu cu ca Kin trc s.
2. Tiu chun p dng
QCVN 16-2014: Quy chun quc gia v sn phm, hng ha, vt liu xy dng
TCXD 237: 1999 Ca kim loi- Ca i - ca s - Yu cu k thut chung.
TCXD94:1983 Ph tng ca s v ca i Tay nm cht ngang.
TCVN 5761:1993 Kha treo Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 5762: 1993 Kha ca c tay nm Yu cu k thut.
TCXD 92:1983 Ph tng ca s v ca i - Bn l ca.
TCXD 93:1983 Ph tng ca s v ca i-Ke cnh ca.
3. Yu cu k thut
Tiu chun v tay ngh cng nhn

Nh thu phi cung cp cc tiu chun v cc chun mc cng vic m Nh
thu d nh s dng trong vic thc hin cng tc thp v khng c phn vic
no ca cng tc thp c thc hin nu khng c s chp thun.
Vt liu
Vt liu dng cho thp kt cu tun theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam v kt cu
thp v c s dng theo cc yu cu sau:
Thp hnh , dng thp CT 3.
Yu cu v mi ni:
+ Mt thp ct ti mi mt ct 50% tng s thp.
+ S dng que hn 42 cho cng tc hn.
+ di ng hn l 10.
+ Phi tin hnh th nghim mi hn trc khi s dng.
- Vt liu nhm, thp tun theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam v cc yu cu ca
Kin trc s. Cc mi ni v b mt cu kin phi c lm sch v m bo
cht lng khi thc hin.
- Vt liu gang c tun theo cc TCVN v cc yu cu ca Kin trc s. Cc mi
ni v b mt cu kin tm gang phi c lm sch, nhn. Qu trnh gia cng
phi tun theo cc TCVN hin hnh.
- Nh thu, tu theo yu cu ca Kin trc s, s cung cp cc chng nhn th
nghim v cht lng cc loi thp, nhm s dng trong cng trnh.
82

CH DN K THUT

- Tt c cc loi thp, nhm, mi ni, mi buc, lm sch theo ch dn ca Tiu

chun Vit Nam, hoc cc tiu chun tng ng c Kin trc s chp nhn.
Mi ni bng bu lng
- Cc mi ni bng bu lng s c thc hin theo cc Tiu chun Vit Nam tr
khi c ch dn theo yu cu ring:
- Cc l s c khoan trc tip v lm thng, di chuyn cc cnh via ca l
trc khi lp dng cc cu kin.
- Cc bu lng trong mi ni bu lng s phi m bo chiu di ti thiu l
6mm cho tng phn xuyn qua cu khi vn cht. Cc bu lng ny phi c
ng knh ti thiu l 20mm.
- Nh thu s phi chu trch nhim v cc mi ni bng bu lng v cc cng
vic ny s do Kin trc s hoc ch nhim cng trnh kim tra.
Mi ni hn
Cc mi ni hn s tun theo cc tiu chun hn kt cu ca Vit Nam. Cc yu
cu s bao gm:
Vic hn my s thc hin vi cc chng loi my c gim st bi cc c quan
kim tra cht lng. Cng tc hn tay yu cu v trnh hn ca cng nhn
hn v cc dng c ph hp vi cng tc hn c yu cu.
B mt hn phi m bo c lm sch trc v sau khi hn.
Tt c cc mi hn phi c hn kn i vi cc mi hn yu cu hn chy, lm
sch cc vt bn v cht hn khi b mt vt hn ngay lp tc sau khi hn.
dy ca vt hn ni chnh s l 4mm theo tiu chun Vit Nam.
Cng nhn hn
Tt c cc mi hn ni chnh ca kt cu thp u phi c th hn c tay
ngh (c chng ch) thc hin.
Nh thu s phi cung cp cho Kin trc s cc bn sao v chng ch tay ngh
ca cc th hn s tham gia thi cng cng trng.
Cc chng ch ny phi cn gi tr t nht l 6 thng k t ngy cp.
Bo v cc cng tc thp
Nh thu phi c trch nhim bo v cc cng tc thp kt cu v sn bo v
cho n khi c chp thun hon thnh cng vic.
4. H s trnh i vi ca kim loi
D liu v sn phm: Vi mi loi ca ch nh. Bao gm cc chi tit li v

cc kt cu mp g, v cc l khot trn ca. Bao gm cc ch dn v hon
thin trong nh my.
Bn v trin khai thi cng: Ch nh v tr, kch thc, v hng m ca mi ca;
mt ng ca mi loi ca; kt cu chi tit khng ch ra trong phn d liu v
sn phm; v tr v kch thc ca linh kin cht; v cc d liu cn thit khc.
Ch ra kch thc v v tr l khot cho ph tng ca.
Ch ra kch thc v v tr ca rnh ca.
Ch ra cc ca phi hon thin trong nh my v cc yu cu hon thin.
83

CH DN K THUT

Ch ra cp chu la cho loi ca chu la.

Cc mu kim tra:
Hon thin trong nh my t cho cc vt liu lm mt ca thc t, xp x 200 x
250 mm, cho mi loi vt liu v hon thin. Vi mi mu, cung cp mt b ba
loi cho bit loi mu v lp hon thin mong mun. Cc mt ct gc ca ca,
xp x 200 x 250 mm, cho vt liu thc t lm ca v mp ca.
Cc mu hon thin cho b mt ca vi cng loi vt liu vi vt liu hon thin
ca trong nh my.
Khung cho cc l m ly sng, di 150 mm, cho mi loi vt liu, kiu, v cc
yu cu hon thin.
Bo hnh: Mu bo hnh c bit.
5. Bo m cht lng
Nng lc ca nh thu: Nh thu c kim tra nng lc, c cp giy

chng nhn qun l cht lng c cp bi c quan kim tra c thm quyn.
Gii hn ngun gc: Nhn sn phm t mt nh phn phi duy nht.
Hp trc khi lp t: Tin hnh cuc hp ti cng trng.
6. Giao nhn, lu kho, bo qun
Tun theo cc yu cu la chn trong tiu chun v ch dn ca nh thu.

ng gi ring cc ca vo ti nilong v hp carton.
nh du mi ca i ti nh v y gi vi cc s hiu l m th hin trong
bn v trin khai thi cng.
7. Cc iu kin d n
Cc gii hn ca mi trng: Khng nhn v lp t ca cho n khi khng gian

thng thong v thi tit tt, cc v tr m c lm kh trc khi lp ca, v cc
iu kin m ti cc mc trong sut thi gian xy dng.
Cc gii hn ca mi trng: Khng nhn v lp t ca cho n khi khng gian
thng thong v thi tit tt, cc v tr m c lm kh trc khi lp ca.
8. Bo hnh sn phm
Bo hnh c bit: Tiu chun hnh dng ca nh sn xut trong nh sn

xut ng sa cha v thay th nhng vt liu b li hoc do tay ngh km
trong sut thi gian bo hnh.
Cc li bao gm, khng gii hn, c bn theo nhng nu di y:
Cong vnh (cong, vnh, hoc xon) ln hn 6.4 mm trong mt mt ct
1067x2134-mm.
in bo nu li kt cu ca tm p vt qu 0.25 mm cho nhp 76.2-mm.
Bo hnh cng c th bao gm cng lp dng v hon thin c th yu cu khi
sa cha hoc thay th cc ca h hng.
Thi gian bo hnh cho ca ngoi nh li c: Nm nm k t ngy hon thnh
thc t.
Thi gian bo hnh cho ca trong nh li rng: Hai nm k t ngy hon thnh
thc t.
84

CH DN K THUT

9. Thi cng
Kim tra
Kim tra ca v lp t khung trc khi lp cnh ca.
Kim tra li khung cho ng vi yu cu ch ra v kiu dng, kich c, v tr v
c tnh ca cnh ca, thng ng, cao trnh ca.
Tho b ca nu b h hng.
Tip tc tin hnh lp t ca khi cc sai st c khc phc.
Lp dng
Hng dn lp t: Lp t ca tun theo ch dn ca nh thu v cc tiu
chun cht lng c, v theo ch nh.
Lp t ca chng chy ng vi khung.
Ca o ti cng trng: Chnh thng v lp va ca v khung vi cng mt
khong h v gc vt theo ch nh di; khng ct ca v ray vt qu s b
ca gii hn bi nh sn xut hoc cc ca chu nhit cho php. Gn ph tng
ca bng my. Bt kn cc mp ca cc ca, cc mp ct, v to l mng sau khi
o va v gia cng.
Khe: Cho php 3.2 mm u ray, cc ca, v gia hai cnh ca. Cho php
3.2 mm t y ca xung n mt sn hon thin hoc mt ph nu khng c
ch dn g khc. nhng v tr bu ca c ch nh hoc lit k, cho php 6.4
mm tnh t y ca n nh ca bu ca nu khng c ch dn g khc.
vt cho ca khng chu la 3-1/2 ti mp kha v bn l.
vt cha chu la 3-1/2 ti mp kha; ct ca v ray ch trong phm vi
cho php ca n v nh nhn.
Ca gn trong nh my: Gn ca vo khung vi khe h ng u mi mp.
Ca hon thin trong nh my: Hon thin trc khi lp t nu lm va hoc
gia cng c ch nh ti cng trng.
Hiu chnh
Hot ng: Gi li hoc thay th ca nu cnh ca hot ng khng bnh
thng.
Hon thin ca: Thay th cc b ca b h hng hoc khng t yu cu. Cc b
ca c th c sa cha hoc hon thin li nu khng c tun theo cc yu
cu v gia cng..
10. Nghim thu
Nghim thu cng tc ca c tin hnh ti hin trng. H s nghim thu gm

c:
- Cc chng ch th nghim ca ca sn xut sn, vt liu ch to.
- Bin bn nghim thu cht lng ca ca;
cng trnh;
- Bn v hon cng lp t ca;
- Nht k cng trnh.
85

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 9 - CNG TC LP T TRN GI

A.
TRN THCH CAO
TI LIU THAM KHO

ASTM C 79/C 79M (2001) Ch dn k thut tiu chun cho Tm p thch cao c
li x l v cha x l.
ASTM C 442/C 442M (1999; Rev. A) Tm lt thch cao v tm li.
ASTM C 475 (1994) Cht bi trn mi ni v bng ni cho Tm thch cao hon
thin
ASTM C 514(1996) inh cht p dng cho tm Thch cao
ASTM C 557 (1999) Cht dnh nh v Tm tng thch cao vo khung g
ASTM C 630/C 630M (2001) Tm lt thch cao chng nc
ASTM C 840 (2001) S dng v Hon thin tm thch cao
ASTM C 1002 (2000) Vt khoan thp s dng cho cc sn phm Tm thch
cao hoc Nn va kim loi.
ASTM C 1047 (1999) Ph kin cho tm tng thch cao v Nn hon thin thch
cao
ASTM C 1396/C 1396M (2000) Thng s k thut chun ca Tm thch cao
H S TRNH
D liu sn phm: cho mi loi sn phm c nu.
Mu: Cho cc sn phm
LU KHO V BO QUN
Lu gi vt liu bn di lp che ph v gi chng kh ro v c bo v
khng b h hng do thi tit, ngng t, nh nng trc tip, giao thng xy
dng, v cc nguyn nhn khc. Cht ng cc panen thch cao bng phng
trnh vng v cong vnh.
CC IU KIN D N
Cc gii hn v mi trng: Tun theo cc yu cu ASTM C 840 hoc cc ch dn
ca nh sn xut tm thch cao, tu theo ci no cht ch hn.
Khng lp t cc sn phm ni tht cho n khi cc khu vc lp t c ro
bo v v c iu ho.
Khng lp t cc panen t, b h hng bi m v b h hng do mc.
86

CH DN K THUT

Cc du hiu cho thy cc panen b h hng do m t bao gm, nhng khng

gii hn ti, bc mu, cong vnh, hoc hnh dng bt thng.
Cc du hiu cho thy cc panne b hng do mc, bao gm, nhng khng gii
hn ti, cc b mt sn, c vt bn v bc mu.
I.
SN PHM
KHI QUT V CC PANEN

Kch thc: Cung cp cc chiu di v chiu rng ti a gim thiu cc khe
ni mi khu vc v ph hp vi h thng c nu.
TM THCH CAO TRONG NH

Khi qut: Tun theo ASTM, thch hp vi chng loi tm thch cao c nu v
bt c tiu chun no cht ch hn.
Loi thng:
dy: 9 mm./ 12mm
Loi chng chu m v chng chu mc: vi li v b mt chng chu m v
chng chu mc.
dy: 9 mm.
VT LIU X L KHE NI
Khi qut: Tun theo ASTM C 475/C 475M.
Bng qun khe ni:
Tm vch thch cao trong nh: Giy.
Hn hp bi trn khe ni cho tm vch thch cao trong nh: i vi mi lp ph,
s dng cng thc tng thch vi cc hn hp khc c t trn cc lp ph
trc hoc cho cc lp ph k tip.
Lp y trc: Ti cc khe ni m, cc mp panen xin hoc trn, cc khu vc
b mt b h hng, s dng hn hp bng qun loi kt dnh.
Lp m v lp ph u tin: i vi lp bng qun m v lp m ph u tin
trn cc khe ni, cc kp cht, cc bch trang tr, s dng loi kh, hn hp a
mc ch.
S dng hp cht loi ng cng cho lp t cc ph kin trang tr hon thin
bng kim loi c b mt bng giy.
Lp ph lp y: Cho lp ph th hai, s dng loi kh, hn hp a mc ch.
Hon thin Coat: Cho lp ph th ba, s dng loi kh, hn hp a mc ch.
Lp ph hon thin: Cho lp ph hon thin cui cng cp 5, s dng loi
kh, hn hp a mc ch.
VT LIU PH TR
Khi qut: Cung cp vt liu ph tr tun theo tiu chun lp t c tham
chiu v cc ch dn bng vn bn ca nh sn xut.
Keo dnh dng mng mng: Keo dnh hoc hn hp bi trn khe ni c xut
kt dnh trc tip cc panen thch cao vi nn nhn lin tc.
S dng keo dnh c hm lng VOC 50 g/L hoc t hn khi c tnh ton theo
40 CFR 59
87

CH DN K THUT

Vt khoan bng thp: ASTM C 1002, tr khi c quy nh khc.

S dng cc vt tun theoASTM C 954 lin kt cc panen vi cc cu kin
thp dy t 0,84 n 2,84 mm.
II.
THC HIN
KIM TRA
Kim tra cc khu vc v nn nhn, di s c mt ca Nh lp t v bao gm
c cc khung kim loi rng c hn v to khung v s ph hp vi cc yu
cu v cc iu kin khc nh hng n hiu sut cng vic.
Kim tra cc panen trc khi lp t. Loi b cc panen b h hng do m t
hoc mc.
Ch tin hnh lp t sau khi cc iu kin khng tho mn c khc phc
thnh cng.
KHI QUT V T V HON THIN CC PANEN

Tun theo ASTM C 840.
Lp t cc panen trn bt ngang qua khung gim thiu s khe ni i u
v trnh cc khe ni i u khu vc trung tm ca mi trn. Xp xen k
cc khe ni i u ca cc panen lin k khng nh hn mt cu kin khung.
Lp t cc panen vi b mt hng ra bn ngoi. Hn i u cc panen vi
nhau c tip xc nh ti cc mp v u mt vi khng gian m gia cc
panen khng vt qu 1,5 mm. Khng p vo v tr.
t cc khe ni mp v khe ni u nt trn cc thanh , tr trong cc ng
dng trn khi cc thanh ph hoc thanh tm thch cao c cung cp
ng sau cc khe ni u mt. Khng t cc mp hnh cn da vo cc mp
ct hoc cc u mt b ct. Xp xen k cc khe ni thng ng trn cc mt
i din ca cc vch ngn. Khng to cc khe ni khc vi cc khe ni kim tra
ti cc gc ca l m khung.
To cc khe co gin v cc khe kim tra c khng gian gia cc mp ca cc
panen thch cao lin k.
Che ph c hai mt ca khung bng cc panen thch cao trong cc khng
gian n (trn cc trn, etc.), tr trong cc thanh ging c ging bn trong.
Tr khi cc ng dng n c nu hoc c yu cu cho cc nh mc m
thanh, ho hon, khng kh hoc khi, cn che ph bng cc mnh c din tch
khng nh hn 0,7 m2.
t khp cc panen thch cao quanh cc ng cng ngh, ng dn v cc ng
lun.
Khi cc vch ngn ct ngang cc cu kin bn di mt di ca cc bn
sn/tm lp mi v sn mi, cn ct cc panen thch cao khp vi mt ct
c to bi cc cu kin; cho php cc khe ni rng 6,4- n 9,5-mm- lp
t cht bt kn.
Gn vi khung thp: Gn cc panen sao cho mp u v cui c gn vi cc
mp m (khng c chng ) ca cc mt bch inh tn u tin.
88

CH DN K THUT

LP T TM THCH CAO TRONG NH:

Lp t tm thch cao trong nh cc v tr di y:
Loi trn: B mt trn nh
Loi chng chu m v chng chu mc: Nh c th hin trn cc bn v.
t lp n
Trn cc trn, lp t cc panen thch cao trc khi t tm vch ngn n
phm vi ln nht c th v ti gc vung vi khung, tr khi c quy nh khc.
t nhiu lp
Trn trn nh, lp t tm thch cao c quy nh cho cc lp nn trc khi t
cc lp nn ln trn tng/vch ngn, lp t cc lp mt tip theo cng trnh
t. Lp t cc lp nn ti cc gc vung vi cc cu kin khung v b cho cc
khe ni mt-tng 1 cu kin khung ti thiu 400mm, t cc khe ni nn-tng
song song, tr khi c quy nh khc hoc c yu cu bi b phn c tnh
chu la.
Phng php c nh: C nh cc lp nn bng cc inh vt, c nh cc lp mt
bng keo dnh v cc cht b sung.
Tch lp i vi nn nhn: Ti cc v tr yu cu cc panen thch cao phi bm
cht trc tip vo nn nhn (ngoi cc inh tn, cc rm , cc cu kin thanh
np hoc lp nn ca tm thch cao), tun theo hng dn bng vn bn ca
nh sn xut v ging hoc c nh tm thi cc panen thch cao ti khi keo
dnh c nh ng cng.
LP T CC PH KIN TRANG TR
Khi qut: i vi ph kin trang tr c cc bch sau dnh cho cc cht c nh,
gn vi khung bng cng cc cht c s dng cho cc panen. Cch khc, gn
ph kin trang tr theo ch dn bng vn bn ca Nh sn xut.
Cc khe kim tra: Lp t cc khe kim tra ti cc v tr c th hin trn cc
bn v hoc theo ASTM C 840 v cc v tr c th c T vn ph duyt v mt
thm m.
Ph kin trang tr trong nh: Lp t vo cc v tr sau:
Thanh p gc: S dng ti cc gc ngoi, tr khi c quy nh khc.
Thanh kt cu trn: S dng ti cc v tr c th hin.
Mi ni LC: S dng ti cc mp panen l ra ngoi.
Mi ni hnh ch L: S dng ti cc v tr c th hin.
Mi ni hnh ch U: S dng ti cc mp panen l ra ngoi.
Thanh p gc mp cong: S dng ti cc l m cong.
Ph kin trang tr bng nhm: Lp t vo cc v tr c th hin trn cc bn
v.
HON THIN TM THCH CAO

Khi qut: X l cc khim khuyt ca khe ni tm thch cao, cc gc trong,
mp trang tr, cc khe kim tra, cc l xuyn, cc u cht kp, b mt v cc v
tr khc nh c yu cu chun b b mt tm thch cao cho trang tr. Loi
b ngay hn hp bi trn khe ni cn st li khi cc b mt lin k.
89

CH DN K THUT

Lp trc cc khe ni m, cc mp trn hoc xin v cc khu vc b mt b h

hng.
t bng dnh khe ni ln trn cc khe ni tm thch cao, tr cc khe ni c ph
kin trang tr c bch khng c dnh cho bng dnh.
Cc cao hon thin tm thch cao: Hon thin cc panen n cc cao
c nu trong bn v: Sn lt v sn cc lp hon thin ln cc b mt
BO V
Bo v cc sn phm c lp t khng b h hng do thi tit, ngng t, nh

nng mt tri trc tip, xy dng v cc trng hp khc trong thi gian cn li
ca qu trnh thi cng.
Loi b v thay th cc panen b h hng do m t v mc.
Cc ch th cho thy cc panen b h hng do m/t bao gm, nhng khng gii
hn ti, bc mu, cong vnh, hoc hnh dng bt thng.
Cc ch th cho thy cc panen b h hng do mc bao gm, nhng khng gii
hn ti, b mt b sn, m i hoc c nhiu vt bn v bc mu.
B.
TRN KIM LOI
TI LIU THAM KHO

Tiu chun ASTM
CC YU CU V CHT LNG HOT NG CA SN PHM
Cht lng hot ng v mt kt cu: Cc trn ghp kim loi phi chu c cc
nh hng ca cc ti trng bn thn v cc ti trng v ng sut sau m khng
c biu hin bin dng ca cc b phn h thng trn.
Cc chuyn ng nhit: cho php cc chuyn ng nhit do cc thay i nhit

b mt v mi trng. Cc tnh ton da trn cc nhit b mt ca cc
vt liu do c hp thu nhit mt tri v s gim nhit vo ban m.
Thay i nhit (Phm vi): 670C, nhit mi trng; 1000C, b mt vt liu.

H S TRNH
D liu sn phm: Cho mi loi sn phm c nu.
D liu cht lng hot ng: i vi cc sn phm c lp t c nu tun

theo cc ti trng thit k v cc tiu ch khc, bao gm phn tch kt cu v d
liu phn tch khc c k s chuyn nghip c nng lc chu trch nhim v s
chun b ca mnh k kt v ng du.
Mu la chn ban u: i vi cc b phn c mu sc v cc lp hon thin

trang tr khc c t ti nh my.
Cc bn v phi hp: Cc mt bng trn phn chiu, c v theo t l, m trn

cc hng mc sau c th hin v c phi hp vi nhau, s dng u vo
t cc nh lp t cc hng mc lin quan:
Mu m thng.
Mu m khe ni.
Cu kin treo trn.
Phng php gn mc treo v kt cu to nh
90

CH DN K THUT

Cung cp cc s b tr cho cc neo c ti ch, inh kp, v cc thit b gn

trn khc c cng tc lp t c nu trong cc phn khc.
Cc hng mc gn trn bao gm cc thit b chiu sng, cc ng khuych tn,
cc li, loa, vi phun sprinkler, v cc bng kim sot ra vo.
ng chu vi trn v cc l xuyn qua trn; phn trang tr v cc g trang tr.
T l bn v ti thiu: 1:100.
D liu nng lc: i vi k s chuyn nghip v c quan th nghim.
Bo co th nghim sn phm: Da trn vic nh gi cc th nghim ton

dinn do mt c quan th nghim c nng lc thc hin cho mi trn kim loi
ghp thng.
Bo co nh gi: i vi trn kim loi ghp thng v cc b phn v loi neo.
Bo co qun l cht lng ti cng trng.
D liu bo dng: i vi cc vt liu hon thin bao gm trong cm nang bo

dng.
M BO CHT LNG
Cc gii hn ngun: Mua mi b kim loi hnh mng ghp thng v cc h thng
treo t mt ngun cung cp cc sn phm c cht lng ph hp v mu m
bn ngoi, cc c tnh vt l v cht lng hot ng.
Cc c tnh t chy b
c xc nh bng cch
bi UL hoc mt c quan
cc c quan chc nng c
Tiu chun khng chn: Cung cp trn kim loi ghp thng c thit k v lo
t c th chng chu c vi cc nh hng ca cc chuyn ng ng t
theo cc tiu chun sau:
Hp trc khi lp t: T chc hp ti cng trng d n.
mt: Tun theo ASTM E 1264 v cc vt liu hng A,

th nghim cc sn phm ging ht theo ASTM E 84
th nghim v kim tra khc c s chp thun ca
thm quyn.
GIAO NHN, LU KHO V BO QUN
Giao kim loi hnh mng ghp thng, cc b phn h thng treo, v cc ph kin
n tn chn cng trnh trong tnh trng nguyn ai nguyn kin v lu gi
chng trong cc khng gian kn c iu ho khng kh v c bo v khng
b h hng do m t, nhit qu cao v nh nng mt tri trc tip, nhim
b mt v cc nguyn nhn khc.
Bo qun cc kim loi hnh mng ghp thng, cc b phn h thng treo, v cc
ph kin mt cch cn thn trnh h hng cc on kim loi v cc phn
hon thin di bt c hnh thc no.
IU KIN D N
Cc gii hn v mi trng: Khng lp t trn kim loi ghp thng cho n khi
cc khng gian c bao che kn, hng mc cng trnh t trong cc khng gian
hon thnh phi kh ro, hng mc cng trnh bn trn cc trn hon
thnh, v cc iu kin nhit v m mi trng c gi cc mc c
quy nh cho D n
91

CH DN K THUT

PHI HP
Phi hp s b tr v lp t trn kim loi v H thng treo vi kt cu khc

xuyn qua cc trn hoc c chng chng , bao gm cc thit b chiu sng,
thit b iu ho thng gi, h thng cha chy v cc h thng lp ghp vch
ngn.
VT LIU B SUNG
Cung cp vt liu b sung ph hp vi cc sn phm c lp t v cc sn

phm c ng kin c che ph bo v lu gi trong kho v c nhn bit
bng nhn mc m t ni dung.
Cc b phn ca trn kim loi: S lng gi , ph kin v G trang tr v phn
trang tr l ra ngoi tng ng 2 % s lng c lp t.
I.
CC SN PHM
CC H THNG TREO KIM LOI
Tiu chun cc h thng treo kim loi: Cung cp cc h thng treo trn kim loi
tiu chun ca nh sn xut c chng loi v phn hon thin c nu tun
theo cc yu cu thch hp ca ASTM C 635.
Cc h thng treo: Cung cp cc h thng hon chnh vi cc gi , cc on

ni, cc inh kp ni lin kt, cc inh kp gi thng hng, cc inh kp gi
phng v ngay ngn, cc gi treo, cc g trang tr, tm trang tr v inh kp gi,
cc thanh chng chu ti, cc u ni thit b v cc b phn treo khc c yu
cu chng cc tm trn v cc kt cu trn khc.
g: c kch thc cho nm ln ti trng c nu trong ASTM C 635, Bng 1,

Treo trc tip, tr khi c nu khc.
Neo c ti ch v c lp t sau trong b tng: Neo thuc chng loi v vt
liu c nu bn di, vi cc l hoc mc neo cc gi treo c chng loi
c nu v c kh nng , m khng b hng, mt ti trng tng ng nm
ln ti trng t ln bi kt cu trn, nh c xc nh bng cch th nghim
theo ASTM E 488 hoc ASTM E 1512 thch hp, do c quan th nghim v kim
tra c nng lc thc hin.
Cc cht nh v bt trong b tng: H thng cht nh v c chng loi thch hp
cho h thng lp t c nu, c ch to t cc vt liu chng g, vi inh
kp hoc cc thit b ph kin khc gn cc gi treo c chng loi c nu,
v c kh nng , m khng b h hng, mt ti trng tng ng 10 ln ti
trng do trn t ln, nh c xc nh bng cch th nghim theo
ASTM E 1190, do c quan th nghim v kim tra c nng lc thc hin.
Cc gi treo dng dy, cc dy ging v buc: Cung cp dy tun theo cc yu

cu sau:
Dy thp ccbom, m km: ASTM A 641/A 641M, m km cp 1, ti mm.
Dy thp khng g: ASTM A 580/A 580M, Loi 304, khng t tnh.
Dy hp kim niken-ng: ASTM B 164, hp kim niken-ng UNS s N04400.
ch thc: La chn ng knh dy sao cho ng sut ca n ti 3 ln ti trng
thit k gi treo c nu trong ASTM C 635, Bng 1, treo trc tip s nh hn
ng sut chy ca dy, nhng cung cp dy ng knh ti thiu 3,5-mm.
92

CH DN K THUT

Cc thanh gi treo hoc cc gi treo phng c bo v bng sn chng g.
Cc gi treo thp gc: Cc gc c cc chn rng ti thiu 22 mm; c to hnh

t thp tm m km dy 1,0-mm tun theo ASTM A 653/A 653M, k hiu ph
Z275; vi cc mi ni c bt bu lng v cc bu lng ng knh 8-mm.
Cc gi : c hon thin ti nh my vi lp hon thin nung m-en.

Cc gi chnh: nhm, dng cn tm ti thiu 6,0-mm, nu thnh hp kim v
ti theo ch dn ca nh sn xut nhm v nh sn xut vt liu hon thin v
loi s dng v vt liu hon thin c nu, tun theo ASTM B 209M.
Cc gi chnh: Thp, chiu dy danh ngha ti thiu 0,53-mm, dng tm cn
ngui, vi lp ph bo v c t ti nh my, tun theo ASTM C 635.
Cc gi c th lp khp: cc gi tiu chun ca nh sn xut v gn trc
tip vi cc t treo hin c.
Cc gi xuyn tm linh ng: cc gi xuyn tm tiu chun ca nh sn
xut.
Cc gi co gin: cc gi tiu chun ca nh sn xut cho php i vi cc
im khng ng quy cch hoc cc iu kin khng gian khng bnh thng
khc.
Cc tm ni gi : Cng kim loi, mt ct, v hon thin nh c nu cho cc

gi .
Cc rnh thng bng, t v cc thanh: cc b phn tiu chun ca nh sn xut

n nh cc gi chnh theo cc khong cch u n v ti cc thit b
chiu sng, thit b phn phi khng kh, ca ra vo v cc thit b khc; c
khong cch theo tiu
Cc thanh chng khng chn: cc thanh chng chu nn tiu chun ca nh sn

xut c thit k chu cc lc ng t.
inh kp gi: inh kp gi tiu chun ca nh sn xut c khong cch theo

tiu chun ca nh sn xut.
G trang tr v tm trang tr: Cung cp cc cu kin l ra ngoi nh c nu

hoc c yu cu tun theo cc yu cu khng chn ca cc c quan chc
nng c thm quyn, giu cc mp ca cc l xuyn qua trn, giu cc
u mt ca cc thanh kim loi hnh mng v cc gi , cho cc phn trang tr
thit b v cc b phn iu hp, cho cc bng ni ti cc im thay i v
cao trn v cho cc iu kin khc; ca kim loi v vt liu hon thin ph hp
vi kim loi hnh mng ghp thng hoc nha p n, tr khi c nu khc.
III.
THC HIN
KIM TRA
Kim tra cc nn nhn, cc khu vc, v cc iu kin, bao gm cc khung kt

cu v cc nn nhn ni trn kim loi ghp thng s c g hoc tip gip vi,
di s chng kin ca Nh lp t, v s ph hp vi cc yu cu c nu
trong phn ny v cc phn ch dn khc lin quan n lp t v neo trn v
vi cc yu cu v dung sai lp t v cc iu kin khc nh hng n kh
nng hot ng ca trn kim loi ghp thng.
93

CH DN K THUT

Ch tin hnh lp t sau khi cc iu kin khng tho mn c khc phc.

CHUN B
o mi trn v lp cc s b tr tm kim loi hnh mng ghp thng cn

bng cc chiu rng ca bin ti cc mp i din ca mi trn. Trnh s dng
cc tm kim loi c chiu rng nh hn mt na ti cc bin, tun theo s b
tr c th hin trn cc mt bng trn phn chiu v cc bn v phi hp.
LP T
Tun theo UBC Tiu chun 25-2 v yu cu khng chn c nu, theo ch dn
bng vn bn ca nh sn xut
Treo cc gi treo trn t cc cu kin ca to nh v nh sau:

Lp t cc gi treo ngay ngn v khng tip xc vi lp cch nhit hoc cc
vt th khc trong khong y ca trn m khng phi l b phn ca kt cu
hoc ca H thng treo trn.
Ch m rng cc gi treo khi c yu cu trnh cc chng ngi; b li cc
lc ngang gy ra bng cch ging, m rng ngc li, hoc cc bin php c
hiu qu tng ng khc.
Khi chiu rng ca cc ng cng ngh v kt cu khc trong khong y ca
trn to ra cc bc cch nhau ca gi treo lm cn tr v tr ca cc gi treo ti
cc bc cn cc cu kin h thng treo tiu chun, lp t cc cu kin treo
b sung v cc gi treo di dng cc x treo hoc cc thit b tng ng.
Xit cht cc dy gi treo vi cc cu kin treo v vi cc ct bn trn ti
thiu ba vng dy tht cht. Ni cc gi treo trc tip hoc vi cc kt cu hoc
vi cc b phn chn, cc bu lng vng hoc cc thit b khc m bo v thch
hp cho nn nhn m cc gi treo c g vo hoc cho loi gi treo lin
quan.
Bt cht cc gi trep phng, dng gc, dnh ng rnh v thanh vi kt cu,
bao gm c cc cu kin khung ph, bng cch g vi cc b phn chn, cc bu
lng vng hoc cc thit b khc an ton v ph hp cho c kt cu m cc gi
treo c g vo v loi gi treo lin quan. Lp t cc gi treo sao cho khng
lm cho chng b hng hoc suy gim cht lng do tui tc, n mn hoc nhit
tng cao.
Khng chng trn trc tip t cc vn kim loi vnh cu hoc vn sn. Cht
cc gi treo vi cc b phn chn gi treo c ti ch, cc neo c lp t sau
bng cht kt dnh hoc c hc, hoc cc cht c nh bt cht bng in qua
cc vn khun vo b tng
Khi khung thp khng cho php lp t cc dy gi treo theo khong cch yu
cu, lp t thp ch U chu lc hoc ct chng b sung khc gn cc dy gi
treo.
Khng gn cc gi treo vi cc vu sn thp.
Khng gn cc gi treo vi sn mi bng thp. Gn cc gi treo vi cc c kin
kt cu.
94

CH DN K THUT

t cc gi treo cch nhau khng qu 1200 mm o.c. dc theo ni cu kin c

chng trc tip t cc gi treo, tr khi c quy nh khc; cung cp cc gi
treo cch cc u mt ca mi cu kin khng qu 200 mm.
nh kch thc cc cu kin treo b sung v cc gi treo cc ti trng
trn trong phm vi gii hn hiu sut hot ng c thit lp bi cc n bn v
tiu chun tham chiu.
-
Buc cht cc dy ging vo cc cu kin treo trn v vo cc ct chng ti

thiu bn ln tht cht. Treo dy ging cch xa cc cu kin ca ton nh nh
c yu cu cho cc gi treo, m khng gn vi cc vn kim loi vnh cu, sn
thp, v cc vu sn thp. C nh cc dy ging vo b tng bng neo lp t
sau hoc neo c ti ch.
Lp t G trang tr v tm trang tr thuc chng loi c nu ti cc bin ca

trn kim loi ghp thng v cc v tr cn thit giu cc mp v cc u mt
tm kim loi ghp thng.
Lp t cc gi h thng treo sao cho chng c cn chnh thng hng v

c kha lin ng vi nhau. B v thay th cc cu kin v st m, cong vnh
hoc b xon.
QUN L CHT LNG TRN CNG TRNG
Cc cuc kim tra c bit: Thu mt nh gim st c nng lc thc hin cc

cuc kim tra c bit sau:
H thng trn treo.
Cc gi treo, neo, v cc cht nh v.
C quan th nghim: Thu mt c quan th nghim c nng lc thc hin

cc th nghim v kim tra lp bo co th nghin.
Cc th nghim v kim tra: Cng tc th nghim v kim tra cc h thng lp

t cc gi treo trn panen cch m v cc cht c nh hon thnh s din
ra trong cc giai on lin tip, nhng khu vc trong phm vi quy nh v s
dng cc bin php nh sau. Khng tin hnh lp t cc gi treo panen cch
m cho khu vc tip theo cho n khi kt qu th nghim cho cc h thng lp
t cc gi treo trn panen cch m c hon thnh th hin s ph hp
vi cc yu cu.
Phm vi khu vc cc th nghim: Khi cng tc lp t cc h thng treo trn
trn mi tng hon thnh 20 % nhng cha lp t panen.
Trong phm vi mi khu vc th nghim, c quan th nghim s la chn mt

trong mi mi cht c nh bt cht bng in v neo c lp t sau c s
dng g cc gi treo vo b tng v s th nghim chng cho ng sut
890 N; c quan th nghim cng s la chn mt trong mi hai neo c lp t
sau c s dng g cc dy neo vo b tng v s th nghim chng cho
ng sut 1957 N
Khi th nghim pht hin ra cc cht c nh v neo khng tun theo yu cu,
c quan th nghim s th nghim cc neo cha c th nghim trc cho
n khi 20 neo t lin tip v sau s tip tc li tn sut th nghim ban
u.
95

CH DN K THUT

Cc gi treo trn panen cch m v cc cht kp s c coi l c khuyt tt

nu chng khng t cc th nghim v kim tra.
Lp cc bo co th nghim v kim tra.

V SINH
Lm sch cc b mt l ra ngoi ca trn kim loi, bao gm phn trang tr v
cc g trang tr sau khi d b lp ph bo v tm thi d bc. Tun theo ch dn
bng vn bn ca nh sn xut bc lp ph bo v tm thi, lm sch v khc
phc cc h hng ca lp hon thin. B v thay th cc b phn khng th lm
sch hon ton v c sa cha xo b du vt h hng, bao gm c cc
tm b st m v cong vnh.
CHNG 10 - CNG TC CHNG THM, CCH NHIT

1. Cc yu cu chung

TCVN 5718:1993, Mi v sn b tng ct thp trong cng trnh xy dng - Yu
cu k thut chng thm nc.
TCXD 230-1998 "Nn nh chng nm - Tiu chun thit k v thi cng".
Cc yu cu v vt liu chng thm
Vt liu chng thm tha mn cc iu kin kh hu nhit i gi ma nc ta
Nh thu cn nghin cu k gii php thit k chng thm thi cng ng
theo thit k.
S dng cc loi vt liu chng thm ca cc nh sn xut c uy tn v c
Kin trc s la chn . Cc sn phm chng thm phi tun theo cc TCVN hin
hnh v cc yu cu ca Kin trc s. Cc sn phm chng thm phi c cc
96

CH DN K THUT

nh thu cung cp sn phm mu, cc bn v chi tit v quy trnh thc hin,
cc cht liu v thnh phn ca cc loi chng thm. Cc yu cu v k thut
phi tun theo cc tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh, cc ch dn ca Kin trc s
v ch dn ca nh sn xut.
- Cc loi vt liu chng thm phi c cataloge. Nu cc quy nh nu s dng
vt liu khng c cataloge.
Vt liu cch nhit
- S dng cc loi vt liu cch nhit ca cc nh sn xut c uy tn v c
Kin trc s la chn. Cc vt liu cch nhit phi tun theo cc tiu chun Vit
Nam hin hnh v cc yu cu ca Kin trc s. Cc sn phm cch nhit phi
c cc nh thu cung cp sn phm mu, cc bn v chi tit v quy trnh
thc hin, cc cht liu v thnh phn ca cc loi cch nhit Kin trc s
ph duyt trc khi thi cng.
Sn phm mu
- Nh thu phi tng hp v cung cp sn phm mu cho Kin trc s xem
xt v ph dut trc khi thi cng. Cc vt liu khi thi cng phi m bo tun
theo cc yu cu v ng nht cc tnh cht nh sn phm mu cung cp.
C th s dng cc loi vt liu chng thm:
-
Cc sn phm chng thm ca SIKA.
Cc sn phm chng thm ca KOVA.
Cc sn phm chng thm ca SOPPREMA.
Cc sn phm chng thm ca SHELL.
Hoc cc sn phm tng ng c chp thun.
2. Yu cu k thut
Trc khi tin hnh cng tc chng thm, phi tin hnh lm sch cc cht bn
v tp cht trn b mt cu kin.
Sa cha v hn gn cc ch rn nt trn b mt cu kin trc khi tin hnh

chng thm.
Chng thm theo cc phng php v quy trnh ca nh sn xut, c Kin

trc s la chn v ph duyt. Cc Nh thu phi tun theo cc quy trnh ca
Nh sn xut nhm m bo kh nng chng thm cho
Cung cp v chng thm bng cc loi vt liu c Kin trc s chp thun
v theo nh sn phm mu.
Lp t cc mng ngn hi nc theo ng quy trnh k thut, khng chp nhn

cc mng ngn b h hng hoc b rch.
Lp t cc tm cch nhit bng cc loi vt liu c Kin trc s ph duyt,

C nh tm v lp t theo ch dn ca nh sn xut.
3. Ni dung cng vic
Chng thm ban cng

Vt liu chng thm: C th s dng cc sn phm:
- Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi, Lp mng ny c tc
dng co gin, cho php bin dng nhit c lp vi lp b tng sn pha di.
97

CH DN K THUT

- Nh tng cao su tng hp, l sn phm ph gia chng thm cho va xi

mng, bm dnh tt.
- Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane, ding trm khe
co gin trong trng hp thi cng c mch ngng.
Phng php thi cng:
- Ph lp mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi (hoa u tin nn
mt b tng kh bng chi hoc theo phng php phun ( pha long theo t l
20-50% nc). Mt tiu th khong 0,3 kg/m 2 cho lp lt v 0,6kg/m2 cho
lp tip theo. Lp th hai khng s dng nc pha long.
- Ch tin hnh qut lp th hai sau khi lp th nht kh.
- Qut t nht 3 lp mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi cho cc
b mt cn chng thm.
- Trt lp va nh tng cao su tng hp dy 2-3cm bao ph trn b mt lp
mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi sau khi kh 3 ting.
Trn lp va va nh tng cao su tng hp theo t l quy nh: 40 lt ph gia
va nh tng cao su tng hp /m3 va. T l va xi mng ct trn theo t l 3
ct-1xi mng.
- S dng Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane cho cc
v tr tip gip gia cc cu kin b tng, hoc cc im tip gip gia b tng
v ng nha thot nc.
Cung cp v lp t h thng chng thm cho ban cng bng cc sn phm
c Kin trc s la chn hoc ch nh, bao gm cc lp sau:
- Lt lp gch
- Lp va lt to dc i=2%, hng dc th hin trn bn v.
- S dng lp chng thm ca SIKA,KOVA hoc cc sn phm cng loi tng
ng.
V tr: Khu vc ban cng cc tng, chi tit th hin trn bn v.
Chng thm v chng nng cho mi
Vt liu chng thm: S dng cc sn phm chng thm, bao gm:
Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi, Lp mng ny c tc dng
co gin, cho php bin dng nhit ca lp Sika-Latex c lp vi lp b tng sn
pha di.
Nh tng cao su tng hp, l sn phm ph gia chng thm cho va xi mng,
bm dnh tt.
Cht kt ni gia b mt b tng v cht trm khe polyurethane.
Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane, ding trm khe
Phng php thi cng:
Ph lp Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi u tin nn mt
b tng kh bng chi hoc theo phng php phun ( pha long theo t l 2050% nc). Mt tiu th khong 0,3 kg/m2 cho lp lt v 0,6kg/m2 cho lp
tip theo. Lp th hai khng s dng nc pha long.
98

CH DN K THUT

Ch tin hnh qut lp th hai sau khi lp th nht kh.

Qut t nht 3 lp Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi cho cc
b mt cn chng thm.
Trt lp va nh tng cao su tng hp dy 2-3cm bao ph trn b mt lp
Trn lp va nh tng cao su tng hp theo t l quy nh: 40 lt ph gia nh
tng cao su tng hp /m3 va. T l va xi mng ct trn theo t l 3 ct-1xi
mng.
S dng Cht kt ni gia b mt b tng v cht trm khe polyurethane qut 2
cnh v y ca khe co gin.
S dng hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane cho cc v
tr tip gip gia cc cu kin b tng, hoc cc im tip gip gia b tng v
ng nha thot nc.
Cung cp v lp t h thng chng nng cho mi bng sn phm c Kin
trc s la chn hoc ch nh.
Chng thm bn hoa
bm dnh tt.
Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane, ding trm khe
Phng php thi cng:
Trt lp va nh tng cao su tng hp dy 2-3cm bao ph trn b mt cn
chng thm. Trn lp va nh tng cao su tng hp theo t l quy nh: 40 lt
ph gia nh tng cao su tng hp /m3 va. T l va xi mng ct trn theo t l
3 ct-1xi mng.
S dng Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane cho cc v
tr tip gip gia cc cu kin b tng, hoc cc im tip gip gia b tng v
ng nha thot nc.
Cung cp v lp t h thng chng thm cc bn hoa bng sn phm c
Kin trc s la chn hoc ch nh, bao gm cc lp nh sau:
Lp va to dc i = 2%, xi mng ct (1:3) dy t nht 20mm, c ph gia chng
thm. Lp t tm inox dy 0.5mm cho cc v tr yu cu.
Lp chng thm ca SIKA, KOVA hoc cc sn phm tng ng.
V tr: Bn hoa cc khu vc c th hin trn bn v.
Chng thm cc phng v sinh
Cht kt ni epoxy 2 thnh phn.
Va trn sn khng co ngt.
Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi, Lp mng ny c tc dng
co gin, cho php bin dng nhit ca lp Sika-Latex c lp vi lp b tng sn
pha di.
99

CH DN K THUT

bm dnh tt.
Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane, dng trm khe
Phng php thi cng:
Ti cc v tr c t ng nha, c mt trn ca b tng( 10x10mm). Lm sch
v sinh, bm hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane vo
khu vc va c v bo dng qua m.
Trong trng hp cha lp t ng nha, tin hnh lp dng vn khun, va
trn sn khng co ngt v c nh ng khi va cha ng kt. Hon thin b
mt trn cng bng sn phm Hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc
polyurethane.
Ph lp Mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi u tin nn mt
b tng kh bng chi hoc theo phng php phun ( pha long theo t l 2050% nc). Mt tiu th khong 0,3 kg/m2 cho lp lt v 0,6kg/m2 cho lp
tip theo. Lp th hai khng s dng nc pha long.
Ch tin hnh qut lp th hai sau khi lp th nht kh.
Qut t nht 3 lp mng ph nh tng bitum/cao su gc nc n hi cho cc
b mt cn chng thm.
Trt lp va nh tng cao su tng hp dy 2-3cm bao ph trn b mt lp
Trn lp va nh tng cao su tng hp theo t l quy nh: 40 lt ph gia nh
tng cao su tng hp /m3 va. T l va xi mng ct trn theo t l 3 ct-1xi
mng.
S dng Hp cht trm khe co gin cho cc v tr tip gip gia cc cu kin b
tng, hoc cc im tip gip gia b tng v ng nha thot nc.
Cung cp v lp t h thng chng thm cc phng v sinh bng sn phm
c Kin trc s la chn hoc ch nh trn bn v, bao gm t nht cc lp
nh sau:
Lp gch lt
Lp chng thm SIKA,KOVA hc sn phm tng ng
V tr: Tt c cc khu v sinh c th hin trn bn v.
Ph kin thot nc
Cung cp v lp t tt c cc ph kin thot nc cn thit v chng thm
xung quanh cc ph kin ny cc ban cng, sn tri v mi nh, cho cc s
n thot nc... theo ch dn ca Ch nhim d n. Nh thu phi trnh mu
cho Ch nhim d n duyt trc khi lp t trn cng trng. Vt liu s dng:
s dng hp cht trm khe co gin, 1 thnh phn, gc polyurethane, dng
trm khe co gin trong trng hp thi cng c mch ngng.
100

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 11 - CNG TC LP KNH CHO MT DNG NGOI NH

TNG QUAN
Ch dn k thut xc nh cc yu cu v k thut, quy trnh p dng cho thit
k, thi cng, cung cp v cng tc lp t cho h mt dng khung nhm knh,
ca i, ca s nhm knh l v bao che ca cng trnh Nh cao tng N01 T8
Khu th Ngoi giao on, Phng Xun To, Qun Bc T Lim, H Ni.
CC TI LIU, PHNG THC V S THAY TH
a. Cc m t ca mt dng, ca i, ca s nhm knh v cc cng vic lin quan
n knh trong ti liu ny l nhm h tr thit k v k thut cho h v bao che
cng trnh.
101

CH DN K THUT

b. Cc bn v v ch dn nu ra cc tiu chun v yu cu lm vic cho h mt

dng, ca i, ca s nhm knh. Cc yu cu c ch nh bi chi tit vi mc
ch to ra c s cho h thng thit k, kch thc v modul, cm quan v hnh
dng ca cc cu kin. Cc bn v v ch dn k thut khng ch nh hay miu
t tt c cc yu cu cng vic cn hon thnh hay c th khng bao hm cc
iu kin yu cu c bit.
c. Nh thu chu trch nhim chun b, pht hnh bn v Nh thu ( Sau y
gi l bn v Shop) v cc thit k mu c kim tra bi T vn thit k (TVTK)
Cung cp cc bn v mt ct v cu kin cho tng loi mt dng, c th tng
loi ca/ca s lin quan ti hp ng. Cung cp cc bn v phng n i vi
chi tit in hnh ( Ti thiu t l 1:10, mt ct ngang t l 1:1, mt ct dc ti
v tr sn v cc im trung gian quan trng t l 1:!, v tr lin kt) ca tng
lai mt dng v ca, ca s kim tra.
d. Bn v ca Nh thu da trn s ng thun vi thit k mt ct v chi tit
giao np bi Nh thu chnh cn c chp thun bi kin trc s. Cc bn v
kin trc c lin quan ti phn vic ny th hin nh thit k v hnh dng t
nhin ca cu kin. Cc bn v ny cng th hin cc tiu chun chung cho cc
phn ca cng trnh, cn c xem ng b vi phn ch dn ny. Ngoi ch dn
k thut, Nh thu mt dng cn tham kho tt c cc ti liu nh km v cc
thng tin lin quan.
e. Bn v, tnh ton cui cng a vo thi cng cn c chp thun bi TVTK
v cc c quan c thm quyn ph duyt nu cn thit vi thm tra v chu
trch nhim t Nh thu thi cng mt dng.
CC SAI KHC
N c bt k s khc bit hay sai lch xy ra gia cc ti liu cng nh
chnh cc ca cng vic c thc hin bi Nh thu, Nh thu cn lp tc bo
co vi TVTK v ch u t c hng dn hon thnh cng vic mt cch
chnh xc.
CC QUY CHUN V TIU CHUN
Tng quan
Cc cng tc mt dng cn tun th tiu chun lin quan c tham kho v
cc tiu chun quc gia, a phng yu cu; v nhng thay i cp nht ca
quy chun, tiu chun cho ti thi im thc hin.
Tt cc cc tiu chun, quy chun tham kho trong h s ny l cc phin bn,
thay i c cp nht. Tr khi c cc ch nh khc, thit k c thc hin
theo tiu chun Quc gia Vit Nam v ph hp vi iu kin mi trng a
phng. Cc tiu chun Quc gia Vit Nam c u tin p dng nu cha c th
p dng tiu chun Quc t cng loi.
Tiu chun p dng
QCVN 09-2013/BXD: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cc cng trnh xy dng
s dng nng lng hiu qu
TCVN 2737-1995: Ti trng v tc ng, tiu chun thit k
TCVN 5839: Nhm v hp kim nhm. Thanh, thi, ng v profin. Tnh cht c l
102

CH DN K THUT

TCVN 7526-2005: Knh xy dng nh ngha v phn loi

TCVN 7219-2002: Knh tm xy dng Phng php th
TCVN 7218-2002: Knh tm xy dng - Knh ni. Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7529-2005: Knh xy dng - Knh mu hp th nhit
TCVN 7528-2005: Knh xy dng Knh ph phn quang
TCVN 7737-2007: Knh xy dng Phng php xc nh xuyn quang,
phn quang, tng nng lng bc x mt tri xuyn qua v bc x t ngoi
TCVN 7364-1:2004, TCVN 7364-2:2004, TCVN 7364-3:2004, TCVN 7364-4:2004,
TCVN 7364-5:2004, TCVN 7364-6:2004: Knh xy dng. Knh dn nhiu lp v
knh dn an ton nhiu lp
TCVN 7455-2004: Knh ti nhit an ton
TCVN 7505-2005: Quy phm s dng knh trong xy dng La chn v lp t
NI DUNG CNG VIC
H thng knh mt dng c s dng trong cng trnh ny l h thng c
khung ni. Cc tm knh c gn vo thanh ngang v thanh ng bng cc
lin kt c kh (vt).
Cc ng gn, cc ng ni lin tc, ng ni ngang c thit k ph
hp vi cc tc ng ngang, dch chuyn ca kt cu v di chuyn ca kt cu
chnh do tc ng gi, hiu ng nhit, co/gin n. H mt dng c kh nng chu
lc xon gia cc tng do ng t nh phn tch bi kt cu. Lin kt cc tm:
treo pha trn (vo sn tng trn). Cc giong ngang c h tr bi cc thanh
profile nht nh. Nu cn tht, nguyn tc trn c th p dng cho giong
ng.
Thanh ng v thanh ngang c lm t profile nhm vi chi tit bo n bng
h thng giong cao su. Trong mi trng hp, lp cch nhit cn c thi cng
lin tc. Thanh ng v thanh ngang c h tr bi thp lng bn trong nu
cn thit. Tt c kch thc mt ct cn c tun th m bo chu lc.
S dng hp kim nhm 6063-T5 vi nhng c tnh c l:
M un n hi E = 751060 N/mm
Modulus ct G = 27000 N/mm
H s gin n nhit tuyn tnh = 23*10^-6 K^-1
Khi lng ring = 2700 kg/m
EN AW-6063-T5:
f0,2 = 120 N/mm charact. value of 0,2% proof strength for t < 5 mm
f0,2 = 100 N/mm charact. value of 0,2% proof strength for 5 < t < 25
mm
fu = 160 N/mm ultimate tensile strength for t < 5 mm
fu = 140 N/mm ultimate tensile strength for 5 < t < 25 mm
f0,2 = 120 N/mm charact. Gi tr 0,2% i vi th bn t < 5 mm
f0,2 = 100 N/mm charact. Gi tr 0,2% i vi th bn 5 < t < 25 mm
fu = 160 N/mm bn ko ti hn t < 5 mm
103

CH DN K THUT

fu = 140 N/mm bn ko ti hn 5 < t < 25 mm

H khung nhm hon thin cn c chp thun bi kin trc s, anodized hoc
sn tnh in theo bng mu RAL hoc NSC.
i vi h khung nhm c hon thin bng sn tnh in. Lp sn (sn tnh
in) trn cc h nhm c dy 65 mm 15 m theo EN ISO 2360, c thc
hin t nh my v c bo hnh ti thiu 5 nm. Mu sc ca lp ph do ch
u t chn
Cc bn m c gn vo cnh sn bng cc neo (vt n), v tr cn c trao
i vi Nh thu kt cu.
Cc tm mt dng ni chung l phng v hnh ch nht.
Kch thc v v tr c th ca cc knh khc nhau theo bn v ca kin trc s.
U- value (knh, dc, theo EN 673, T = 15K)
5,8 W / mK
H s hp th nhit (SHGC) ca knh
0,77
H s xuyn sng (VLT)
0,88
Cch m cch nhit (trong khng kh, o trong phng th nghim) cho cc khu
vc thng xuyn Rw = 31dB
iu kin cho cc phn tch chng ngng t b mt bn ngoi:
85% R / H
Bn trong:
T = 10 C,
T = + 22 C, 50% R / H
iu kin cho cc phn tch chng ngng t b mt bn ngoi bn ngoi: T =

40 C, 80% R / H
Bn trong:
T = + 22 C, 50% R / H
Chng trm theo EN 1627
khng c yu cu
Khng n theo EN 1522
khng c yu cu
Khng bom n theo tiu chun ISO 16.933
khng c yu cu
Tm chng st kt ni vi h thng tip t theo

Radar suy gim
thm khng kh trong theo EN 12.152 (mt dng)
chng thm trong theo EN 12154 (mt dng)
K s in
khng c yu cu
lp AE
lp RE 1200
Ti trng gi theo Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 2737-1995 v ti trng v tc

ng, tiu chun thit k
Giong knh: EPDM, silicone, hoc giong cao su nn neoprene, mu sc ph
hp vi keo, c dy nn ti thiu di 25% khi lp t. m bo cc
thanh giong m c sc bn ko 1.500 psi, cng Durometer A l 50 +/25% ko di ti thiu ti kh hoi v khng ozone khng to cc vt nt. S
dng cc loi giong v keo silicone khng thi tit. Chiu di lp giong hoc
keo phi ph kn ht chiu di tm knh m bo khng lt nc
Cc Block, block in ch trng, thanh chu p, Block chng bc qua:
Neoprene theo tiu chun ASTM C542, silicone hoc EPDM, c cng
Durometer 60 'A'.
104

CH DN K THUT

YU CU K THUT
Bn v ca Nh thu nn kt hp v chng minh s tun th vi cc yu cu k
thut sau y, c xem l cc yu cu k thut ti thiu v cc nguyn tc
chung.
Nh thu chu trch nhim i vi cc bn v ti liu ca mnh cho h thng mt
dng v phi t c hoc vt qua cc tiu chun thit k v ch dn k thut
cho tt c cc thnh phn ca cu kin, bao gm cc cng on lp t ca Nh
thu.
Cc sn phm tham kho c xc nh trong ch dn k thut ny m t cc
tiu chun ti thiu ca cc sn phm c th. Nh thu c th c cc sn phm
khc so vi cc sn phm tham kho nu c th xc minh s tng ng v
mt thit k, c tnh v kh nng lm vic. Xc minh nh vy cn phi c
trnh by chi tit v bng vn bn. Sn phm thay th i hi phi c s chp
thun t ch u t.
YU CU SN PHM
Cc tiu ch thc hin quy nh di y c p dng cho ton b mt dng v
h mi knh, trong c tt c cc vt liu, linh kin, chi tit lin kt h trn, v
tt c cc mi ni gia n v b mt cng trnh.
a. Lin kt
Cc lin kt c thit k sao cho h hng ca mt lin kt khng lm nh
hng ti cc lin kt lin k.
b. Dch chuyn v Dung sai.
Tt c cc thnh phn ca h mt dng v mi knh phi c kh nng p ng
dch chuyn v dung sai.
c. Thay th.
Tt c cc thnh phn ca h mt dng v mi knh phi c kh nng thay th
m khng cn tho d cc tm p bn ngoi.
d. vng cho php
Cho php bin dng trong phm vi yu cu.
e. p ng dch chuyn do nhit
Cc tm p bn ngoi phi c kh nng p ng nhng thay i v kch
thc v hnh dng ca cc thnh phn ca n do nhng thay i t nhit v
do s khc bit v nhit gia bn trong v bn ngoi ca ta nh m khng
lm gim cc tnh nng nh c ch dn.
Trng hp cn thit tin hnh kim tra i vi cc nh hng ca dch
chuyn nhit v thm thu khng kh v nc ca cu kin lp t.
Cc tm p bn ngoi v tt c cc thnh phn lin quan phi c thit k
sao cho bt k chuyn ng nhit khng gy ting ng ng k.
Cc kch thc hin th trn bn v c da trn nhit thit k 30 C.
Ch to, lp rp v lp t do phi a tnh ton nhit mi trng ti thi
im cc hot ng tng ng.
Phm vi Nhit lm vic
105

CH DN K THUT

Cc v d sau y ca cc phm vi nhit lm vic hng nm cho cc vt liu

c s dng trong trng hp bnh thng ti a im d n c xem xt khi
thit k cc cng tc mt dng (nu khng c ch nh khc trong m t c
th cc loi mt dng / thnh phn trong ch dn k thut ny):
Nhit b mt bn ngoi
Vt liu nng, mu sng
50C ti + 550C
Vt liu nng , mu ti
50C ti + 700C
Vt liu nh (bo n), mu sng
50C ti + 650C
Vt liu nh (bo n), ti mu
50C ti + 850C
Knh, trong
50C ti + 600C
Knh, mu hoc knh kim sot bc x
50C ti + 950C
iu kin thit k ni tht:

Ta nh trng hoc cha s dng:
100C +400C
Ta nh trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng:

Ma h:
220C +/- 10C, 50% R / H ti a
Winter:
220C +/- 10C, khng kim sot R / H
f. p ng dch chuyn do m
Cc tm p bn ngoi, bao gm tt c cc mi ni gia n v cc cu kin khc
phi c kh nng p ng cc dch chuyn sau y m khng lm gim cc tnh
nng c ch inh:
Do nhng thay i trong m ca cc thnh phn, kt qu t nhng thay
i trong m ca khng kh, bn trong hoc bn ngoi ta nh.
Do vic gin n ca m hp th hoc ngng ng do ng bng.
g. Thm thu kh
Yu cu::
h. Cc tm p bn ngoi, bao gm tt c cc mi ni gia n v cc cu kin
khc c thit k ngn chn lung khng kh, t b mt bn ngoi vo
bn trong cng trnh, thng qua cc ng giong ni ca bc Tng knh, cho
mc ch:
Tin nghi cho ngi s dng
Hn ch tn tht nhit
Gim ting n do gi
Mt dng knh c thc hin theo cc yu cu v kn khng kh ca ca s /
l m theo EN 12207. Kn kh mt dng theo EN 12152. Xem m t kiu mt
dng cho phn loi yu cu.
S khng c cc vng tp trung dng khng kh thng qua cc tm p bn
ngoi, cc v tr ng, hoc bt k l m sng hoc khe thng khi c trang b
vo lp tm ph bn ngoi.
Cc tiu ch trn c p dng kim tra p sut ln nht hoc p lc gi thit
k, ty iu kin no l ln hn. Ngoi cc yu cu c nu, mt dng cn phi
106

CH DN K THUT

c kim tra p lc lin quan n tc gi c xc nh bi cc bo co th

nghim hm gi. Yu cu v knh khi cn c m bo trong tt c cc ln
kim tra. im ny c th lm thay i chi tit h mt dng.
i. Khng nc thm nhp
Cc yu cu:
Cc tm p bn ngoi, v n ngoi tht tch hp, bao gm tt c cc mi ni
gia n v cc cu kin khc c thit k ngn chn r r nc vo mt
trong ca vch.
Cc tm p bn ngoi, v n ngoi tht tch hp, bao gm tt c cc mi ni
gia n v cc cu kin khc, c thit k ngn nga nhp cnh nc vo
nhng b phn ca lp v bao che bn ngoi m b nh hng tiu cc bi s
hin din ca nc.
Cc tm p bn ngoi, v n ngoi tht tch hp, c thit k thng
thong v thot nc tt nc thm nhp vo cc h thng khung c thot
ra bn ngoi thng qua mt h thng thot nc thch hp. Vic x ca tt c
cc nc nh vy s trnh to ra cc vt bn hoc ng cn trn b mt.
Cc tiu ch trn c p dng cho cc kim tra p sut nh hoc p lc gi
thit k, ty iu kin no ln hn. Ngoi cc yu cu c nu, cc h mt
dng cn phi c kim tra p lc lin quan n tc gi c xc nh c
bng cc bo co th nghim hm gi. Th nghim chng xm nhp cn phi t
tt c cc ln kim tra. im ny c th lm thay i ch tit h mt dng.
Mt dng knh c thc hin theo cc yu cu ca v kn nc cho ca s /
l m theo EN 12208. kn nc cho mt dng theo EN 12154. Xem m t kiu
mt dng bit phn loi yu cu.
j. Khng gi an ton
Yu cu:
Cc tm p bn ngoi s truyn ti trng ng v tnh vo kt cu ca ta nh
thng qua cc im h tr cung cp cho mc ch ny vi mt bin an
ton nhng c gi tr ti thiu l 120% ca ti trng gi thit k.
C TNH NHIT
U-value
Ton b tm p bn ngoi cn t c h s truyn nhit U-value theo yu cu
l tng hp cho ton b mt dng cng trnh nh c nh ngha trong m t
kiu mt dng c th.
Chi tit cch nhit
Chi tit cch nhit c cung cp loi b cc tc ng c hi ca hiu ng
truyn nhit bc cu v trnh cc nguy c ngng t.
Cc chi tit cch nhit cn c t cng gn mt bn ngoi ca cc cu
kin cng tt.
Cc thnh phn truyn dn
Ch c bit ti cc cu kin truyn dn xuyn qua mt phng ca h p,
c bit lin quan ti nh hng ca chng ti tnh nng cch nhit tng th ca
107

CH DN K THUT

h mt dng v lin quan ti cc ri ro ca s ngng t. Cc cu kin phi

c bc bo n hoc cch ly, khi cn thit, trnh bt k h hi cho h tng
knh.
Ty theo quyt nh ca Qun l gim st cng trng, Nh thu s cung cp
mt bi kim tra mu ca cc chi tit hoc cc chi tit ang c xem xt
chng minh tinhs m truyn nhit ca cu kin.
S NGNG T
H thng tm p bn ngoi c thit k ngng t khng hnh thnh trn b
mt bn trong ca bt k thnh phn khung, lin kt hoc cc thnh phn khc,
trc khi hnh thnh ngng t b mt pha trong ca bt k h knh cch nhit
di cc iu kin iu kin quy nh.
S ngng t khng c hnh thnh trn b mt bn trong ta nh ca cc cu
kin khung, hoc bt k phn no ca tm b mt ni n c th dn n suy
gim tnh nng lm vic, lm h hi hoc lm bn, theo cc iu kin quy nh.
KH NNG CHNG CHY
Chng chy, tng quan
Cc tm p bn ngoi (bao gm c ca ra vo v khung) s khng gy chy v
ngn chn s ly lan ca la v khi. Chng phi tun th hon ton vi EN
13.501, loi A v tt c cc quy chun xy dng v yu cu ca cc c quan c
thm quyn lin quan. Trc khi thc hin cng vic trn hin trng, Nh thu
s cung cp cho qun l gim st cng trng bng chng v s tun th .
H thng mt dng bao gm c knh khng cn phi c bc chu la. ngn
chn s ly lan la gia cc tng, gia cc l m khng c bo v ca hai
tng nh ca s, mt dng c bo v bng mt h thng cha chy
nc( sprinkler) t ng (khng phi trong phm vi ca Nh thu) bng cch
nh v u phun nc bn trong ti a cch mt dng 1,5 m.
Cc bc tng b tng kt cu thp cn c kh nng khang chy t bn trong
c ch nh trong h s thit k an ton chng chy.
Ti cc v tr c yu cu v iu kin khng chy c th i vi cu kin hoc
kt cu ca cu kin lin kt vi h mt dng, im giao ny cn c bo v
chng chy cng cp vi cu kin ni trn.
Cc tm p bn ngoi s khng c cu to bng vt liu bt chy, gia tng
m chy, v / hoc to ra kh c hi.
Chi tit lp t chng chy lan v ngn khi cn c tch hp tt c cc tng
ca cc khu vc bn ngoi mt dng. Chi tit ngn chy cn c lin kt c
lp, khng gn vo h mt dng v c cu thnh t vt liu thch hp c
th lin kt c hc.
Nh thu cn t c s chp thun ca cc c quan c thm quyn a
phng v c quan PCCC cho cc chi tit ngn chy lan, ngn khi v phng
php lin kt.
Theo yu cu hin ti, s n nh kt cu ca cc chi tit ngn chy cn t kh
nng khng b ph hy hay tho ri ra trong trng hp ha hon. Chi tit lin
kt cn m bo ngn la v khi cng v tr phi c kh nng khng la
tng ng vi cc cu kin tng, sn m h mt dng c gn vo.
Dung sai cn c thit k trong chi tit ny cho php cc dch chuyn kt
cu hay vng c th xy ra trong qu trnh lm vic ca cng trnh.
108

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 12 - CNG TC HON THIN CNH QUAN NGOI NH

1. Trng c.
M t.
Phn ny bao gm cng tc khai thc, mua vt t, vt liu v cung cung cp ti
v tr trn cng trng, gieo ht v trng cc tng c, bi c tun th cc yu
109

CH DN K THUT

cu ca Ch dn k thut thi cng nghim thu ti cc v tr c ch ra trong

cc bn v hoc do T vn gim st ch nh.
Vt liu.
a.Vng c.
Ngun c phi c k s TVGS chp thun trc khi o v vn chuyn ti
cng trnh, Nh thu phi thng bo vi k s t nht 3 ngy trc khi cng vic
o c bt u. C phi c trng 5 ngy t khi o mang v. Vng (tng) c
phi khe mnh, rm, r pht trin tt, bn vng v l cc loi c c ch ra
trn bn v, c th yu cu cung cp c ngay ti cc a phng, khng ln
c di.
C phi c chiu di xp x 50mm (nu di hn th c th ct ta i c chiu
di tng ng) ti thi im c c nh vng. Tng c khng c ln rc.
Tng c phi ct thnh hnh vung u n, khong 300mm x 300mm, khng
nn ln hn thun tin cho vic em trng.
Chiu dy tng c phi cng u cng tt, khong chng 40mm hoc ln hn
ph thuc vo tnh t nhin ca tng c. Gc, r ca c phi c bo qun mt
cch thn trng tng c khng b t hoc v.
Nh thu phi ti lng nc t nht 12 gi trc khi ct ta to iu
kin cho tng c c m t tt vi chiu su phi ct trnh lm tng c b
ct trong iu kin kh gy ra b gy hoc v trong khi ct.
b.Bi c.
Bi (tm) c phi khe mnh, rm, r pht trin tt, bn vng v cc loi c
c ch ra trn bn v thit k cnh quan, Nh thu c th d tr trng trc
nu khng c kh nng cung cp c ngay ti a phng.
c.Ht c ging.
Trong trng hp ch nh trng c bng bin php gieo ht, th ht ging c
phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
Ht c ging c cha, vn chuyn trong cc ti, hp bng giy kapron (giy
xi mng);
Cht lng ht ging phi u v l cc loi c c ch nh ra trn bn v, c
th yu cu cung cp c ngau ti a phng;
Khng ln ht c di hoc loi khng mong mun.
Cc yu cu thi cng.
a.Chun b v nn t.
Phm vi s trng c phi chun b theo ng yu cu theo ng phng php
trng c m t trn, hnh dng v mt ct ngang th hin, nh v y
ca cc mi dc phi gt trn trc khi t cc vng c theo ch dn ca T vn
gim st.
Trng hp c c trng trong cc vin b tng p mi c khot l hoc khung
b tng th trc cng tc p mi phi c hon tt v c T vn gim
st chp thun.
Khu vc trng c phi c lm sch , r cy hoc cc vt liu l khng
thch hp khc.
b. t vng c.
110

CH DN K THUT

Nn t trng cy cc tng c phi c ti m v xi so chiu sau,

m bo ti xp. Nu ti khng m t nhin th Nh thu phi ti b
sung trc khi t cc tng c trong vng 24 gi.
Tng c trn cc mi dc phi c t t chn dc t ngc ln tr khi c
quy nh khc. Khi t tng c trong cc rnh hoc cc v tr tng t khc th
chiu di cc vt c phi t vung gc vi hng dng nc chy.
Tng c phi t sao cho cc mi ni to ra gia cc di c khng lin tc. Mi
tng c phi t sao cho n kht vi tng c t trc .
c.Ghim vng c.
Trn tt c cc ta luy c chiu di mi dc ln hn gp 4 ln kch thc vng c
th vng c phi c ghim bng dc tre c chiu di 200 -300mm, khong cch
cn theo yu cu t nhin ca t v dc ng ca ta luy.
d. Trng c bi.
Trong trng hp mi ta luy c p bng vin b tng c khot l rng th
phn l rng phi c trng cc bi c.
Nh thu phi s dng cc dng c cn thit nh dy ly c, bay nh, cc tr
v g tin hnh cng tc trng bi c theo ng mt c th hin trn
bn v.
e.Gieo ht c.
Ht c c gieo bng phng php th cng, c th s phi s dng cc cng
c cm tay to hc gieo ht trn mi dc.
f.Hon thin.
Sau khi hon thnh hng mc trng c, phm vi phi c lm sch, dn dp
cc tng c b v, t tha hoc tp cht, sau phi rc mt lp trng cy mn,
mng ln tng c x l mt, v sau lm m hon ton bng cch ti nc
dng phun ma.
g.Bo dng v bo v.
Nh thu tin hnh nh du, nh k ti u n v bo dng cc khu vc
c trng c trong iu kin tt nht trong sut qu trnh thi cng cho ti
khi c chp nhn cui cng v cng tc ny ca T vn gim st.
2. t mu.
M t.
Hng mc ny bao gm khai thc, cung cp v vn chuyn t mu, c s
dng trng cy, tin hnh trn phn bn, nh lung trn phm v trng cy,
c c ch ra trn bn v.
Hng mc ny cng bao gm cc cng tc nh ti nc, vun gc v chm bn
nh k cy xanh, c trong sut thi gian thc hin d n v thi hn bo hnh
cng trnh
Vt liu.
t mu c s dng trng cy khng c ln rc ri hay cha cc cht
gy hi cho s tng trng ca cy. Lp t mu phi c ri trong h trng
hoc c ri u trn b mt t c bn v khng ln cc gc, r cy, gch
(c ng knh 50mm hoc ln hn), cc cc st v cc vt liu tng t.
111

CH DN K THUT

Hn hp tiu chun c trng gia t ph sa v phn bn c cc tiu chun

ch yu sau:
+ t ph sa c PH7 chim : 75%
+ Phn bn vi sinh hoc ha hc 25%
+ Hm lng cht hu c khng c di 3% hoc khng vt qu 20%
+ C m hp l cho mi thnh phn hn hp trn, khng v vn cc.
Nh thu c th ci to t a trong qu trnh thi cng bng cc loi phn bn
v phng php c chp thun tng ng vi cc th nghim cn thit ,
m bo vt liu tun th cc yu cu ca Qui nh thi cng nghim thu, tiu
chun k thut ang hin hnh ti Vit Nam nh c lit k di y:
TCVN 1078:1999
Phn ln canxi-magie (phn ln nung chy)
TCVN 2619:1994
Ure nng nghip. Yu cu k thut
TCVN 2620:1994
Ure nng nghip. Phng pho th
TCVN 4440-87
Supephotphat n
TCVN 4227-89
Phn khong. Danh mc ch tiu cht lng k thut
TCVN 4852-89
Phn khong. Phng php xc nh bn tnh ca cc
ht
TCVN 4853-89
Phn khong. Phng php xc nh thnh phn c ht
TCVN 5815:2001
Phn hn hp NPK. Phng php th
TCVN 6166:2002
Phn bn vi sinh vt c nh ni t
TCVN 6167:1996
Phn bn vi sinh phn gii hp cht pht pho kh tan
TCVN 6168:2002
Ch phm vi sinh vt phn gii xelulo
TCVN 7159:2002
Phn bn v cht ci to t. Phn loi
TCVN 7185:2002
Phn hu c vi sinh vt
TCVN 7288:2002
Phn bn. Ghi nhn. Cch trnh by v cng b
Tp kt vt liu.
t mu nu phi khai thc v vn chuyn n cng trng, phi c tp kt
trn mt khu vc ring bit, khng c ln ln vi cc loi t c o b,
khng th tn dng c. Khu vc phi cch bit vi khu dn c, thot nc
tt.
Trong trng hp phi gi vt liu trong thi gian di v thi tit kh, Nh thu
phi c bin php gi m v che chn hp l, trnh gy bi bn trong khng kh
do t qu kh.
Khi trn cng trng c sn t mu thch hp, Nh thu phi c bin php di
chuyn ngn cch chng vi cc vt liu khng tn dng c, gi m v che
chn hp l, khng c gy nhim mi trng xung quanh.
Khi ly t mu t cc ngun cung cp, nm ngoi khu vc cng trng, Nh
thu phi xc nh v tr v thng bo bng vn bn v phi c TVGS ph
chun.
Nh thu phi t tnh ton khi lng cn thit s s dng, khai thc v vn
chuyn tha n ni cng vic s thc hin. Bt c khi lng t mu c vn
chuyn tha thi n cng trng phi c ht gn, vn chuyn i v khng
c thanh ton thm.
Yu cu thi cng
a. Yu cu chung
Cc din tch s c ri t phi c th hin trn cc bnh hoc do TVGS
yu cu.
Cc dng c, vt t thch hp cn thit cho cng tc chun b v x l mt
bng, trn t trng phi c qun l trong tnh trng tt.
112

CH DN K THUT

b. Chun b mt t t nhin
Ngay trc khi tin hnh v ri lp t mu trn bt c din tch no, mt
bng phi c xi xp ln bng cy a hoc ba c rng nhn hay bng cc
cng c c chp thun khc ti su ti thiu 50cm to iu kin cho
vic lin kt ca lp t trng vi lp t c bn. B mt ca phn din tch
c ri lp t mu phi c lm sch gch c ng knh ln hn 50mm
v tt c cc loi rc v vt liu c th gy hi ti s lin kt, s tng trong
cc mao mch hay s tng trng thch hp ca cc loi cy trng s trng.
Phi b sung bin php bo v lp t mu di trn cc mt dc khng b ra
tri.
c. Trn cc din tch khng c gii hn
Lp t mu phi c di u trn din tch c chun b. Vic di lp t
mu s khng c php tin hnh khi nn t hoc lp t mu qu m t,
hoc trong iu kin c th gy nh hng n cng vic. Vic di t mu phi
c tin hnh lin tc c th tin hnh trng cy ngay sau khng i
hi thm bt c mt cng tc no.
d. Cc khu vc b gii hn
Cc din tch b , phm vi th cng cht hp, t mu phi c , ri rvaf
c chun b bng th cng hay bng cc thit b kch c nh, iu khin th
cng.
t mu phi c ri u trn ton b din tch c chun b ti chiu su
yu cu. Vic ri t khng c php tin hnh khi nn t hoc lp t mu
qu m t hoc trong iu kin khng thun li, gy nh hng n cng vic.
Sau khi tin hnh ri vt liu, bt c mt cc t b vn cc, kch c khng ph
hp u phi p vn bng th cng hay s dng cc cng c c hiu qu khc,
c ng knh t 50mm phi c lc v loi b. Sau khi ri xong, lp t
mu phi c m cht bng th cng hay bng bin php s dng cc
cng c c chp thun khc. t mu phi m theo hng, lung trng
nu c ch ra trn bn v, dc dc v dc ngang theo yu cu thit k.
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim vun, qut v vn chuyn t, rc ri trn mt
bng v ng ca khu vc xung quanh trong qu trnh vn chuyn, tp kt hay
x l trn t mt cch khn trng, khng chm ch.
3. Cy xanh v thm c
M t
Mc ny a ra cc quy nh k thut cho cng tc trng cy v thm c ca
D n theo ng thit k c duyt thoc theo ch dn ca TVGS.
Vt liu
Cy trng v cy bi s c trng nhng v tr c ch ra trong bn v.
Gi bng g hoc tre ro bo v theo quy nh.
Ct, buc bng nhng cy gai du hoc cc r t nhin khc c TVGS
chp thun.
Phn bn ( c ch dn chi tit trong mc quy nh ny).
Chun b
Sau khi dn dp vi gch v khu vc trng cy, s iu chnh cao tng t
mt trng cy theo ch ra trong bn v.
113

CH DN K THUT

phng chng nc chy ngc, to dc 0,3% theo hng dn dng chy.

Tt c cc t trng cho khu vc trng trt s gm hn hp 5cm t bn v
10cm t hin c. Tng t trng s c lp t sau khi dn dp vi gch
v gy ra do cc cng vic xy dng vo dn dp c di khu vc trng cy.
Khng cho php s dng cc ha cht d dit c di, cy di
Chun b t trng hnh thnh giai on cui cng ca cng vic v t khi c
iu kin v cc cao v ng mc thit k c ch ra trong cc bn v.
Quy cch cy
Tr khi trn bn v hoch TVGS c ch nh khc, cy trng phi dng cc yu
cu sau:
Cy cao t 1m-8m;
Cy bi cao trn 80cm;
Cc cy bi v bi rm s c buc cht vo gi trnh h hi trong qu
trnh giao thng i li;
L cy c ct ta gim bay h;
Tt c cc cy trng phi khe, tt, khng b su bnh.
Trng cy
Vic trng cy s bt u khi:
Hon thnh ng k cng vic xy lp, v sau khi
C vn bn chp thun ca TVGS.
Trc khi trng cy, phi cho hn hp t v phn bn vo cc h trng v cc
h ny phi c dn dp cc loi gch, v.
Mi mt cy s c g nh nhng xung y h, cho thm t trng xung
quanh r v m nn nu cn thit cho cy chc chn.
Cy v cy bi c trng trc khi trng c hoc c xanh v sau khi chun b
v san t.
Cc v tr trng cy phi c xc nh tham kho bng cc v tr ng cc theo
quy nh trong cc bn v chi tit, v phi c TVGS thng qua.
Cc h trng cy s theo quy nh nh di y:
+ i vi cy bng mt: t 80cm cho n sau 100cm
+ i vi cy bi: 50x50cm su 50cm hoc 30x30cm n su 30cm theo
quy nh.
Nh thu s hon tt cng vic trng cy trong khong khng qu mt tun
sau khi thi cng cc h trng cy.
Hn hp t s dng lp y h s l t trng, l t khng c nhng hn
to qu 4cm. Hn hp ny s c cho vo trong h dn bng n su
15cm trc khi trng cy v c s dng lp y cao cui cng.
khi ti nc, nc khng b chy i, t trng quanh cc cy v cc bi s
c san sao cho thp hn 2cm so vi khu vc xung quanh.
Cung cp cc cc chng bo v mi cy. Cc cc tre hoc g c cung cp
ny s c qut mt lp creosote hoc tng ng chng mc nt. Cc
cc ny s di khng nh hn 1,8m ( vi 0,6m chn trong t trng).
Cc cy trng s c ti nc t khi trng cho n cui giai on hp ng.
Thi gian ti cy quy nh nh sau:
+ Bui sng: t 05h 09h
+ Bui chiu: t 17h30
114

CH DN K THUT

PHN 5 - C IN
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu thi cng h thng c in
trong cng trnh.
Cc nh ngha
H thng c in bao gm:
H thng in
H thng in nh
H thng cp nc
H thng thot nc ma, nc thi
H thng thng gi, HKK
H thng Phng chy cha chy
ngoi
2.
Chun b iu kin thi cng

Tip nhn hin trng trc khi thi cng
115

CH DN K THUT

Phn Xy th ca cng trnh c thc hin, tr mt s v tr c bit cn

phi hp vi cc cng tc khc.
Chun b thi cng
+ Chun b ng vo khu vc s c thi cng.
+ Chun b ng vn chuyn vt liu ti khu vc thi cng;
+ Mt bng phc v thi cng thi cng cn c xc nh c iu kin
thoi mi nht cho cng nhn thi cng. Khu vc thi cng cn c xc nh c
th cho mi v tr v theo tng cng tc nhm bo m an ton cho cng nhn
v nhng i tng khc trn cng trng;
thin.
cng tc thi cng (vn thng, cc loi dn gio (c nh, t nng, treo...), knh
bo v, dy eo lng an ton....):
thit b...
3.

- i vi vt t, vt liu c php s dng. V d: Phi quy nh cht ch v vt
t c s dng trong cng tc thi cng. Nhng loi vt t s dng cho h thng
c in c catalogues phi c ch u t ph duyt ra sao v cch lu gi
nhng catalogues ny. Nhng loi vt t khng c catalogues th nu phng
php gi mu, cch nim phong mu v ni lu gi mu.
trnh.
tra vt
116

CH DN K THUT


4.
Vn chuyn, bc xp v bo qun vt t
php s dng.
5.
H s cn c trc khi thi cng

- Bn v v cc yu cu k thut cho cng tc trin khai thi cng, bn thuyt
minh cho cng tc thi cng, bn ch dn thi cng.
tc hon thin.
- Nhng th nghim kim tra bin php an ton khi thi cng vi y xc nhn
ca n v kim tra, nu cn, phi thm s c mt ca c quan qun l nh nc
v an ton ny.
- Bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc trc khi tin hnh cng tc thi cng h
thng c in.
6.
Quy trnh phi tun th khi thi cng h thng c in

Cng tc chun b cho thi cng
phn chun b.
- Quy nh v th tc nghim thu cc cng tc chun b trc khi thi cng.
nghim cht lng cng tc thi cng c in, nu cn.
117

CH DN K THUT


Tin hnh thi cng
thit k bin php thi cng.
- Ph bin v ch dn cho nhng ngi thc hin cng tc thi cng c in v
quy trnh, thao tc tc nghip khi hon thin, nhn mnh s phi hp trong qu
trnh thc hin .
+ Cc yu cu v ghi nht k thi cng trong cng tc thi cng;
+ Vai tr gim st tc gi: Gim st tc gi v yu cu ca thit k, v s tun
th kin ca gim st tc gi thng qua k s t vn gim st, quy nh v
trng hp cha nht tr v cht lng gia k s t vn gim st v gim st
tc gi, quy nh v kin chuyn gia nc ngoi (nu cng trnh c chuyn gia
nc ngoi);
Lnh sn xut ca k s thi cng ca nh thu, s chp hnh kin ca k s t
vn gim st.
Bo dng cho cc h thng trc khi bn giao
dng tng ng cho tng cng tc. S tun th cc yu cu k thut trong b
h s mi thu. S tun th ca tc gi thit k trong cng tc bo dng.
Lp h s hon cng nghim thu
hnh.
118

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 2 - IN - CHNG ST
1.
TNG QUAN
Phm vi cng vic ca ton b cc cng tc v h thng c in bao gm
phn cng ngh, cung ng, giao hng, lp t, th nghim v vn hnh th,
bn giao, hun luyn, bo tr v bo hnh ton b nh c m t hoc ng
mt cch hp l trong Hp ng. Nh thu phi cung cp cc cng trnh v
h thng hot ng vi y cc tnh nng ph hp vi cc yu cu trong
hp ng.
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim sp xp v phi hp phn thit b v cc h
thng k thut, v thc hin cc bn v thi cng kt hp nhm chng minh
cng tc lp t ph hp vi cc bn v thit k chi tit v c tnh k thut
theo hp ng .
Cc bn v thi cng phi m t cc s o thc t, cc kch thc/cao b tr
do Nh thu thu thp v xc nh hin trng, thit b/vt t s dng trong
thc t, tuyn lp t cc h thng thc t, s phi hp vi cc h thng lp
t khc, tnh trng/cc hn ch cng trng.
Cc thit b v vt t phn in phi thch hp vn hnh vi cng sut ti
a bo m.
119

CH DN K THUT

1.1
M T CNG VIC
Phn vic c m t trong phn ny bao gm vic cung cp, lp t, th
nghim, chy th, bo tr v bo hnh cc phn vic trong nh c lit k
di y.
- Cp h th chnh t trm bin p ti t in tng;
- T phn phi in tng IP41;
- H thng b h s cng sut;
- Ton b h thng ni t;
- H thng cp in u tin v khng u tin gia t in phn phi tng vi
cc t phn phi nhnh, thang my, h thng bm nc v cc t iu
khin ng c ca h thng cu ho;
- Ton b t phn phi in cho cng trnh;
- Dy dn in b sung mng in ng lc v chiu sng;
- Chiu sng ti tt c cc tng;
- Chiu sng cho ton b khu cng cng, hnh lang,
- H thng dy cho chiu sng tng in hnh;
- Nh thu ph phn in s bao gm vic cung cp, lp t v vn hnh
th ton b cc t phn phi in ton cng trnh, chiu sng, ng lc v
ton b cc cng vic lin quan bao gm i dy v iu khin;
- H thng chng st;
- Ti liu hon cng;
- Bo tr v bo hnh;
Trch nhim chung
Trin khai thit k chi tit ph hp vi t ng v ch ca quy cch k thut
ny.
Cung cp v lp t ton b thit b theo thit k c s chp thun ca
Ch u t v bn thit k.
Cung cp v lp t ton b thit b theo m t.
1.2
BO M CHT LNG
1.2.1
Cc Tiu chun v Hng dn Lp t quc t

Vic lp t, vt liu v thit b phi ph hp vi cc yu cu mi nht ca
cc tiu chun, cc hng dn v cc ti liu khc c ban hnh bi cc c
quan chc nng v cc t chc chuyn ngnh quc t c m t trong cc
tiu chun sau:
1.2.2
NFPA
Hip hi Phng chy cha chy quc gia (M)
IEC
y ban k thut in quc t
IECEE
in
Tiu chun IEC kim tra s ph hp v chng nhn cc thit b
BS
Tiu chun Anh
Cc Qui nh v cc Chun mc trong nc

120

CH DN K THUT

Tt c cng vic phi tun theo cc qui nh yu cu v cc qui tc c

thnh lp da theo cc c quan chc nng nh sau:
M s
Tn tiu chun
QCXDVN : 1997
Quy chun xy dng Vit nam - Tp 2
QCVN12:2014/BX
D
H thng in trong nh v nh cng cng
QCVN 09 : 2013
Quy chun k thut quc gia v cc cng trnh xy

dng s dng nng lng hiu qu
11 TCN1821:2006
TCVN 71141:2008
Quy phm trang b in

Ecgnmi chiu sng ni lm vic Phn 1: Trong nh
TCVN 9207 :2012
t ng dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng

cng Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 9206 :2012
t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng

Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 9385 :2012
Chng st cho cc cng trnh xy dng Tiu chun

thit k thi cng
TCVN 7447
H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh
TCXDVN 333 :
2005
Chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cc cng trnh cng

cng v k thut h tng th Tiu chun thit k.
IEC
U ban k thut in quc t
NFPA
Hip hi chng chy quc gia
Cc bn v, tiu ch k thut, quy nh v tiu chun ch l cc yu cu ti

thiu. Khi c s khc bit gia cc yu cu, yu cu no nghim ngt hn s
c p dng.
1.2.3
iu kin kh hu
Nh thu phi bo m rng ton b cc vt t v thit b l ph hp cho
vic s dng v vn hnh lin tc trong iu kin kh hu ca cng trnh.
Tt c vt t v thit b phi c hon ton nhit i ha v thch hp
s dng trong iu kin vn hnh v kh hu ia phng. Tt c thit b/h
thng phi hot ng bnh thng vi nhit bn ngoi ti thiu ln ti
40oC v m tng i ln ti 100%.
1.2.4
Thit b v vt t
Cung cp sn phm v vt t mi, sch s, khng c khim khuyt, khng b
tn hi v r st.
121

CH DN K THUT

Cc sn phm v vt t khng c cha aming, PCB hoc bt k cht no

khc m c quan chc nng cho l c tnh cht nguy him.
Thay th cc vt t c cht lng khng t yu cu ra ng thi di di
phn lp t khng ng theo ch th ca Gim c d n.
Cung cp cc bng tn/d liu trn cc b phn thit b trn ghi tn ca
nh sn xut, m-en, s s-ri, d liu v cng sut v cc c tnh k thut
in gn vo mt v tr d thy.
Cng tc lp t vt t v thit b phi do nhng ngi c trnh chuyn
mn m nhn.
Duy tr tnh ng b ca nh sn xut i vi cc thit b s dng cho cng
ng dng v kch c.
Bi trn y cho thit b nu cn thit.
Theo ng hng dn ca nh sn xut trong cng tc lp t, kt ni v
iu chnh thit b. Cung cp mt bn sao cc hng dn ti v tr thit b
trong qu trnh lp t.
Cng sut, chng loi thit b, v.v c lit k hoc nu r i vi cc iu
kin vn hnh cng trng. Cc thit b nhy cm vi kh hu phi c
gim ti theo phng php gim ti xc nh trong h s trnh.
Thit b tiu th in nng phi p ng cc quy nh v in trong nc
1.3
THIT B LP T TI CC V TR NGOI TRI

i vi cc thit b v h thng k thut c lp t ti cc v tr ngoi tri
hoc phi ra thi tit bn ngoi, Nh thu cn bo m rng s thit b v
cc h thng k thut ny c bo v thch ng bng cc lp v bc hoc
sn ph chu c kh hu. Tt c cc m-t, u ni v cc b phn in c
lin quan phi thuc lai chu c ma nng v thch hp cho vic lp t
ngoi tri, IP 55 hoc ln hn. Cn cung ng cc v bc chu c kh hu i
vi cc b phn chuyn ng ca thit b v cc ph tng lin quan bn
ngoi lp v bc chu c ma nng
Ton b cc thit b bn ngoi k c cc tm pa-n trn mi, v.v u phi
c tnh cht c bit chu c mi trng n mn.
Yu cu chu c thi tit bn ngoi cng c p dng cho cc h thng k
thut lp t gn cc l h v mi ht bn ngoi.
1.4
BNG T TI CC V TR L RA BN NGOI
i vi cc bng iu khin c in bn ngoi phng my v ti cc v tr l
ra ngoi tri chng hn nh bi u xe, khu k thut, khu cng cng, v.v
cn phi c ca trc kha c vi khung knh nhn ra ngoi.
1.5
VIC LA CHN THIT B

Cng sut ca tt c my mc thit b th hin trong Hp ng l cng sut
ti thiu. Nh thu cn lu n cng sut thit b xut nhm p ng
yu cu hot ng trong Hp ng v cc yu cu lp t trong thc t.
Cc kch c vt l ca tt c my mc thit b phi ph hp vi khng gian d
tr, c lu n cc yu cu v li tip cn v khng gian duy tu bo
dng.
122

CH DN K THUT

Bt c xut no khc vi Tiu ch k thut v cc Bn v u phi c s

chp thun ca Ch u t. Sau khi c chp thun, bt c bin php cng
ngh v cng tc lp t cn thit no pht sinh do vic thay i ny cng
u thuc trch nhim ca Nh thu.
Cc thit b xut phi c trnh ln c Ch u t ph duyt trc
khi t hng. Ton b cc thng tin cn thit do Ch u t yu cu nhm
xem xt xut cn c Nh thu trnh.
1.6
S IU PHI CNG VIC

Cc h s hp ng th hin phm vi cng vic, vt t v cht lng nhng
khng th hin cc hng dn chi tit v cng tc lp t.
Cn phi hp cng vic vi cc ni kinh doanh v cung ng thit b lin quan,
bng vn bn, bt c thng tin no cn thit nhm cho php sn phm ca
h c lp t t yu cu, vi t tr ngi v chm tr nht.
Cc bn v th hin s sp t tng qut cc thit b v ph tng. Khi thi
cng lp t thc t cn theo tht st cc bn v. Cung cp cc ng khuu,
ph kin ni v ph tng cn thit d khng thy th hin trn cc bn v.
Kim tra khu vc thi cng v xem xt cc bn v ca cc hng mc khc
nhm xc nh cc iu kin c th nh hng n cng vic, ng thi tin
hnh cc cng vic v cung ng cc ph tng c th cn thit nhm khc
phc cc iu kin .
V tr ca ch gn n, cm, cng tc, bng in v cc thit b khc th
hin trn cc bn v l tng i chnh xc. Cn cn thn khi tham kho v tr
gn n, cm, cng tc, bng in, v.v xut v tr chnh xc trnh
Ban qun l d n, Ch u t chp thun trc khi tin hnh cng tc lp
t.
Cc bn v thit k ch th hin hng tng qut ca cc h thng k thut
v v tr tng i ca thit b, u ra, bng iu khin, v.v... Bt c thay i
quan trng no v v tr ca thit b, u ra, bng iu khin, v.v cn thit
nhm p ng cc iu kin hin trng cn c thng bo cho Ban qun
l d n xem xt trc khi thc hin s thay i .
Cn kim tra cn thn cc yu cu v khng gian so vi cc b phn khc
nhm bo m c th lp t thit b vo ng v tr v khng gian quy nh.
nhng v tr m vic lp t phi kt ni vi cng trnh khc, Nh thu cn
phi hp vi cc n v nh thu khc nhm bo m c y cc thng tin
cn thit tin hnh lp t v kt ni thit b mt cch ph hp. Cn xc
nh cc hng mc (ballast gn xa, hp ko, v.v) cn c li tip cn Nh
thu phn trn nh bit c v tr lp ca thm v cc bng iu khin.
Cn hi gia cc nh thu trong qu trnh lp t, nu c th, cc b iu
khin m-t v thit b phn phi c cng mt ngun sn xut.
Cung ng v b tr cc ng mng sng chuyn cc ng ng ng qua
phn xy gch ca cu trc, cc tng v sn b tng v cc v tr cn thit
bo v thch ng tng ng ng ng i qua cc b mt cng trnh.
123

CH DN K THUT

Cung cp cht trm chng chy chung quanh tt c cc hp ni, dy dn,

thanh ci, mng sng, v.v.. i qua cc ngn chng chy c nu trong Bn
v kin trc.
Cung cp cc gi , mc treo cn thit cho cc thit b mt cc thch hp
sao cho khng vt qu ti trng cho php ca kt cu
nhng v tr m cng trnh c phc tp, cn chun b cc bn v chi tit
b sung nhm phi hp tt vi cng vic ca cc nh thu khc. Chi tit v
cng vic cn c th hin r trn bn v v khu vc p dng. trnh cc
bn v ny cho Ban qun l d n c xem xt. Vo thi im hon
thnh cn bao gm mt b cc bn v ny vo tng b bn v hon cng.
Trc khi khi cng, cn kho st cc cng trnh ln cn m cng vic lp t
c th lm nh hng, ng thi bo co v cc tnh trng cn tr vic thc
hin cng vic. Cn hiu r cc iu kin thc t/tnh trng hin hu thc
hin vic kt ni hoc cn phi thay i.
Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v bt c chnh sa no cn thit do vic lp
t khng tng thch vi cc phn vic khc.
Cc tm nhn ca mch in di hnh thc cc con s c s dng ch
ra s hiu ca mch trn cc bng iu khin. Cn th hin cc s hiu ca
mch in trn cc bn v hon cng v trn cc tm ba hng dn gn trn
bng in. nhng v tr khng ch ra mch in, cn cung cp mch in
theo yu cu theo ti ch ra trn bn v v/hoc c quy nh.
Cc bn v ni chung khng th hin s lng dy dn in i vi dy mch
nhnh ca cc b n v cc u ra hoc mch in thc t. Cn cung cp
c dy chnh xc v khi lng theo yu cu v mch in c th hin
v/hoc s ca mch in th hin, mc ch iu khin, s ng dy
tham kho, st in p quy nh hoc gii hn khong cch ti a. St p
ti a cho php l 5% i vi cc ng truyn v nhnh.
Phi hp vi cng ty cung ng dch v cng cng a phng nm c
yu cu ca h i vi vic kt ni vo h thng chung, v vic cung cp
ton b cc dng c o, h thng tip t, vt t, thit b , lao ng, th
nghim v ph tng cn thit.
iu chnh v tr cc dy dn, bng iu khin, thit b, v.v ph hp vi
cng trnh, trnh gy nhiu ln nhau, d d kin hay xy ra. Xc nh
chnh xc hng tuyn v v tr ca tng dy dn trc khi lp t.
Quyn u tin: Cc tuyn dc c quyn u tin hn cc tuyn khng c dc.
V d cc ng ng thot nc thng c u tin. Cc tuyn c cao trnh
c th thay i c quyn u tin hn cc tuyn c cao trnh khng th thay
i.
Cung ng cc ng khuu, ng chuyn tip v chuyn hng dy dn khi cn
thit nhm duy tr khong trng v cao trn cc tuyn dc.
1.7
KIM TRA HIN TRNG

Trc khi u thu, cn tham quan cng trng v lm quen vi cc iu kin
nh hng n cng tc lp t xut v lp d phng trong phn chi ph
lin quan.
124

CH DN K THUT

H s thu khng trnh by c th v tnh cht hoc phm vi ca tng t

ci, cao trnh mc nc, cc cng trnh c, in v kt cu hin hu nm
trn hoc di mt t, hoc cc iu kin/tnh trng ca lp di b mt
khc c th gp phi trong qu trnh thi cng da trn vic kho st hin
trng hoc cc thng tin khc. Vic khng xem xt cc bn v hoc cc
thng tin cung cp s khng lm gim bt trch nhim ca Nh thu trong
vic hon thnh cng trnh t yu cu.
1.8
CAO LP T
Cn xc minh v tr v cao lp t vi T vn qun l d n, Ban qun l
d n trc khi lp t
1.9
NGN CHN NC R R
Nu c th, cn trnh vic lm cc l ch i qua cc mng ngn nc chng
hn nh mi nh, sn phng my, tng tng hm v cc v tr tng t. Nu
vic lp cc l ch cn thit th cn lm trc khi lm cng tc chng
thm ng thi cung ng tt c cc ng mng sng hoc cc pitch-pocket
cn thit. Bo co cho Ban qun l d n v xin vn bn ph duyt trc khi
tin hnh cng tc xuyn qua cc mng chng thm, ngay c khi l ch
c th hin trn cc bn v.
Phc hi tnh chng thm nc ca cc bc tng hoc b mt sau khi c
thng m khng c tnh thm chi ph vo Hp ng.
1.10
GI
Cc khung, gi phi c lm theo thng l cng nghip tt nht. Nh
thu cn cung ng cc khung, gi , mc treo, b phn kt cu ph cng
nh cc phn cng b sung nng cng trnh.
Cung cp cc khung chng, gi ni t phin sn n phin trn cho cc
cng trnh c nu trong bn v cng nh Tiu ch k thut l cn c
nng t cc bc tng, ti cc v tr m tng khng c kh nng chu lc.
C th, cn b tr cc khung, gi ti cc hp in v phng thit b.
Cung cp cc khung, gi cho thit b c lp t ti v tr ch v khng c
gi.
Cc khung, gi phi c lm bng thp gc, hoc cc b phn kt cu
bng thp c bit, c bt bu lng chc chn hoc hn vo nhau v c
ging chng cn thn t mt kt cu chc chn. Cc gi phi c kch
thc bo m chu c cc thit b t ln mt cch lu di.
Cc khung thit b (k c cc u ra, hp kt ni v g lp) khng c
ta ln cc ng dn, dy dn, rnh dn nc hoc cp in.
Thit b khng c t hoc ta ln cc khung, gi t trn cc b phn
trn c treo (gch ngi, lati, thch cao cng nh cc ng xng sng
(spine), ng rnh (runner) v cc v tr tng t trn mt bng ca trn
nh).
Cung cp cc khung, gi c lp cho thit b. Khng c gn chung vo
cc khung gi dnh cho cc ng ng dn, ng ng nc hoc cc
cng trnh khc.
125

CH DN K THUT

Cung cp cc khung gi v mc treo cho thit b sao cho ti trng khng

vt qu ti trng cho php ca kt cu. Thit b v khung, gi khng
c tip xc vi cng trnh no khc.
1.11
VIC GIAO HNG V VN CHUYN

Cung ng vic vn chuyn, cu trc, chng v t cc thit b vo v tr
trong cng trnh ng thi chu trch nhim v vic giao hng v lp t thit
ng thi hn quy nh trong k hoch tin thi cng. Nu nhn c hng
mc thit b no trc thi hn cn thit, Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v
vic lu kho v bo v thch hp cho ti khi cn s dng. Nh thu cn phi
i th cc chi ph cho vic lu tu qu hn hoc lu kho.
Nu thit b khng c giao ti hoc lp t ti cng trnh ng thi hn
ra trong bng tin thi cng, Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v cng tc
tho ra, lp li, gim st ca nh sn xut, chng , chnh sa k hach thi
cng chung, chm tr, cc chi ph ngoi gi, vv m khng c tnh thm
vo chi ph Hp ng.
1.12
TH NGHIM H THNG
Cn theo ng k hoch tin thi cng i vi ngy hon thnh cui cng
v cc cng tc th nghim nghim thu, ng thi hon tt cng vic mt
cch y trc ngy hon thnh Hp ng cho php tin hnh cng tc
th nghim trc khi bn giao v kt thc hp ng. Hon tt cc vic iu
chnh v/hoc thay i m cc th nghim nghim thu cho thy cn thit
phi thc hin vn hnh tt mi thit b trc ngy hon thnh cng trnh.
Xem tng chng ring v phm vi/mc th nghim cn thit.
Cung cp k hoch chi tit v vic hon thnh cng trnh, trong nu r khi
no hon tt tng h thng v khi no thc hin cng tc th nghim hin
trng. trnh k hoch hon thnh trong vng su thng xem xt sau
khi nhn c thng bo khi cng ca Nh qun l xy dng hoc i din
Ch u t. Thng xuyn cp nht bn k hoch ny theo tin thc t
ca cng trnh. Quy trnh th nghim cn c trnh c Nh qun l
xy dng ph duyt 90 ngy trc khi tin hnh th nghim.
p ng ton b cc yu cu c lit k trong cc chng Th Nghim, Vn
Hnh Th Nghim Thu v Chng Nhn ca tng phn ring trong Tiu ch k
thut ny.
1.13
MU M
Cc mu m th hin k thut sn xut, cht lng v tay ngh ca cc b
phn, tnh tng thch ca cc ph tng cn c trnh ph duyt khi
c yu cu ca Nh qun l xy dng.
1.14
BO HNH
Nh thu cn bo hnh cng sut, c tnh tht k hoc ch lm vic ca
cc thit b c lp t khng km hn tnh nng hot ng th hin trn
cc bn v hoc trong Tiu ch k thut khi vn hnh trong cc iu kin
c nu v theo ng cc ch dn ca nh sn xut. Bt c thit b/h thng
no khng p ng yu cu ny s b loi b
126

CH DN K THUT

1.15
BO V VT T, CON NGI V TI SN
Ton b cc hng ha v vt t phi c giao n cng trng trong tnh
trng mi nguyn, c ng gi ng quy cch v bo v khng b tn hi
do qu trnh vn chuyn, thi tit xu hoc cc tnh hung bt li khc, ng
thi c nguyn trong bao b ng gi hoc bao kn cho ti khi c yu
cu s dng.
Bt c hng mc thit b no b h hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn hoc khi
a ti cng trng u khng c chp thun v phi c thay th m
khng c tnh thm chi ph hoc thi gian vo Hp ng.
Trong trng hp thit b v vt t c xut x t quc gia khc v/hoc t ni
c iu kin kh hu thi tit khc bit th thit b v vt t phi c ng
gi tht kn v y .
Nh thu phi chu hon ton trch nhim v cc my mc, thit b v vt t
m h cung cp lin quan n cng vic ca Nh thu, ng thi cn quan
tm c bit n vic bo v tt c cc b phn my mc thit b mt cch
ph hp hoc theo ch th.
Cng tc bo v cn bao gm vt che ph, thng g tha, nh kho hoc cc
phng tin khc nhm bo v my mc, thit b v vt t khng b nh
hng ca thi tit, nc v s r st v nhm trnh bi t, ba d, mnh vn
hoc cc vt l khc chui vo cc b phn ca my mc thit b. Cn lu
c bit n vic ng cht cc l h ca ng ng, ng dn, vv trong thi
gian lu kho hoc trong qu trnh vn chuyn v lp dng/lp t.
Nh thu cn lu trnh gy ra nhng thit hi khng cn thit trong qu
trnh lp t h thng c & in.
Mi bin php phng nga u cn c p dng i vi vn an ton lao
ng cng trng. Nh thu cn phi tun th cc quy nh chung trong
vic qun l nhn s cng trng ng thi phi b tr khng gian lm
vic h s dng.
Cc b n c gng phn x vi cn gi cc ti bo v bng plastic ca nh
sn xut khi lp t. Ch tho ti bo v trc khi bn giao.
1.16
QUN L V BO M CHT LNG (QA/QC)

Trc khi khi cng, Nh thu cn trnh cho Gim c d n c ph
duyt ton b k hoch qun l v bo m cht lng i vi cng tc lp
t, bao gm nhng khng gii hn cc im sau:
K hoch qun l/bo m cht lng ca quy trnh sn xut thit b;
Bin php thi cng cho ton b cc cng tc lp t hin trng;
Phng php bo v vt t/thit b trong qu trnh giao nhn v lu kho bn
trong v bn ngoi cng trung;
K hoch, quy trnh th nghim v vn hnh th, v.v
K hoch v quy trnh cng tc qun l/bo m cht lng ni chung cn
tun th cc hng dn trong ISO 9000.
S dng cng nhn c kh nng v tay ngh cao tin hnh cng vic mt
cch t m, chc chn v kho lo theo ng cc thng l tt nht. Phi c
127

CH DN K THUT

mt qun l nhiu kinh nghim v kh nng lm vic ton thi gian v c

y quyn quyt nh.
Tt c cc thit b, vt t v phng php lp t u phi tun th Tiu ch
k thut chung v cc tiu chun cng nh quy nh hin hnh c ra
trong H s hp ng.
Cn trnh vic s dng cc kim loi khng ng dng v mt in tip xc
vi nhau. Nu iu ny l bt buc th cc b mt tip xc ca hai (2) kim
loi phi c cch ly vi nhau bng mt bin php c chp thun.
Tt cc cc b phn lp t cn phi d dng tip cn bo dng/thay
th.
Ton b cc thit b v dng c o lng cn thit cho cng tc kim tra, th
nghim v vn hnh th cn c Nh thu kim nh v bo dng. Nh
thu cn trnh tt c cc bin bn kim nh cn gi tr ca nh sn xut
v/hoc cc phng th nghim c cng nhn v ca cc c quan c chc
nng th nghim trc s dng cc thit b v dng c o lng .
Gim c d n c quyn kim tra v loi b bt c phn vic no khng t
yu cu. Nh thu phi thay th phn cng trnh m khng c tnh
thm chi ph pht sinh cng nh gy chm tr cho Hp ng.
Vic Gim c d n ph duyt hay chp thun khng lm gim bt ngha v
ca Nh thu theo Hp ng v cht lng vt t v tiu chun tay ngh
trong Cng trnh.
Khng c che y cng trnh nu khng c s ng ca Nh qun l xy
dng. Nh thu cn cung cp/ to iu kin Ban qun l d n kim tra
v o lng bt c phn vic no sp b che y hoc ngoi tm mt. Khi
c yu cu ca Nh qun l xy dng, Nh thu phi l/phi by cng
trnh ra ng thi to iu kin thun li Ban qun l d n kim tra bt
c phn vic no trong qu trnh gia cng hoc lp t/lp dng cng
trng
Khi c yu cu ca Ban qun l d n, Nh thu cn trnh cc bng chng
k c cc vn bn chng nhn cng nh ton b cc bo co th nghim ca
cc n v th nghim c cng nhn/chp thun xc nhn rng thit b
hoc vt t xut ca Nh thu c th nghim v p ng ng tiu
chun ra.
1.17
H S TIN /BN V HON CNG

Trong qu trnh thc hin Hp ng, Nh thu cn lu gi cc bn v cng
nh h s v tin ca tan b cng tc lp t.
Cc bn v hon cng cn c trin khai v thc hin trong qu trnh lp
t, v khi c gim c d n yu cu, nhm chng minh cho cc h s xin
thanh ton theo tin hng thng.
Cn cung cp cc s h thng hon cng c ng khung cn thn v
treo trn tng bn trong phng my.
Vic trnh cc bn v hon cng c ph duyt phi c thc hin nh
sau:
128

CH DN K THUT

- Mt (1) b bng tm plastic trong c cht lng c bit cho ton b cc

bn v;
- Hai (2) bn sao phn mm trn CD ROM di nh dng Auto CAD phin
bn 2004 hoc mi hn;
- Nm (5) b bn in ra ca tt c cc bn v c ng thnh tp
Ngoi s lng nu trn, cn cung cp thm mt b b sung ca cc bn v
hon cng nh quy nh trong Cc iu khon s b ca Hp ng v theo
yu cu hp l ca Nh qun l xy dng
1.18
VIC TRNH CC BN V HON CNG

Cc bn v hon cng cn c cung cp theo yu cu ca Ban qun l d
n
Nh thu cn bo m rng cc h s trnh c thc hin mt cch chnh
xc v ng thi hn ra, ng thi khng c gy chm tr cho vic
kim tra v th nghim ca cc c quan chc nng. Tt c cc bn v hon
cng phi c lp trn c s cc bn v kin trc mi nht.
1.19
CNG TC TH NGHIM V VN HNH TH

Nh thu phi chu trch nhim v vic xin tt c cc loi giy php theo yu
cu ca cc c quan chc nng lin quan trc khi vn hnh bt c thit
b/h thng no.
Ton b cc cng tc th nghim v vn hnh th to iu kin cho vic
vn hnh tt cc cng trnh lp t phi hon thnh t s hi lng ca Ban
qun l d n v theo ng tin thi cng hoc trc khi pht hnh Chng
Ch nghim thu cng trnh, ty theo thi im no sm hn.
Mi s hiu chnh v cn chnh cui cng i vi hot ng ca thit b/h
thng phi c hon tt trc ngy pht hnh Chng ch nghim thu cng
trnh.
Ton b cng tc th nghim v vn hnh th ch c xem nh hon thnh
tt p sau khi h thng lp t vn hnh tt trong phm vi cc gii hn
cng sut ra mt cch lin tc khng xy ra bt c s c no.
Nh thu cn thit lp cc mc ngy thng m cc h thng tin ch thng
xuyn (in nc) phi c sn cho cng tc th nghim v vn hnh th,
ng thi lu iu ny trong k hoch ca mnh, hoc cn phi b tr th
nghim v vn hnh th vi ngun in tm thi da trn k hoch ca
mnh.
Nh thu cn chun b cc h s trnh cho c quan chc nng ng thi
i th cc chi ph cho vic kim tra v cp giy chng nhn theo lut nh.
1.20
CH TIU K THUT THIT B V VT LIU H THNG IN

Cc thit b vt t vt liu a vo to nh s phi p ng tiu ch k thut
sau:
129

CH DN K THUT

1.
2.
3.
Yu cu c tnh k thut Vt t-Thit b in Phn My pht in:

My pht in.
Xut x
EU/G7, Asia
Tiu chun
IEC 60034
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
Hng sn xut (tham kho)
Cummins, FG WILSON, Caterpillar, AKSA,
Mitsubishi, hoc tng ng
Cng sut lm vic nh mc
1250kVA
in p lm vic nh mc
230VAC/400VAC
Nhin liu s dng
Diesel
Tnh trng my
Mi 100%
Km theo ton b ph kin lp
ng b
t
ng c s cp
Xut x
: EU/G7, ASIA
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
Cummins, Perkins, Mitsubishi,...hoc
tng ng
Cng sut lm vic nh mc
: 1250kVA
Cng sut qu ti cho php
:
10%
ngn hn
Nhin liu s dng
: Diesel
Tnh trng my
: Mi 100%
Kiu b tr v s xy lanh
: 4 k-12 xy lanh-kiu V600
Tc nh mc
Sut tiu thu nhin liu 100%
ti
iu tc
rung
Khi ng
My pht 24VDC
Kiu cp kh
Kiu lm mt
Kiu bi trn
u pht in
Xut x
Chng nhn CO, CQ
: 1500 v/pht
:
257L/h ch lin tc
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
in t
H thng gim chn
M t khi ng
24VDC
Tu b tng p, lm mt kh sau tng p
Bng nc, kt hp qut gi u trc
Cng bc
Cng sut lin tc

Cng sut cc i
Tc
in p
S pha-T u dy
: EU/G7, Asia
p ng
Stamford, MEC, Mitsubishi,...hoc tng
ng
: 1250KVA
: 1375kVA
: 1500v/pht
: 230/400V
: 3 pha-4 dy
Tn s
Hiu sut
: 50Hz
: 95%
130

CH DN K THUT

4.
H s cng sut Cos

Cp cch in
iu chnh in p
Kch t
in p dao ng cho php
Tn s dao ng cho php
Bng iu khin v hin th
Chng nhn CO, CQ
V tr lp bng iu khin
H thng t ng kim sot cc
li chnh
Cc tnh nng ca module iu
khin
Tham s o hin th qua mn

hnh
Cnh bo:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0,8
Cp H
T ng iu chnh AVR
T kch t khng chi than
1%
0,25%
p ng
: ng b theo my
: Bng iu khin v h thng gim st
c gn trn khung thn my.
: + B iu khin AMF module
: + B xc acqui tnh t in li.
: + Nt dng khn cp
: + T ng iu khin my pht, khi
ng v tt my
: + Vi x l
: + T ng iu khin b ng ngt v
ngun chnh my pht
: + Gim st ngun in li AC chnh v
tnh trng ng c.
: + n LED hin th bo ng
: + Bng thit lp thi gian v im bo
ng mt trc
: + Nt bm iu khin cc ch :
: Dng/Thit lp li - Bng tay - Kim tra T ng - Tt bo ng - Khi ng
: + in p (L-L / L-N)
: + p sut du ng c (PSI-Bar)
: + Dng in (L1,L2,L3)
: + Nhit ng c (C&F)
: + Tn s (Hz)
: + in th acqui
: + Gi vn hnh ca ng c
: + in p ngun (Ph-Ph/Ph-N)
: + Cng sut kVA, kWh
: + Thit lp t l % kW cng sut my
pht
: + Cos
:
: + Di/vt tn s
: + in p bnh acqui thp/cao.
: + Li khi ng v dng my
: + Li b xc
: + Qu dng
131

CH DN K THUT

Hin th n LED
5.
Tch hp vi h thng BMS

gim st cc thng s trng thi
my
Thit b ng ct u ra
Loi my ct
Xut x
Tiu chun
Tnh trng
Di lm vic
in p hot ng Ue
in p cch in danh nh (Ui)
in p chu xung danh nh
(Uimp)
S cc
Tn s
Kh nng ct ngn mch ti a
(Icu)
Kh nng ct ngn mch phc
v (Ics)
Cc loi bo v
Di chnh nh trip unit
Giao din hin th trip unit

Cnh bo, s c
Kh nng kt ni vi my tnh
: + Di/vt in p
: + p sut du thp
: + Dng khn cp
: + Nhit ng c cao
: + Qu ti
: + Ti khng cn bng
: + Li ni t
: Bn chc nng hin th n LED:
: + Ngun chnh
: + My pht
: + Ngun chnh mang ti
: + My pht mang ti
: + Tch hp mc cao theo chun Bacnet
v a cc tn hiu xut ra cho h BMS
gim st cc trng thi
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
ACB (cn c theo s thit k)

EU/G7
IEC 60947-2
Mi 100%
2000A
690 V
1000 V
: 12 kV
: 3P
: 50Hz
: 85kA
: Ics = 100%Icu
: Qu ti, ngn mch
+ Bo v qu ti (L) c kh nng chnh
nh dng bo v I1 (dao ng trong
khong 0,4 n 1 ln dng nh mc In,
bc chnh nh ln ti 0,001 In) v thi
gian tc ng t1 (t 3144s)
:
+ Bo v ngn mch tc thi (I) c kh
nng chnh nh dng bo v I3 (dao
ng trong khong 1,5 n 15 ln dng
nh mc In, bc chnh nh ln ti 0,1
In)
: Mn hnh cm ng
Tch hp n Led cnh bo dng lm vic
:
sp n ngng ci t bo v
: C kh nng kt ni khng dy vi my
132

CH DN K THUT

tnh thng qua cng Bluetooth ti

xung cc bo co (thng tin my ct,
dng khi xy ra s c, loi s c, cc
thng s ci t), thun tin cho vic
thc hin bo tr, bo dng
6.
H thng ph:
ng x, h thng kh rung
Bn du
H thng cp nhin liu ng b
V chng n t
c qui khi ng
H thng sc c qui ngoi bng
in li nhp khu ng b
hng sn xut.
H thng ph kin i km
B lc kh thi
1.
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
chng rung c ng mm chng rung

B gim thanh
2000 lt
Bm, ng dn, van, cm bin
7m 85dB
C
ng b theo h thng
: ng b
: m bo kh thi thot ra t ng c
khng c mu en, nng cc loi kh
c hi nm trong phm vi cho php.
Yu cu c tnh k thut Vt t-Thit b in Phn h th:

ACB (Air circuit brearker)
Loi my ct
Xut x
Chng nhn CO, CQ
Tiu chun
Tnh trng
Loi my ct
Dng in nh mc
in p hot ng Ue
in p cch in danh nh
(Ui)
(Uimp)
S cc
Tn s
Kh nng ct ngn mch ti a
(Icu)
Kh nng ct ngn mch phc
v (Ics)
B truyn ng
Lin ng ACB
Cc loi bo v
Di chnh nh trip unit
ACB/MCCB (cn c theo s thit k)

EU/G7
p ng
ABB, Schneider, Siemens, hoc tng
ng
IEC 60947-2
Mi 100%
3P, 4P, loi ko ra c hoc c nh
2000A (theo thit k)
690 V
1000 V
12 kV
3P
50Hz
85kA
Ics = 100%Icu
ng c, L xo, Bng tay
C-in
Qu ti, ngn mch
+ Bo v qu ti (L) c kh nng chnh
nh dng bo v I1 (dao ng trong
133

CH DN K THUT

2.
3.
khong 0,4 n 1 ln dng nh mc In,

bc chnh nh ln ti 0,001 In) v thi
gian tc ng t1 (t 3144s)
+ Bo v ngn mch tc thi (I) c kh
nng chnh nh dng bo v I3 (dao
ng trong khong 1,5 n 15 ln dng
nh mc In, bc chnh nh ln ti 0,1
In)
Giao din hin th trip unit
Mn hnh cm ng (touch screen)
Tch hp n Led cnh bo dng lm vic
Cnh bo, s c
sp n ngng ci t bo v
Kt ni, gim st ngoi vi, BMS
ON, OFF, TRIP
C kh nng kt ni khng dy vi my
tnh thng qua cng Bluetooth ti
xung cc bo co (thng tin my ct,
Kh nng kt ni vi my tnh
dng khi xy ra s c, loi s c, cc
thng s ci t), thun tin cho vic
thc hin bo tr, bo dng
Th nghim, kim nh
p ng
MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Brearker)
Xut x
EU/G7
Tiu chun
IEC-947-2
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
ng
Loi
3P, 4P, loi c nh
Dng in nh mc
20AT~ 1000 AT
in p hot ng Ue
690 V
in p cch in danh nh
800 V
(Ui)
8 kV
(Uimp)
Dng ngn mch nh mc
18kA, 25kA, 36kA, 50kA (cn c vo thit
k)
B truyn ng
ng c, L xo, Bng tay
Lin ng
C-in
Kt ni, gim st ngoi vi, BMS
ON, OFF, TRIP
Ph kin ng b
p ng
Th nghim, kim nh
p ng
MCB (Miniature circuit brearker)
Xut x
EU/G7, Asia
Tiu chun
IEC-898
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
in p danh nh
ABB, Schneider, Siemens, hoc

tng ng
400V
134

CH DN K THUT

Tn s
Dng in danh nh
4.
5.
6.
7.
Dng in ct nh mc
S cc
t
Contactor
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
in p nh mc
in p cun dy
S cp tip im ph
S pha
Dng danh nh
R le trung gian
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
in p nh mc
in p cun dy
Dng danh nh (T chnh)
t
Bin dng in
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
in p danh nh
Tn s
Cng sut tiu th
Cp chnh xc
T s bin cho 1 pha
Th nghim, kim nh
Vn mt
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
Cng sut tiu th
Cp chnh xc
Di o in p
50Hz
100A, 80A, 63A, 40A, 32A, 20A, 16A,
10A...
6 kA/s
4P,3P, 2P,1P (theo thit k)
EU/G7, Asia
IEC-60947-4
p ng
ng
690V
220V
1NO+1NC (c th tch hp thm)
3P
Ph thuc cng sut ti (theo thit k)
EU/G7, Asia
IEC-60947-4
p ng
OMRON, IDEC hoc tng ng
550V
220V, 380V
10A
ng b
EU/G7, Asia
IEC-185
p ng
EMIC, ABB, Schneider,... hoc tng
ng
400V
50Hz
2.5~50VA
0.5~1 CL
50~2000 /5A
p ng
EU/G7, Asia
IEC 51-2
p ng
ng
0.5VA
2 ~2.5 CL
0-500V
135

CH DN K THUT

8.
9.
Th nghim, kim nh
Ampe mt
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
Cng sut tiu th
Cp chnh xc
Di o in p
Th nghim, kim nh
ng h o in nng (Cng t)
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
Cng sut tiu th
in p nh mc
Cp chnh xc
Dng in nh mc
10.
S pha
Th nghim, kim nh
Cng tc, cm
Xut x
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
EU/G7, Asia
IEC 51-2
p ng
ng
0.5VA
2 ~2.5 CL
0-3000/5A
p ng
Asia
IEC 60521
p ng
EMIC, hoc tng ng
4VA
230/400VAC
1.0 CL
10(40) ~ 15(60) (loi 1 pha)
5(20) ~ 20(80) (loi 3 pha)
1P-2W, 3P-4W
p ng theo quy nh ca Ngnh in
EU/G7, Asia
IEC669/193, IEC 8375
p ng
Fede, Schneider, Panasonic, AC hoc
cao cp tng ng ty theo khu vc
in p nh mc
230V
Cp bo v
IP33
Dng danh nh (T chnh)
10A (Cng tc thng)
20A (Cng tc bnh nc nng). Theo
thit k
16A (Cho cm)
S cc
1, 2 (cho cng tc)
2P+1E (cho cm)
(Ring cm phi c cc th 3 tip t. cm khu v sinh v ngoi tri l c
v chng nc IP 54. Nhng cm m sn phi c np y bo v)
11. ng lun PVC, mng hp PVC v ph kin:
Xut x
Vit Nam
Tiu chun
BSEN 50086-2-1, BS 6099
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
Sino, Clipsal, AC hoc tng ng
c im
do
D dng un ngui v nh hnh cong
theo mun kt hp vi dng c un
ng.
136

CH DN K THUT

Kh nng chu p lc
Kh nng chu nhit
Ph kin i km
Thng s k thut chnh
Chu p lc cao, khng b nt n hay gy

ng khi s dng, chng m chng n
mn, chu mi thi tit cao.
Chu c lc mi mn ma st trong
thnh ng.
chu nhit cao, c kh nng chng
chy, khng bc chy thnh ngn la khi
t trc tip
Khp ni, hp ni, hp chia, dy mi, l
xo un ngng b
ng D63 dy ng 3.0
ng D=50 dy ng 2.8
ng D=40 dy ng 2.3
ng D=32 dy ng 2.1
ng D=25 dy ng 1.8
ng D=20 dy ng 1.5
12. Dy, cp in
Xut x
Tiu chun i vi cp thng
Tiu chun i vi cp chng
chy
Chng nhn CO, CQ
c im
ng D=16 dy ng 1.4
: Vit Nam
: IEC 502, IEC288
: IEC332, IEC 502, IEC288
: p ng
:
: LS, Trn Ph, TAYA, TAISING, OVI
Cadivi,.hoc tng ng
Dy, cp in l cp rut ng, c nhiu si bn li vi nhau to thnh mt rut
mm c mt dng in qua tit din ti thiu J>4A/mm2.
Dy in dng cho chiu sng, cm, cc ph ti trong cn h l dng dy
n, tit din 1,5mm2, 2,5mm2, 4mm2, 6mm2.(xem thm bn v thit k).
dy in cho cn h c lp cch in PVC, lp ngoi l lp bo v c hc, tc
ng do mi trng gy ra, lp trong l lp cch in.
Hoc cp c lp cch in Cu/XLPE/PVC, lp ngoi (XLPE) tng tnh bo v c
hc v tc ng mi trng gy ra, lp trong l lp cch in, tit din p dng
cho loi cp in ny t 10mm2 tr ln, theo thit k.
Mu c quy nh nh sau: (red), vng(yellow)/ trng(white), xanh (blue)
cho dy pha, en (black) cho dy trung tnh, mu xanh sc vng cho dy ni
t an ton.
13. H thng thang, mng cp
Xut x
Vit Nam
Tiu chun
IEC439-1, IEC61641, IEC 61537
Chng nhn CO, CQ
p ng
Hawee, 3C, Prodetech hoc tng
ng
Vt liu
Tn RAM
Khu
2.5~3m/ on
X l b mt
Sn tnh in/ m nhng nng
137

CH DN K THUT

dy
Kch thc
Mu sn
Kch thc
14. T in h th
Xut x v t
+ T in h th chnh
+ Cc t in cn li
Tiu chun
Chng nhn CO, CQ
Hng sn xut (tham
kho)
+ T in h th chnh
+ Cc t in cn li
Tnh ng b ca h thng
in p cch in
Kh nng chu ng ngn mch
(Icw)
Cp bo v (IP)
Kiu lp t
Form t
Ngn chng tn tht
X l b mt (v+cnh t)
X l b mt (khung+CT khc)
dy (v +cnh t)
H thng thanh ci
(ng hoc nm ngang)
Cc ph kin trn b (thanh ni,
gi , mng nha, bng biu,
s lng dy.)
Kch thc
Chng nhn th nghim mu
ton
phn
TTA
(Type-test
Assemblies) cho t in (theo
IEC60439)
15. H thng chiu sng
Tn 1~2 mm
Xem bn v thit k
Mu kem, xm (theo thit k)
Theo thit k
EU/G7
EU/G7, Asia
IEC60439-1, IEC61641
p ng
: ABB, Schneider, Siemens
` 3C Engineering, Hawee, CET, EDH,
Elecom, hoc tng ng
i vi t in h th chnh, v t
in h th phi c thit k, ch
to v th nghim bi nh sn xut
ca h thng thit b ng ct chnh.
1000V
> 50kA/s (ti a ti 100kA/s)
IP54 (ti cc khu vc m cao)
IP41 (ti cc phu vc khc)
Theo thit k
Form 3b vi t h th chnh
Form 1 vi t h th cn li
Xem bn v thit k, ph hp yu
cu ca in lc
Sn tnh in hoc m km
Sn tnh in hoc m km
Tn 1~2mm (theo thit k)
3P+N+E
ng m bc ti cc im tip xc,
c nh du pha theo mu
Dng nh mc MCCB tng
Dng ngn mch MCCB tng
p ng
Xem bn v thit k
Yu cu cho t in h th chnh
- Tt c cc sn phm chiu sng cung cp cho d n u phi c giy chng

nhn cht lng (CQ), giy chng nhn xut x (CO) ca nh sn xut.
- Cc hng cung cp thit b phi c nh my ti Vit Nam.
- Cng ty cung cp sn phm chiu sng phi c giy y quyn chnh thc ca
138

CH DN K THUT

hng sn xut, trong cam kt vic cung cp, bo hnh theo iu kin tiu
chun ca nh sn xut.
- Sn phm chiu sng trong d n ny nht thit phi m bo s ng b ca
1 nh sn xut: t bng n, cha n v b in v phi t mt trong cc
tiu chun sau: IEC598, CE, BS EN 60598-1, ENCE, KEMA, AS/NZS.
- Cc loi n hunh quang phi dng vi chn lu in t nhm tit kim in
nng, tui th t 25.000 gi tr ln, chu c 60.000 chu k bt tt i vi 1
bng n.
-
Cc loi bng hunh quang T8 cho nh sng 3000/4000/6500K, ng knh

bng n 28mm, hin th mu Ra l 82, tui th t 15.000 gi tr ln.
- Cc loi n hunh quang Compact u phi s dng loi gin tip qua b
in chuyn i, tui th cao, trn 8.000 gi.
- n downlight led m trn, lp bng n Led v b in vi hiu sut pht
quang cao, tit kim in, ui n chng chy, tip xc tt, tai ci l xo tin li
v chc chn, kt cu tho lp n gin.
- Kch thc cc b n, cng sut bng n xem trong bn v thit k.
16. H thng bo v chng st:
Kim thu st:
Mt kim thu st ESE phi c lp t trn nh ta nh. N cn phi cao hn
2m so vi khu vc m n bo v tnh c anten, thp gii nhit, mi nh, h
nc..v..v....
Cc nh sn xut ERICO, Pulsar hoc tng ng c chp nhn.
Cp thot st:
Cp thot st l loi cp ng tun theo cc yu cu v trng lng v thi
cng lp t v h thng chng st v c ni t kim thu st xung h thng
ni t trn 2 tuyn khc nhau. Gc ca bt k cua quo no khng qu 90
v cn gi theo phng ngang hoc hng i xung.
Cung cp s cp thot st theo yu cu phn b ng u bn ngoi tng
ca ta nh. Lp t theo cch i ngm v i bn trong ng lun dy uPVC
kch c nh hin th trong bn v.
Cp thot st phi l cp ng c tit din ti thiu 70 mm2.
Cc ni t:
Cc ni t c lm bng li thp bc ng, ng knh 16mm, chiu di ti
thiu 2,4m, c ng su vo lng t n ht chiu di cc.
CHNG 3 - IN NH
139

CH DN K THUT

1.
CC TIU CHUN P DNG V THAM KHO

B Quy chun k thut quc gia do B Thng tin Truyn thng ban hnh,
Thng t 01/2011/TT-BTTTT ngy 04/01/2011
ISO 11801 Ed.2
Cng ngh thng tin H thng cp chung dnh cho ta nh cao c thng
mi.
TIA/EIA 568B
Tiu chun v Kt ni cp vin thng cho Ta nh thng mi, thng c p
dng ti Chu M & Chu .
TIA/EIA 568-B.1 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun cho h thng cp mng thng tin trong ta nh thng mi.
Tiu chun o, kim tra v cht lng ng truyn cho h thng cp ng
cn bng.
Tiu chun o, kim tra v cht lng ng truyn cho h thng cp quang.
TIA/EIA 568-B.2-1 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun cho cp ng xon i Cat6.
TIA/EIA 569 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun v Khng gian & ng i cp cho Ta nh.
TIA/EIA 526-14A Method B (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun v kim tra thm nh ng cp quang a mt cho h thng cp
ngang tng.
TIA/EIA 526-7 Method A1 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun v kim tra thm nh ng cp quang n mt cho h thng cp
ng trc.
ISO/IEC 14763-2 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun v vic ln k hoch v thi cng h thng cp.
Tiu chun v qun l h thng cp mng.
Tiu chun v o kim h thng cp quang.
ISO/IEC 61935 (Hoc tng ng)
Tiu chun v phng n o kim h thng cp ng.
140

CH DN K THUT

2.
H THNG THNG TIN
2.1
Cc yu cu k thut ca thit b
Cp quang Multimode OM-3 10Gb/s
Cp quang a mt OM-3 phi c thit k v o kim tun theo cc yu cu
hiu nng cho cp quang ca cc tiu chun TIA-568, ISO-11801 v ICEA-640.
Do vy, cp quang OM-3 cn phi t hoc vt xa cc yu cu hiu nng cho
c cc ng dng trong hiu ti ln tng lai nh IEEE 802.3 Ethernet (bao gm
10 Gigabit Ethernet), ATM, Fibre Channel, FDDI v cc ng dng khc.
c tnh k thut:
- Si quang a mt c 2 bc sng cng tc: 850nm v 1300nm.
- Tc truyn dn ti a: 10Gbps.
- Tun th cc tiu chun: TIA/EIA 568-B, Telcordia GR490-CORE,
IEC 793-1/794-1, ICEA 596 v ISO/IEC 11801.
- ng knh li : 50m.
- Cc si cp quang l thy tinh silica c bao bi mt lp acrylate.
- Hp cht lp y l gel hygroscopic.
- Cc ng m l nha do v cc phn trung tm l cht do pha thm thy
tinh (GPR).
- Cc thnh phn gia cng l aramid v/hoc cc si thy tinh.
- Cc vt liu chng thm nc c trn cng vi polyme siu thm.
- Lp gim nhit ca cp l polyethylene mu en.
- H s suy hao (Attennuation coefficient):
+ Ti vng bc sng 850nm : 3.5dB/km
+ Ti vng bc sng 1300nm :
1.5dB/km
- Bng thng (BandWidth) :

1500MHz.km
500MHz.km
- Bng thng lazer bc sng 850nm: 2000MHz.km

- Khong cch truyn:
+ 1000BASE-SX:
2 ~ 900m
+ 1000BASE-LX:
2 ~ 550m
+ 10GBASE-SR:
2 ~ 300m
+ 10GBASE-LX4:
2 ~ 300m
- ng knh ngoi (Norminal O.D.): 6.0 mm.

- Khi lng trung bnh: 32 kg/km.
- Lc cng t l: 1000 N (thi cng), 890 N (hot ng).
- Bn knh un cong ti thiu: 100 mm (thi cng), 60 mm (hot ng).
- Nhit : -40oC ~ 70oC (hot ng), -20oC ~ 60oC (thi cng), -40oC ~ 70oC
(lu kho)
141

CH DN K THUT

- Lp v PE bo v khi nh hng ca tia cc tm.

Gi phn phi quang (ODF)
- Gi cp quang (Optical Distribution Frame) l thit b cung cp kt cui cho
cp quang ng trc.
- Gi u ni cp si quang s dng trong d n phi c thit k thp sn
tnh in, dng khay trt m bo vng chc v linh hot trong thi cng
lp t cng nh qun l, ph hp cho vic kt ni phn phi cp quang cho
nhng ta nh. Cc u cm thch hp vi nhiu kiu u ni khc nhau nh
SC, SC Duplex, FC v
MTRJ, LC. D dng thao tc khi kt ni vi nhng loi
cp mm hay loi cp c
gia c mng. Cc thit b c nh cp s gi cho
cp ng v tr cng nh gii hn bn knh cong ca si cp.
- Khay ni cp quang c thit linh hot, ph hp cho vic qun l v bo v
si quang bn trong. Thun tin cho vic thi cng kt ni bm u connector
cng nh hn quang.
c tnh k thut chung:
- Gi cp quang loi lp ln t rack chun 19, gn sn cc khp ni SC
duplex.
- Thit k sn tnh in, dng khay trt m bo vng chc v linh hot trong
thi cng, qun l.
- Thch hp vi nhiu kiu u cm SC, SC Duplex, FC v MTRJ, LC.
- C ca trc bo v si quang.
- Tu chn kho bo v.
- Tch hp cc vng qun l cp quang theo tiu chun cng ngh hin thi.
- h tr cng ngh qun l thng minh mc vt l, h thng gi u dy
quang cn trang b 02 loi:
+ Gi u dy trung tm phi h tr qun l thng minh bng vic trang
b cc
module quang c tch hp chn th 9.
+ Gi u dy trn cc tng l loi gi u dy thng.
Dy nhy quang
- Si cp nhy quang c s dng trong d n l Cp nhy a mt OM-3, loi
3m, chun SC-SC v SC-LC kp.
c tnh k thut chung:
- S dng loi cp quang a mt LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) hoc nha
PVC.
- Loi u ni: SC-SC, SC-LC.
- S lng si quang: 02
- Chun cp quang a mt
- Insertion Loss (IL): <= 0.25 dB @ 3 Meter
- ng knh cp: 1.6mm
- Mu sc cp: Vng
- V connector bng nha vi vng m bng gm.
142

CH DN K THUT

- ng m lng (0.9mm), Simplex (3mm), Duplex (2x 3mm).

- h tr cng ngh qun l thng minh mc vt l, h thng dy nhy
quang cn trang b 02 loi:
- Dy nhy ti phng k thut tng s c trang b chn tip xc ng h
tr qun l thng minh khi u ni gia cc module quang.
- Dy nhy quang trn cc tng l loi dy nhy thng.
Cp ng xon i Cat5E
Cp hng ngang gm cc cp UTP cu to bi dy ng 24AWG (0.2mm2),
bc cch in 2 lp HDPE. Dy dn cch in c xon i ri bc PVC. Tr
khi c ghi ch khc tt c cc ng cp phi t bng hoc hn cc yu cu
k thut lit k di y:
Yu cu k thut in:
- Cp d liiu EIA/TIA loi CAT-5E
- Tr hon ng truyn: 545ns @ 10 MHz
- Tr hon cnh xung: 45 ns
Attenuation (dB/1,000ft
[305m])
suy hao
(dB/1000ft[305m])
Worst Pair to Pair NEXT

(dB)
Nhiu NEXT ti a gia
cc cp
@ 1.0 MHz:
2.0
65.3
@ 4.0 MHz:
4.1
56.3
@ 8.0 MHz:
5.8
51.8
@ 10.0 MHz:
6.5
50.3
@ 16.0 MHz:
8.2
47.3
@ 20.0 MHz:
9.3
45.8
@ 25.0 MHz:
10.4
44.3
@ 31.25 MHz:
11.7
42.9
@ 62.5 MHz:
17.0
38.4
@ 100 MHz:
22.0
35.3
Frequency
Tn s
- Tt c cc cp c kt ni theo mang hnh sao t thanh d liu ca tng

n cc cm ngi dng. S u ni phi c tha thun trc khi thi
cng.
- Chiu di ti a cp chy t thanh d liu n ngi dng l 90m.
- Nh thu phi theo di cc yu cu v bn knh cong v lc ko cp trong
thi gian bo qun v lp t.
- Cp khng c ni gia on t u ra d liu cho n cm d liu.
- Cng tc lp t phi ph hp vi hng dn ca nh cung cp v tiu
chun EIA/TIA 569.
- Bn trn trn v cc khong xuyn tng cp phi i trong ng, mng.
143

CH DN K THUT

- Cp UTP 4 i phi l loi t cht lng UL (loi CM, CM).

- Nh thu khng c lp t ng i dy vt qu 100 feet (33m) hoc c
trn 2 on ng un cong 90o m khng dng hp ko dy kch thc ph
hp.
Nhn chun u ni Cat5E
- Nhn chun Cat6 tha mn hoc vt qu cc yu cu m cc chun
TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 v IEC 60603-7-4 i vi hiu nng truyn dn. Nhn
chun Cat6 tng thch vi tt c cc yu cu v dng in cng nh cc
ng dng truyn dn tc Gigabit, 100BASE-TX, Token Ring, 155 Mbps
ATM, 100 Mbps TP-PMD, ISDN, tn hiu tng t, s, hnh nh. c thit k
theo chun SL, m bo c tnh truyn n ti u.
- Nhn chun tha mn UL v a dng v mu sc gip phn bit cc ng
dng d dng.
Vt liu:
- V ngoi m un gic: Polyphenylene Oxide, loi 94V-0.
- Phn u ni: Polycarbonate, loi 94V-0.
- Phn tip xc gic cm: Ch to t ng bery, m vng 1.27um trn lp m
niken 3.81um.
- Tip xc cch ly: ng pht pho m thic 3.81um trn lp m 1.27 um.
- Mt chn bi: Polycarbonate.
- B bo v bn knh cong: Polycarbonate.
c tnh in
- Kh nng ti cm/rt: 750 ln, in p ti a 150 VAC.
- Kh nng ti u ni: 200 ln.
- Nhit hot ng: -400 n 700C.
- Lc ko ti a: 89N.
Tha m tham s truyn dn ti 250Mhz
- Suy hao ti a: 0.1 dB
- Suy hao phn x ti thiu: 17.4 dB.
- NEXT ti thiu: 47.9 dB.
- FEXT ti thiu: 40.1 dB.
Mt cm
- Mt cm phi lp t c c 2 loi nhn chun chng nhiu v khng
chng nhiu, nhn MT-RJ ch lm vic. C cc loi mt 1,2,3 v 4 cng v c
cc mu
khc nhau. Cc cm ti ni lm vic c lp t c th s dng
cc mt vi cc m mu khc nhau.
T thit b
- Chc nng ca cc t thit b l dng lp t tt c cc thit b ca ton b
h thng, bao gm thit b u ni (Passive) v thit b hot ng (Active).
c tnh k thut:
- Thit k module gip vic tho ri tng b phn thun tin trong vic lp
t, vn chuyn v di di.
- H tr cc kch thc chiu cao 6U, 10U, 12U, 27U, 42U.
- Chiu rng tng th 600mm.
- Ti trng ti a 500kg.
- V sn tnh in.
144

CH DN K THUT

- C phn khng gian trng qun l cp phn hng t v mt trc ca

t.
- C khe trng i cp vo nc v y t.
- C th tip cn cc thit b trong t t mi pha.
- Qut thng kh nc t.
3.
H THNG CAMERA GIM ST

STT
M t
Thng s k thut
Camera bn cu mu c
chup gn trn trn gi
Camera bn cu trong nh h tr iu chnh

ng kinh,
Gc quan st ngang 36o - 117o, Dc 20o
61o.
in p vo 12VDC.
Cng sut tiu th 4.5W.
CCD 1/ 2.7 Cmos.
Kiu ng knh iu chnh 3-10mm, t ng
iu chnh khu F1.3 360.
phn gii 720p 24
Camera thn di c nh trong nh h tr
iu chnh ng kinh,
Gc quan st gn 110o - 58o, xa 34o 18o.
in p vo 12VDC.
Cng sut tiu th 3.2W.
CCD 1/ 2.7 Cmos.
Kiu ng knh iu chnh 3.3-12mm, t ng
iu chnh khu F1.4 360.
phn gii 7
Cm bin hnh nh ti thiu :1/ 2.8, 1/3,
1 / 4
Tiu c ng knh Lens ti thiu : 3 ~ 6 mm
Megapixel.
nhy sng Minimum illumination: Color:
0.1 lux, 0 lux (IR on)
n hng ngoi IR ti thiu 20m.
Tc ghi hnh 30fps.
Chun nn hnh: H.264, MPEG,
RAID-5/6 bo v, tt c-trong-mt gii php
ghi hnh ti 64 knh
B lu tr 1TB.
Dedicated storage operating system
deliversrobust , secure operation
Gim st t xa thng qua ng dng my
tnh bn.
Mn hnh LCD 42
Camera ch nht mu
kiu c nh dng thn
gn tng cho khu vc
gi xe
Camera ch nht dng

thn, lp trn ct, lp
ngoi nh
u ghi k thut s 16
knh dung lng 1T
Mn hnh mu 42"
145

CH DN K THUT

My tnh + mn hnh
LCD 19"
Hp ni trung gian ti
cc tng
B i ngun 30A cho h
thng camera
Cp ng trc RG6U
Cu/PVC/PVC 2x2.5mm2
Intel Core i3-560 Processor (4M Cache,

3.33 GHz) / Intel H57 Express / 2 GB DDR3 /
500 GB SATA 3G (3.0 Gb/sec) / DVD-RW DL /
10/100 Base-T networking / Wireless LAN
802.11 b/g/n / ATI Radeon HD 4550 512MB /
Card Reader / FreeDOS / PW 250W / Keymouse US
Hp PVC 110x110x50mm
B i ngun 12V/30A
Dy c lm bng thp m ng 18 AWG,
ng knh 1.02 mm.
C nhiu lp bc nhm chng nhiu
V bc lm bng nha PVC
in tr: 75 +/- 3 Ohm
in dung: 54 +/- 3 pF/m
S suy hao: 20dB min (5-2300 MHz)
Cp ng, cc in v v bc PVC
ng PVC D20
Nha PVC
UPS 3kVA cho h thng

Camera
T Rack 42U, 19" bao
gm qut thng gi &
ph kin
Cng sut 3kVA, 1 pha, tn s 50Hz

H2100 x W600 x D600
Ngun in : AC (190-240V, 50-60Hz 5%)
H thng ca u c kho an ton, d dng
tho lp
Ca trc m bo tnh thm m v to
thng thong cho cc thit b trong t
H thng bnh xe v chn tng gip d di
chuyn cng nh c nh t.
146

CH DN K THUT

4.
H THNG M THANH CNG CNG
147

CH DN K THUT

ST
T
1
M t
T Rack 27U, 19" bao
gm qut thng gi &
ph kin
B pht nhc nn
BMG, u DVD
B iu hnh qun l
Zone
Thng s k thut
H1370 x W600 x D600
Ngun in : AC (190-240V, 50-60Hz 5%)
H thng ca u c kho an ton, d dng
tho lp
Ca trc m bo tnh thm m v to
thng thong cho cc thit b trong t
H thng bnh xe v chn tng gip d di
chuyn cng nh c nh t.
Pht nhc file MP3 t th SD v USB
Bt sng FM vi chc nng RDS (Radio
Data System), iu khin s vi cc ch
chn sn;
Cng mt thi im c th ng thi pht
nhc t th SD/ USB v bt sng FM
Cc u ra ring bit cho m thanh ra t
th SD/ USB v b bt sng FM
Dung lng b nh ti a : 32GB
S lng track ln nht : 2000
p tuyn tn s : 50Hz 20 kHz
T s S/N : 70dB
Mo hi tng (1kHz) : <0,1%
cch ly stereo : 60dB
Mc tn hiu m tn u ra : -10dBV
B iu khin trung tm cung cp ngun
cho h thng, pht hin li v iu khin
h thng. Cc ngun nhc vo, nhc nn
c chn t bn gi. C th lm vic ch
kt ni vi PC hoc lm vic c lp.
C 2 u vo audio dng analog, 1 u
vo cho php chn la gia micro v line.
C 12 u vo iu khin, c th ci t
mm do. C th lp trnh cho bt k s
kin no trong h thng v cc mc u tin
khc nhau
C 2 u ra audio line dng analog
Cc u ra iu khin c th c lp
trnh cho bt k trng thi thay i no ca
h thng
Tch hp mply cng sut 240W
H thng cho php ti a 16 mc u tin
v cu hnh iu khin ti 120 zone m
thanh.
C kh nng lu tr 255 tin nhn thng
148
bo vi dung lng b nh 16Mb ROM

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 4 - CP THOT NC
1. CNG TC CP NC
A. TIU CHUN P DNG
V tng quan, cc tiu chun s tun th Tiu chun Vit Nam phin bn
mi nht. Trong trng hp khng c cc tiu chun Vit nam thch ng. C
th s dng cc tiu chun Quc t tng ng nhng phi c Ch u t
ng bng vn bn.
1.
Tiu chun p dng:
Tr trng hp quy nh c th khc, cc n bn lu hnh ca nhng tiu

chun sau s c p dng cho ni dung mc ny ca iu kin K
149

CH DN K THUT

thut:
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam, 1996
Quy chun H thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh, ban hnh

theo quyt nh s 47/1999/Q-BXD, ngy 21 thng 12 nm 1999 ca B
xy dng
Tuyn tp Tiu chun xy dng vit Nam tp VI
TCVN 4513: 1988
Cp nc bn trong. Tiu chun thit k
TCXDVN 33-2006 Cp nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu

chun thit k
TCVN 7305:2008
H thng ng nha. ng nha polyetylen (PE) v ph
tng dng cp nc.

2.
Cc yu cu i vi Nh thu thi cng:
a. Cung cp v lp t tt c cc h thng, thit b, b phn, ph tng v

cc ph kin cn thit cho vic a cng trnh vo vn hnh c ch nh v
th hin chi tit trong Bn v thit k.
b. Cung cp v lp t cc chi tit, cc ng ch k thut trong qu trnh thi
cng ca nh thu Xy dng c lin quan
c. Thc hin bt c cng vic no m bo an ton, tho mn cc vn
hnh ca tng h thng, d tng cng vic ny c c ch dn hay trnh
by hay khng ti cc bn v.
d. Nh thu phi ly tt c cc thng tin in cn thit ca tt c cc nh
thu h thng khc, nh hnh h thng ca mnh.
e. i ng thi cng, lp t in phi c kinh nghim xy dng cng trnh.
f. Cng tc chy th v th p lc v bo dng chuyn mn phi do i
din nh sn xut v Ban K s gim st.
g. Cc bn v ch th hin mt cch tng quan cch b tr thit b v v tr
tng i ca chng, nh thu phi tham kho tt c cc bn v khc
xem xt ton b khng gian v iu kin nh hng n cc phn vic trong
mc ny.
h. Nh thu phi thng bo vi ban k thut v cc vn mu thun nhau
v cc trng hp nht thit phi iu chnh so vi bn v (nu c).
B. CNG TC TRNH DUYT
1. Bn v thi cng, ti liu k thut.
Thut ng Bn v thi cng bao hm ngha bn v ch to, lp t, b
tr v trin khai; cc lit k v bn v qui chun ca nh sn xut; ti liu k
thut, minh ha, ca ta l v tp qung co; ti liu kim tra v kh nng vn
hnh; s h thng cp nc v cc ti liu lin quan khc i km vt t,
150

CH DN K THUT

thit b, h thng ng, thit b v h thng tun theo ng h s thu. Thut

ng c sn xut c hiu l cc thit b tiu chun c sn xut vi
khi lng ln. Thut ng c ch to (gia cng) c hiu l thit b
c lp ring hoc lm ring p ng cc yu cu thit k c bit. Bn
v thi cng phi a ra c cc chi tit thc t ca tt c cc thit b c
sn xut cng nh c ch to (gia cng). Nh thu phi a ra ton b
bn v thi cng v lp t da trn b bn v thit k v phi c c s
ph duyt ca bn thit k trc khi thc hin.
2. Nh thu phi a ra cc bn v thi cng, vt t, thit b v mu sn
phm ngay sau khi k hp ng; cng nh khng c lm chm tin cng
vic ca mnh v tin ca cc hng mc khc.
a.
Tuyn v kch thc chnh xc ca ng nc.
b. Bn v mt bng ca tng h thng ng ng th hin cc v tr thc

t (c nh v), v tr ca ng ng, v tr h van h ng h., chi tit
cu to cc thit b v ph kin.
c. S nguyn l cp nc ca h thng,th hin cc im u ni ng
knh ng, cao ng
d. V cc ti liu cn thit cho vic bo tr cc h thng
3. Thut ng sn phm mu bao hm cc vt liu t nhin, cc chi tit
gia cng, thit b, linh kin, ph tng c ch nh v c th c yu cu
xc nh chnh xc kiu dng, cht lng, cu to, tay ngh, mu sc v
cc c tnh ca vt liu theo yu cu ca h s thu. Sn phm mu phi
a ra c kiu dng, cht lng v cc c tnh yu cu v trng lng v
c tnh lm vic ca thit b v vt t.
Sn phm mu v bng mu nn c nh thu chun b v nh nhn. Dn
tem/lm du r kch thc, kiu ca sn phm mu. Du phi r rng v
kh ty xa.
4. Bn v hon cng
Sau khi hon thin cng vic, nh thu phi chun b v cung cp bn v
hon cng gm CD v bn in
5. Ti liu vn hnh v bo tr
Nh thu phi cung cp cc thng s vn hnh v bo tr km sch hng
dn bo tr. Bao gm cc ti liu sau y:
a. Chi tit thit k cc b phn, c tnh ca cu to, chc nng ca cc b
phn v yu cu bo tr, khi ng, vn hnh, bo tr, sa cha, hiu
chnh, ko di v m rng mt cch hiu qu bt k phn no hoc tnh nng
ca h thng.
151

CH DN K THUT

b. Thng s k thut, thng s sn phm, bo co b sung, hnh nh minh

ha v m hnh cu trc bn trong, cc m t k thut ca linh kin v cc
b phn lit k
c. S nguyn l, thng s vn hnh.
d. Tn v a ch ca nh cung cp thit b ti a phng bao gm c hng
dn bo tr.
e. Hng dn vn hnh phi y v chi tit v ch lm vic bnh
thng v ch chuyn sang bo tr.
6. Bo hnh
a. Cc nh sn xut s phi cung cp ch bo hnh chun cho cc sn
phm giao trong hp ng.
b. Nh thu phi c trch nhim m bo ton b cc b phn cc h thng
phi iu kin p ng c cc yu cu vn hnh cn thit hoc cc yu
cu c ch ra.
c. Khi nhn c cc bo co ca bn k thut v cc s c, hng hc ca
bt k phn no ca h thng hay thit b trong thi hn bo tr, cc phn h
hng s c thay th.
7. Sn phm
a.ng ng: Tt c ng cp nc (ng nng v ng cp lnh) trong nh v
cc ph kin phi l loi PPR- PN16 i vi ng nc lnh v PPR-PN20 i
vi ng cp nc nng theo tiu chun DIN 8078:2008-09 cc ng PPR.
b.Van:
Cc van ca phi l loi van loi a vn v thn tay quay l loi tinh tin ln
xung hoc loi khng tnh tin ln xung.
c.Bm:
m bo c tnh khng qu ti khng vt qu cng sut danh nh ca
m t ti bt
k im no trn
ng cong. Bm c thit k vi p sut nc lm

vic nhit 66 C.
Bm phi l loi t ng, hai chiu, ly tm vi v bng st c gip mi the
o chiu dc, qut ht n bng
ng thic, cc vng b mn cho v bng ng thau. c c khe h theo
chiu dc,
Cc m t mt pha phi l loi t hoc cm ng lc y vi b phn bo v q
u ti. Cc m t ba pha s l
loi cm ng lng tr. Cung cp cc bi cu dng m bi trn, c g theo
chiu ngang v khng c lch.
152

CH DN K THUT

Cc b iu khin mt pha bao gm cc chuyn mch ngt o trng thi 2 c

c, cng sut ln, cc chuyn
mch la chn HOA cng sut ln, c u dy nm trong NEM-I.
C. CNG TC THI CNG
1.Cng tc chun b
Trc khi tin hnh cng vic lp t ng v ph kin phi c n v gim
st duyt cc hng mc ng, ph kin, vt t gi , thit b c xem l
ph hp mi c thi cng. Bt k mt hng mc lp t no khng c
gim st ph duyt s c loi b khi cng trng.
2.Chun b cc vt t thit b s dng.
Cc hp dng c dng tin hnh cng vic lp t.
Cc thit b o dng cn chnh v kim tra trong qu trnh lp t v chy
th nh, thc kp,
Dn gio v thang nhm dng thi cng cc v tr cao.
3.u ni
Kim tra vt t (mi n v gim st nghim thu).
Vn chuyn ng n v tr cn lp t.
Kim tra v tr lp t (theo bn v thi cng)
Lm sch ng v ph kin cn u ni.
u ni gia ng vi ng v gia ng vi ph kin yu cu c thit b ni
chuyn dng (My hn nhit) ngun in cung cp 220V hn nhit
2600. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Kim tra v tr (Xem bn v thi cng).
Kim tra cc dng c thi cng v t ng khu bng phng
nh du phn ng s lin kt vi ph kin
Gia nhit ng v ph kin
Sau khi gia nhit, rt ng v ph kin ra khi my gia nhit v ghp vi nhau,
gi trong mt khong thi gian .
4.Lp t
V tr thi cng c nh du v kim tra bi gim st.
V tr thi cng c chng dy xung quanh m bo an ton.
To lp ph ti thiu 0,05m cho cc ng ng ngm
Kt ni vi cc ng dn nc chnh c bng cc mng sng c phn nhnh
v
cc van phn nhnh.
Cc van kha mi s l loi van kiu chn. Do gim thiu vic phi kha c
c
153

CH DN K THUT

ng dn nc chnh.
C th phi cung cp thm cc van kha nu cn thit. Cc ng dn
nc
chnh
cng
ch b
kha
khi
vic thc s khng th thc hin di p lc ca nc.

Kt ni gia cc thit b s c thc hin bng cc mt bch, hoc mng sn
g v
b tip ni c ren c s dng cho cc kt ni kiu xoay.
Cung cp cc kt ni kiu xoay ba khuu cho tt c cc ng ng nc kt
ni ti ng ng chnh, ng ng th chnh hoc ung ng chnh phn
nhnh.
Cc kt ni phi
nt
hoc cht li s c kt ni bng cc nt c ren hoc khp ren v np theo

yu cu tr khi c cc lu khc.
5.Kim tra
Nh thu phi kim tra tt cc ng ng di s c mt trc tip ca K s.
Nu ng b li trong qu trnh kim tra nh thu phi sa li,
thay th v th li cho ti khi nhn uc s chp thun
ca K s. Tt c h thng ng ng phi uc lm sch trc khi th
nghim.
Nh thu phi cung cp tt c cc nhn s, nc v trang thit b cho qu tr
nh th. Chi ph cho vic th nghim phi c bao gm trong Gi hp ng.
Cc ng ng ca mi phn phi c th nghim bng p sut nc nh l
mt khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
Nu kim tra vic lp t cc on ng ng, th mt u bt tm thi c th
c l
Mi on s c
bm chm khng kh v khng kh bn trong ng phi khng lt ra ngoi.
nghim thu, p sut th nghim phi c duy tr khng i trong mt ti
ng ng h m khng cn phi b sung thm nc.
p sut trong th nghim s bng 1 +1/2 ln ca p sut lm vic bnh thn
g ca h thng.
6.Lm sch v hiu chnh
Thit b, cc ng ng, cc van, cc ph tng v thit b lp t c nh phi
c lm sch
du m,
mnh ct kim la v rc ng c th c tch t trong qu trnh th nghim.
Bt k s ngng hot ng, lm i mu hoc cc h hi
154

CH DN K THUT

ti cc cng trnh hon thin, trang thit b hoc cc phn

khc ca ta nh do li ca Nh thu, th Nh thu phi sa cha v Ch
u t khng phi chu
chi ph no.Hot ng ca cc van phun v cc thit b iu khin t ng
phi uc hiu chnh thch hp.
2. CNG TC THOT NC
A. TIU CHUN P DNG
V tng quan, cc tiu chun s tun th Tiu chun Vit Nam phin bn
mi nht. Trong trng hp khng c cc tiu chun Vit nam thch ng. C
th s dng cc tiu chun Quc t tng ng nhng phi c Ch u t
ng bng vn bn.
1.Tiu chun p dng:
n bn hin hnh ca cc tiu chun sau y s c p dng cho Phn 02
ca iu kin K thut ny tr cc trng hp c a ra c th:
Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam, 1996
Quy chun H thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh, ban hnh
theo quyt nh s 47/1999/Q-BXD, ngy 21 thng 12 nm 1999 ca B xy
dng
Tuyn tp Tiu chun xy dng vit Nam tp VI
TCVN 4474: 1987
Thot nc bn trong. Tiu chun thit k.
TCXD 7957 2008
Thot nc. Mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh. Tiu
chun thit k.
TCVN 6151:2002 ng v ph tng ni bng Polyvinyl clorua khng ho do
(PVC-U) dng cp nc. Yu cu k thut.
TCVN 2981-79
ng v ph tng bng thp. ng thp hn. Kch thc c
bn
2. Cc yu cu i vi Nh thu thi cng:
Nh thu chu trch nhim v cht lng ca tt c cng tc gim st v th
nghim quy nh trong iu kin K thut Tiu chun ny. Tuy nhin, Ch u
t c quyn tin hnh bt k hoc tt c cng tc gim st v th nghim
quy nh nu xc nh cn thit m bo cht lng sn phm tun th
theo cc tiu chun k thut. Nh thu phi trnh np Ch u t cc bn sao
h s xc thc chng t tt c vt liu c th nghim trc v tun
th tt c nhng tiu chun lin quan ca bn iu kin K thut ny.
B.CNG TC TRNH DUYT
1. Bn v thi cng, ti liu k thut.
155

CH DN K THUT

Nh thu phi a ra cc bn v thi cng, vt t, thit b v mu sn phm

ngay sau khi k hp ng; cng nh khng c lm chm tin cng vic
ca mnh v tin ca cc hng mc khc.
a.
Tuyn v kch thc chnh xc ca ng thot nc.
b. Bn v mt bng ca tng h thng ng ng th hin cc v tr thc

t (c nh v), v tr ca ng ng, v tr h ga, h bm nc, rnh thu
nc., chi tit cu to cc thit b v ph kin.
c. S nguyn l thot nc ca h thng,th hin cc im u ni ng
knh ng, cao ng
d. V cc ti liu cn thit cho vic bo tr cc h thng
2. Bn v hon cng
Sau khi hon thin cng vic, nh thu phi chun b v cung cp bn v
hon cng gm CD v bn in
3. Ti liu vn hnh v bo tr
Nh thu phi cung cp cc thng s vn hnh v bo tr km sch hng
dn bo tr. Bao gm cc ti liu sau y:
a.Chi tit thit k cc b phn, c tnh ca cu to, chc nng ca cc b
phn v yu cu bo tr, khi ng, vn hnh, bo tr, sa cha, hiu
chnh, ko di v m rng mt cch hiu qu bt k phn no hoc tnh nng
ca h thng.
b.Thng s k thut, thng s sn phm, bo co b sung, hnh nh minh ha
v m hnh cu trc bn trong, cc m t k thut ca linh kin v cc b
phn lit k
c.S nguyn l, thng s vn hnh.
d.Tn v a ch ca nh cung cp thit b ti a phng bao gm c hng
dn bo tr.
e.Hng dn vn hnh phi y v chi tit v ch lm vic bnh
thng v ch chuyn sang bo tr.
4. Bo hnh
a. Cc nh sn xut s phi cung cp ch bo hnh chun cho cc sn
phm giao trong hp ng.
b. Nh thu phi c trch nhim m bo ton b cc b phn cc h thng
phi iu kin p ng c cc yu cu vn hnh cn thit hoc cc yu
cu c ch ra.
c. Khi nhn c cc bo co ca bn k thut v cc s c, hng hc ca
bt k phn no ca h thng hay thit b trong thi hn bo tr, cc phn h
hng s c thay th.
156

CH DN K THUT

7. Sn phm
a.ng ng.
Cc vt liu sau c th p dng cho thot nc ma, v sinh v l thng tr n
hng vt liu c ghi ch:
b.Thot nc sinh hot v nc ma:
ng nha uPVC v cc ph kin PN 12.5 theo tiu chun
TCVN 6151:2002
ng thp PN 10 theo tiu chun TCVN 2981-79 hoc AWWA C202 hoc tng ng
c.L thot : Gn m v h trong ton khu vc : loi ng nha uPVC v cc
ph kin
d.Keo gn
Ni cc ng nha PVC phi l loi lng ni kiu lng c hn ngoi tr nhn
g
ni
yu
cu
ni bng cc vng cao su, mt bch hoc ni ren. Trong qu trnh hn ni,
cc cht bt v hi m phi c loi b khi ng v cc ph kin.
Phi tun th qui trnh c nu trong ASTM 2564 Gn do cho ni cc n
g ng nha hoc tng ng
Phi lu vic trnh vic keo gn trn ra cc van hoc chy dc mi ni.
e.Mi ni co gin
Mi ni co dn phi c lp t theo v tr trn bn v. Cc mi ni
co gin phi c
s dng cho mt bn ngoi ca cu trc. Cc mi ni co gin phi c lp
t vi ng ni (mng sng) gia cc mi ni khng b bn.
f.Thot nc sn: B phn thot nc sn s c cc chc nng nh sau
hoc l loi sn phm tng ng :
Thn: vi vt liu l nylon polyresin hoc cc vt liu tung ng, sn phm
chu c p lc
nn
hn 500 kgf (4900N), tip xc rt tt vi cu trc b tng.

Dung tch thot: t 50 lpm (cn c vo DN50).
Tm chn: bng thp khng g, 1.5 t, dng trong cc cng trnh phn tm ch
n ph lm bng nha ABS c gn chc vo tm thp khng g.
Chc nng: Thot nc tt, duy tr su chng r nc l hn 50 mm.
C. CNG TC THI CNG
1.Cng tc chun b.
Trc khi tin hnh cng vic lp t ng v ph kin phi c n v gim
st duyt cc hng mc ng, ph kin, vt t gi , thit b c xem l
157

CH DN K THUT

ph hp mi c thi cng. Bt k mt hng mc lp t no khng c

gim st ph duyt s c loi b khi cng trng.
Chun b cc vt t thit b s dng.
-
Cc hp dng c dng tin hnh cng vic lp t.
Cc thit b o dng cn chnh v kim tra trong qu trnh lp t v
chy th nh, thc kp,

-
Dn gio v thang nhm dng thi cng cc v tr cao.
2.u ni.
Kim tra vt t (mi n v gim st nghim thu).
Vn chuyn ng n v tr cn lp t.
Kim tra v tr lp t (theo bn v thi cng)
Lm sch ng v ph kin cn u ni.
u ni ng thp
-
Phng php ni ren dng ni gia ng vi ng, ng vi ph kin, ng
vi cc van kho
-
Kim tra my, dng c (my ren, my ct, dung dch ra ng sau khi
ren..v.v)
-
Kim tra trang thit b bo h lao ng.
Lm sch du v bi bn t ng.
Cn c vo bn v v thc t cng trng o v nh du chnh xc
on ng cn gia cng, cn c bin php ti u trc khi ct ng, trnh lng

ph ng.
-
Cc u ng phi c ct phng vung gc vi trc tim ng, lm sch
cc g st pha trong v ngoi ng.

-
Phi c g chuyn dng g ng trong qu trnh ren, my ren phi
c du bi trn. Th ren ng l cng nhn lnh ngh.

-
u ren sau khi hon thin quan st bng mt thng phi p ng cc
yu cu nh: ren phi nt, ng ren nhn, khng b xc, on ren phi c
hnh cn nh dn v pha u ng.
-
u ng sau khi ren xong phi ty ht cc ba via c to ra trong qu
trnh ren, ra sch du ren trn ng v bt u ng li trnh bi bn v

hng ren trong qu trnh vn chuyn n v tr lp ghp.
-
Cc vt t nh bng tan (Bng cao su non), si ay, sn chng r s c
dng qun vo cc mi ren khi lp rp, dng c vn cc mi ren l c l

c su c kch c ph hp vi tng c ng.
-
Sau khi u ni cc mi ren, cc vng ren cn tha ra v cc vt xc
trong qu trnh ren v qu trnh lp ghp s c sn chng r.

158

CH DN K THUT

u ni ng uPVC
-
Ct, mi v lm bng
Pht keo vo phn ng s c lng vo ph kin
n ng v ph kin, gi trong khong mt pht
3.Lp t.
V tr thi cng c nh du v kim tra bi k s gim st.
V tr thi cng c chng dy xung quanh m bo an ton.
Cc ng ng thot nc i l trong hp k thut
Cc ng ng thot nc t cc hp k thut ca cn h thu v hp k thut
chnh c i trong trn ph tng 1.
Cc ng nhnh thot nc i di sn khu WC trong trn gi ca khu WC
tng di.
-
Vic lp t ng, neo gi, treo lm ng theo bn v thit k.
To lp ph ti thiu 0,05m cho cc ng ng ngm
ng thot nc ngang t nghing ng knh 50 mm v nh hn ti thiu 2

%.
ng thot nc ngang t nghing ng knh 75 mm v ln hn ti thiu 1
%.
Cung cp h thng gi treo ti im u ca ton b h thng thot nc chu
yn t chiu
ng sang
chiu ngang.
Khng ni r (hubless) to mt h thng bm thng v c nh (rigid), kh
ng cc im ni b lch
c chiu ngang ln chiu dc. H thng ny s h tr v m bo cho kt c
u xy dng khng b x dch bi ct nc 30 kPa v lc y ca n.
Tin hnh i hng ng thot nc bng ng chc ba 45 , ng chc ba ch
T
cn di, u ni cong
c 6, 8 hoc 16. ng ch T cn ngn ch c dng ti nhng ni c b mt r
ng
(chiu ngang hoc dc).
Mi ni trt: cung cp ming ng c nh hoc khuu ni vi khp lng ng
c
nh.
159

CH DN K THUT

Cht thi v l thot nh hn 100 mm ko di ti mi: Tng ln 100 mm di

mi.
To dc cho ng thot trnh nc ngng ng v ni vi chn tr
nh
bi tch t.
ng thot cht thi phi c un mt gc 45 tt c nhng ch c th u
n
c.
Lp t l tho nh sau:
Lp trn h thng ng thot nm ngang, c 15 mt lp 1 l.
L tho m rng c lp t ti cc ng khng ti c ti sn trn.
4.Thi cng b t hoi.
Cc b pht s c xy dng vi cc thng s c ch ra trong bn v.
- Ph thi xy dng trong cc b s phi c dn sch trc khi ng np
b, lp t.
Thc hin kim tra thm, nt i vi tt c cc b nhm m bo khng c
thm nt. Qui trnh kim tra thm/nt nh sau:
- 14 ngy sau khi b tng ln cui kt cu b, b s c y nc
v theo di trong vng 7 ngy pht hin cc vt thm nt.
- Cc v tr b thm, nt s c c v trt li bng va xi mng mc 100 c
b sung ph gia chng thm.
Mi ngy sau, vic kim tra thm nt s c thc hin li theo cch nh
nu trn.
- Nu vic thm nt khng th khc phc c, Nh thu s phi thi cng li
b.
- Tt c chi ph kim tra thm nt, sa cha hoc xy li do nh thu t chu.
Cc ng ra/vo b s c lp t vi tm chn nc. Cc ng ny s c
t ng v tr trong kt cu b trc khi b tng.
Yu cu khp ni vi cc cng tc khc:
-Cng tc xy dng cc b pht phi c khp ni vi cng tc ng ng
v cng tc lm mng nh cng nh thi cng cc kt cu khc.
5. Thi cng h ga:
a. Cc tm an s cp cho h thng thot nc v nc thi, tr phi c qui
nh khc i hoc c k s ch o khc. i vi h thng nc thi, tm
y c th l b tng c ti hin trng hoc c sn.
Tr phi c m t khc, tt c cc tm y phi tun theo tiu chun Tiu
chun Vit Nam TCVN 356: 2005. Cc tm y phi c 02 im hng ln chm
160

CH DN K THUT

trong B tng c tm y s theo yu cu p dng cho B tng, Ct thp,

Vn khun..
b. Cc ga x v h ga thot nc ma v h thng mng a dng phi c
np y bng gang, thp hoc b tng m bo chu lc cho xe c ti trng
trc P=100kN (i vi khu vc c xe chy qua) hoc ti trng 200kg/m2 i
vi khu vc khng c xe chy qua.
c. Nu ga x nh ln khi mt t, np y s phi ngang bng vi nh tm
y k bn. i vi ga x di ng v l ng, cc khung phi c t
kin c trong va xi mng sao cho np y v tr ngang bng vi b mt
bn cnh.
d. Tt c ga x v bn cha nc phi khng thm nc.
e. ga x phi c thi cng nh ca np l c cng cao vi cao
ng hon thin.
6.Kim tra
Thng bo v tin hnh kim tra vi s c mt ca i din ca ch u t.
H thng ng thot v l thot trong nh v h thng ng ngm kim loi (bao
gm mng cng thot
nc) phi c kim tra nh sau:
Kim tra nc: nu tin hnh kim tra cc khu, phi y nc vo vo tn
g khu ti 3 mt hoc ti mt
sn, tu theo ci no ln hn, lm sao cho tng khu, tr khu cao nht u
c kim tra vi ct nc cao
t nht l 3 mt. Vi cc ng ng thot pha trn khu d tr hoc khu x l
thc n, phi
kim tra vi mc nc cao t nht 7.6 mt. Mc nc ny phi cgi c n
h (khng thm) tron.g sut qu trnh kim tra trong t nht 2 gi.
Kim tra bm ht nc v h thng ng tho dng pht vi sc nc 300 kPa
ti chn ca
h
thng.
3. THIT B V SINH
A. YU CU CHUNG
a. M t cng vic
Cc cng tc trong mc ny bao gm cung cp nhn cng, vt t, thit b v
cc
dch v cn thit cho qu trnh han hin v lp t an tan theo quy nh h
p
161

CH DN K THUT

ng xy dng v tt c cc m hiu p dng, s chp thun ca c quan th

m
quyn i vi thit b v sinh v ph kin
b.Tiu chun k thut v iu kin k thut
Bn v thi cng chi tit lp t thit b v sinh ca cng trnh.
Bo m cht lng
Nh thu chu trch nhim v cht lng ca tt c cng tc gim st v th
nghim quy nh trong iu kin K thut Tiu chun ny. Tuy nhin, Ch u
t c quyn tin hnh bt k hoc tt c cng tc gim st v th nghim
quy nh nu xc nh cn thit m bo cht lng sn phm tun th
theo cc tiu chun k thut. Nh thu phi trnh np Ch u t cc bn sao
h s xc thc chng t tt c vt liu c th nghim trc v tun
th tt c nhng tiu chun lin quan ca bn iu kin K thut ny.
c.Sn phm
-Bn tiu
Cung cp loi treo tng bng s thy tinh ,vi u vo trn
nh, u ra pha sau 50 mm, g ni lm ren bng ng, ming m l loi
c chp thun, bu lng gi bng ng, vng m CP, ai c v
mc treo tng n.
-Bn ra
Cung cp loi ng ch U 32 mm n 38 mm, tr nhng loi c ghi ch.
Cung cp ng ch P bng ng c th iu chnh c 32 mm n 38 mm vi
u ra ng bng ng
v c lm sch vi np l kha ni c vt nh v sn. Lin kt vi ng
chm s dng kt hp chi tit tha bng ng vi ai nn ng
v thit b trt bng ng.
Cung cp thit b chn loi kha gc 10 mm vi my p cht dnh quanh pitt
ng chng thm nc
v kha lng, tr nhng loi c ghi ch. Cung cp vi loi
gn vo tng vi thit b kha nc bn trong hoc gn lin.
Cung cp bn ra bng s thy tinh kch thc 450 mm
x 300 mm,
mu
trng,
-Vi bn ra
Cung cp loi vi bng thp khng g.
-Thit b h tr bn ra
162

CH DN K THUT

Cung cp loi gi gn ln tng c tay cm bng st c th iu chnh c,

np l kha CP c
ren
ng dng cho bn ra loi phin, c gi treo trn tng.

-Bn cu
Cung cp bn cu bng s thy tinh kch thc 715 mm x 360 mm x 710
mm, mu trng, x 2 ch , lng nc x 3/6 l.
B.CNG TC THI CNG
a.Lp t
Trong sut giai on xy dng, bc nhng mu ni v h thng ni bov.
M bc v lm sch
k h thng v mi ni khi li vt liu trong iu kin tt
vo giai on hon thnh d n. Vt liu khng trong iu kin tt s c
Ch thu thay th m khng ly thm chi ph b sung t Ch u t.
Vi nhng nh v sinh gn ln tng s c bi inh treo tng, s dng
cht m neo gn pha sau.
Hn kn ch h gia cc ct liu, v tng hay sn vi cht bt kn ngn nc
khng b vng.
CHNG 5 - THNG GI - IU HA KHNG KH

1.
TIU CHUN P DNG

TCXD 232: 1999- H thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh v cp lnh - Ch
to, lp t v nghim thu
Tiu chun xy dng SMACNA HVAC
V k thut an ton, bo v mi trng v.v... trong thi cng h thng thng gi,
iu ha khng kh, phi tun th theo cc quy nh c lin quan khc ca
Nh nc.
2.
CC YEU CU CHUNG
163

CH DN K THUT

Cc loi vt liu, thit b, thnh phm v bn thnh phm ch yu s dng

trong h thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh phi c giy chng nhn xut
xng hp l hoc cc ti liu gim nh cht lng.
H thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh phi c thi cng theo ng bn v
thit k c ph duyt. Khi sa i thit k phi c vn bn yu cu sa
i v phi c bn thit k v ch u t ng .
Thi cng h thng thng gi iu ha khng kh phi phi hp vi bn xy
dng cng trnh v cc chuyn mn khc. Sau khi hon tt cc cng vic xy
dng c lin quan n h thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh phi c kim tra
chung ca cc bn xy dng, thit k v thi cng.
Kim tra, hiu chnh v nghim thu phi tun th theo ng trnh t v cc
yu cu ca tiu chun h thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh v cp lnh.
3.
3. H THNG THNG GI
A. PHM VI CNG VIC .
Cng vic trong mc ny bao gm cung cp lao ng, vt liu, my v dch v
cn thit cho vic hon chnh lp t an ton theo quy nh ca hp ng
gia Ch u t v Nh thu vi ton b quy tc p dng ca cc c quan c
thm quyn cho cc mc sau:
1. Lp t ng gi.
2. Gi .
3. V bc, h thng ng gi v gi thit b.
4. Cc van gi.
5. Ph kin.
B. H S TRNH
1. trnh bn v gia cng ng gi ph duyt:
a. Phi hp cc lp ng gi vi lp ng gi khc th hin trn bn v thu
gn.
b. Mt bng phng k thut v th hin chi tit ton b thit b v ph kin
lp t.
2. Tiu chi tit v catalog ca:
a. Thi cng ng gi bao gm quy cch v cch gia c.
b. Gia cng hp gi v khoang gi
c. Gi .
d. Van gi.
e. Cnh hng dng.
f. Gia cng v lp t Van dp la v khi
g. Ca thm.
164

CH DN K THUT

h. Ca chng ht.
k. Chp ht.
l. Ni mm.
m. Cc ph kin khc.
3. Mu: trnh tm mu phng 300 mm x 300 mm vi vt liu tm
4. Trnh tn v chng ch ca cc thc nghim c xut v t chc cn
bng, m t cch kim tra ca h thng iu chnh quy trnh cng ngh.
C. CNG TC CH TO
1.Ch to ng dn khng kh (ng gi)
a. ng gi phi ch to theo kch thc quy nh trong bn v. ng gi ly
kch thc ngoi lm chun.
b. Mi ni cc on ng gi phi dng kiu tho ra c, di on ng nn
ly bng 1,8 2,5 mt, ring i vi ng gi hn hoc lin kt bng bulng c
th di hn, nhng khng qu 4 mt,
c. Khi ch to ng gi bng kim loi, ng gi tit din ch nht c th p dng
m ghp b gc hoc m ghp kp. ng gi tit din trn c th p dng m
ghp ng.
d. Mt ngoi ng gi v cc b phn phi phng, cong trn u, mch ni theo
chiu dc phi so le. Khe ghp ni phi kn kht, rng phi u.
e. Khi ch to ng gi bng kim loi sai s cho php ca ng knh ngoi
hoc cnh ngoi nh sau:
- 1mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc ng knh) ng nh hn hoc bng
300mm ;
- 2mm nu kch thc cnh ln (hoc ng knh) ng ln hn 300mm ;
f. Ch to ng gi bng phng php cun th mch cun phi u n v kn,
kht.
g. Bn kinh cong ca ngot tit din ch nht phi ph hp yu cu trong
2. Ch to cc ph kin ca h thng ng gi
a. Ch to cc loi ca gi
- B mt ca gi phi bng phng, sai s cho php so vi kch thc thit k
khng qu 2mm, chnh lch gia hai ng cho ca ca s gi khng qu
3mm. Sai s cho php ca hai ng knh bt k ca ca gi tit din trn
khng c ln hn 2mm.
- B phn iu chnh ca ca gi phi linh hot, tm l cn bng, khng c
va chm vo khung bin.
165

CH DN K THUT

- C ly ca cc tm l trong ca gi kiu nhiu l phi u, tm ca trc hai

u phi trn cng mt ng thng. inh tn ni ca gi vi khung bin phi
cht.
b. Ch to cc loi van
Van phi c ch to chc chn, b phn iu chnh phi linh hot, chnh
xc, tin cy v phi nh du chiu ng, m.
3. Vt liu tm: phi t theo yu cu ca bn v thit k v TCVN.
D. THI CNG LP T
1. Lp t ng ng gi
a. Bn trong ng ng gi khng c t dy in, cp in v cc loi ng
dn kh c hi, kh d chy, d n v cht lng.
b. Lp t ng ng gi nm ngang, chnh lch cao cho php mi mt
khng qu 3mm. Tng chnh lch khng qu 20mm.
c. Lp t ng gi ng, chnh lch thng ng mi mt khng qu 3mm.
Tng chnh lch khng c qu 20mm.
d. ng ng gi xuyn qua mi nh phi c chp che ma. ng gi nh ln
cao trn 1,5 mt so vi mi nh c dy chng c nh. Dy chng khng c
c nh vo mt bch, nghim cm chng buc vo kim thu li hoc li thu
li.
e. Ch tip xc ca ng gi bng thp khng g vi gi bng thp thng
phi t mt lp lt vo ch gi hoc lm thm tm m khng phi l kim
loi.
f. Bt kn ton b chiu di ng ni, khp ni ngang, ni xuyn cc mc cht
v ni ph kin bng cht lm kn nh silicon chuyn dng.
g. Mi ghp bch cn c giong lm kn, yu cu mt bch trc khi ghp cn
phi phng mi ghp c kn.
h. Gc bch cn c trm silicon lm kn trc khi ghp.
k. Mi ghp dc ng l dng ghp m, tun theo tiu chun SMACNA v bn
v chi tit lp t.
l. Mi ghp ni di ng: dng bch TDC, thp gc hoc np C
2. Gi treo, gi ng gi:
a. Gi treo ng gi cu to bng thp gc v ty ren
b. Tt c cc thanh thp gc ch to gi treo cn c sn chng g ton b
trc khi c lp t.
c. Chi tit v ti trng v kch thc yu cu tun theo bn v chi tit lp t
166

CH DN K THUT

d. Cc chi tit ch, chn sn hoc bulng n ca gi treo, gi phi v tr

chnh xc, chc chn, cc phn chn chm th khng c sn v phi lm
sch ht du m.
e. Khong cch ca gi treo, chng v ng ng thng gi theo bn v v
khng ln hn quy phm.
f. Phi c im c nh thch hp chng rung, lc cho ng ng gi .
g. Gi treo, chng, , ng ng gi khng c t nhng v tr c ca gi,
ca van.
3. Cc ph kin
a. Cc loi van ca h thng ng gi phi lp t v tr thun tin thao tc.
b. Cc loi ca gi phi lp chnh xc, thng, phng, b phn quay nhanh
nhy, lin kt chc chn vi ng gi.
c. Lp t ng ni mm phi cht ch, khng c xon lch.
4.
QUT THNG GI
A. YU CU CHUNG
1. Qut tng p v ht khi l loi ly tm l loi lin trc, truyn ng trc
tip, hot ng lin tc c 2h trong mi trng 300 oC, qut ny l loi t
ngoi tri
2. Qut thng gi tng hm l loi hng trc, cng l loi hot ng lin tc
c 2h trong mi trng 300oC
3. Gi v gi treo qut cn c chng rung bng l xo hoc m cao su
ty theo trng lng ca qut.
4. Qut cn chn sao cho tc vng quay cao nht l 1500 vng/ pht.
B. LP T
1. Qut, ng c v cc b phn iu khin phi b tr sao cho d lui ti
vn hnh, bo dng v sa cha. Tt c cc b phn truyn ng phi c
bo v hp l. Khi lp t phi ch c bit ti cc mi ni lin kt u vo
v u ra ca qut trnh s gim p lc qu mc hoc to ra dng khng
kh qun v chng c th gy nh hng ti s lm vic ca qut. qut v
cc thit b chng rung cn c kim tra k trc khi lp t.
2. Vn chuyn, lp,t qut thng gi phi tun theo cc yu cu sau:
a. Qut thng gi lp tng th th khi vn chuyn, cu lp khng c buc
dy cu vo quay, v my hoc np trc,
b. Khi cu lp qut thng gi hin trng th dy buc ca cu khng c
lm h hi cc b phn ca qut. Khng c trc tip buc dy cu vo
quay, c trc v v my.
167

CH DN K THUT

3. Cc ming ca gi vo v ra ca qut gi phi c gi ring v lin kt

cht ch vi my. Lin kt ng ng gi vi qut gi phi m bo v khng
b co ko mnh, v khng gnh chu trng lng ca cc b phn khc
trnh b bin dng.
4. B phn h ca thit b truyn ng ca qut gi phi c np bo v. Phn
ming vo ca qut gi hoc ng gi nh ra ngoi tri phi c li bo v
hoc c bin php khc bo v.
5. Tho d, ra sch v lp rp li qut gi phi tun th theo cc quy nh
sau:
a. Tho v my, hp trc v tho bnh ra ra sch. i vi loi qut
gi truyn ng trc tip th c th khng tho ra ra.
b. chnh xc khi lp cc b phn phi ph hp vi yu cu trong cc ti
liu k thut ca my.
6. Sai s lp qut thng gi phi ph hp cc quy nh ca TCVN.
7. Chy th : Trc khi chy th phi cho du nhn vo khp ni gia ng c
in v gung cnh qut mc va phi v kim tra cc mc m bo an
ton. Bnh quay th khng c hin tng b cht hoc va chm, chiu quay
ca gung cnh phi ng. Nhit cao nht ca trc bi khng c qu
70oC, nhit cao nht ca trc bc khng c qu 80 oC.
8. B lc khng kh
a. Lp t b lc khng kh loi hiu qu s (lc th) v hiu qu trung (lc
trung bnh) phi tin cho vic tho d v thay i vt liu lc. Phi m bo
kn, kht gia b lc vi khung v gia khung vi kt cu tng bao ca
bung x l nhit m khng kh.
b. Cn lu trong qu trnh lp t l :
- Tt c cc ng phi sch khng dnh bi bn.
- Phi t b lc ng hng ca dng khng kh.
- H thng khung gi b lc phi tht kn kht trnh khng kh i vng
quanh b lc.
- Cc chi tit v in ca cc b lc kh t ng, cc b lc tnh in phi tun
th cc yu cu ca tiu chun v in. Cc ca to li ra vo b phn bin p
cao p v khu vc t cc dy dn mang in p cao ca cc b lc tnh in
phi c trang b cc b kha an ton v c iu khin bi mt nhn vin
c trch nhim. Cc bin php ni t an ton phi c thc hin nghim
chnh i vi cc b lc ny.
9. B tiu m v chng rung
168

CH DN K THUT

a. nh v: Cn ch khi la chn v b tr cc thit b in v c kh m

bo ting n hoc chn ng do chng to ra khng gy nh hng cho dn
c sng trong nh c lp t cc thit b hoc cho dn c khu vc ln
cn.
b. Lp dt b phn tiu m:
Cc loi vt liu tiu m rt d b h hng bi tc ng c hc v b ph hy
nghim trng nu b m, v vy cn phi bo qun nghim ngt c trong thi
k bo qun, lp t v trong thi gian ch bn giao.
c. Lp t b phn chng rung:
- Cc thit b chng rung bao gm l xo thp, cc vt liu n hi v cao su
trong cc thit b cch li. Cc loi vt liu ny c th b h hi do tc ng c
hc hoc do cc cht lng ph hy nh du..., v th cn thit phi c s ch
bo v.
- Cc mi ni mm cn c bo v khi s tc ng c hc. Cn ch
ngn nga s qu ti ca cc b phn chng rung trong qu trnh lp t.
5.
5. CA GI:
1. Ca gi trong nh : loi 1 nan, sn tnh in, tt c cc ca gi c i km
van VCD
2. Ca gi ngoi tri: loi nan ch z chng ht, sn tnh in, ca ngoi tri
phi c lp km vi li chn cn trng.
3. V tr ngoi tri cn ch to sao cho nc ma ht lun c xu hng chy ra
ngoi.
6.
IU HA KHNG KH
A. Lp t my iu ha khng kh loi mt cc:
1. Kim tra v hiu chnh sai lch ca my do vn chuyn. Kim tra cc chng
ch v ch dn lp t ca my.
2. Gi my phi lp t chc chn v cn bng trn tng hoc ca s.
3. V tr t my phi thong, sch. Ca ly khng kh ngoi ca my khng b
cn tr.
4. ng thot nc ngng t t my ra ngoi phi m bo thng sut.
5. Kim tra s cn bng ca my trn gi , tin hnh chy th my.
B. Lp t my iu ha khng kh loi hai cc :
1. Kim tra my theo mc A
2. B phn t trong nh phi c lp t chc chn vo tng hoc trn
bng bulng hoc vt n.
3. B phn t ngoi nh phi t trn gi chc chn v cn bng. Ming
thi ca my khng b cn tr.
169

CH DN K THUT

4. H thng ng ng ng ni b phn bn trong v bn ngoi phi c lp

t ng theo quy trnh lp t ng ng lnh. Khong cch, chnh lch
cao gia hai b phn bn trong v bn ngoi khng c ln hn ch s quy
nh trong ch dn lp t ca nh ch to.
5. H thng ng ng lnh phi c bc cch nhit m bo.
6. ng thot nc ngng t phi m bo thng sut v x vo ni quy nh.
C. NG NC NGNG:
1. S dng ng PVC cho thot nc ngng.
2. m bo ng PVC sch trc v trong qu trnh lp t.
3. Phi kim tra r r sau khi hon thin qu trnh lp t.
3. Lp t ng thot nc ngng cho cc ngoi tri
a. h nh ng chn chy ngc gy ra do p sut trong ng.
b. m bo dc ti thiu 1%.
c. Bo n s dng vi chiu dy ti thiu 9mm.
4. Lp t ng thot nc ngng cho cc trong phng
a. m bo dc ti thiu 1/100.
b. Bo n ng thot ngn chc s ng m b mt ng.
c. S dng cch nhit bng aeroflex hoc tng ng c h s dn nhit
<0.035W/moC, dy hn 10mm.
d. Gi vi khong cch 1.5m, nu ng c treo hoc chn kn trong
tng khng cn gi .
e. Lp t ng thng hi chn s chy ngc (Cn thit)
f. Cc v tr thot nc ngng, nu cn thit phi lm by kh mi.
D. NG DN MI CHT LNH:
1. Vt liu:
a. Bng ng, khng s dng ng nhm, chiu dy theo khuyn co ca nh
cung cp thit b.
b. S dng bo n aeroflex hoc tng ng c h s dn nhit
<0.035W/moC, dy hn 13mm.
2. Lp t:
a. Gi ng vi khong cch 1.5m, ng chn kn trong tng th khng cn
gi , yu cu hn ch bin dng bo n khi lp hon thin.
b. Bn ngoi c qun mt lp bng chuyn dng.
7.
TH NGHIM H THNG THNG GI

A. Th nghim kim tra h thng ng dn khng kh
170

CH DN K THUT

1. Cn th kn kht ca tng on ng, nhnh ng ca tng h thng (c

th dng khi kim tra).
2. Chy th thi b tp cht, bi bn trong ng ng.
3. Thi gian chy qut gi khng t hn 2 gi.
4. Kim tra cc mc m bo an ton, kim tra bnh xe cng tc, cnh qut
khng c hin tng va qut, chiu quay chnh xc. Nhit cao nht trc bi
khng c qu 70oC, nhit cao nht trc bc khng ln hn 80C.
B. o c v hiu chnh h thng thng gi
1. o c v hiu chnh l nhm kim tra cc thng s k thut ca h thng.
Kim tra s sai lch gia thc t v thit k iu chnh cho h thng lm
vic theo yu cu thit k.
2. Dng c v thit b o phi c chng ch kim nh hp chun v c
chnh xc t nht cao hn mt cp so vi cp chnh xc ca i tng c o.
3. o c v hiu chnh khi h thng hot ng khng ti:
a. o tng lu lng gi, vn tc v p sut gi, s vng quay ca tng qut
gi. Sai s cho php ca lng gi thc o so vi thit k khng ln hn 10%.
b. Cn bng lu lng gi ca h thng vi cc ca gi theo yu cu thit k:
- C th dng phng php iu chnh lu lng, hoc phng php iu
chnh p sut trong h thng ng ng gi.
- Cng vic c tin hnh t nhng im bt li nht ca h thng (thng
qua vic iu chnh cc van gi) tin dn v pha qut gi.
- Sai s lu lng gi ti cc ca gi khng ln hn 15% so vi yu cu thit
k.
c. V tr v phng php tin hnh o c:
- o lu lng gi trong ng chnh, im o cn chn ni lung gi c tc
n nh v v tr cch tr lc pha trc khng t hn 4 ln, cch tr trc tip
theo khng t hn 1,5 ln ng knh ng tit din trn hoc cnh di ng tit
din ch nht.
- Nu iu kin b hn ch th tng cng im o v ly tr s trung bnh.
- o tc gi ti cc ca gi phi p st u o vo dn khung hoc li
ca ca gi. o vn tc trung bnh c th dng phng php o im, vi s
v tr o khng t hn 5 im.
- o lu lng ming ra ca qut thng gi phi la chn im o nh mc
o lu lng gi trong ng chnh.
Nu iu kin hn ch th o ti im nh cng vi tn tht v p sut tnh
theo l thuyt ca on ng pha trc ti ming ra ca qut
- o u ht qut gi phi o st vi ming vo ca qut gi.
171

CH DN K THUT

- Lu lng gi qua qut l tr s trung bnh ca lu lng gi u ht v u

y.
4. o c v hiu chnh h thng lm vic khi c ti
a. o c v hiu chnh h thng lm vic khi c ti nn thc hin:
- Sau khi iu chnh khng ti cho h thng.
- Khi trng thi khng kh tip cn vi trng thi khi tnh ti trng thit k.
- Cn c s phi hp ca bn ch u t, n v thit k v n v thi cng
cng trnh.
b. o c cc thng s k thut bao gm:
- o ch nhit m trong cc phng thng gi v iu ha khng kh.
- o c mc n.
- o c cc thng s khi ng trong phng thng gi.
- o c mc sch, p sut m, dng trong cc phng thng gi .
- o c v kim tra cng sut tiu th in ca cc ng c v cng sut
tng th ca h thng.
C. Chy th v nghim thu
1. Cho ton b h thng vn hnh k c h thng in p v cc iu kin cn
th nghim trong vng 2 gi.
2. Cng tc th nghim t yu cu nu khng c s c hng hc ca cc
ng c v cc linh kin in t khc cng vi h thng dy in do qu ti
hoc bt k nguyn nhn no khc.
3. Cc yu cu nghim thu
- Da trn cc yu cu thit k v cc quy nh trong tiu chun ch to lp
t v nghim thu.
- Da trn cc yu cu v an ton v thm m chung ca cng trnh.
4. Cc bc tin hnh nghim thu
a. H s nghim thu:
- H s nghim thu bao gm cc bn v thit k, bn v hon cng ca h
thng thng gi v iu ha khng kh, cc chng ch hp chun ca thit b,
cc bin bn kim tra th nghim v nghim thu tng phn trong qu trnh ch
to v lp t.
- Bin bn kim tra th nghim cc thng s k thut ca h thng.
- Kim tra chng ch hp chun ca cc thit b, trc khi cho tin hnh lp
t.
b. Kim tra h thng gi v iu ha khng kh:
172

CH DN K THUT

- Hi ng nghim thu kim tra bng mt thng ton b h thng ng

ng, cc thit b chnh, cc chi tit quan trng ca h thng khi h thng vn
hnh c ti.
- Kim tra s hot ng ca bng iu khin, vn hnh thit b ca h thng,
kim tra quy trnh hng dn vn hnh h thng.
c. Yu cu v ni dung cc vn bn nghim thu
- Cc ti liu thuyt minh v bin bn hon cng ca h thng.
- S v dng chy ca cht lng, dng chuyn ng ca khng kh, s
cn bng cho mt my hon chnh, s vn hnh h thng, bn v cu to
v ch dn bo dng vi tng loi thit b.
- S vn hnh my, bn v cu to my v ch dn bo dng.
- Giy chng nhn xut xng hp chun hoc ti liu kim nghim ca cc
loi vt liu, thit b, thnh phm, bn thnh phm v cc ng h o.
d. Bin bn nghim thu bao gm:
- Bin bn nghim thu lin hp h thng .
- Bin bn nghim thu th nghim v kim tra chi tit tng b phn.
- Bin bn o c kim tra cc thng s k thut.
- Bin bn th nghim v sinh h thng.
173

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 6 - THANG MY
1.
CC TIU CHUN THI CNG (LP T)

V tng quan, cc tiu chun s tun th Tiu chun Vit Nam phin bn mi
nht. Trong trng hp khng c cc tiu chun Vit nam thch ng. C th s
dng cc tiu chun Quc t tng ng nhng phi c Ch u t ng
bng vn bn.
2.
CC TI LIU TRNH
A. trnh cc bn v ch to, Cc bn v dch v phi hp (CSD), cc d liu
v sn phm, cc mu v cc chng nhn s ph hp c yu cu v cc cc
ti liu ca nh thu.
B. Cc bn v
1. B tr cc thit b c v in: Nh thu phi tin hnh nghin cu v phn
in v phn tch cc chc nng cho vic lp t theo cc yu cu thit k v
theo cc tiu chun p dng. Thit k v b tr thit b phi da trn cc bn v
cung cp. Nu nh thu sut mt thay i, th phi tha mn tch hp
c trong mt bng b tr c lp.
2. Nh thu phi lp h s ghi li tt c cc kch thc thc t v cc b tr yu
cu cho vic lp cc bn v lp t; cc bn v ny phi th hin tt c kch
thc (vi s tha mn cc ca v li ra vo, cc kch thc ch trong cc cu
trc v mt bng b tr i vi cc ca vo ra).
C. Ti liu
1. Cc ti liu v thit k v lp t:
Nh thu phi trnh cho Ch u t hoc i in ca ch u t ph duyt,
cc b ti liu hon chnh v tt c cc bn v chi tit v lp dng cc b phn
khc nhau, s khi v danh mc ton b cc thit b, th hin hnh dng, s
hiu thit b v cc c tnh thit b.
2. Cc ti liu bo dng:
a. Mt bn cp nht v tt c cc ti liu vn hnh,
b. Mt b ti liu (file) v cc hot ng bo dng thng nht (chu trnh, qui
trnh, v cc dng c yu cu),
c. Mt file v cc qui tc gii quyt s c (miu t v cc s c thng xy
ra v triu chng, cch pht hin v cc hot ng sa cha).
3. Cc ti liu cho nghim thu:
174

CH DN K THUT

a. Cc kt qu c xc nhn v cc th nghim v cc o th c
Nh thu thc hin trc v trong khi lp t,
b. Cc kt qu c xc nhn ca c quan chc nng v th nghim v kim
tra c thc hin sau khi lp t.
3.
CC YU CU V THANG MY
1. Thang my phi c kh nng vn hnh di cc iu kin kh hu c trng
ti H Ni:
Phm vi Nhit
-10C n 60C.
Phm vi m tng i 10% n 100 %

2. Bo v chng ha hon: Phi c tt c cc lu loi tr nhng ngun
tim nng gy ha hon v khi. Mi thang my phi c lp t vi h
thng pht hin chy v khi v mt h thng cu ha. Nh thu phi kt
hp giao din vi cng trnh xy dng lp t h thng cha chy. H
thng phi c ch u t v cc c quan hu quan ph duyt.
3. Nu pht hin chy, thang my s quay li tng 1, m ca v t ng ct
h thng cp ngun in chnh. Sau , m nt bo ng chy xc nhn s
tch bit ca thang my v cho php dch v cu ha can thip.
4. B kt cu bao gm ca v mt trc phi c mc chu la l 30 pht. Cc
vt liu s dng chng n v rung phi khng c kh nng chy (cp M1).
5. Mc ting n trong khu vc cng cng phi khng vt qu mc quy nh
trong ISO 55.
6. Tt c cc ch yu cu trnh truyn s rung n cc kt cu bn cnh
phi c thc hin.
7. Tui th ca thang my phi t nht 30 nm m khng yu cu nhng thay
i ln nh thay i khoang thang my, ca hay ng c.
8. kh dng ca thang my phi t t nht 98% khi vn hnh 140h/tun
(20h/ngy). 7300h/nm (20h/ngy, mi ngy trong nm).
9. Nh thu phi cung cp tt c b tr sp t vi cc giao din khc nh cc
cng trnh in, c v xy dng.
10. Phi cung cp cnh bo t nht cho cc trng hp sau y:
a. Nt Khn cp
b. Nt dng khoang thang my khn cp ti nh v y
c. Cc li vo bo dng
d. Pht hin chy v khi
e. Cn gt gim st qu trng lng
11. Phi lp t in thoi ni b khn cp bn trong khoang thang my lin
lc vi bn ngoi.
12. Hp iu khin khoang thang my phi c t trong khoang thang my.
Hp ny c gn phng trn pha s dng. Ngi tn tt c th ra vo hp
iu khin khoang thang my ny. Hp iu khin khoang thang my phi l
dng chng va p v c bo v chng li s xm nhp ca nc v bi.
175

CH DN K THUT

13. Mi mt hp iu khin khoang thang my s c cc nt bm v cc hin

th sau y:
a. Nt ti tng tng
b. Hin th v tr ti (Ln v Xung)
c. Nt m li ca
d. Nt ng ca
e. Nt khi ng cnh bo ring c chung reo
f. Hin th v tr ca khoang thang my
g. Hin th s qu ti
h. Cng tc hot ng qut
k. Mt bng hin th cc ch dn khn cp
15. Khoang thang my: Khoang thang my c cu thnh bi mt thn chng
bin dng xon, c t bn trong mt gi m b phn hm khn cp,
ton b thn rn chc hon ho, phi c x l trnh rung hay cng hng.
Nh thu phi thc hin cch m cho cc thnh. Trong tt c cc trng hp,
lp ph cch m phi l vt liu chng chy (cp M1) v khng c aming.
16. Thng gi: phi lp mt chic qut m bo lm mi 20 n v khng
kh trn gi. Chic qut ny phi hot ng theo phng php chit gim. Mc
ting n do qut gy ra phi khng vt qu 60 dBA.
17. Ca khoang thang my: B dn ng ca s phi c kh nng thc hin
240 chu k trn gi. Ca phi c trt ngang v m ra t gia. M v ng
ca phi c thc hin t ng. Mp trc ca ca phi ph hp vi h thng
bo v thng qua cc t bo quang in, vi cm bin va chm v vi mt thit
b gi cho ca ng (c in).
18. Phanh khn cp: Phanh khn cp phi l loi vn hnh gim dn. Phn lc
phi c cn bng gia cc hng trnh pht sinh cc bin dng nghing
trn thnh bn v bin dng xon ca khoang thang my.
19. B dn ng khn cp: Thit b ny cho php kim sot khoang thang my
v vn hnh khoang thang my th cng n cao an ton vi ca ra chiu
ngh c m. H thng ny s phi gm bng chiu sng ch r tng no m
thang my ang hin hu. Ngun cp in cho thit b ny phi c d phng
cho hai ting ng h.
20. Mng chiu sng (khoang thang my, ging ng, cc in trong hm v
trn nc khoang thang my) Trong hot ng thng thng, chiu sng trong
khoang thang my s m bo c nh sng khong 200 lux khi c o
cao cch sn 1m ca khoang thang my.
Mng d phng cho chung cnh bo v b ch dn v tr, c cung cp t
ngun d phng 48 hoc 24 VDC (b d phng c cng sut trong 2 gi ng
h)
21. Ton h thng vn hnh phi c bo v chng li s c chm t.
4.
THI CNG
176

CH DN K THUT

A. Hn: Cc mi hn dng ni cc mi ni khi tin hnh lp dng thang my

ti nhng v tr khng yu cu kt ni bng bulng khi khng cn thay th trong
qu trnh vn hnh, iu chnh, kim tra, bo dng thng thng v thay th
cc b phn mn. Cng tc ny phi tun th cc tiu chun AWS quy nh i
vi tay ngh v nng lc ca th hn.
B. Cch m: Lp t cc thit b chng rung nhm gim thiu s truyn ti
rung n kt cu v hn ch ting n t h thng thang my.
C. Tra du cc b phn vn hnh ca cc h thng, bao gm cp treo theo
khuyn ngh ca nh sn xut.
D. S thng hng: Phi hp lp t cc li vo ging thang my vi vic lp t
ray dn hng thang my m bo s thng hng chnh xc i vi ca vo
thang my cho mi khoang thang my. nhng v tr c th, cha iu chnh
ln cui bu ca v ca cho ti khi thang my vn hnh trong ging thang.
Gim tnh khng n mc ti thiu, n mc an ton, v kch thc c th
lm vic c mi chiu ngh.
E. Dung sai cao : 3 mm, ln hoc xung, bt k ti trng v chiu di chuyn.
F. Kim tra
Kim tra cc khu vc ca thang my v s tun th cc yu cu cho dung sai
trong lp t v cc iu kin khc nh hng n s hot ng ca thang my.
Kim tra li vo, s m li vo, cc hm, v cc phng my v kim tra cu
trc v cc iu kin khc ca thang my.
5.
NGHIM THU
Sau khi hon thnh cng tc lp t, cc th nghim vn hnh s c tin
hnh vi s chng kin ca cc i din ca cc c quan chc nng lin quan.
Cc th nghim ny s ch yu bao gm:
1. Kim tra tnh tun th ca thit b i vi tiu chun v in v c.
2. Kim tra tnh tun th ca thang my i vi cc ch dn k thut
3. Th nghim ng ti cc ti trng th nghim khc nhau v cc h thng an
ton, c th l:
- Th nghim ng vi 25% qu ti, vi chc nng tng tc m khng c s
m bo no v tc .
- Th nghim tnh vi 200% qu ti trong thi gian mt gi m khng lm bin
dng thit b.
4. o s gim tc ca cabin trong thi gian th nghim ng c ti ca hthng
phanh an ton vi tc qu ti vi 125% ti trng danh nh.
5. o cch in
6. S truyn ti thng tin n phng bo dng in c v vn phng (v d:
chung bo.).
6.
BO HNH V BO DNG
A. Bo hnh: Cc nh sn xut phi cung cp cc bo hnh chun cho tt c
cc sn phm thuc hp ng v m bo tt c cc nguyn vt liu, thit b,
177

CH DN K THUT

dng c v sn phm min ph cho cc thit b b li v sn phm b li trong

thi hn thng bo sai st c xc nh trong hp ng.
B. Bo dng:
1. Cc ti liu v s tay hng dn phi c Nh thu cung cp. Ti liu phi r
rng, hon chnh v chnh xc v cho php hiu d dng v cc h thng.
2. S tay hng dn bo dng phi m t tt c cc hot ng bo dng
bao gm th nghim mi thit b an ton.
3. Cc hot ng bo dng phi khng lm nh hng n an ton ca hnh
khch v nhn vin.
4. Cc dch v bo dng ban u: Bt u khi hon thin, cung cp dch v
bo hnh trong 2 nm bng cc nhn s c tay ngh ca nh lp t. Bao gm
bo dng nh k hng thng, sa cha v thay th cc b phn li hoc hng,
tra du m, v sinh, v hiu chnh cng nh l sa cha thang my hot
ng thch hp ti tc v cng sut danh nh. Cung cp cc thit b v cc
cung cp ging nh l cc thit b c s dng trong ch to v lp t thit b
gc. Bao gm 24 gi trn ngy, 7 ngy trn tun cc dch v khn cp.Thi gian
p ng: hai gi hoc t hn.
5. o to nhn vin s dng: o to nhn vin phi c t chc v phi
trnh mt chng trnh o to. Chng trnh phi c t nht:
a. Cc thang my
b. Cc thit b in
c. Thit b c
d. Cc qui tc an ton c p dng cho thang my.
6. Ngoi ra, Nh thu phi tin hnh cc kim tra nh k m bo rng cc
hot ng bo dng ang c cc nhn vinc bo dng tin hnh ng
n.
7. Trong sut giai on ny, cc nhn vin ca Ch u t c Nh thu
hun luyn c th tin hnh bo dng hoc gii quyt tr ngi ph hp
theo trnh chuyn mn m h t c. Tuy nhin, Nh thu vn phi chu
ton b trch nhim.
8. Hai nm sau khi nghim thu. Mt cuc kim tra chung tt c cc thang my
phi c tin hnh kim tra khng cn c vn tn ng ti thi im
nghim thu
178

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 7 - PHNG CHY CHA CHY

8.
TIU CHUN P DNG

TCVN 5738: 2001/ H thng bo chy t ng / Cc yu cu k thut
TCVN 5760: 1993/ H thng cha chy Cc yu cu chung v thit k, lp t
v s dng.
TCVN 6160: 1996/ Chng chy / Cc yu cu thit k nh cao tng.
TCVN 7336: 2003/ Chng chy / H thng phun t ng. Cc yu cu v thit k,
lp t.
TCXDVN 323: 2004/ Nh chung c cao tng / Tiu chun thit k.
TCVN 2622: 1995/ Phng chy cha chy cho nh v cc yu cu thit k kt
cu.
TCVN 4513: 1988/ Cung cp nc bn trong Tiu chun thit k.
TCVN 3254: 1989 Chng chy. Cc yu cu v an ton chung
TCVN 5738: 2001 Bo chy t ng. Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 4879: 1989 Chng chy Bin hiu an ton
TCVN 6379: 1998 Thit b phng chy cha chy. Bnh cha chy, yu cu k
thut
TCVN 5739: 1993 Thit b phng chy cha chy. Ph kin
9.
2. CC YU CU CHUNG
A.TI LIU TRNH
Theo tin thi cng trn cng trng, Nh thu s np cc bn v chi tit v
kch thc y ch r bt k cng tc cn thit no lin quan n Hp ng
cng vi y thng tin k thut c th phi hp vi cc cng tc khc.
179

CH DN K THUT

1. Bn v thi cng: Trc khi bt tay vo cng vic, Nh thu phi np cc bn

v ch to ch r tt c cc chi tit ca thit b, vt liu, ng, ng dn, vv s
s dng cho Ch u t v TVGS xem xt.
2. Mu cc cu kin, ghp ni, vvkhi cn phi c dn nhn y , np cho
Ch u t v TVGS xem xt trc khi bt u cng tc lp t.
3. Nh thu phi np cho Ch u t v TVGS ph duyt d liu sn phm, bao
gm c cc c tnh k thut ca Nh sn xut v cc hng dn v lp t.
B. HNG DN VN HNH/BO DNG, BN V HON CNG
1. Nh thu s bo hnh mi sai st v h hi ca tt c cc vt t v cng vic
theo hp ng . Mt tin bo dng c a ra trong chng trnh bo
dng d kin phi c np cho Ch u t duyt.
2. Hng dn vn hnh / Bo dng v bn v hon cng
Trc ngy Hon thnh cc cng tc hp ng, Nh thu phi np Ch u
t ph duyt hng dn vn hnh v bo dng v cc bn v hon cng cho
ton h thng. Ni dung:
a. M t lp t
b. Cc chi tit lit k ca tt c cc my mc v thit b
c. Cc hng dn vn hnh bao gm cc chi tit ca bt k h thng iu khin
t ng no.
d. Cc hng dn bo dng v tm sai st bao gm chng trnh tng hp cho
bo dng thng l. Chng trnh bo dng s bao gm cc chi tit nh bo
dng thng xuyn, i tu, thay th, vv.
e. Cc bo co th nghim v ghi chp bn giao chy th
f. Ph tng thay th xut v du bi trn
g. Lit k thit b v my mc cng tn v a ch nh sn xut, i l a
phng
h. Ti liu v catalogues/brochures ca nh sn xut c km cc ch s thch
hp bao gm bn v ch to, s i dy, vv
k. Tt c cc thng tin cn thit khc vn hnh v bo dng ng n bao
gm tt c cc ch dn cn thit v th nghim v thay th bt k phn no ca
h thng.
C. BO HNH
Cc nh sn xut phi cung cp cc bo hnh chun cho tt c cc sn
phm thuc hp ng.
D. TH NGHIM, CHY TH V BN GIAO
1. Tng qut
- Ton b cc cng vic phi c th nghim y theo ng cc giai on
tin v khi hon thnh.
- Cc th nghim c m t ti y v bao gm tt c cc th nghim do c
quan c thm quyn quy nh phi c thc hin. Bt k th nghim no cho
thy khng tha mn s phi lm li n khi p ng c yu cu.
2. Cc th nghim thu tnh
180
CH DN K THUT

Tt c cc phn ca cng tc ng ng phi c nc trc khi

th nghim p lc thy tnh, v cc th nghim chy bm xc nh p lc v
dng chy c tin hnh.
3. Cc th nghim in
a. Cc th nghim in phi tun th cc quy nh hin hnh ca cc c quan
c thm quyn.
b. Cc th nghim cch in, th nghim in tr in cc ni t v th nghim
lin tc phi c p dng cho thanh ci, bng iu khin cch ly v thit b
cng dy dn khc.
c. Mt dng c 500V D.C. phi c s dng kim tra in tr cch in.
S ghi khng c nh hn 1 mega-ohm trong mi trng hp.
4. Th nghim vn hnh h thng
a. H thng hng cu ho trong nh
b. H thng bo chy: Tt c cc im gi th cng v b d phi c th
nghim v chc nng ng v vn hnh y bng cc th nghim gi bo
chy.
c. Cc th nghim v kim tra theo lut nh
5. Th nghim nghim thu cui cng
Sau khi nghim thu bn giao v th nghim / kim tra ton b cng tc lp
t, v trc khi pht hnh Chng nhn hon thnh, Nh thu phi tin hnh
cc th nghim nghim thu cui cng theo quy nh ca php lut v cng tc
PCCC vi s kim sot ca c quan chc nng.
E. NHN VIN TRN CNG TRNG V GIM ST CNG TRNG
1. Nh thu s c mt Qun l d n y nng lc v kinh nghim v lnh
vc cng vic tin hnh c mt ton thi gian trn cng trng, ngi ny s
thay mt Nh thu qun l v trng nom tt c cng vic theo hp ng trn
cng trng. Ngi cn b Qun l d n ny phi hiu bit y cc cng
vic lin quan theo hp ng v cp nht tt c cc bo co v chng trnh
cng vic thi cng v tham d tt c cc cuc hp trn cng trng.
2. Nh thu s c v duy tr trn cng trng mt K s d n ph hp, ngi
ny s chu trch nhim lin tc v cc cng vic cng mt con s y cc
nhn vin gim st ph hp h tr cho cng tc gim st thi cng.
10.
YU CU C TH
A. CC H THNG NG NG CHNG / CHN LA
H thng cc ng tiu chun (bao gm tt c cc ng ng, ph tng v van,
bao gm c cc mc treo, cng xon, neo, cc b phn co gin, mng sng v tt
c cc ph kin khc lin quan n cng tc lp t ng hon chnh) phi c
cung cp v lp t theo cc tiu chun v cc yu cu ca bn v thit k v
C qun c thm quyn. Cc ng ng phi c mu phn bit.
B. H THNG HNG CU HA TRONG NH
1. H thng hng cu ho trong nh s c cung cp v lp t theo thit k
v tun th cc yu cu ca TCVN 4513: 1988.
181

CH DN K THUT

2. p sut vn hnh ti a ca mi hng cu ho trong nh theo yu cu ca

thit k.
3. Khi hon thnh lp t, tt c cc cng tc ng cu ho trong nh phi c
th nghim 2 gi v n 1,5 ln p sut lm vic ti a. p sut th nghim s
c o ti im thp nht ca h thng.
4. Mi hng cu ho s bao gm mt hng di 20 m vi ng knh bn trong
ti thiu l 50 mm, c hng phun cng nh chi tit trn bn v.
5. Cc hp cu ha
Nu xy ra tnh trng khn cp, ca hp c bo v bng mt mt knh d v
thuc loi khi v ra khng li cc mnh nh hay sc nhn d gy thng khi
xy ra trng hp m khn cp. Nhng hp cu ha ny phi khng c
cc cnh sc c th gy h hi thit b hay thng tch.
6. Hng dn s dng
Cc thit b nc cu ha trong nh phi c ch dn vn hnh y t trn
hoc cnh cun ng nc cu ha.
7.Thi cng
Phi ch m bo s gn gng, trnh tay ngh cng nh thng v
dc.
C. BNH CHA CHY
Mi bnh cha chy s c lp ph hp vn hnh ngay m khng b chm
tr. Hng dn s dng, bo dng v np li bnh phi hin th r rng c nh
thn bnh.
D. H THNG IU P THANG
1. Ti liu trnh
trnh cc bn v ch to, Cc bn v dch v phi hp (CSD), cc d liu v
sn phm, cc mu v cc chng nhn s ph hp c yu cu v cc cc ti
liu ca nh thu.
2. Bo hnh: Cc nh sn xut phi cung cp cc bo hnh chun cho tt c
cc sn phm thuc hp ng.
3. Sn phm
Trng thi vn hnh s nh sau:
a. Vn hnh t ng khi nhn c tn hiu bo chy t h thng bo chy.
b. Kch hot bng tay t xa cho nhn vin cu ha ti t iu khin h thng.
c. Kch hot bng tay ti t iu khin qut iu khin t xa
E. H THNG PHT HIN CHY & BO CHY
1.Cp s dng cho h thng bo chy phi p ng cc yu cu v th nghim
chy, phng chy, th nghim x kh
2. Tt c cc thit b phi vn hnh tin cy trong iu kin mi trng sau:
a. Nhit mi trng: -10 to +60oC
b. m tng i ti a.: 10 to 100%
3.Ti liu trnh:
182

CH DN K THUT

a. Cc ti liu v vt t yu cu trong h s mi thu

b. Thng s k thut ca Nh sn xut
c. Ch dn lp t
d. Chi tit phi hp v trnh t vn hnh trong trng hp kch hot chung bo
chy/tnh trng ha hon, lp trnh nguyn nhn v kt qu.
4.Bn v chi tit :
a.Cc bn v thi cng phi c c quan phng chy cha chy ph duyt trc
khi tin hnh thi cng.
b. Nh thu phi nhn c ph duyt t c quan phng chy cha chy c
thm quyn i vi bt c thay i no trong vic lp t h thng bo chy so
vi bn v c duyt ban u .
c. Bn v chi tit s bao gm, nhng khng gii hn cc bn v sau:
- Bn v h thng tng th ng b vi s catalog v thng tin i dy. Xc
nh cc b phn, im u ni thng nht vi nhn dng c s dng
trong t in, hp v thit b.
- Mt trc ca t cu ha v t ch th c hin th n, cu dao, nt n bo
chy bng tay,u bo chy v cc thit b khc, c xc nh thng nht vi
bn v.
5. Bn v hon cng nh du trn b bn v mt bng ta nh c ch
th t in, u bo, chung bo chy, n hiu bo chy, tn hiu, h thng
ng lun dy, cc thng tin h thng dy dn, hp u ni v hp u dy.
6. Bo hnh
Cc nh sn xut phi cung cp cc bo hnh chun cho tt c cc sn phm
thuc hp ng. m bo tt c cc nguyn vt liu, thit b, dng c v sn
phm min ph cho cc thit b v sn phm b li trong thi hn thng bo sai
st c xc nh trong hp ng.
7. Sn phm
a. Tun theo cc yu cu chung ca h thng pht hin chy v bo chy
b. Cung cp v lp t h thng bo chy ng b nh nu trong bn v
i dy, u ni v t trong iu kin vn hnh bo chy.
c. Vn hnh bnh thng: Di iu kin gim st thng thng, t iu khin
bo chy khng ku v hin th thi gian, ngy trong tun v ngy hng trn
cng ca bng hin th. Vic mt in iu khin s pht ra tn hiu v h
thng hng bng m thanh v c th tt m thanh c.
d. Pht hin trc trc ca h thng: Khi pht hin thy h thng gp trc trc,
cc chc nng sau ngay lp tc xut hin: Thit b m thanh bn trong h
thng s pht ra m thanh. Khi nhn bit c h thng gp trc trc s lm
tt h thng m thanh bn trong.
e. Trong trng hp bo chy, chung s ku v n tn hiu s bt
f. H thng cng s kt hp vi h thng iu khin thang my
183

CH DN K THUT

F. T IU KHIN BO CHY(FAP)
1. T bo chy c t ti Phng k thut tn hiu ni c nhn vin trc
24/24h. FAP s nhn tn hiu vo v ra v x l mi tn hiu t thit b d la
v im bo bng tay.
2. FAP s cung cp bo chy hin th quang hc v m thanh. FAP c th pht
hin khu vc chy v pht tn hiu bo chy. H thng c th tin hnh vic th
nghim hoc trn ton b h thng hoc ti tng khu vc, v c th duy tr
chc nng y ca vng c th nghim.
3. Khi tn hiu t u bo xut hin ti mt vng hoc nhiu vng, FAP s
phn tch v truyn tn hiu thng qua h thng bo chy v n tn hiu ch th
vng bo chy (t iu khin c th phn tch v truyn tn hiu ngay lp tc
hoc lu gi tn hiu kim tra ty thuc vo loi u bo chy).
4. Ngoi chc nng bo chy, FAP s bo tnh trng trc trc bng tn hiu khc
vi tn hiu chy. Nht l trong trng hp c thng tin sai t u bo chy,
on mch hay trc trc ca t, m thanh v n ch th s c truyn ti t
iu khin cng nh h thng bo chy v n cnh bo cc tng khc nhau.
G. H THNG CP NC V BM CHA CHY
H thng cp nc v bm cha chy tun theo ch dn k thut ca phn II
(Cp thot nc)
H. THIT B NGOI VI
1. u bo chy
a. u bo chy t ng s c lp c nh bng vn.
b. Mi loi u bo chy quy c phi c gn chung. Vic tho u bo chy
s hin th tn hiu cho FAP.
c. gn u bo chy s l loi kha/vn.
d. Tn hiu u bo chy khi nhit gia tng ch bin mt khi c khng nh
vic nhn tn hiu v ci t li t bo chy.
e. u bo chy c th truyn tn hiu bo chy ti FAP thng qua dy dn ti
vng bo v v t bo chy lp li RFAP.
2. Thit b pht hin khi
a. u bo khi phi l loi quang hc quy c s dng cng ngh quang in.
b. u bo khi quang hc phi c kh nng pht hin khi xut pht t la.
c. Cc u bo chy khi quang hc ny c nhy cao, vn hnh bng tc
ng quang in. Mt n LED pht tia hng ngoi v mt Diod quang in
nhn tia hng ngoi phi c ti mi ngn thu khi ca u bo chy khi.
Bnh thng, diod quang in khng nhn tia hng ngoi pht ra t n LED.
Khi khi lan ra t ngn thu khi, cc phn t khi s phn x tia hng ngoi
thnh cc hng khc nhau, mt trong nhng tia s ti diod quang in. Khi
cng m c th cc tia cng nhiu, ngha l diod quang in nhn c
nhiu tia hng ngoi hn. Khi nng khi t ti trn 10%, n bo chy nhn
tn hiu t Diod s ni dng, chuyn tn hiu ti t bo chy.
3. Thit b pht hin nhit
184

CH DN K THUT

a. u bo chy nhit l loi nhy vi mc gia tng nhit quy c.

b. u bo chy nhit nhy vi mc gia tng nhit c kh nng t
phc hi v iu chnh cm bin nhit..
c. Mi u bo chy nhit c 2 mc kch hot, 1 s nng ln khi c nguy c
chy, 1 s nng khi nhit tng cao. Chng c th c s dng pht hin
nhit gia tng nhanh. u bo chy nhit vn hnh ngay khi s thay i
nhit ca mi trng xung quanh vt mc kch hot (10C/pht). B cm
bin nhit gn c nh s hot ng ngay khi nhit mi trng xung quanh
vt qu gii hn quy nh (60C).
4. n thot him v n chiu sng khn cp
Yu cu k thut :
- Phi duy tr mc ri sng ti thiu (2 lumen/m) trong thi gian 2 gi trong lc
hng h thng cp in thng thng.
- Loi c quy ch c cng sut 30 pht . B np c quy cng c cp np
y li c quy trong vng mi hai gi.
- Nt chuyn t ng s c lp chuyn cp in t trng thi bnh thng
sang trng thi cp bng c-quy.
- Nt TH v n ch th AC ON s c ti thit b chiu sng khn cp. Chng
c vn hnh v c th nhn c t bn ngoi vng ri sng c thit lp.
- Trong sut thi gian np, cng ri ca n s khng qu 40% iu kin
cung cp chnh.
5. H thng kt ni
H thng bao gm ph tng, ng tn hiu, cp tn hiu, hp u ni v cc b
phn khc to thnh ng kt ni ca thit b ca h thng bo chy.
6. Loi cp: Cp chng chy ph hp tiu chun IEC s c dng i dy cho
h thng bo chy.
a. Cp tn hiu s l loi cu hnh A.
b. Cp NAC l loi cu hnh loi B.
c. Cp xuyn qua tng, trn nh, mi, v.v s c cung cp cch nhit.
d. ng tn hiu l dng cho u bo chy, dy cp ngun cho bo chy, n
bo chy v im bo chy bng tay.
e. Cp tn hiu s lun qua ng chng chy SPDN16 hoc SPDN20.
f. Tt c cp h thng bo chy l loi chng chy.
11.
THI CNG
A. Lp t
1. Cung cp v lp t h thng ph hp vi bn v v c tnh k thut, quy
phm p dng, quy nh ca cc c quan thm quyn v xut ca nh sn
xut.
2. Tt c dy dn c lp tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh ca TCVN. Khi
hon thnh, nh thu phi xc nhn bng vn bn cho Ch u t. Tt c cc
hp u ni c sn v dn nhn BO CHY. Mu dy s c duy tr
trong sut thi gian lp t.
185

CH DN K THUT

3. Vic lp t thit b v dng c nh hng ti cc cng tc khc s phi

c phi hp cht ch vi cc nh thu ca cng vic .
4. Nh thu phi lm sch bi bn v gch v bn trong v bn ngoi thit b
bo chy sau khi hon tt cng tc lp t.
B. t cp v i dy
1. Vic lp t tt c tt c dy, cp v thit b phi tun theo Quy phm, h
thng tn hiu bo chy v ph hp vi quy phm v tiu chun.
2. Vic i dy ca h thng pht hin chy v bo chy phi tch ring khi h
thng chiu sng v h thng in. .
3. i dy ti bt c thit b iu khin no phi d tip cn m khng phi
tho bt c b phn no ca thit b.
4. Cp bo chy phi c t trong ng PVC chng chy.
12.
TH NGHIM V BN GIAO A VO VN HNH.

1. Th nghim s b : Khi hon tt vic lp t, h thng phi c th hot
ng vn hnh v chc nng gm c th tng thit b thng bo v iu khin.
Th nghim bao gm s tng thch ca dy dn h thng xc nh h
thng khng b ni t, on mch hoc h mch. Th nghim kt ni phi
c tin hnh trc khi lp t thit b bo chy.
2. Th nghim nghim thu
a. Trc khi u in cp v dy, kim tra cc u ni chnh xc v th ngn
mch, tip t, tnh lin tc v cch in.
b. Kim tra hot ng ca cu dao ngt dng.
c. M mch thit b kch hot v kim tra khi ng tn hiu s c.
d. M mch dy tn hiu v kim tra khi ng tn hiu s c.
e. M v ngt mch thit b mch v kim tra khi ng tn hiu s c.
f. Mch thit b kch hot tip t v kim tra vic p li tn hiu s c.
g. Mch dy tn hiu ni t v kim tra vic p li tn hiu s c.
h. Mch thit b ch th ni t v kim tra vic p li tn hiu s c.
k. Kim tra ting v m ca thit b thng bo chy.
l. Kim tra vic lp t, gim st v vn hnh ca tt c b cm bin khi trong
qu trnh th nghim.
m. Mi iu kin bo chy m h thng pht hin c phi c trong h thng.
Kim tra vic tip nhn v x l tn hiu ti T bo chy v kch hot chnh sa
ca im iu khin.
3. Th dy dn
Trc khi ni thit b, tt c cc dy dn phi c th theo cch sau. Kim tra
xem c in th khng d tnh gia cc dy dn mch.Th cch in: m bo
cc dy dn ngoi nhng dy nh ni vi nhau v c cch in hon ton.
4. Th nghim h thng
a. Kim tra thit b iu khin trong iu kin gim st thng thng nh trong
hng dn ca nh sn xut.
186

CH DN K THUT

b. Mi thit b kch hot v ch th ca h thng bo chy v ch th s c.

c.Th nghim s vn hnh ca m-un iu khin xem c p ng thch hp.
d.Th tt c cc thit b cp in s cp.
e.Th tt c cc thit b cp in th cp.
f. Kim tra tng tn hiu th c ghi li ph hp v nhn tn hiu t bo chy
chnh.
g. Th nghim chc nng kim tra cc chi tit kt hp vi cc h thng khc
nh nu v khng nh xem trnh t v logic kt hp ca vic vn hnh c c
lp trnh ph hp khng.
PHN 6 - KT CU
1.
Nhng vn chung
Phm vi ca chng
vi vt liu, chun b thi cng, thi cng v nghim thu thi cng phn Kt cu
cng trnh.
ngoi
2.
Chun b iu kin thi cng

Chun b thi cng
+ Chun b ng vo khu vc s c thi cng.
+ Chun b ng vn chuyn vt liu ti khu vc thi cng;
+ Mt bng phc v thi cng thi cng cn c xc nh c iu kin
thoi mi nht cho cng nhn thi cng. Khu vc thi cng cn c xc nh c
187

CH DN K THUT

th cho mi v tr v theo tng cng tc nhm bo m an ton cho cng nhn

v nhng i tng khc trn cng trng;
thin.
cng tc thi cng (vn thng, cc loi dn gio (c nh, t nng, treo...), knh
bo v, dy eo lng an ton....):
thit b...
3.

- i vi vt t, vt liu c php s dng. V d: Phi quy nh cht ch v vt
t c s dng trong cng tc thi cng. Nhng loi vt t s dng cho h thng
c in c catalogues phi c ch u t ph duyt ra sao v cch lu gi
nhng catalogues ny. Nhng loi vt t khng c catalogues th nu phng
php gi mu, cch nim phong mu v ni lu gi mu.
trnh.
tra vt
4.
Vn chuyn, bc xp v bo qun vt t
188

CH DN K THUT


php s dng.
5.
H s cn c trc khi thi cng

- Bn v v cc yu cu k thut cho cng tc trin khai thi cng, bn thuyt
minh cho cng tc thi cng, bn ch dn thi cng.
tc hon thin.
- Nhng th nghim kim tra bin php an ton khi thi cng vi y xc nhn
ca n v kim tra, nu cn, phi thm s c mt ca c quan qun l nh nc
v an ton ny.
- Bin bn nghim thu cc cng tc trc khi tin hnh cng tc thi cng h
thng c in.
6. Quy trnh phi tun th khi thi cng h thng c in
Cng tc chun b cho thi cng

phn chun b.
- Quy nh v th tc nghim thu cc cng tc chun b trc khi thi cng.
nghim cht lng cng tc thi cng c in, nu cn.
Tin hnh thi cng
thit k bin php thi cng.
- Ph bin v ch dn cho nhng ngi thc hin cng tc thi cng c in v
quy trnh, thao tc tc nghip khi hon thin, nhn mnh s phi hp trong qu
trnh thc hin .
189

CH DN K THUT


+ Cc yu cu v ghi nht k thi cng trong cng tc thi cng;
+ Vai tr gim st tc gi: Gim st tc gi v yu cu ca thit k, v s tun
th kin ca gim st tc gi thng qua k s t vn gim st, quy nh v
trng hp cha nht tr v cht lng gia k s t vn gim st v gim st
tc gi, quy nh v kin chuyn gia nc ngoi (nu cng trnh c chuyn gia
nc ngoi);
Lnh sn xut ca k s thi cng ca nh thu, s chp hnh kin ca k s t
vn gim st.
Bo dng cho cc h thng trc khi bn giao
dng tng ng cho tng cng tc. S tun th cc yu cu k thut trong b
h s mi thu. S tun th ca tc gi thit k trong cng tc bo dng.
Lp h s hon cng nghim thu
hnh.
CHNG 2 - B TNG
.1
NI DUNG :
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu chung c th p dng cho b tng, va, va lng.
.1.1. nh ngha:
i) B tng kt cu l mi loi b tng c s dng trong cng trnh kt cu b
tng ct thp, b tng ng sut trc hoc b tng khng ct thp, n tu
thuc vo ng sut yu cu v ph hp vi cc cu kin chi tit v cc yu
cu v cng ca Ch dn k thut ny.
190

CH DN K THUT

ii) B tng khng chu lc l vt liu ph hp vi Ch dn k thut ny nhng

khng c yu cu v cng v ch s dng lp cc khong trng v cc
mc ch tng t ni khng chu ng sut ng k.
iii) B mt nh hnh l b mt c c cp pha.
iv) B mt t do l b mt ngang hoc gn ngang c lng hoc trt bng bay ti
ct v hon thin theo yu cu.
v) b tng lin quan n b tng trong bt k khun, hc hoc cp pha v.v,
lin quan ti khi lng . lin tc theo phng ng cng lin quan ti
thit b nng.
vi) T l nc / xi mng l t l tnh bng trng lng ca nc t do trong hn
hp c phn tch bng trng lng xi mng trong hn hp. Nc t do l
nc trong hn hp bao gm c nc thm trong ct liu.
.1.2. Cc yu cu chung
Nh thu s a ra tuyn, trc v cao ca cc b mt v cc kt cu khc
nhau v a ra cc mc cao v cc mt ct ch ra cc ranh gii v cao
cho cc cng trnh xy dng. Tt c cc mc cao v cc mt ct v.v, s c
bo v mt cch c hiu qu cho n khi cc cng trnh c nh c hon
thnh.
.1.3. Cc tiu chun tham kho p dng
.1.3.1.Vt liu, mu trn, vn chuyn, , m, bo dng v kim tra b tng tun
theo cc tiu chun ca Vit Nam hin hnh, c b sung mt s tiu chun ca
Hoa K:
.1.3.2.Tiu chun Vit Nam:
TCVN 9393:2012.
Cc phng php th nghim bng ti trng tnh p

dc trc
TCVN 9334:2012
B tng nng - Phng php xc nh cng nn

bng sng bt ny
TCVN 9335:2012
B tng nng Phng php khng ph hoi s

dng kt hp my o siu m v sng bt ny xc
nh cng nn
TCVN 173:1989
Ph gia tng do KDT2 cho va v b tng xy dng
TCXDVN 239:2006
B tng nng - Ch dn nh gi cng trn kt cu

cng trnh
TVXDVN 274:2006
Hn hp b tng trn sn Cc yu cu c bn nh
gi cht lng v nghim thu
TCXD 127:1985
Ct mn lm btng v va xy dng - Hng dn

s dng;
TCVN 1771:1987
dm si-si dm- dng trong xy dng yu cu

k thut;
TCVN 3105:1993.
Hn hp b tng nng v b tng nng - Ly mu, ch

to v bo dng mu th;
TCVN 3118:1993.
B tng nng - Phng php xc nh cng nn ;

191

CH DN K THUT

TCVN 2682:2009
Xi mng Pooclng Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 6260 : 2009
Xi mng Pooclng hn hp Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 4560: 2012
Nc trn btng v va. Yu cu k thut;
TCVN 4745: 2005
Xi mng Danh mc ch tiu v cht lng;
TCVN 7572 : 2006
Ct liu cho b tng v va.
TCXDVN 305:2004
B tng khi ln Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
TCXDVN 308:2003
Ximng poclng hn hp. Phng php xc nh hm

lng ph gia khong
TCXDVN 311:2004
Ph gia khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v

va: Silicafume v tro tru nghin mn
TCXDVN 313:2004
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Hng dn k

thut phng chng nt di tc ng ca kh hu
nng m
TCXDVN 318:2004
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - Hng dn cng

tc bo tr
TCXDVN 325:2004
Ph gia ha hc cho b tng
TCXDVN 329:2004
B tng v va xy dng Phng php xc nh pH
TCXDVN 5574 : 2012
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp Tiu chun thit

k
TCXDVN 360:2005
B tng nng Xc nh thm b tng bng

phng php o in lng
TCXDVN 363:2006
Kt cu b tng ct thp nh gi bn ca cc
b phn kt cu chu un trn cng trnh bng
phng php th nghim cht ti tnh
TCXDVN 376:2006
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php xc nh thi

gian ng kt
TCXDVN 391:2007
B tng Yu cu bo dng m t nhin
TCVN 7570 : 2006
Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut
TCVN 7572: 2006
Ct liu cho b tng v va Phng php th
TCVN 3105:1993
Hn hp b tng nng - Ly mu, ch to, bo dng

mu
TCVN 3106:1993
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php th st
TCVN 3107:1993
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php Vebe xc nh

cng
TCVN 3108:1993
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php xc nh khi

lng ring th tch
TCVN 3109:1993
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php xc nh tch

va v tch nc
TCVN 3110:1979
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php phn tch thnh

phn
192

CH DN K THUT

TCVN 3111:1993
Hn hp b tng nng Phng php xc nh hm

lng bt kh
TCVN 3112:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh khi lng ring
TCVN 3113:1993
Phng php xc nh ht nc
TCVN 3114:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh mi mn
TCVN 3115:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh khi lng th

tch
TCVN 3116:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh khi lng th

tch
TCVN 3117:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh co
TCVN 3118:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh cng nn
TCVN 3119:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh cng ko

khi un
TCVN 3120:1993
B tng nng Phng php th cng ko khi ba
TCVN 5440:1991
B tng - Kim tra nh gi bn Quy nh chung
TCVN 5592:1991
B tng nng Yu cu dng m t nhin
TCVN 5726:1993
B tng nng Phng php xc nh cng lng

tr v modun n hi khi nn tnh
TCVN 5843:1994
My trn b tng 250 lt
TCVN 6052:1995
Gin gio thp
TCXDVN 296:2004
Dn gio Cc yu cu v an ton
TCVN 4055:1985
T chc thi cng
TCVN 4091:1985
Nghim thu cc cng trnh xy dng
TCXDVN 390:2007
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp Quy phm thi

cng v nghim thu
.1.4. trnh trc khi tin hnh cng vic

Trc khi tin hnh cng vic, nhng thng tin/ti liu sau cn phi c
trnh:
i) Nhng yu cu b sung khc lin quan ti bn tnh ton, chi tit ca phng
php thi cng xut, bao gm cc dng my mc thit b, mt bng cng
trng v cc tnh ton lin quan;
ii) Cc tiu chun tham chiu p dng;
iii) Ngun gc v cc c trng ca vt liu b tng, bao gm: xi mng, ct, ;
iv) Ph gia v nc, ct thp v h thng cng trc;
v) Bo co v bn ca b tng, cng khng mui c trong t v nc
ngm;
vi) Thit k hn hp b tng xut, t trng cc thnh phn, v da trn hn
hp th c lm t cc vt liu s c s dng v trn trong trm trn s
c s dng cho sn phm b tng thng thng, cho mi loi b tng;
vii) Thit k thnh phn hn hp s phi km theo, nhng khng gii hn cc d
liu lin quan sau y:
193

CH DN K THUT

Loi v ngun gc ca ximng Portland v bt k loi vt liu c trn

ph v xi mng (x, tro bay hoc khi silica).
Ngun gc ca vt liu ht, cng vi kt qu thch hc tiu chun v cc

th nghim khc v phn ng ca .
Cp phi chi tit, dng bng hoc th, ca ct liu mn, ct liu th.
Cp phi chi tit, dng bng hoc th, ca hn hp ct liu vi chi

tit ca cc thnh phn theo ct liu mn v ct liu th phi hp vi
nhau.
T trng nc ct liu.
T trng nc xi mng.
Kh nng lm vic theo st v h s m nn da trn v tr cui

cng v kch thc ca b tng.
T trng nc xi mng ca nh sn xut trn biu pht trin

cng ca loi xi mng s c s dng.
Loi, s lng v mc ch ca cht ph gia, nu c, v tiu chun cho

vic p dng v th nghim cht ph gia, nu khng c ch nh no
khc;
Hm lng clorua ca vt liu thnh phn, ngoi tr cht ph gia;
Loi, ngun gc v t l % ca bt k loi si tng cng no.
viii) Phng php trn b tng, vn chuyn, ri, m cht v ninh kt;
ix) Chi tit ca mi l trm trn;
x) Qu trnh kim tra cht lng sn phm bao gm phng php ly mu,
phng php th nghim cng nh cc thit b ca phng th nghim hin
trng, din t kinh nghim v s lng cc k thut vin kim sot cht
lng.
.2
VT LIU B TNG
.2.1. Cc iu kin chung

-
Nh thu s cung cp cho T vn gim st y chi tit tt c vt liu m

nh thu d nh s dng cho b tng.
Khng c b tng cc cng trnh c nh m thnh phn vt liu ca n

cha c T vn gim st thng qua.
Cc vt liu c thng qua sau khng c thay th bng vt liu khc

m khng c s ng ca T vn gim st.
.2.2. Xi mng
-
Xi mng s dng s theo ch dn trong bn v, nu khng c s theo s theo

tiu chun Vit Nam.
Xi mng chy t do v khng vn cc. Xi mng phi c cung cp trong cc

bao kn ca nh sn xut hoc xi mng ri. Tt c xi mng s dng trong mt
sn phm c phi cng loi v cng sn xut ti mt nh my.
Xi mng ng bao s c vn chuyn bng phng tin c hiu qu bo v xi

mng khng b nh hng thi tit.
194

CH DN K THUT

Xi mng trong bao s c ct gi trong kt cu chu c thi tit ph hp,

bn trong kh v c thng thong tt mi thi im. Sn s c nng ln
cao hn nn t v c xy dng sn khng b m.
Mi ln giao xi mng bao s c xp chng nhng khng c p vo tng

bin. Nu s dng xe y th chng s c thit k sao cho cc bao xi mng
khng b h hng trong qu trnh bc xp. Khng xp chng xi mng bao cao
qu 3m. Cc loi xi mng bao khc nhau s c phn bit r rng bng cc k
hiu c th nhn thy c v s c bo qun thnh cc ng ring bit.
Xi mng t cc bao b v s khng c s dng trong cc cng trnh c

nh.
Xi mng bao s c s dng theo th t c giao nhn.
Xi mng ri s c cha trong cc sil chu c thi tit v phi c ch dn

r rng v loi xi mng c cha trong . Cc loi xi mng khc nhau s
khng c ln trong cng mt sil.
Nh thu s cung cp cc kho cha c cng sut ti cng trng m

bo rng chng trnh thi cng d kin trc khng b gin on do thiu xi
mng gy nn bi cc yu t ngoi tm kim sot ca nh thu nh giao
thng, cc iu kin thi tit, ngy ngh, hng hc.
Xi mng ng kt, ng cc, hoc khng ng vi tiu chun k thut s

phi chuyn khi cng trng.
Tt c xi mng c s dng trong cc cng trnh c nh s c nh sn

xut hoc nh thu kim tra trong phng th nghim c T vn gim st
thng qua. Chng nhn ca nh sn xut phi th hin rng xi mng tun th
theo cc yu cu ca tiu chun k thut mi kha cnh.
Mi t kim tra c nh sn xut hoc nh thu thc hin s c ly t

khng nhiu hn cng sut trong mt ngy ca mi my sn xut xi mng, v
s c lm trn cc mu ly t xi mng c giao tip theo ti hin trng. C
th la chn, tu thuc vo s ng ca T vn gim st, Tn sut kim tra
l mt t kim tra cho mi 200 tn xi mng c giao ti cng trng t mi
my sn xut xi mng. Xi mng cc i l c ct gi bo qun bng cch
sao cho tt c xi mng c cng chng nhn c th nhn bit c
Xi mng c gi ti cng trng lu hn 1 thng hoc qu 3 thng k t ngy

sn xut s c kim tra li trong phng th nghim c T vn gim st
chp nhn theo t l mt t kim tra cho mi 100 tn v vi khong thi gian
sau hng thng.
Nh thu s ly mu theo ch dn ca T vn gim st. Vic kim tra s bao

gm nhng khng nht thit c xc nh theo :
mn: TCVN 4030:1985
Cng nn p: TCVN 4032:1985
Thi gian ng kt: TCVN 4031:1985
Phn tch ho hc: TCXDVN 141:1985
Xi mng khng tun theo cc tiu chun k thut s khng c s dng trong
cc cng trnh c nh v s phi chuyn ngay khi cng trng.
195

CH DN K THUT

Nh thu s gi ton b cc bin bn ghi cc s liu lin quan ti vic sn xut,

giao hng, th nghim v s dng ca tt c xi mng c s dng trong cc
cng trnh c nh v s cung cp cho T vn gim st hai bn copy.
.2.3. Ct liu cho b tng

i) Yu cu chung
-
Ct liu khng c php c ln cc tp cht gy phn ng c hi vi kim

trong xi mng khng gy ra vic gin n qu mc ca b tng. K s s chp
thun ct liu ht m Nh thu dkin s dng nu Nh thu chng minh c
ct liu khng c ln cc tp cht c hi ny.
Ct liu phi bao gm cc ht dai, cng, bn v khng b dnh cc cht khc.

Nh thu phi chu trch nhim vic khai thc, sn xut vt liu ny p ng
cc yu cu ca ti liu ny. Ba mi ngy trc khi thi cng, Nh thu phi xin
kin T vn gim st v cc ngun ct liu s dng cho php tin hnh
ly mu th nghim. Cng tc th nghim phi c thc hin khi mang n
cng trng, di s chng kin ca T vn gim st. Nh thu phi chu trch
nhim v cht lng ct liu i vi vic sn xut b tng vi cng qui nh
trong sut giai on thi cng.
Cc ct liu ht phi c lu kho trnh b phn tng v nhim bn. Gia

khu vc kho phi trng nhm trnh m vt qu mc cho php. Nu ct
liu b phn tng hoc nhim bn bi cc cht khc trong qu trnh lu kho
hoc vn chuyn s b loi b, di chuyn, ti ch hoc thay th bng cc vt
liu khc c cht lng m bo. Cc ct liu phi c lu kho s lng
m bo khng b gin on trong qu trnh b tng.
Tt c cc ct liu mn v th s c kim tra theo cc tiu chun TCVN

7570 : 2006 Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
Vic chp thun ct liu m Nh thu trnh khng c ngha l s khng c s

thay i nu cc kt qu th nghim ca cc ln ly mu sau chng t mu
khng p ng c cc yu cu ca Ch dn k thut ny.
ii) Ct liu mn
-
Thnh phn ct liu mn cho cp phi b tng phi l ct t nhin c bn,

cng v rn chc cao. Ct liu ht mn c hm lng v c phi sch, khng
ln tp cht, ht st, cc cht hu c v cc cht c hi khc, theo tiu TCVN
7570 : 2006 Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.
Trng hp c bit khi c T vn gim st hoc p ng cc yu cu ca

Ch dn k thut ny, ct liu ht mn s dng cho b tng ct thp phi c
ra bng nc sch.
iii) Ct liu ht th
-
Ngun cung cp ct liu ht th phi c s ph chun v chp thun ca K

strc khi chuyn vt liu n cng trng.
Ct liu ht th phi l loi ct liu nghin dng cho cng tc b tng ct

thp v b tng khng ct thp. Ct liu ny phi c cp phi ng u, ng
nht, sch, khng c vt liu ngoi lai, t, cht hu c, kali v cc cht c hi
196

CH DN K THUT

khc theo tiu chun TCVN 7570 : 2006 Ct liu cho b tng v va - Yu cu
k thut.
-
Ch c dng mt tiu chun c ht i vi tt c cc ngun cung cp ct liu

th.
T vn gim st c th yu cu sng li ct liu m bo thnh phn ht

theo yu cu hoc ra ct liu nu thy khng sch hoc c th loi b bt k
vt liu no nu thy khng ph hp vi cc yu cu ca Ch dn k thut ny
.2.4. Nc cho b tng v va

-
Nghim cm nh thu s dng nc bin bt c cng on no trong qu

trnh trn v bo dng b tng, va, va lng.
Nc trn b tng hoc va v bo dng s khng vt qu hm lng

nhim bn sau :
Tng sulphates, kim carbonates v bicarbonates < 1000 mg/l
Nat ri
Huyn ph
Cc cht rn khng ho tan khc
< 500 mg/l

< 2000 mg/l
< 2000 mg/l
PH ca nc s trong khong 6 n 8.
Nc c s dng trong trn v bo dng s c kim tra bng phng

php c m t trong TCXDVN 302:2004 Nc trn b tng v va Yu cu
k thut.
Nc s c cha trong cc b cha khng nhim bn. Cc b s c che

trnh nh nng trc tip ca mt tri. Khng s dng nc nhit ln
hn 40oC trn v bo dng b tng.
.2.5. Cht ph gia

i) Cc yu cu chung
-
Vic s dng cht ph gia trong b tng c th c yu cu trong hp ng

c c cc tnh cht c bit cho b tng hoc c th c nh thu xut
h tr tun theo yu cu k thut.
Cht ph gia s theo TCXDVN 325:2004 Ph gia ha hc cho b tng v

TCXDVN 311:2004 Ph gia khong hot tnh cao dng cho b tng v va:
Silicafume v tro tru nghin mn
Trong mi trng hp nh thu s trnh y mi chi tit ca cht ph gia m

nh thu xut s dng v phng thc m theo nh thu xut a
thm vo hn hp, trc t nht 28 ngy trc khi bt u thi cng kt cu c
bit m nh thu d nh s dng cc cht ph gia ny.
Cung cp cc thng tin bao gm:
Liu lng tiu chun v cc tc ng bt li ca qu liu hoc khng

liu
Tn ho hc ca thnh phn hot tnh chnh trong cht ph gia
Cht ph gia c hoc khng c cht kim c th hin bng phn trm
trng lng ca cht ph gia
197

CH DN K THUT

Liu cc cht ph gia c dn n vic to bt kh khi c s dng theo liu

lng hng dn ca nh sn xut hay khng, v nu c ti mc no.
Cc tc ng trong thi hn di hoc ngn ca cht ph gia trn b tng

bao gm cc tc ng ca cc loi khc nhau hoc xi mng v .
Thi hn bo qun.
Bin php an ton trong qun l.
Tnh tng hp vi cc cht ph gia khc.
Ph hp vi cc tiu chun.
Hm lng ion kim trong bt c cht ph gia no khng c vt qu 0.03%

phn trm tnh bng trng lng ca xi mng trong hn hp.
Cht ph gia s khng c trn ln vi nhau m khng c s ng ca T

vn gim st.
ii) Cht ph gia siu do

-
Nu bn v quy nh hoc sau c T vn gim st cho php s dng,

cht ph gia siu do s c th c s dng.
Ph gia tng do phi l chng loi c T vn gim st chp thun v tun

th cc yu cu c qui nh trong TCXD 173-1989. Nh thu phi chu trch
nhim hon ton trong vic s dng ph gia tng do, tun th cht ch cc ch
dn ca Nh sn xut, v c kim tra trc c k s ph duyt.
Ph gia tng do khng c php s dng ng thi vi cc cht ph gia khc

trong cng mt cp phi tr khi c s chp thun ca K s. Hm lng cht
lng trong ph gia phi c xem xt trong vic xc nh t l nc/ xi mng
ca trong thit k cp phi.
Phi tin hnh cc th nghim ban u v cng mu b tng hnh tr v

cc th nghim khc cho tt c cc loi b tng c cht ph gia. Khi T vn
gim st chp thun thay i nhn hiu hoc chng loi xi mng,
Nh thu phi tin hnh cc th nghim b sung v thit k mt cp phi tng

ng.
Clo-rua calxi hay cc cht ph gia c cha clo-rua calxi khng c php s
dng.
T vn gim st c quyn t chi s dng cht ph gia siu do cho cc kt cu

c bit
iii) Cc cht d gia cng

-
Tu thuc vo s ng ca T vn gim st, nh thu s s dng cht ph gia

tr gip cho vic p ng cc yu cu ca tiu chun k thut hoc tr gip
cho b tng.
Cc tc nhn lm d gia cng khng c c tc ng bt li cho cc c tnh

ca b tng. Nu gy ra gim cng ca b tng Nh thu s gim t l
nc / ximng hoc tng hm lng xi mng hoc c hai.
.2.6. Cc thnh phn khc lm cng b mt

-
Ph gia tng cng b mt c s dng tun theo ch dn v catalogue ca nh

sn xut.
198

CH DN K THUT

Nh thu s trnh y mi chi tit ca cht ph gia m nh thu xut s

dng v phng thc thi cng nh thu xut, trc t nht 28 ngy trc khi
bt u thi cng kt cu m nh thu d nh s dng cc cht ph gia ny.
.2.7. Hm lng tng Clo v sulphate

Hm lng Clo tng cng pht sinh t tt c cc thnh phn trong hn hp bao
gm xi mng, nc v cc cht ph gia s khng vt qu cc gii hn di
y, c th hin bng ion Clo v v bng phn trm ca trng lng xi mng
trong hn hp :
-
Cho b tng d ng lc, b tng c bo dng bng hi nc hoc b tng

chu sulphate hoc xi mng Pooc lng chu sulphate : 0.05 %.
Cho mi loi b tng ct thp 0.15% trong 95% ca tt c kt qu th nghim

vi iu kin khng c kt qu no ln hn 0.3%.
Tng hm lng sulphate c th hin bng SO3 ca tt c cc thnh phn

trong hn hp bao gm c xi mng, nc v cht ph gia s khng vt qu
4.0% trng lng xi mng trong hn hp.
.3
TNH TON HN HP B TNG
.3.1. Tnh ton hn hp

Nh thu s tnh ton cc hn hp m nh thu d nh s dng trong cc cng
trnh c nh t c d gia cng chp nhn c v chng phn tng
trong qu trnh vn chuyn v . Nh thu phi trnh y cc chi tit v
hn hp m nh thu xut s dng cho K s. Cc hn hp cng phi tun
th theo cc yu cu sau:
-
Ct liu s c phn loi tt t c kch thc tiu chun ln nht xung kch
thc 150 micron
Hm lng xi mng s c ch ra trong bng 2.9-2, tr khi hm lng xi

mng cao hn cn thit p ng yu cu v cng .
T l nc/xi mng cn t mc ti thiu c th trn c nhng

trong bt k trng hp no cng khng c php ln hn mc nu trong
bng 2.9-2 tnh c lng nc thm trong ct liu. Nh thu phi ch rng
yu cu ny c th cn n s tham gia ca ph gia d gia cng trong hn hp.
Tnh d gia cng c th bao gm c d v m c xt n s c mt ca

ct thp v cc chi tit chn sn.
Cng chu nn 28 ngy nh c xc nh theo iu khon ph 2.9.5-3

khng c thp hn cng trung binh ti thiu qui nh.
.3.2. Hn hp th bng khi mu lp phng 150mm

-
Vi mi hn hp b tng, vi s c mt ca i din ca T vn gim st nh

thu s chun b 3 m b tng ring r s dng cc vt liu c thng qua
s dng cho cc cng trnh c nh v my trn m nh thu d nh s
dng cho cc cng trnh c nh.
6 khi mu kim tra s c c t mi m.
Trn, bo dng, v kim tra tt c cc khi mu kim tra s tun theo cc

yu cu ca TCVN 3105:1993. st ca va b tng c tin hnh theo
TCVN 3106:1993 v s c ghi li.
199

CH DN K THUT

3 mu t mi m s c kim tra cng nn p 7 ngy v 3 mu cn li

28 ngy.
T trng ca cc khi mu s c xc nh trc khi c kim tra nn.
Cng 28 ngy s c xc nh bng gi tr trung bnh ca cng nn

v ca 9 khi mu c kim tra 28 ngy.
Nu cng 28 ngy c xc nh nh trn nh hn cng trung bnh

nh nht yu cu, hn hp s phi c iu chnh cho ph hp.
Nu iu chnh thnh phn ct liu khng lm tng cng , t l nc xi mng

s c gim xung.
Nu sau cn thit phi tng tnh d gia cng vic s chp nhn s dng
ph gia tng do. Tng hm lng xi mng thng khng c chp nhn.
Nh thu s tin hnh cc th nghim kim tra co ngt kh ca b tng.
Nu T vn gim st khng ng vi hn hp b tng xut v bt c l do

g nh thu s sa li xut ca mnh v tip tc tin hnh trn th thm.
Khng hn hp no c s dng trong cc cng trnh c nh m khng c
T vn gim st ng bng vn bn.
Da trn cc kt qu th nghim trn cc hn hp trn th, nh thu s trnh

cho T vn gim st y chi tit xut v tnh ton hn hp bao gm loi,
ngun gc ca cc thnh phn, t l xut ca mi hn hp v kt qu th
nghim trn cc hn hp th.
.3.3. Gim st cht lng sn xut b tng (khi mu 150mm)

-
Vi mi loi b tng khi sn xut ti mi my trn b tng s dng trong

cc cng trnh c nh, cc mu b tng c ly ngay ti im trn hoc im
theo nh T vn gim st ch dn v vi s c mt ca i din ca T vn
gim st, tt c phi tun theo trnh t ly mu c m t trong TCVN
3105:1993.
st ca mi mu c tin hnh theo TCVN 3106:1993 s c xc nh ti

thi im ly mu.
Cc mu s c ly trn c s 1 mu cho 20m3 b tng c nhng trong

bt c trng hp no cng khng t hn 1 mu /ngy hoc cho mi ln tu
theo iu kin no thng xuyn hn.
3 khi mu th lp phng 150mm, m c ly mu, lu tr v kim tra

theo TCVN 3105:1993 s c t mi mu trn, bo dng v kim tra nh
c nu ra trong TCVN 3118:1993
2 khi mu s c kim tra ti 7 ngy v 2 khi mu s c kim tra ti 28

ngy.
Cng trung bnh ca 2 khi mu c nn v 28 ngy s c qui vo

mt kt qu kim tra.
B tng s c coi l p ng yu cuv cng nu c hai yu cu trn

c tho mn: Cng trung bnh c xc nh t bt k nhm no trong 4
kt qu lin tip (4 khi mu) vt qu cng c trng yu cu.
.3.4. Khng p ng yu cu
200

CH DN K THUT

Nh thu s theo mi hot ng ch dn ca T vn gim st phc hi b

tng khng p ng cc yu cu k thut.
Cc cng vic ny c th bao gm nhng khng nht thit cc cng vic c

xc nh di y:
.4
iu chnh cc thnh phn hn hp cho n khi b tng tr li p ng c

cc yu cu k thut.
Ct cc li th nghim t b tng khng t cht lng v kim tra theo tiu

chun TCVN 3118:1993
Tin hnh cc cng tc b xung khc phc c tc ng ca b tng

khng t cht lng.
Hy b b tng khng t cht lng.
Tng s ln ly mu cho n khi vic kim sot c lp li.
TRN B TNG
-
Trc khi bt k my ong, trn, vn chuyn, , m, v hon thin b tng

no c t hng hoc a ti hin trng, nh thu phi trnh cho T vn
gim st ton b cc chi tit bao gm c cc bn v ca tt c cc my m
nh thu d nh s dng v b tr cho sn xut.
B tng cho cc cng trnh c nh ti mi cng trnh s c cn ong v trn

trong mt hoc nhiu my trung tm tr khi T vn gim st ng vi mt s
b tr khc.
Cc my ong v my trn phi l loi thit b hin i c hiu qu tun th

cc yu cu cht lng ca b tng v c kh nng lm cho thnh phn c
phn b ng u trong ton khi vt liu. t trn b tng s khng c s
dng tr khi c T vn gim st ng , nu c s dng th chng phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu k thut.
Tr khi T vn gim st ng nu khng mi my trn s phi c kim tra

tnh bin ng trn trc khi c s dng trn b tng cho cc cng trnh
c nh.
Tt c cc hot ng trn s phi nm di s kim sot ca mt ngi gim

st c kinh nghim.
Cc thng cha ct liu s c cung cp vi cc thit b thot nc c b

tr sao cho nc thot khng b chy ti cc phu cn. Mi thng s c ly
xung t nht mt tun mt ln v loi b ht bn v ph sa tch lu trong
thng.
Xi mng v s c xc nh bng cn, nc c xc nh bng trng lng

hoc th tch.
Trng lng ca xi mng v ca mi kch thc ct liu c xc nh bng c

cu c s dng trong khong dung sai + hoc - 2% trng lng mong mun
trn mi m khi c T vn gim st ng .
Nh thu s cung cp cc trng lng kim tra tiu chun t nht tng ng
vi ti trng lm vic ln nht c s dng trn cc cn trng lng ln nht
v cc thit b ph tr khc kim tra hot ng ph hp ca mi cn hoc
201

CH DN K THUT

thit b o m khc. Cc th nghim s c nh thu thc hin vi khong

thi gian gin cch m T vn gim st quyt nh v vi s chng kin ca K
s t vn. Nhm mc ch tin hnh nhng th nghim ny, s c mt li cho
ngi i c th d dng tip cn c phu cn. Nh thu s cung cp cho T
vn gim st cc bn copy ca ton b cc kt qu ca tt c cc th nghim
kim tra v s thc hin mi iu chnh, sa cha v thay th cn thit m
bo thc hin vic vn hnh tt.
-
Khng c vt qu cng sut thng quay tiu chun ca my trn. Tc

quay v thi gian trn s theo nh kin ngh ca nh sn xut, nhng hn na
khi nc l thnh phn cui cng a vo, cng tc trn s tip tc vi khong
thi gian do nh sn xut kin ngh hoc t nht 1 pht sau khi tt c nc
c a vo thng quay.
Nu T vn gim st c l do nghi ng s ph hp ca cng tc trn, T

vn gim st c th ch nh cc th nghim v s thay i.
Cc li ca cc my trn kiu thng s gi trong khong dung sai c nh

sn xut my trn quy nh v cc li s c thay th khi khng th gi c
trong khong dung sai bng cch iu chnh.
Cc my trn s c lp thit b ghi t ng ghi li s m c trn.
Nc c b xung trong hn hp s c gim i mt lng bng lng nc

t do cha trong th v nh. Lng nc ny s c nh thu xc nh
bng phng php c T vn gim st ng ngay trc khi bt u cng
tc trn mi ngy v sau theo ch dn ca T vn gim st. Khi lng nc
chnh xc c xc nh nh trong tiu chun k thut, c b sung vo
hn hp, khng c b sung thm nc trong qu trnh trn hoc sau . Sau
khi trn trong thi gian cn thit, mi m phi c ly hon ton ra khi my
trn trc khi bt k vt liu no ca m sau c a vo.
Cc my trn m khng lm vic trong thi gian lu hn 30 pht s c ra

sch trc khi trn b tng mi v sau m b tng u tin qua my trn s
ch gm mt na lng th tiu chun. M ny s c trn lu hn 1 pht
so vi thi gian tiu chun cho mt m bnh thng.
Cc my trn s c ra sch trc khi thay i loi xi mng khc hoc hn

hp loi khc.
.5
.6
VN CHUYN B TNG
-
B tng s c ly t cc my trn v vn chuyn ti cng trnh bng cc

phng tin trnh pha trn, phn tng hoc hao ht cc thnh phn v s m
bo rng b tng c d gia cng cn thit ti im v thi gian . S
gim st gia b tng c ly ra t my trn v s khng c vt
qu 25mm.
Thi gian xen k gia trn v mt m b tng s phi ngn nht c th

thc hin cv trong mi trng hp khng c lu hn thi gian cho php
hon thnh v m trc khi bt u t u tin.
Nu bt k m b tng no b chm sau thi gian ny b tng s khng

c php trong cc cng trnh c nh.
B TNG
202
CH DN K THUT

.6.1.
ng b tng
Trc khi bt u cng tc b tng, nh thu s trnh cho T vn gim st
thng qua mt bn Trnh by bin php ch ra cc chi tit ca thit b m
nh thu d nh s dng, qui trnh v trnh t thc hin m nh thu xut
cho cng vic.
.6.2.
Chun b b mt cho b tng
Trc khi b tng, b mt s c lm sch, cng, v trong tnh trng tt v

nu theo T vn gim st l cn thit phi lm t m khng nc ng t
do.
Bt k dng nc no chy vo trong ni o s c chuyn hng qua rnh

bn ph hp ti cc h thu nc, hoc c chuyn i bng bin php thch hp
khc trnh lm tri mt b tng mi hoc bt c thnh phn no khc ca
n. Bt k rnh ngm no c thi cng cho mc ch ny u phi trt li bng
va khi n khng cn cn thit cho bin php c T vn gim st thng qua
na.
Nu T vn gim st yu cu b mt bng m trn s b tng s c

mt lp va lt c trn theo t l tng t vi cc thnh phn nh trong
b tng chun b . Va c trc b tng. Va phi lm vic tt vi mi
phn ca b mt o v dy khng t hn 5mm.
Lng va c ti mt thi im bt k s c gii hn va khng b

kh hoc ng kt trc khi b tng.
.6.3.
Qui trnh b tng
B tng s c cng gn v tr cui cng ca n cng tt. B tng s

c trnh phn tng v lm x dch ct thp, cc chi tit chn sn hay
cp pha. B tng s c thnh tng lp song song vi mt ni thi cng v
dy khng vt qu 50cm so vi chiu dy m tr khi c ch dn khc ca T
vn gim st, nhng chiu dy ca cc lp s khng nh hn 4 ln kch thc
tiu chun ln nht ca ct liu.
Cc lp c khng to nn cc mp g, cng khng c trn mt

lp trcm bt u ng kt. ph hp vi yu cu ny, mt lp c th
c bt u trc khi hon thnh lp trc .
Tt c b tng trong mt khoang hay mt m c theo mt qu trnh

lin tc. B tng s c lm cn thn xung quanh tt c cc vt cn, cc v
tr khng u trong cc mng v nh vy tt c cc phn u c y b
tng m k hon ton m khng b phn tng hoc r t ong. Cng cn phi
lm cn thn xung quanh v gia cc ni ngn nc, ct thp, cc chi tit
thp chn sn v cc chi tit tng t nh ln trn b mt.
Tt c cc cng tc s c hon thnh trn mi m b tng trc khi b

tng bt u ng cng v sau b tng s khng b nh hng trc khi
ng cng. Khng s dng b tng b ng cng mt phn trong qu trnh
vn chuyn cc cng trnh c nh v vic vn chuyn b tng t my trn
ti ni s sao cho ph hp cc yu cu.
Khng c b tng khi tri ma to hoc ko di lm tri va n

ct liu th trn mt h ca b tng mi . Cc phng tin s c cung cp
203

CH DN K THUT

loi b ht lng nc tch t trn b mt ca b tng c . B tng s

khng c trong nhng ni tch t nc nh vy. B tng m va b ra
tri s b loi b v chuyn ra khi cng trng.
-
Trong iu kin thi tit kh phi che ph tt c cc b mt b tng mi

khi khng lm vic bn trn. Khng c b sung nc vo trong b tng v
bt c l do g trong khi vn chuyn t my trn m hoc trong khi b tng
vo v tr.
Khi b tng c trn v tr cui cng ca n, phi bo v trnh phn

tng bng cch s dng cc mng, ng thot, rnh tiu, vch ngn hoc cc
thit b thch hp khc.
Cc vn khun cho tng, ct v cc thit din mng c chiu cao ng k s

c b tr cc ca mhoc thit b khc cho php b tng c theo cch
chng c s phn tng v tch t b tng ng cng trn cp pha hoc ct
thp bn trn ct ca b tng c .
Khi cn thit b tng di nc nh thu s trnh T vn gim st cc

xut cho bin php v thit b s dng.
B tng s c hoc bng ng phu b tng di nc ng ny lun

c gi y b tng n cao cao trn mt nc v s c y x c lp
ca sp v ngp trong b tng lm gim ti thiu tip xc ca b tng vi
nc. Cn c bit ch trnh phn tng.
Nu b tng trong cc ng b tng di nc c php a xung ti mc

m nc vo c ng, phn cn li s c chuyn khi phu v c lp
bng b tng trc khi li h thp vo trong v tr . Trong v sau khi b
tng di nc, bm v thot nc nhng vng k cn xung quanh s
ngng li nu c bt k nguy him no l cc cng tc nh vy slm nh
hng ti b tng mi .
.6.4.
Gin on b tng
Nu b tng b gin on do bt c l do no v thi gian gin on khng

th xc nh trc hoc c th b ko di, nh thu s ngay lp tc thc hin
cc hot ng cn thit to mt mi ni thi cng loi b nhiu nht c
th cc g mp kiu then v to dc mt trn v m k b tng c
ph hp. Tt c cc cng vic v b tng s c hon thnh trong khi b
tng vn cn do v sau khng c gy nh hng n b tng cho n
khi b tng cng chng li h hng.
Thit b v vt liu ph hp vi yu cu s sn sng trong sut thi gian b

tng.
Trc khi b tng c bt u li sau gin on , nh thu s loi b v

chuyn i tt c b tng b h hng hoc cha m, cc g mp kiu then
hoc cc hnh dng khng mong mun khc v s li mt b mt cng
sch m trn c th b tng mi.
Nu c th bt u b tng li m khng mu thun vi cc tiu chun k

thut v T vn gim st ng bt u li, b tng mi s c lm li v
m trn b tng hin c loi b bt c mi ni ngui no.
.6.5.
Kch thc khun

204
CH DN K THUT

Tr khi c c T vn gim st ng khc, cc khun s khng cao qu

2m v c chiu dy cng ng u cng tt trn din tch mt bng ca khun
.
Nh thu s d kin kch thc ca cc khun sao cho ng sut nhit v ng

sut co ngt nh nht.
.6.6.
Trnh t
Nh thu s b tr tt nht c th khong thi gian gin cch gia nhng

ln b tng ln k tip nhau trong mt b phn ca cc cng trnh c nh
l khong thi gian nh nhau.
Khi T vn gim st yu cu phi gii hn khe h ca mi ni thi cng do co

ngt, b tng khng c trn b tng k cn c t nht 21 ngy tui
tr cc lp ng.
Khi bn v ch ra cc khe thi cng trong b tng, cc khe ny c rng v v

tr c th hin trong bn v v cc khe ny khng c lp cho n khi
ht ton b khong thi gian c yu cu trn bn v.
.6.7.
m b tng
B tng s c m k trn ton b lp . B tng s c lm k ni p

st cp pha v xung quanh bt k ct thp hoc chi tit chn sn no m khng
lm x dch chng. Cn c bit ch cc phn nh ln v cc khng gian b
gii hn khc. Cc lp tip theo ca cng mt khun s c lm k vi
nhau.
B tng s c m vi s tr gip ca my m di c kh tr khi T vn

gim st ng bin php khc.
My m di c kh s hot ng vi tn s khong 7.000 n 10.000 vng

/pht. Nh thu s m bo rng cc my m c hot ng ti p lc v
in th khng nh hn ch dn ca nh sn xut khng gim kh nng
m.
Phi c s lng my m hot ng ton b b tng c m

thi gian v hn na cn c cc my m d phng sn sng s dng ti
mi ni ang b tng.
Khi b tng c ct liu kch thc 75 mm hoc ln hn, s s dng my m c

ng knh 100mm hoc ln hn.
m s c tip tc s dng cho n khi b tng ngng rt xung, mt lp

va mng xut hin trn bmt v cc bt kh khng cn xut hin. Khng c
s dng cc my m di chuyn b tng theo phng ngang v rt ra t t
khng to nn cc khong trng. Khng c truyn dao ng m qua ct
thp v cng khng c my m tip xc vi ct thp hoc cc chi tit
chn sn khc. Cc my m s c a vo b tng theo phng ng
thm nhp vo lp bn di cc khong cch qui nh m khng c vt
qu khong cch m t my m pha trn c th nhn thy tc ng ca
m.
.7
.7.1.
BO DNG B TNG
Cc yu cu chung
205

CH DN K THUT

B tng s c bo v trong giai on ng cng u tin khng b hao ht

m v chnh lch nhit trong b tng to ra nt. Bin php c s
dng bo dng s phi khng gy h hi cho bt k loi b tng no.
Cng tc bo dng s c tip tc lu ti mc cn thit c th t c

cc mc ch trn nhng trong mi trng hp t nht trong 7 ngy hoc cho
n khi b tng c ph bng thi cng sau tu theo ci no thi gian ngn
hn.
Qu trnh bo dng s bt u ngay khi b tng cng chu c h hng

trong qu trnh, v trong trng hp din tch rng hoc cc khun ni tip,
vic bo dng s bt u t khu vc hon thnh ca khun trc khi
phn cn li ca khun c hon thnh.
Cc chi tit trong xut ca nh thu cho cng tc bo dng b tng s

c trnh cho T vn gim st trc khi bt u cng tc b tng trong cc
cng trnh c nh.
.7.2.
Hao ht m
Cc b mt b tng h s c che y cn thn bng tm ph chng thm,

c bo v chc chn trnh b di chuyn do gi v xut hin cc khong
khng kh bn di n. Cc im ni ca cc tm ph c chng ln nhau t
nht 30mm.
Nu v l do no khng th s dng tm ph khng thm , nh thu s gi

mt h t lin tc bng bin php phun nc hoc ph bng vt liu thm
nc lun c gi m.
Nc s dng cho cng tc bo dng s c cng cht lng nh nc c

s dng trn b tng.
B mt c nh hnh c th c bo dng bng cch gi nguyn vn

khun ti ch trong mt khong thi gian cn thit v gi cho vn khun t.
Nu s dng cc bin php trn l khng thch hp, b mt b tng m khng

cn c lin kt vi b tng khc na v khng c lm lp hon thin m c
th c bo dng bng cch ri mt hp cht bo dng. Hp cht bo
dng s cha mt cht mu khng bn din tch lp ri c th nhn thy
c d dng.
Hp cht bo dng c s dng trn b mt h ngoi tri khi c T

vn gim st ch dn, s phi cha vy nhm c lm nh dng nh tng
to ra mt lp ph b mt bng lp hon thin kim loi khi sdng vi t
l theo kin ngh ca nh sn xut.
Hp cht bo dng phi n nh, khng thm hi nc t b mt b tng

trong 60 pht ri. Vt liu s khng phn ng ho hc vi b tng v s khng
nt, trc mt, phn hu trong 3 tun sau khi ri.
Hp cht bo dng s khng c ri trong cc mi ni thi cng hoc b mt

b tng s c lin kt vi b tng tip theo.
Nu c T vn gim st ch dn, b xung vi cc qui nh v bo dng nu

ra trn, nh thu s cung cp mt hnh thc che chn bo v b mt b
206

CH DN K THUT

tng khng b tc ng trc tip ca nh nng mt tri t nht trong 4 ngy

u ca thi gian bo dng.
.7.3.
Gii hn chnh lch nhit
Nh thu s phi gii hn s pht trin chnh lch nhit trong b tng sau
khi bng bt k bin php
thch hp no vi iu kin khi c T vn gim st chp nhn v s bao gm

mt s hoc ton b cc im sau:
.8
S dng xi mng to nhit chm tu thuc s ng ca T vn gim st.
Cch nhit b mt b tng h bng tm cch nhit. Cc tm ny c dn

nhit C nh hn 1.0 W/m2 oC.
li cp pha trong qu trnh bo dng b tng. Cc cp pha thp s

c cch nhit mt cch ph hp vi bn ngoi.
Chng to nhit nhanh trn b mt bng cc tm chn gi.
Trnh s dng phun nc khi bin php ny c th lm ngui nhanh b mt.
Che chn b mt b tng trong nhng m tri quang ngoi tri.
BO QUN B TNG TI
B tng mi s c bo v khi ma ro v nc chy trn b mt cho n

khi cng chng li c nhng h hng do nguyn nhn ny.
Khng cho php i li trn b mt b tng ny cho n thi gian cng

chu c h hng do giao thng i li ny gy ra.
B tng c s khng chu bt k ti trng kt cu no cho n khi t c

t nht l cng trung bnh nh nht theo qui nh
Nu nh thu mun t ti trng kt cu trn b tng mi , nh thu s phi

lm t nht 3 khi mu th nghim v bo dng trong cng mt iu kin nh
b tng c ly mu. Cc khi mu ny s c kim tra n chic khong
gin cch ph hp c tnh thi gian ti t c cng trung bnh
nh nht. dng. Hp cht bo dng s cha mt cht mu khng bn
din tch lp ri c th nhn thy c d dng.
Hp cht bo dng c s dng trn b mt h ngoi tri khi c T

vn gim st ch dn, s phi cha vy nhm c lm nh dng nh tng
to ra mt lp ph b mt bng lp hon thin kim loi khi s dng vi t
l theo kin ngh ca nh sn xut.
Hp cht bo dng phi n nh, khng thm hi nc t b mt b tng

trong 60 pht ri. Vt liu skhng phn ng ho hc vi b tng v s khng
nt, trc mt, phn hu trong 3 tun sau khi ri.
Hp cht bo dng s khng c ri trong cc mi ni thi cng hoc b mt

b tng s c lin kt vi b tng tip theo.
Nu c T vn gim st ch dn, b xung vi cc qui nh v bo dng nu

ra trn, nh thu s cung cp mt hnh thc che chn bo v b mt b
tng khng b tc ng trc tip ca nh nng mt tri t nht trong 4 ngy
u ca thi gian bo dng.
207

CH DN K THUT

.9
MI NI THI CNG
Bt c khi no b tng lin kt vi b tng khc ng cng , b mt lin kt

gia cc mt ct s c coi l mt mi ni thi cng. Hnh dng ca cc mi
ni s c lm nh c ch ra trong AASHTO-M153.
Cc mi ni thi cng c th hin trn bn v ti v tr no, nh thu s phi

to cc mi ni thi cng theo ng cc v tr . V tr ca cc mi ni m nh
thu yu cu cho mc ch thi cng s tu thuc vo s ng ca T vn
gim st v cc chi tit s phi c trnh. V tr chnh xc ca cc mi ni
thi cng s phi trnh T vn gim st t nht 4 tun trc khi bt u thi cng
cc b phn cng trnh c lin quan. Cc mi ni thi cng s l cc mt bng
theo chiu ng hoc chiu ngang tr trng hp cc sn dc ni m chng
phi vung gc vi cc mt h hay l ni m bn v yu cu b tr khc.
Cc mi ni thi cng s c b tr sao cho gim thiu cc tc ng ca co

ngt ca b tng sau khi , v s c v tr ti u c xem xt ti ng
sut trong kt cu v s cn thit ca cc mi ni so le.
Trnh cc cnh b tng dng then ti cc mi ni v bt k cnh dng then no

m c th to nn ni m cc thanh ct thp xuyn qua mi ni s c ct
cho n ti b tng cng.
Cc ch giao nhau ca cc mi ni ngang hoc gn ngang v cc b mt b

tng h s th hin nh cc trc thng c to ra bng cch s dng mt
thanh dn c lp vo vn khun ti nh ca lp b tng hoc bng bin
php khc c T vn gim st ng .
Cc mi ni thi cng c nh hnh nh mt mt t do s khng vt qu

dc 20% so vi phng nm ngang.
Cc b mt ca b tng mi trong cc mi ni ngang hoc gn ngang s

c lm sch k v to nhm bng bin php nc p sut cao v phun kh khi
b tng cng chu s l m khng b mt i xi mng. B mt ca cc
mi ni ng hoc gn ng s c s l tng t nu iu kin cho php d
cp pha ti thi im thch hp.
u b tng tr nn qu cng x l trn c hiu qu, b mt hoc

c nh hnh hoc t do sc to th nhm ton b bng bin php c kh
hoc thi ct t v sau ra bng nc sch. To kha rng ca to nhm
phi su khng nh hn 10mm v khng c m rng gn qu 40mm ti b
mt c hon thin.
Khng va hoc b tng v tr trn hoc p vo mi ni thi cng cho n

khi mi ni c T vn gim st kim tra v thng qua.
.9.1. Cc mi ni gin n, co ngt

Khng p dng
.9.2. Chn nc
Mi lin quan ti chn nc k c chn va.

208

CH DN K THUT

Chn nc s l vt liu v c dng c th hin trn bn v v/ hoc nh

c ch ra trong catalogue sn phm trnh.
Khng c mang vt liu chn nc vo cng trng cho n khi nh thu

trnh y chi tit ca vt liu m nh thu d nh s dng, k c cc
mu v c T vn gim st thng qua. Tt c cc mu s phi c chiu di
thch hp cho kim tra.
Chn nc c lm t vt liu chu Clo, sulphate, hoc cc cht c hi khc c

th xut hin trong mi trng ca cc cng trnh c nh.
Chn nc bng cao su c th l cao su t nhin hoc nhn to v c dn

di ti gii hn bn t nht l 500% ti 25 C v c kh nng d dng dn
ngang t nht 50mm.
Chn nc Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) s c ly t PVC polymer hoc

copolymer do ho khng hon ton khng cha bt k PVC ti ch hoc ph
thi no. Chn nc bng PVC s c dn di ti gii hn bn t nht l 220%
ti 25 C di ng sut ko 60kg/cm2 v c kh nng d dng dn ngang t
nht 50mm.
Chn nc s c cung cp theo vi chiu di ln nht c th p ng

cc yu cu s dng v thi cng.
Cc mi ni bng vt liu do hoc bng cao su tr cc mi ni i u s

c nh sn xut cung cp dng lm sn. Cc mi ni i u s c lm
ti hin trng tun theo ch dn ca nh sn xut v bng thit b do nh sn
xut cung cp cho mc ch ny.
Vt liu chn nc s c ct gi bo qun cn thn trnh h hng hoc

nhim du, m, hoc cc nhim khc. Chn nc bng cht do hoc cao su
s c bo qun ni thng thong tt v mt, trnh nh nng mt tri.
Cc chn nc bng cht do v cao su c chn vo mt bn ca mi ni

hn mt thng trc ngy d nh b tng trn mt kia v s c bo v
trnh nh nng mt tri.
B tng s c cn thn xung quanh chn nc trnh bin dng hoc

dch chuyn v s c m k. ch no chn nc ri trn mt ngang hoc
gn ngang, nh thu s m bo rng khng li cc khong trng trn mt
di ca chn nc.
Cp pha xung quanh chn nc s c tho ra cn thn trnh h hng. Nu

chn nc chu bt c h hng no m cc h hng khng th sa cha
c ti hin trng, T vn gim st c th yu cu b mt phn b tng v
thay th chn nc.
.9.3. Vt liu trt ch ni

Cc vt liu trt ch ni, ct liu, lp ph v.v.. s theo ACI-350
.10
VA
Mc ny bao gm va s dng trc khi b tng v cc s dng khc khng
quy nh mc no khc trong thuyt minh k thut.
209

CH DN K THUT

Va bao gm nh ph hp vi iu khon ph 3.5.3 v loi xi mng c

nu ra trong iu khon ph 3.5.2. Thnh phn trn s c nu ra trong bn
v hoc nu khng c nu ra th s l 1 phn xi mng vi 2 phn nh
tnh theo trng lng.
Vi khi lng va nh s c trn bng tay v khi lng ln hn 0.5m3 s

phi s dng my trn c kh.
Hm lng nc ca va phi l thp nht c th ph hp vi yu cu s dng

nhng trong mi trng hp t l nc v xi mng khng c ln hn 0.5.
Va m c quy nh l khi kh s c trn nc hn hp tr nn

c tnh kt dnh nhng khng do khi c p bng bn tay. Va chn kh s
c nhi vo trong cc l cn c lp y, s dng ba tay vi lc
m bo m cht.
.11 B TNG CHO MC CH KHNG KT CU
B tng khng kt cu (b tng NS) s c s dng ch cho cc mc ch

khng chu lc. B tng s dng cho lp lt b tng v c gi l b tng lt
hoc b tng to phng hoc b tng chn trn bn v s tun theo cc
yu cu c nu ra trong iu khon ny.
Vt liu thnh phn s nh c nu ra trong iu khon ph 1.5.2, 1.5.3 v

1.5.4.
Trng lng ca xi mng c trn vi 0.3m3 kt hp hoc ton b khng

nh hn 50kg. Hn hp s c cn ong bng trng lng hoc th tch.
Kch thc ln nht s l kch thc tiu chun 40mm. Tuy nhin, vi lp b
tng NS mng, s s dng c kch thc tiu chun ln nht l 20mm.
B tng s c trn bng my hoc bng tay ti khi c st v mu ng

u trc khi . Lng nc c s dng s khng vt qu yu cu cho
sn xut b tng c tnh d gia cng v m khi c yu cu.
.12
B TNG TRN BNG TAY
B tng cho mc ch chu lc khng c trn bng tay. Ti nhng ni cn b

tng khng chu lc th c th tin hnh trn bng tay tu theo s ng ca
T vn gim st.
Trn b tng phi c tin hnh trn b mt cng khng thm nc. Cc vt
liu s c o kh khng t hn 3 ln, nc sau s c phun trn vt liu
v li c o khng t hn 3 ln trong trng thi t v c trn k vi nhau
cho n khi hn hp c c st ng u.
Vi b tng c trn bng tay khng c trn nhiu hn 0.5m3 1 ln. Trong
thi tit c gi cn ch trnh xi mng khng b thi bay trong qu trnh cn
ong v trn.
.13 CC CHI TIT T TRONG B TNG
Tt c cc chi tit i qua hoc chn trong b tng truyn ti trng vo b tng
s c lp t ng v tr trc v c gi chc chn ng v tr trong qu
trnh b tng. H s cha c tho cho n khi b tng cng
chi tit.
210

CH DN K THUT

Ti cc v tr c cc chi tit chn trong b tng khng c t sn cng thi

im b tng ti thi im b tng, Nh thu vi s ng ca T vn
gim st s to mt khoang rng trong b tng v lp chi tit vo ngy sau .
Kch thc ca cc h v cc khong h trong b tng cho vic lt t sau

v b tng vo chi tit thp, ng ng, v.v s phi nh nht c th thao
tc c, s c to hnh cn ni c th (vi din tch mt ct ngang ln
nht v tr xa nht t mt lp t) ph hp vi bin php lp t v b
tng c xut, tt c phi c T vn gim st thng qua. Khng l
hoc khong h gn vi mp b tng mt khong nh hn 75mm.
Tt c cc l hoc cc khong trng phi c lm tht sch trc khi s

dng bng chn nh, chi thp, p lc nc hoc khng kh hoc cc bin
php c thng qua khc b i tt c bt xi mng v l .
CHNG 3 - CT THP
.14
NI DUNG :
Phn ny bao gm cc quy nh cho ct thp trn trn v ct thp c g v li
thp b tr trong b tng nhng khng bao gm phn thanh cng/cp d ng lc
hoc bt k loi thp no chn trong b tng. Cc yu cu v thanh then v
thanh neo i vi cc kt cu b tng cng c cp trong phn ny.
.15
CC TIU CHUN THAM KHO

Tiu chun Vit Nam:
TCXDVN 5575:2012
TCVN 1651:2008
Kt cu thp Tiu chun thit k

Thp ct b tng v li thp hn.
211

CH DN K THUT

TCVN 1651-1:2008 Thp cho ct thp ca b tng Phn 1: Thp trn

TCVN 1651-2:2008 Thp cho ct thp ca b tng Phn 2: Thp g
TCXDVN 170:1989 Kt cu thp Gia cng, lp rp v nghim thu. Yu cu k
thut
TCVN 9390:2012
Thp ct b tng Mi ni bng dp p ng Yu cu
thit k thi cng v nghim thu
.16
VT LIU CT THP
- Ct thp dng trong kt cu b tng ct thp phi m bo cc yu cu ca

thit k, ng thi ph hp vi tiu chun thit k TCXDVN 5575-2012.
- Cc thanh thp cn nng s theo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 1651-1: 2008

v thp trn, v TCVN 1651-2:2008 v ct thp bin dng
- Cc thanh thp x l ngui s theo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 3101:1979.

- Thp trn cn nng mt ngoi nhn dng lm ct cho cc kt cu b tng ct
thp bao gm hai loi CB240T and CB300T.
- Cc kch thuc v sai s ca cc thanh thp trn s phi theo Bng 2 ca TCVN
1651-1:2008.
- Thnh phn ha hc ca cc thanh thp trn s phi theo nh cc Bng 3 v 4

ca TCVN 1651-1:2008.
- Nh thu s tin hnh mt th nghim cng chu ko v mt th nghim

un cho mi 50T mt v cho mi ng knh, hoc theo nh ch dn ca K s.
- Thp ct vn cn nng c s dng lm ct thp cho cc kt cu BTCT bao

gm 3 loi: CB300V, CB400V and CB500V.
- Thp ct vn l thanh thp trn vi hai ng gn chy dc v cc g i theo

ba ng xon vt. i vi thanh thp c ng knh t 6 n 9mm, cho php
cc g i theo hai ng xon vt.
- Kch thc v sai lch gii hn ca cc thp ct vn phi ph hp vi Bng 2

tiu chun TCVN 1651-2: 2008
- Thnh phn ha hc ca thp vn phi tun theo cc bng 4 v 5 ca TCVN

1651-2:2008.
- Nh thu s tin hnh mt th nghim cng chu ko v mt th nghim

- i vi thp nhp khu cn c cc chng ch k thut km theo v cn ly mu

th nghim kim tra theo TCVN 197: 1985 "Kim loi - Phng php th ko" v
TCVN 198 : 1985 "Kim loi - Phng php th un".
- Bn cnh nhng yu cu th nghim nu trn, nh thu s phi thc hin cc

th nghim ph tr theo ch dn ca k s.
- Ct thp khng tun th theo yu cu ca tiu chun k thut s b loi b khi

cng trng.
.17
BO QUN CT THP
212

CH DN K THUT

- Ct thp s c bo qun trn cc gi hoc khung g trn nn cng sao cho

m bo thng v khng b nhim hi.
- Ct thp lu trong kho s c bo v chng phong ho n mn. Ct thp b

n mn v bong trc ti mc m theo k s s gy nh hng ti c tnh ca
thp s b loi b.
.18
UN CT THP
.18.1. Bng lit k thp
- Nh thu phi chun b v np cho K s Bng lit k thp theo ng yu cu

ca bn v thi cng vi chi tit cng tc ct v un ca ct thp th hin trong
Bn v.
- Bng lit k phi c lp ph hp vi TCXDVN 356-2005.

.18.2. Ct v un ct thp
- Nh thu tin hnh ct thp v un theo nh kch thc v hnh dng th hin
trong bng thng k thp vi dung sai c qui nh trong TCVN 4453:1995. Ct
thp phi c un ngui vi p lc u v chm. Cc thanh ct thp ct v
un s c tin hnh ly mu kim tra theo tng l. Mi l gm 100 thanh
thp tng loi ct v un, c mi l ly 5 thanh bt k kim tra. Dung sai
khng c vt qu cc gi tr ghi bng 2- mc 5 TCVN 1651-2:2008.
- Ct thp phi c lm tht sch v ton b t, r st, du m v cc cht

nhim khc phi c loi b trc khi t vo trong kt cu ca cc cng trnh.
.19
T CT THP
- Ct thp s c c nh chc chn ti v tr trong khong dung sai 20 mm theo

bt k hng no song song vi mt b tng v trong khong dung sai 5 mm
theo hng vung gc vi mt b tng, min l chiu dy lp b tng bo v
khng b gim xung di mc ti thiu nu trn bn v.
- Tr phi c k s chp thun khc i, tt c cc thanh thp an xen nhau s

c buc bng cc dy thp ti mm ng knh 1,6 mm v phn cui ca dy
s t khut trong khi b tng hoc s c nh bng loi kp dy m k s
chp thun.
- Cc khi m s c s dng bo m gi ng chiu dy lp b tng

bo v ct thp. Cc khi m phi cng nh cng tt v c hnh dng c T
vn gim st chp thun. Chng c lm bng va trn theo t l 1 phn xi
mng 2 phn ct. Dy thp c buc khi m vo ct thp s l loi dy
thp ti mm c ng knh 1,6 mm. Cc khi m s c cng nn tng t
nh b tng m n c c cng v ht nc s khng ln hn ht nc
ca b tng c.
- Loi khi m khc cng c th c s dng tu thuc vo s ng ca k

s.
- Ct thp phi c c nh chc chn sao cho khng gy ra dch chuyn trong
qu trnh b tng. Cc khi m v tm p thch hp s c s dng
trnh un cong ct thp. Cc lin kt vi vn khun s khng c nm trong
213

CH DN K THUT

khong m b tng s chim ch khi . Ct thp bn sc chng y

h tr cng tc b tng v khng c nng ln khi b tng.
- Khng c ni ct thp tr nhng v tr c nu trn bn v hoc c k s

chp thun. Chiu di on ni s phi nh m t trn bn v.
- Khng cho php hn ct thp tr khi c yu cu trong hp ng hoc c

K s ng . Nu hn ct thp, phi m bo thc hin tun th theo tiu
chun 20 TCVN 71: 1977. Nh thu phi m bo rng phn ct thp l ra ngoi
trong cc cng trnh c nh s khng b vn un, x dch hay nhng h hi
khc. Khi cn phi un u thp ch ca ct thp mm, bn knh un s khng
nh hn 4 ln ng knh thanh i vi thanh thp trn v 6 ln i vi thanh
thp gii hn chy cao. Cc im un nh vy s c lm thng li mt cch
cn thn trc khi tip tc b tng, khng c tp cht hay lm h hi
ti b tng xung quanh.
- Trc khi b tng cho bt k phn no ca cc cng trnh lu di c s dng

ct thp, ct thp phi c lm sch hon ton v khng b nhim bn k c
lp b tng cn li trn thp t t trc.
.20
B TNG BO V CT THP
Lp b tng ph ct thp s tng ng hoc ln hn lp ph nu trn bn
v hoc trong cc tiu chun p dng. dung sai l -0 mm / +10 mm.
CHNG 4 - VN KHUN
.1
NI DUNG :
214
CH DN K THUT

Phn ny ra cc yu cu p dng i vi cc vn khun b tng,

cng vi cc thit b ph tr (gin gio) gi cho vn khun ti v tr khi
b tng.
.1.1. CC IU KHON CHUNG
Nh thu s nh ra hng tuyn, cao trnh cho cc b mt v cc kt
cu khc nhau v t cc mc v mt ct nh hng tuyn v cao
trnh thi cng. Tt c cc mc v mt ct, v.v, phi c bo v tt cho
n khi cc cng trnh c nh hon thin.
Vn khun v gin gio s c thi cng sao cho chng c th chu c
ph ti ca b tng ti v cc ng sut b sung khc t ln chng do
thit b m rung v do vic di chuyn khi thi cng, sau khi b tng
kh cng, cc b mt hnh thnh phi ng v tr nu trn bn v.
.1.2. TIU CHUN THAM KHO
Tiu chun Vit Nam:
TCXDVN 309:2004
Cng tc trc a trong xy dng cng trnh. Yu

cu chung
TCXDVN 201:1997
Nh cao tng. K thut s dng gio treo
TCXDVN 202:1997
Nh cao tng. Thi cng phn thn
TCXDVN 296:2004
Gin gio Cc yu cu v an ton
TCVN 6052:1995
Gin gio thp
TCXDVN 390:2007
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp Quy phm

thi cng v nghim thu
TCXDVN 390:2007
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp Quy phm

thi cng v nghim thu
THI CNG VN KHUN V GIN GIO
.2
Nh thu s np cc bn v chi tit khung hoc gin gio vi cc tnh

ton ln, vng v cng k s thng qua.
Cc im ta trn nn t phi c t trn nn mng c thit k

chng st ln.
Cc mi ni trong vn khun i vi cc b mt l ra ngoi s phi, tr

khi c quy nh khc, c khong cch ng u v nm ngang hay thng
ng v phi lin tc hoc to thnh mt dng vn bnh thng.
Tt c cc mi ni trong vn khun bao gm c vn khun cho cc mi

ni xy dng phi cht Ch trnh xi mng v ct mn b thot ra
ngoi. Ti cc v tr ct thp t xuyn qua vn khun, vn khun phi
m kht xung quanh cc thanh ct thp.
Vn khun s c thit k sao cho d dng tho b m khng lm

nh hng n b mt b tng. ng thi vn khun cn phi h tr
thc hin cc iu chnh nh v v tr, nu cn, m bo chnh xc
215

CH DN K THUT

v tr ca b mt b tng. Phi to d ti v tr cc vn khun cho

chuyn v v ln di trng lng ca b tng ti.
-
Khi xy ra hin tng treo trong vn khun, phi cung cp cc thit b

cho php thot kh v bo m rng khong trng c lp hon ton
bng b tng m cht.
Vn khun s c s dng i vi b mt b tng c dc 20 o so

vi phng ngang hoc dc hn. Cc b mt c dc di 20os
c to bi thanh san b tng. B mt gia dc 20ov 30os c
to hnh bng vn khun tr phi nh thu chng minh c vi T vn
gim st rng dc ny c th lng c bng cch s dng cc
thanh san c bit gi b tng ti ch khi rung.
Vn khun nm nghing hoc nm ngang trn b mt b tng pha trn

s c neo cht trnh b nng do p lc ca b tng ti. Vn khun
to l trong b tng phi c neo hoc bng cch khc trnh b ni
ln trn.
Cc gc trong v gc ngoi trn b mt b tng s c to hnh bng

cc ng bo gc v cnh vt vi kch thc nu trn bn v tr phi c
k s ch th khc.
Phn gia c vn khun c th c neo bu lng vo phn b tng

trc min l loi bu lng s dng phi c T vn gim st chp
thun. Nu cc thanh cng kim loi qua b tng c s dng cng vi
bu lng, phn kim loi nh ra s khng gn hn 50 mm vi b mt b
tng.
Trong khi to vn khun cho cc kt cu chu nc, phi ch trnh s

dng bulng qua thn kt cu v cc thanh cng c bit s phi c
k s thng qua v b tng s khng b r r nc.
Vn khun s khng c ti s dng sau khi b h hi v c th nh

hng ti b mt b tng hon thin.
Trong trng hp kh c li vo c ra v kim tra, s to cc l tm

thi trn thn vn khun lm cng vic ny.
Cc kha chng ct s c lp ti cc im ni thi cng vi kch c v

hnh dng c nu trn bn v.
Cc b phn b tng c sn c s dng lm cc vn khun c nh

hoc do nh thu xut v c T vn gim st chp thun phi c
t chnh xc vi tuyn v cao trong phm vi dung sai quy nh c
vi loi hon thin thch hp trong mc 5.8 ca phn ny v c c
nh sao cho khng di chuyn khi b tng ln chng.
CHUN B VN KHUN
.3
Trc khi ct thp c t vo v tr trong vn khun, vn khun phi

hon ton sch s v c qut mt lp cht nh. Cht ny c th hoc
216

CH DN K THUT

l mt loi du thch hp kt hp vi mt cht t, mt cht dung mi

ni trn du hoc l du c nhn thp cha cc cht ho hc. Nh
thu s khng s dng cht nh tng du ni trong nc cng nh cc
cht nh gy i mu hoc mt mu ca b tng, cc l khng kh trn
b mt b tng.
-
trnh cc b mt b tng k nhau c mu sc khc nhau, ch s

dng duy nht mt loi cht nh cho bt k mt phn no ca cng
trnh.
Trong trng hp phi c nh ct thp trc khi t vn khun, cng tc

chun b b mt vn khun phi c thc hin trc khi t vo v tr.
Nh thu khng cho php ct thp b nhim bn do cht nh ca vn
khun.
Trc khi b tng, t, cc mnh vn thi cng v cc tp cht khc

phi c dn sch khi din tch .
Trc khi bt u b tng, tt c cc nm, chn v cc thit b iu

chnh khc phi c neo cht trnh dch chuyn trong khi b tng
v nh thu s lin tc theo di vn khun m bo khng b dch
chuyn.
THO D VN KHUN
.4
Vn khun s c tho d cn thn khng gy h hi ti b tng. Vn

khun s khng c tho d cho n khi b tng kho chu
cc ng sut m chng c th phi chu mt cch an ton.
Thi gian ti thiu gia thi im hon thnh cng tc b tng v

tho d vn khun c nu trong Bng 4-1. Nu ngoi xi mng portland
thng thng, xi mng khc c s dng, k s c th ch th thi gian
ngn hn.
Mt khc, vn khun c th c tho d khi b tng t ti cng

nu ra trong bng di y min l cng t c phi c xc
nh bng th nghim trn khi mu c bo dng trong iu kin
tng t nh b tng m chng l i din.
Vic tun th theo cc yu cu ny s khng gim nh ngha v ca nh

thu l phi tr hon vic tho d vn khun cho n khi vic tho d ny
khng khng lm h hi n b tng.
Nu nh thu mun tho d vn khun nm di cc kt cu vm, dm

v bn trc khi kt thc thi hn chng nu di y, vn khun
phi c thit k sao cho c th tho d c m khng nh hng
ti cc b phn chng . Nh thu khng c d b tm thi cc kt
cu chng d vn khun ri sau li lp li.
Ngay sau khi vn khun c tho d, ngoi cc mi ni xy dng ra,

cc l bu lng trn b tng khng cn thit s dng na s c chn
217

CH DN K THUT

kn va khng co ngt kh trnh lm bmt. Va cng c trn

cng t l ct liu nh v xi mng vi b tng xung quanh v vi cng
cht liu v c hon thin bng vi b mt b tng.
Bng 2.11-1 Cng b tng ti thiu tho d ct pha gio chu
lc (%R28) khi cha cht ti
Loi kt cu
Cng b tng
ti thiu cn t
tho ct pha, %R28
Thi gian b tng t cng

tho ct pha cc ma
v vng kh hu -Bo dng
b tng TCVN 5592: 1991,
ngy
7
Bn, dm, vm
50
c khu <2m
Bn, dm, vm
70
c khu t
2m n 8m
Bn, dm, vm
90
c khu >
8m
HIU CHNH CC B MT KHNG T YU CU
.5
10
23
Nu trong khi tho d vn khun b mt b tng c nhng khuyt tt

hoc khng t yu cu, nh thu di bt k cch no cng s khng
c c sa cha nhng khuyt tt trc khi T vn gim st kim
tra v trc khi nhn bt k ch dn no m K s c th s a ra.
Cc b mt sai st s khng c sa bng trt va.
Nhng ni b r t ong m k s ng l c th c sa cha s phi

khot ti lp b tng c hoc 75 mm ty vo ci no su hn. Trong
trng hp l b tng ct thp, ch s b khot vo su t nht l 25
mm pha sau ct thp hoc 75 mm ty vo ci no su hn. Cc l khot
phi c cc mt bn vung gc vi vi b mt ca b tng. Sau khi ra
sch bng nc v kh nn, squt mt lp va xi mng mng ln mt
trong ca l khot v ngay sau s chn b tng cng chng loi vi
kt cu chnh nhng s loi b cc ct liu ln hn ct liu tiu chun
20mm. Ss dng vn khun gi l khot v mt g nh ra
b tng. Vn khun s c y n im trn nh ca l khot. Sau
7 ngy s ph b g b tng to b mt nhn.
Vic sa cha khuyt tt i vi cc kt cu b tng chn nc s ch

c tin hnh khi c k s thng qua. Va Epoxy s c s dng
chn l khot.
Cc khuyt tt nm ngoi cc gii hn dung sai nu trong mc 2.10.8 s

c x l theo cch v mc m k s yu cu.
218

CH DN K THUT

Cc khuyt tt khc vi cc khuyt tt trn s c x l theo ch dn ca

k s.
CHNG 5 - CC P V THI CNG P CC

.1
NI DUNG
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu, qui nh chung p dng cho thi cng cc p
B tng ct thp.
.1.1. Qui nh chung:
i) Nh thu cn lp y bin php thi cng v thuyt minh chi tit
trinh T vn gim st v Ch u t ph duyt trc khi tin hnh thi
cng.
ii)
Cn b k thut ph trch thi cng cn c kinh nghim thi cng t
nht mt cng trnh tng t, cc cng nhn k thut phi c lc chn
hun luyn o to tay ngh.
iii)
Trng qua trnh thi cng phi thc hin cng tc kim tra tng cng
on, ch khi c nghim thu t yu cu mi c chuyn cng on
tip theo.
.1.2. Cc tiu chun tham kho p dng
.2
TCVN 5308 : 1991
Qui phm k thut an ton trong xy dng
TCVN 9394 : 2012
ng v p cc Thi cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 9393 : 2012

p dc trc
Cc - Phng php th nghim bng ti trng tnh
CNG TC CHUN B
.2.1. Ti liu lin quan :
Trong thuyt minh bin php thi cng, nh thu phi tp hp v a ra
cc bo co v t nht cc ni dung di y:
i) Bn v thit k mng cc p, kh nng chu ti, cc yu cu th ti v
phng php kim tra, nghim thu.
ii)
Ti liu iu tra v a cht, thu vn, nc ngm.
iii)
Ti liu v bnh , a hnh ni thi cng, cc cng trnh h tng ti
ch, nh ng giao thng, mng in, ngun nc phc v thi cng.
iv)
Bin php sn xut cc, bin php vn chuyn cc n cng
trng.
v)
Tnh nng v s lng thit b thi cng c th huy ng cho cng
trnh.
vi)
Cc nh hng c th tc ng ti mi trng v cng trnh ln
cn.
219

CH DN K THUT

vii)
Trnh cng ngh v k nng ca n v thi cng.
.2.2. Bin php thi cng:

Trc khi thi cng c, p cc, nh thu cn phi lp bin php thi cng
trnh ch u t v cc n v c thm quyn ph duyt, trong bao
gm t nht nhng ni dung sau y:
i) Cng ngh thi cng c, p cc;
ii)
Thit b d nh chn thi cng;
iii)
K hoch m bo cht lng, trong nu r trnh t h cc da
theo iu kin t nn, cch b tr i cc, s lng cc trong i,
phng php kim tra thng ng, kim tra mi hn, cch o chi,
bin php an ton v m bo v sinh mi trng,;
.3
iv)
D bo cc s c v cch x l;
v)
Tin thi cng
CC YU CU CHUNG CHO CNG TC P CC

.3.1. Chng trnh v bin php
Trc khi a n cng trng bt c my thi cng no phc v cng tc
gia cng, vn chuyn, p cc v sn xut cc, nh thu phi trnh k s
y chi tit h s v kt qu kim nh ca cc my thi cng m nh
thu d nh s dng, chng trnh v qui trnh m nh thu xut
tin hnh cng tc sn xut, thi cng p cc.
.3.2. Cc bn v chi tit, sn xut cc v cc vt t tr gip
Nh thu s chun b cc bn v chi tit cho cng tc p cc. Cc bn v
chi tit s bao gm:
i) Bin php gia cng, sn xut cc
ii)
Bin php v trnh t thi cng p cc
iii)
Hng dn chi tit p cc
iv)
Bin php v trnh t thi cng khoan h dn hng cc v tr
khng th p trc tip (nu c).
.3.3. Trin khai cng vic
Nh thu s vch tuyn, trc, cao cc v tr cc v cc kt cu khc
nhau v thit lp cc mc cao v cc mt ct dc ch ra cc trc
v cao cho thi cng cng trnh. Tt c cc mc cao v cc mt ct
dc v.v. s c bo v c hiu qu cho n khi cc cng trnh c nh
c hon thnh
Nh thu s m bo rng mi cc hoc nhm cc s chu c 200%
ti trng thit k m khng vt qu tiu chun thit k nu ra trong
Ch dn k thut ny, nh thu s c trch nhim sa cha tt c cc
220

CH DN K THUT

cc khng ph hp th hin qua kim tra hoc khng ph hp vi mc

tiu thit k ca chng.
Nu nh thu mun xut mt kiu cc thay th cho kiu nu ra,
nh thu phi trnh y chi tit xut ca mnh trc thi gian d
nh bt u cng tc p cc cho php nh gi ng n tnh
u vit v c k s chp nhn. xut phi tng ng vi kiu
th hin trn bn v v ph hp v mi kha cnh vi Ch dn k thut
ny.
Ni dung trnh s bao gm y chi tit bin php thi cng v cc bn
tnh ton thit k cho c cc n v nhm cc k c ma st thn cc v
chng u cc.
.3.4. Hn ni cc
.3.4.1.
Yu cu chung
Nh thu ch c bt u hn ni cc khi:
-
Kch thc cc bn m ng theo thit k;
Trc ca cc on cc c kim tra thng ng theo hai

phng vung gc vi nhau;
-
B mt hai u on cc phi tip xc kht vi nhau.
.3.4.2.
ng hn ni cc
ng hn ni cc phi m bo yu cu v chu lc theo thit k,

khng c c nhng khuyt tt sau:
-
Kch thc ng hn sai lch theo thit k;
Chiu cao, chiu rng ca mi hn khng u;
ng hn khng thng, b mt mi hn b r, ln x hoc b nt.
Ch c tip thc h cc khi kim tra nghim thu mi hn t yu cu.

.3.5. Dung sai
.3.5.1.
lch ca cc trn mt bng
Theo bng 11 TCXD 9394 : 2012 ng v p cc, Thi cng v nghim

thu.
.3.5.2.
Phng ng
Khi bt u lp dng, cc hoc thit b to khun cc trong trng hp l

cc ng/p, hoc cc thit b dn hng c lin quan trong trng
hp cc nhi s phi c ng thng ng vi dung sai theo
phng ng trong khong 1/100. Sai s cho php ln nht ca cc
hon thnh theo phng ng l 1/75
.3.5.3.
nghing
Cc, hoc thit b ng cc, thit b dn hng khc v gc nghing s

c dng to ra hng tuyn cc chnh xc trong khong dung sai
221

CH DN K THUT

1/50. Thit b ng cc s c lp dng v gi t c

nghing yu cu. Dung sai cho php ln nht ca cc hon thnh
theo nghing yu cu l 1/25 cho cc cc nghing ti 1:6 v 1/15 cho
cc cc nghing ln hn 1:6.
Nu trong khi tin hnh ng cc c gp cn tr trong t nh thu phi
thng bo cho k s v trnh cho k s chi tit bin php m nh thu d
kin thc hin vt qua cn tr
.3.6. p cc
Cng tc thi cng p cc phi tun th tiu chun TCVN 9394: 2012
ng v p cc Thi cng v nghim thu
.3.6.1.
Cng cc
Khng c p cc b tng cho n khi b tng cc t cng

thit k a ra.
.3.6.2.
Thit b p cc
Thit b p cc phi m bo cng sut khng nh hn 1,4 ln lc p ln

nht quy nh trong thit k.
- Lc p ca thit b phi m bo tc dng ng dc trc tim cc khi
p t nh cc v tc dng u ln cc mt bn cc khi p m, khng
gy ra lc ngang ln cc.
- Thit b phi c chng ch kim nh thi hiu v ng h o p v cc
van du cng s liu hiu chnh kch thc do c quan thm quyn cp.
- Thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh v an ton lao ng
khi thi cng.
Chiu di ca cc c cung cp p bt k v tr no v bt k
chiu di b xung no c b xung trong qu trnh p s phi c
thng qua trc khi bt u p cc. Trong khi tin hnh p cc, bt k s
thay i chiu di no phi tu thuc vo s ng ca thit k v T
vn gim st..
Ti mi giai on trong qu trnh p cc v cho n khi kt hp vi kt
cu bn trn, cc s c chng v ngm thch hp bng u dn,
gi , cc h tm v cc bin php khc gi ng v tr, cc
tuyn v chng un. Vic b tr s sao cho khng gy ra h hi cho cc.
.3.6.3.
Qu trnh p cc
Trc khi p cc, phi kim tra cng tc nh v v cn bng ca thit b

p cc m bo trc ca thit bto lc phi trng vi tim cc, phng
nn phi l phng thng ng. Chy th kim tra s n nh ca
ton h thng bng cch gia ti khong 10-15% ti trng thit k ca
cc.
222

CH DN K THUT

on mi cc phi c lp dng cn thn, lch tm ca ti trng

khng qu 10mm. on cc tip theo c lp dng v ni hn chc
chn vo on u cc. Trc tm on cc trng vi trc on mi cc.
nghing so vi phng thng ng khng qu 1%.
Gia ti ln cc khong 10-15% ti trng thit k trong sut thi gian hn
ni to tip xc gia hai b mt b tng.
Khi cc b nghing qu quy nh, cc b hng phi nh ln p li hoc
p b sung cc mi (do Thit k v T vn gim st ch nh)
p cc lin tc cho n khi tha mn ng thi hai iu kin v su
thit k v lc p thit k. Trong trng hp khng t ng thi hai iu
kin trn, nh thu phi bo cho thit k c bin php x l.
Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng m chiu
di cc cho ti khi t ti (Pp) min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho
tng 20cm cho ti khi kt thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca T vn
gim st.
.3.6.4.
Trnh t p cc v p b xung sau
Cc cc phi c p theo mt trnh t c thng qua gim thiu

cc tc hi xu ca s tri ln v chuyn v ngang ca nn.
Nu nn c p cc l dc, cc cc phi c p t im cao nht v
phi thi gian nht nh cn thit n nh cc chuyn v ca nn
trc khi cc cc v tr thp hn c p tip.
Cc cao v cc cng tc o dc phi c s dng xc nh cc
chuyn v nn do kt qu ca qu trnh p cc.
Khi cc b nh ln do cc cc bn cnh c p thm vo , K s c th
yu cu phi p li hoc cc th nghim khc kim tra m bo kh
nng chu ti ca cc cc b nh ln khng b suy yu. Nu c yu cu ,
Nh thu phi c cc xut sa cha cc cc c b nh hng xu
v trnh hoc khng chhiu ng tri ln ca trong cc cng tc
tip theo. Cc kim tra khi p li cc, nu cn thit, phi c tin hnh
theo phng php c chp nhn.
.3.6.5.
H hng v tc ng xu
Nh thu s tin hnh p cc m khng gy h hi cho cc cng trnh,

cc ti sn hoc cc vt khc, cc cng trnh dch v ngm. Nh thu
tin hnh p cc ni xa ti mc c th khng gy nh hng do
ting n v rung, chn thi gian lm vic.
.3.7. Nht k p cc. Cng tc gim st v nghim thu:
Nh thu phi c k thut vin thng xuyn theo di cng tc h cc,
ghi chp nht k h cc. K s cng nh thu nghim thu theo cc quy
nh v dng h cc, lp bin bn nghim thu theo ng trnh t, quy
nh ca ngh nh s 15/2013/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l cht
223

CH DN K THUT

lng cng trnh xy dng v ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP sa i b

sung mt s iu trong ngh nh 209.
Nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc da trn c s cc h s sau:
i)
H s thit k c duyt;
ii) Bin bn nghim thu trc c nh v trc mng cc;

iii) Chng ch xut xng ca cc thng phm;
iv) Nht k h cc v bin bn nghim thu tng cc;
v) Cc kt qu th nghim ng - PDA (nu c);
vi) Cc kt qu th nghim bin dng - PIT (nu c);
vii) H s hon cng cc;
CHNG 6 - O V P MNG
.1
TNG QUT CHUNG

.1.1.
Phm vi cng vic
Mc ny bao gm cc yu cu lin quan n cng tc o t h mng, san gt

v p nn.
.1.2.
Mc lin quan
Khng p dng
.1.3.
Tiu chun p dng:

TCVN
4447:1987
TCXD 79:1980
Cng tc t. Quy phm thi cng v

nghim thu
Thi cng v nghim thu cc cng tc nn
mng.
Tham kho cc tiu chun nc ngoi:
ASTM D698
Effort
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard
ASTM D1556 Density of Soil in Place by the Sand Cone Method

ASTM D1557 Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort
ASTM D2487
Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil
Classification System)
EN ISO 10319
.1.4.
Standard Testing, Tensile
m bo cht lng
Nh thu c trch nhim m bo cht lng ca tt c cng tc gim st v th

nghim quy nh trong iu kin K thut Tiu chun ny.
.1.5.
BO V
.1.5.1. Ging chng Khi qut

i) Nh thu phi xin nghim thu, lp t v bo tr h thng ging chng cn
thit gia c cc mt bn h mng nhm trnh bt k chuyn dch no c th
224

CH DN K THUT

thu hp chiu rng ca h mng bn di, v nhm bo v nhng kt cu ln

cn khng b st chn hoc h hi. Nu T vn gim st nh gi h thng
chng h o mng cha m bo, Nh thu s phi lp t thm cc b
chng v chu ton b chi ph. Nh thu c trch nhim cung cp s lng
cu kin chng h o mng. Cn lu trnh xut hin cc h pha ngoi
tng mng, nu c cn lp li bng si v m cht.
ii)Nh thu phi gi nguyn tt c cc b ging chng nu c ch dn bng vn
bn ca T vn gim st trnh gy h hi n cc cng trnh, tin ch chung
hoc ti sn cng cng hoc t nhn.
iii)
Ging chng khng cn gi li phi c tho d thn trng khng
lm nh hng n thi cng cc cng trnh, tin ch chung hoc ti sn khc. Tt
c cc h xut hin do tho d vn phi c lp li bng si v m cht
bng cc thit b chuyn dng hoc bng cc bin php c chp nhn khc.
iv)
Vic T vn gim st c quyn yu cu gi nguyn cc ging chng
khng c ngha T vn gim st buc phi a ra nhng quyt nh nh vy, v
nu T vn gim st khng c nhng ch dn ph hp, Nh thu vn chu hon
ton trch nhim php l nu xy ra chn thng cho ngi hoc h hi n
ti sn do li trong thi cng, l bi Nh thu khng gi li s lng
ging chng cn thit trnh sp cc cu kin hoc dch chuyn nn t cng
trnh.
v)Khng c tho d vn c nu vn chn thp hn na chu vi bt k ng
ng no, ng thi khng c ca vn ngn hn 0,3m so vi nh ca bt k
ng ng no.
.1.5.2. Bm v tho nc
vi)
Nh thu trong sut qu trnh thi cng phi cung cp v bo tr thit b v
phng tin ph hp tho nc h mng. H mng phi c duy tr trong
tnh trng kh ro t nn mng khng b xo trn cho n khi t p hoc
kt cu c hon thin s khng b ni hoc h hng khi cho nc vo bng
mc nc c.
vii)
Tho nc ti mi thi im phi c tin hnh sao cho khng thay i
sc chu ti ca t nn mng ti lp y d kin ca h mng.
viii)
Nh thu phi lin tc duy tr mc nc thp hn y h mng ti nhng
khu vc thi cng khc nhau. Phng php tho nc do Nh thu xut phi
c T vn gim st chp thun nu cn thit.
ix)
Nc chy xung h mng t cc ngun nc mt phi c thu li bng
cc ho nng o quanh ng bin h mng, sau c thot vo cc h thu
nc v c bm hoc tho t nhin ra ngoi h mng m bo h mng
khng tch nc.
x)Nh thu phi tin hnh cc bin php phng nga b sung trnh bt k
kt cu no b tri ln trong qu trnh thi cng. Cc bin php ny phi c T
vn gim st chp thun.
xi)
Nc tho ra ngoi h mng phi c ti mt khu vc c chp
nhn khng xy ra hin tng thm ngc vo khu vc h mng.
225

CH DN K THUT

xii)
Nh thu cn lin tc tho nc trong qu trnh thi cng h mng. Nh
thu chu hon ton trch nhim v php l nu xy ra bt c s c no pht
sinh do h mng khng c tho nc hp l.
xiii)
Nh thu ch c tho d cc thit b bm thot nc sau khi nh gi
cc thit b ny khng cn cn thit na; cc thit b v vt liu bm thot nc
s do Nh thu ph trch tho d.
.2
SN PHM
.2.1.
VT LIU
.2.1.1. Khi qut

i) Vt liu h mng sau khi c o v ti nhng khu vc la chn nu
tha mn cc tiu chun trong iu kin K thut c th c s dng ti a
p li.
ii) i vi vt liu khai thc trn cng trng hoc ngoi cng trng, Nh thu
u phi bo co T vn gim st v ngun gc vt liu v gi mu vt liu vi

khi lng khong 25kg ti thiu 10 ngy trc khi d kin s dng khi vt liu
T vn gim st nghim thu. Nh thu c th s cn gi li mu vt liu
cho n khi c nghim thu.
.2.1.2. t p
i) t p thng thng
- t p thng thng c th l vt liu o ti cng trng nu c T vn
gim st chp nhn hoc c th l vt liu o ngoi cng trng. t p
thng thng phi cha thnh phn t khong, khng ln t st, st pha, vt
liu hu c, g, rc thi v cc vt liu khc m khng th m cht.
- t p thng thng khng c cha b tng v, gch xy, hc, nha
ng hoc nhng vt liu tng t. t p phi c c tnh vt l thch hp
ri v m trong qu trnh p.
- t p thng thng khng c cha c kch thc cc chiu ln hn
200mm, i vi t p cho 0,50m khi t trn cng khng c cha kch
thc ln hn 150mm. t p khng c c qu 30% lt sng s 200. Gii
hn chy ca thnh phn ht lt sng s 40 khng c qu 50%.
ii)t p nn cng trnh
- t p nn cng trnh c dng thay th lp vt liu khng t tiu
chun di cao trnh nn ca kt cu; hoc nu cao trnh nn c thit k cao
hn nn t t nhin, th hin trn bn v hoc do ch o bng vn bn ca T
vn gim st. t p nn cng trnh phi c s dng p nn tt c kt
cu c ng tiu ngm c th hin trn bn v.
- t p nn cng trnh phi bao gm ct sch c thnh phn ht thch hp
hoc hn hp ct- dm thuc nhm k hiu SW hoc GW trong bng Phn loi
t, tiu chun ASTM D2487. Cc phn t t phi c cht lng tt v khng
c hn 15% lt sng s 200 v khng c hn 50% lt sng s 40.
- Vt liu hn hp phi l vt liu khng do v khng cha cc vt cht hu c,
st khi hoc cc vt liu c hi khc.
.2.2.
THI CNG
226

CH DN K THUT

.2.2.1. O V XI T
Trc khi t p, tin hnh lt nn hoc bt u thi cng, t nn khu vc
thi cng phi c o v xi n su ti thiu 300mm loi b tt c vt
liu hu c trn b mt. Tt c vt liu yu, ri, xp hoc khng ph hp khc
phi c o b v ti bi t thi theo ch dn ca T vn gim st v
khng c s dng p bt k khu vc no trong cng trng.
.2.2.2. O MNG
- Nh thu phi mi nghim thu, lp t v bo tr tt c h thng ct v khung
chng cn thit xung quanh h mng, cng cc h thng bm, ho thu nc
hoc cc bin php c chp nhn khc tho hoc thot nc, bao gm x
l nc ma chy vo hin trng thi cng trnh h hi n cng trnh ang
thi cng hoc cc cng trnh ln cn.
- o mng phi c tin hnh theo ng dc hoc c chng chc chn
theo cc tiu chun an ton mi nht p dng do cc B v Ban ngnh ch qun
quy nh v c T vn gim st chp nhn.
- o mng bao gm o h mng phi t chiu rng v su cn thit
to khng gian cho thi cng cng trnh, chng v ging kt cu, bm v thot
nc v phi t n kch thc th hin trn bn v thit k. Mt p nn h
mng phi c nn cng, gi kh ro v tha mn tt c cc yu cu k thut
ca T vn gim st.
- Cc bin php o mng v tho nc phi bo v nguyn dng tng t mt
h mng.
- Tho nc h mng phi trnh cc mch nc ngm nng hoc nhim cc
cht c hi. Nh thu phi lp t cc thit b cn thit m bo n nh
ca h mng.
- Thit b o mng phi m bo cng tc thi cng tun th theo cc tiu
chun trong iu kin K thut ny.
- Khi o mng n su thit k, Nh thu phi bo co vi T vn gim st
T vn gim st kim tra v nghim thu h o trc khi tin hnh cc cng
on thi cng tip theo.
227

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 7 - NN TNH CC TH
.1
NI DUNG :
Mc ny a ra cc yu cu chung c th p dng cho th nghim hin trng
bng ti trng tnh cc khoan nhi ng knh D1200 theo thit k thi cng c
ph duyt.
Th nghim hin trng bng ti trng tnh cc khoan nhi ng knh D1200
nm giai on thm d thit k, c tin hnh trc khi thi cng cc i tr.
.2
CC TIU CHUN P DNG

Tiu chun Vit Nam:
TCVN 5308 : 1991
Qui phm k thut an ton trong xy dng
TCVN 9393 : 2012
Cc - Phng php th nghim bng ti trng tnh p dc trc
TCVN 9395 : 2012
Cc khoan nhi - Thi cng v nghim thu
TCVN 9396: 2012 Cc khoan nhi - Phng php xung siu m xc nh tnh
ng nht ca b tng
TCVN 9397: 2012 Cc - phng php kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php
ng bin dng nh
.3
NN TNH CC TH
.3.1.
PHNG PHP V KHI LNG

228

CH DN K THUT

Vic th ti tnh c thc hin bng cch gia ti dc trc cc trn u cc.
Theo , ti trng c gia ti theo phng thng ng bng cc kch thu lc
nh h thng i ti t pha trn u cc. Mc ch ca cng tc th nghim th
ti tnh l kim tra sc chu ti cc hn ca cc (ng vi ln = 10% ng
knh cc th nghim).
Khi lng cng vic d kin nh sau: tin hnh nn tnh 2 cc
T
T
Tn
cc
n
g knh
(mm)
Chiu
di
cc
(m)
1
NT1
2
NT1
.3.2. THIT B TH NGHIM
1200
1200
80,2
80,2
Sc
chu
ti
tnh
ton
cho
php
Qa
(kN)
7000
7000
Ti
trng
th
nghi
m
(kN)
14000
14000
Thit b th nghim bao gm cc thit b cp ti, my pht in, my cu 25T,

h thng i ti v cc thit b o ln.
.3.2.1. THIT B CP TI
Thit b cp ti cu to t cc kch thu lc, bm v ng h p lc. Thit b cp
ti c c im sau y:
a. CC KCH THU LC
-
Loi kch: Cc kch thu lc cng chng loi.
Hnh trnh ti thiu : 150mm.
S lng: cp ti t nht 120% ti th nghim.
b. BM THU LC
-
p lc ti a : 10,000 psi.
Lu lng du: 1-11 lit/pht.
S lng: 1 pc.
c. NG H P LC
-
Phm vi o p lc : 0-60 MPa
Sai s : 1.5%.
S lng :1 pc.
.3.2.2. H THNG I TI
H thng i ti cu to t dm chnh, dn cht ti v i ti. i ti l cc khi
b tng c t an ton trn dn cht ti. Tt c h dm chnh, dn cht ti v
i ti to nn h thng i ti cho cng tc th nghim. Cc ch tiu chnh cc
b phn ca h thng i ti nh sau:
DM CHNH
Mt hoc hai dm chnh, kh nng chi ti th nghim an ton.
229
CH DN K THUT

DN CHT TI GM CC DM PH
Dn cht ti gm cc dm ph kh nng chi ti th nghim an ton.
I TI
-
Vt liu: cc khi b tng.
Kch thc: khng gii hn.
Gi : m bo yu cu chu lc t dn cht ti v m bo nn n nh.
- Tng khi lng i ti : m bo gia ti n ti trng th nghim,

trng lng i ti (khng k gi ) t nht bng 115% ti th nghim
.3.2.3. CC THIT B O LN
Thit b o ln gm 4 ng h so o ln v 2 ng h o chuyn v ngang u
cc; hai dm c s. Cc ng h so cn c gn chc vo cc dm c s bo
m khng b nh hng bi ln ca nn v bin dng ca thit b n s liu
o. Cc ng h so c cc ch tiu sau:
-
Hnh trnh ti thiu : 50 mm.
chnh xc: 0.01 mm.
S lng: 6 ci.
.3.2.4. CC THIT B KHC

-
My pht in 15KVA : 01 ci.
Cn cu 25T
Thu chun t ng : 01 ci
n Halozen 500w : 04 ci
.3.3.
: 01 ci
QUY TRNH TH NGHIM
.3.3.1. Cng tc chun b ti hin trng

-
Chun b mt bng tp kt thit b :
- Lm phng mt bng ti v tr cc th nghim, san phng v tr k gi dn

ti trng.
-
Lm phng mt cc gia cng bng ph gia (nu cn thit).
- Kim tra cc ng thp siu m (cao trnh ct ng,lm sch ng, thng
ng) v y nc vo ng
-
Lp t thit b
Xy dng h thng cung cp nh sng, ngun in vn hnh my th nghim.
.3.3.2. Quy trnh th nghim

Quy trnh th nghim nn tnh cc nh sau :
Cp
ti
trng
th
nghi
m
Thi gian duy tr

ti trng th
nghim ln u cc
th
Thi gian theo di v

ghi chp s liu th
nghim
230

CH DN K THUT

% Ptk
10%
Gia ti n 10 tn
(10%Ptk)
Gi trong 10, loi

tr cc bin dng do
xp ti gy ra.H v 0,
Ghi s liu ban u.
CHU K I: 100% Ti thit k

0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
50%
0%
Ti thiu l 1 gi v
t ln n nh
quy c 0,25 mm/gi,
nhng khng qu 2
gi.
Nh trn
Nh trn
Duy tr trong 12
gi v t ln
n nh quy c l
0,25 mm/gi, ly
thi gian no lu
hn.
30 pht
3 gi v tc
hi phc ca cc
t 0.25mm / gi
Ghi s liu ban u.

Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10; 20;
30; 40', 50', 60 v
tip tc 30 mt ln
cho 1 gi tip theo.
Nh trn
Nh trn
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10, 20;
30; 40, 50, 60 v
tip tc 60 mt ln
cho n ht thi gian
quy nh.
Ghi kt qa cc thi
im: 0; 10, 20; v
30.
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10; 20;
30; 40', 50', 60 v
tip tc 60' 1 ln cho
n htthi gian quy
nh.
CHU K II: 200% Ti thit k

50%
75%
100%
125%
150%
175%
30 pht
Nh trn
Nh trn
Ti thiu l 1 gi v
t ln n nh
quy c 0,25 mm/gi,
nhng khng qu 2
gi.
Nh trn
12 gi, tc ln
t 0.25mm /gi,
ly thi gian no
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0, 10',
20', v 30.
Nh trn
Nh trn
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10; 20;
30; 40', 50', 60 v
tip tc 30 mt ln
cho 1 gi tip theo.
Nh trn
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10, 20;
30; 40, 50, 60 v
231

CH DN K THUT

lu hn.
200%
24 gi, tc ln
t 0.25mm /gi,
ly thi gian no
lu hn.
150%
100%
50%
Nh trn
Nh trn
Nh trn
0%
3 gi n khi tc
hi phc ca
cc t 0.25mm /
gi, ly thi gian
no lu hn.
tip tc 60 mt ln
cho n ht thi gian
quy nh.
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10, 20;
30; 40, 50, 60 v
tip tc 60 mt ln
cho n ht thi gian
quy nh.
Nh trn
Nh trn
Nh trn
Ghi kt qa cc
thi im: 0; 10; 20;
30; 40', 50', 60 v
tip tc 60' 1 ln cho
n ht thi gian quy
nh.
.3.3.3. QUY TRNH O LN CA CC

Trong qu trnh tng ti hoc gim ti, vic o v ghi chp s liu ti trng v
chuyn v ca cc c thc hin ti thi im 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 v 60 pht
trong gi u tin, 30 pht cho 3 gi tip theo, mt gi cho thi gian cn li.
.3.3.4. HU B TH NGHIM
Th nghim s b hu b nu pht hin thy:
-
Cc b nn trc khi gia ti ;
Cc tnh trng sau khng th khc phc c :
+ Cc mc chun t sai, khng n nh hoc b ph hng ;

+ Kch hoc thit b o khng hot ng hoc khng chnh xc ;
+ H phn lc khng n nh.
.3.3.5. TRNG THI PH HOI
Khi cc c th ti theo quy trnh nu trn, cc c th b ri vo trng thi ph
hoi, nu mt trong nhng hin tng sau y xy ra:
-
Vt liu cc b ph hoi.
Tng chuyn v u cc vt qu 10% ng knh cc.
Tc ln vn tip tc khi khng tng thm ti.
.3.3.6. DNG TH NGHIM

Th nghim c dng khi xy ra mt trong nhng hin tng trong iu 3.3.5
xy ra hoc gi tr ti th nghim t gi tr nh d kin.
.3.3.7. KT QU TH NGHIM
Kt qu th nghim s c bo co di hai hnh thc: bng biu v th.
.3.3.8. HNH THC BNG BIU
232

CH DN K THUT

T s liu th nghim, cc biu sau y s c xc lp cho cc cc th

nghim:
Biu quan h Ti trng ln.
Biu quan h ln thi gian.
Biu quan h Ti trng ln thi gian.
.3.4.
KT LUN V KIN NGH
T c s cc kt qu th nghim v quan st trong qu trnh th nghim, mt s

kt lun v kin ngh s c xut trong bo co.
.4
TH NGHIM SIU M
.4.1.
NGUYN TC C BN
- Phng php ny c s dng xc nh s ng nht ca cc da vo

nhng c im ca s truyn sng siu m trong vt liu. Vt liu tt hn c
vn tc truyn sng trong n cao hn. i vi b tng vn tc ca sng siu m
t 3000- 5000 m/s.
- Th nghim thc hin vic o gi tr ca vn tc truyn sng siu m gia
nhng u d (01 u pht v 1 u tip nhn). Nhng u d c h xung
bn trong cc ng thp c t sn. Nhng ng thp c y nc. Cc
u d lun lun cng cao trong sut qu trnh ko ln dc thn cc. Thi
gian sng siu m trong b tng c o lin tc v chnh xc trong sut qu
trnh ko nhng u d.
- Vn tc sng siu m tnh c khi bit khong cch gia hai u d (khong
cch gia hai ng thp). Cht lng b tng c nh gi da vo gi tr ca
vn tc sng.
.4.2.
CNG TC
- thc hin vic th nghim kim tra cht lng cc bng sng siu m,
phi t cc ng t nh n y cc trc khi b tng. Cc ng lm bng
thp, ngknh ng 60mm. Cc ng ny dy khng bin dng trong qu
trnh b tng.
- Cc ng thp c t thng ng vi khong cch gia chng phi u
nhau. S lng l 04 ng cho mi cc th hin trong bn v thit k.
.4.3.
THIT B
Thit b CSL 2 gm c nhng b phn sau:

-
1 u d pht sng siu m c ni vi li cun cp.
2 u d thu sng siu m c ni vi li cun cp.
- 1 my in t truyn giao s pht- thu sng siu m v mt phn mm

chuyn dng phn tch kt qu. Tt c d liu c truyn ti my tnh ni vi
mt my in. Trong thi gian th nghim tt c cc tham s th nghim dc theo
cc c trnh by trn mn hnh my tnh.
.4.4.
QUY TRNH TH NGHIM
Qu trnh th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:

i) Chun b:
233

CH DN K THUT

Tp kt thit b th nghim ti cng trng.
- Kim tra cc ng thp (cao trnh ct ng, lm sch ng, thng ng) v
y nc vo ng.
-
Lp t thit b
ii) Qu trnh th nghim:

- Nhp cc thng s vo my (Tn cng trnh, v tr cc, tn cc, ng knh
cc, chiu di cc, cc khong cch gia cc ng).
-
Thc hin th nghim
Tip tc cho nhng cc khc.
Tho d cc thit b v mang chng quay tr v phng th nghim.
Chuyn d liu ti my tnh.
Phn tch d liu bng phn mm chuyn dng.
Thc hin bo co kt qu.
.4.5.
PHN TCH D LIU
Nhng kt qu siu m c th hin bng biu thi gian m sng siu m

truyn qua mt ct ngang dc theo chiu di cc. Cht lng cc c th c
nh gi da vo hai c trng sau:
-
Vn tc sng siu m trong khong t 3000 - 5000 m/s.
S suy gim vn tc cc im c bit dc thn cc.

Cht lng cc
Tt
.4.6.
S suy gim vn tc, %

10
Khuyt tt khng ng k
10 - 20
Khuyt tt ln
> 20
B t gy
Mt tn hiu
KT QU TH NGHIM
Bo co kt qu th nghim siu m c hai thnh hai phn: phn gii thch v

phn ph lc. Trong phn gii thch: gii thiu nhng nguyn l, thit b, phng
php th nghim, phn tch d liu cng nh nh gi cht lng cc cc c
th nghim. Biu kt qu th nghim siu m, d liu c th hin trn th
th hin trong phn ph lc.
234

CH DN K THUT

CHNG 8 - CNG TC O NGHING QUAN TRC LN

.1
NI DUNG :
Cng tc o nging v quan trc ln c thc hin bi nh thu nng lc c
c nhn nng lc thc hin. Thit b quan trc l thit b c ng kim ph
hp hp chun theo quy nh. Ngoi quy nh ny, cn tham kho p dng cc
hng dn ti TCXDVN 375:2005.
.2
TIU CHUN P DNG

TCXDVN 375:2005 Quy trnh quan trc nghing cng trnh bng phng
php trc a
TCXDVN 271: 2002 Qui trnh k thut xc nh ln cng trnh dn dng v
cng nghip bng phng php o cao hnh hc
TCXDVN 309 : 2004 Cng tc Trc a trong xy dng cng trnh dn dng v
cng nghip - Yu cu chung
.3
CNG TC O NGHING
.3.1.
K hiu :
Gc phng v, hng nghing
Gc o
Sai s trc ngn ca my kinh v
Khong cch gia hai im, nh thc

235

CH DN K THUT

Vc t lch ( nghing) tng hp ca mt im so vi chn cng trnh
Gc nghing ca cng trnh
ey Vc t lch ( nghing) ca mt im so vi chn cng trnh theo hng

trc Y (trc tung)
eX Vc t lch ( nghing) ca mt im so vi chn cng trnh theo hng
trc X (trc honh)
x, y Gia s to
h Chnh lch cao gia hai im
H, h
m
cao ca mt im, chiu cao ca cng trnh
Sai s trung phng ca mt i lng o
m Sai s trung phng o gc

mD Sai s trung phng o chiu di
mP Sai s trung phng v tr im
MO Sai s vch ch tiu bn ng ca my kinh v
Z
Gc thin nh ca im quan trc
.3.2.
i)
Qui nh chung
Vic o nghing phi bt buc c thc hin.
ii) Phng php o nghing s c la chn tu theo chnh xc yu cu,

iu kin o ngm v trang thit b ca n v tin hnh o c.
iii) biu din nghing v hng nghing i vi mi cng trnh cn xc
lp mt h to thng nht. H to ny c th l chung cho ton b cng
trnh hoc cng c th l cc b i vi tng hng mc ring bit. Vic chn h
to do cn b k thut ch tr quan trc quyt nh.
iv) nghing ca cng trnh cn c th hin bng gc nghing v hng
nghing .
Gc nghing l gc hp bi trc ng l tng (ng dy di) v trc ng
thc t ca cng trnh. Gc nghing (hnh 1) c xc nh theo cng thc:
e
h
(1)
Hng nghing l gc nh hng ca vc t e, l gc hp bi na trn

ca trc Y v hnh chiu ca vc t e trn mt phng (H.1). Hng nghing s
c xc nh theo cng thc:
e
Arctg y
ex
(2)
v) Vic quan trc nghing phi c thc hin bng cc my mc, thit b
ph hp vi tng phng php v chnh xc yu cu. Trc khi a vo s
dng cc my mc thit b phi c kim nghim v hiu chnh theo ng cc
qui nh ca tiu chun hoc qui phm chuyn ngnh.
236

CH DN K THUT

vi) Trong giai on thi cng xy dng nghing ca cng trnh xut hin do li
ca ngi thi cng, v vy n cn phi c pht hin kp thi bn thi cng c
bin php chnh sa.
vii) Vic xc nh nghing ca cng trnh trong giai on ny cn phi c
thc hin lp i lp li theo cc chu k theo di v nh gi s pht trin ca
n theo thi gian. Chu k o c quy nh nh sau:
+ Vi tng vy: 1 thng 1 ln nhng khng t hn 1 sn 1 ln
+ Vi kt cu thng tng: 1 thng 1 ln nhng khng t hn 1 sn 1 ln. Sau
khi hon thnh kt cu thn th p dng chu k 2 thng 1 ln. Sauk hi bn giao
a vo s dng thi quan trc tip 4 ln, 3 thng / ln.
viii) S pht trin ca nghing ca cng trnh trong giai on khai thc s
dng c lin quan trc tip vi s ln lch ca n, v vy song song vi s theo
di nghing cn tin hnh theo di c ln ca cng trnh bng phng
php thu chun hnh hc chnh xc theo TCXDVN 271:2002.
ix) Khi quan trc nghing ca cc cng trnh trong iu kin khng c
khng gian thao tc rng th my kinh v hoc my ton c in t cn phi
c trang b thm knh ngm vung gc v phi s dng loi my c con lc
in t b xin cho hai trc v con lc ny phi c kch hot ch hot
ng.
x) Sai s gii hn khi quan trc nghing ca mt s cng trnh c cho
trong bng 1.
Bng 1- Sai s gii hn khi quan st nghing cng trnh
Loi cng trnh
Sai s
gii hn
0,0001H
ng khi nh my
Cc sil cha vt liu ri, bn cha du, kh ho
lng
Thp truyn hnh, ng ten VTVT
0,0005H
0,001H
Nh cao tng
.3.3.
0,0001H
QUAN TRC NGHING
H to qui c dng quan trc nghing to nh tt nht nn chn

sao cho cc trc ca n song song hoc vung gc vi cc cnh ca to nh
(hnh 2)
Y
A
A
1
Cc im quan trc nghing nn chn ti cc khu vc c th c trng

tt nht cho s dch chuyn ca to nh nh: cc gc nh, khuBvc khe ln, khu
n
Bn
vc c xut
hin cc vt nt v cc khu vc do c quan thit k hoc ban qun
l cng trnh yu cu.
xc nh nghing ca nh cao tng cn b tr cc im o c nh A 1,
A2, An v B1, B2, Bn. Khi t my ti cc im Ai s ngm ti cng trnh theo
hng song song vi trc Y cn khi t my ti cc im B i th ngm my ti
X
cng trnh theo hng song song vi trc X (Hnh 2).
-
B1
B1

A1
An
237
CH DN K THUT

Hnh 2 - H trc ta v cc im quan trc nghing nh

.3.3.1. o nghing trong giai on thi cng xy dng.
i) Trong giai on thi cng xy dng nh cao tng thng ng tng th ca
n c m bo bng cc dng c chiu ng chuyn to t mt bng
c s (mt bng tng 1) ln cc tng. V vy trong giai on ny ch o
nghing cc b ca cc yu t trn tng tng. Cc yu t cn xc nh
nghing l cp-pha b tng cc ct, tng chu lc, bung thang my v
cc yu t khc.
ii) Phng php n gin nht xc nh nghing ca cc yu t ca nh
cao tng trong giai on thi cng l treo dy di v dng thc o khong
cch t dy di n yu t cn kim tra pha trn v pha di.
.3.3.2. o nghing ca cc to nh cao tng trong giai on khai thc s
dng (1 nm u tin)
nghing ca cc to nh cao tng trong giai on khai thc s dng c th
c o bng cc my ton c in t c ch o trc tip khng cn gng,
cc my ton c in t thng thng hoc cc my kinh v.
Vic o nghing ca cc to nh cao tng trong giai on khai thc s dng
bt u bng vic nh du cc im t my c nh nh hnh 2 v cc im
o ti cc v tr c xem xt cn thn theo yu cu ca Ban qun l cng trnh
v c quan thit k. Cc im t my c c nh bng cc mc b tng kin
c trn mt t cch cng trnh mt khong cch ph hp o ngm mt cch
thun li v m bo chnh xc (nu iu kin cho php th nn chn khong
cch t im t my ti chn cng trnh bng chiu cao ca n). Cc im
quan trc c th lm bng kim loi gn c nh vo cng trnh, cng c th nh
du cc im quan trc bng sn hoc dn vo gng giy c bit.
o nghing ca nh cao tng bng my ton c in t c ch o trc
tip bng LASER khng cn gng c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
t my ti im Ai (i=1, 2,... n - cc im c nh nh du trn mt t) sao
cho mt phng chun trc ca my vung gc vi hng X . T A i ln lt ngm
my ti cc im Aj (j=1, 2,..., k - cc im quan trc c nh du trn thn
238

CH DN K THUT

cng trnh) v o cc khong cch ngang tng ng l D (1)A, D(2)A.. D(k)A (hnh A3,
ph lc A);
Chuyn my ra im Bi lm tng t nh im Ai v o c cc khong cch
D(1)B, D(2)B,...D(k)B ;
Tnh thnh phn nghing ca cng trnh dc theo hng X bng cng thc
ey = D(j)A D(1)A
(3)
d. Tnh thnh phn nghing ca cng trnh dc theo hng Y bng cng thc
e(j)x = D(j)B - D(j)B
(4)
e. Tnh ln ca vt t tng hp e
e
2
x
e y2
(5)
f. Tnh gc nghing theo cng thc (1) v hng nghing ca cng trnh theo
cng thc (2).
iii) Nu khng c my ton c in t c ch o trc tip bng LASER th c
th s dng my ton c in t thng thng nhng trong trng hp ny ti
cc im Aij v Bij cn phi dn cc gng giy chuyn dng. Trnh t o v tnh
cc yu t c trng cho nghing ca cng trnh tng t nh trong mc
3.5.3.
iv) Nu khng c my ton c in t v iu kin o ngm cho php th c
th s dng my kinh v thng thng, tt nht nn dng my kinh v in t c
h thng con lc in t hiu chnh nghing ca hai trc (dual axis
correction).Trnh t o ngm v xc nh yu t c trng cho nghing nh
sau:
t my kinh v ti im A i cn my cn thn bng bt thu in t, t Dual axis coorrretion ch m;
Ln lt ngm my ln cc im A ij nh du chu k 1 v c c cc gc
i1, i2 ... ik ;
Chuyn my sang im Bi v lm tng t s c c cc gc i1, i2.
Tnh lch theo hng X bng cng thc:

exj = ( ij -
11 )DAi
(6)
Tnh lch theo hng Y bng cng thc:

eyj = (
- 1j) DBi
(7)
Vc t lch tng hp c tnh theo cng thc (5), hng nghing c tnh
theo cng thc (2) tng t nh trong mc 3.5.3. Cc khong cch t cc im
Ai v Bi ti cng trnh c o vi sai s khng vt qu 1cm.
v) C th s dng my kinh v v mt thc nha hoc thc kim loi thng
thng o nghing theo trnh t sau:
t my ti im Ai tng t nh trong mc 3.5.3;
Ln lt ngm my ln cc im A iJ v h dn ng knh xung c th c s
trn thc t ti im A i1 theo ch ng ca my kinh v. Khong cch t im
Ai1 trn thc ti v tr chiu ca im A ij chnh l thnh phn lch theo hng
X (ex) ca im Aij nh hnh A.2 trong ph lc A
239

CH DN K THUT

Chuyn my sang im B i v lm tng t s xc nh c thnh phn lch

theo hng Y (ey); Cc yu t khc c xc nh theo cc cng thc (5) v (6).
Gii hn nghing thit k:
+ Tng vy:
ti nh tng vy
ti im y h o
Khng qu 10mm
Khng qu 24mm
+ Phn thng tng:

Ti nh nh
Khng qu 42 mm theo phng X
Ti nh nh
Khng qu 52 mm theo phng Y
Ct thp dng trong kt cu b tng ct thp phi m bo cc yu cu ca

thit k, ng thi ph hp vi tiu chun thit k TCXDVN 5575-2012.
Cc thanh thp cn nng s theo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 1651-1:

2008 v thp trn, v TCVN 1651-2:2008 v ct thp bin dng
Cc thanh thp x l ngui s theo yu cu ca tiu chun TCVN 3101:1979.
Thp trn cn nng mt ngoi nhn dng lm ct cho cc kt cu b tng

ct thp bao gm hai loi CB240T and CB300T.
Cc kch thuc v sai s ca cc thanh thp trn s phi theo Bng 2 ca

TCVN 1651-1:2008.
Thnh phn ha hc ca cc thanh thp trn s phi theo nh cc Bng 3

v 4 ca TCVN 1651-1:2008.
Nh thu s tin hnh mt th nghim cng chu ko v mt th nghim

Thp ct vn cn nng c s dng lm ct thp cho cc kt cu BTCT

bao gm 3 loi: CB300V, CB400V and CB500V.
Thp ct vn l thanh thp trn vi hai ng gn chy dc v cc g i

theo ba ng xon vt. i vi thanh thp c ng knh t 6 n 9mm, cho
php cc g i theo hai ng xon vt.
Kch thc v sai lch gii hn ca cc thp ct vn phi ph hp vi Bng 2

tiu chun TCVN 1651-2: 2008
Thnh phn ha hc ca thp vn phi tun theo cc bng 4 v 5 ca TCVN

1651-2:2008.
Nh thu s tin hnh mt th nghim cng chu ko v mt th nghim

i vi thp nhp khu cn c cc chng ch k thut km theo v cn ly

mu th nghim kim tra theo TCVN 197: 1985 "Kim loi - Phng php th
ko" v TCVN 198 : 1985 "Kim loi - Phng php th un".
Bn cnh nhng yu cu th nghim nu trn, nh thu s phi thc hin

cc th nghim ph tr theo ch dn ca k s.
Ct thp khng tun th theo yu cu ca tiu chun k thut s b loi b

khi cng trng.
.4
CNG TC O LN
240

CH DN K THUT

.4.1.
Qui nh chung
i) Vic o ln, o chuyn dch nn nh v cng trnh, cn c tin hnh

theo mt chng trnh c th nhm cc mc ch sau:
Xc nh cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch tuyt i v tng i ca nn
nh v cng trnh so vi cc gi tr tnh ton theo thit k ca chng;
Tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy ra ln, chuyn dch v mc nguy him
ca chng i vi qu trnh lm vic bnh thng ca nh v cng trnh trn c
s a ra cc gii php nh hp nhm phng ng cc s c c th xy ra;
Xc nh cc thng s c trng cn thit v n nh ca nn v cng
trnh;
-
Lm chnh xc thm cc s liu c trng cho tnh cht c l ca nn t;
Dng lm s liu kim tra cc phng php tnh ton, xc nh cc gi tr

ln, chuyn dch gii hn cho php i vi cc loi nn t v cc cng
trnh khc nhau.
ii) Cng vic o ln v o chuyn dch nn mng ca nh v cng trnh
c tin hnh trong thi gian xy dng v s dng cho n khi t c n
nh v ln v chuyn dch. Vic o chuyn dch trong thi gian s dng cng
trnh cn c tin hnh khi pht hin thy cng trnh xut hin cc vt nt ln
hoc c s thay i r nt v iu kin lm vic ca nh v cng trnh.
iii) Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh cn phi xc nh (c lp
hoc ng thi) cc i lng sau:
-
Chuyn dch thng ng( ln, vng, tri);
Chuyn dch ngang( chuyn dch);
nghing;
Vt nt.
iv) Vic o ln v chuyn dch cng trnh c tin hnh theo cc trnh t
sau:
-
Lp cng hoc phng n k thut;
La chn thit k cu to cc loi mc chun v mc quan trc;
Phn b v tr t mc c s mt bng v cao;
Gn cc mc o ln hoc o chuyn dch cho nh v cng trnh;
S dng my o cc gi tr ln, chuyn dch ngang v nghing.
Tnh ton s l s liu v phn tch kt qu o.
v) Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch ngang v nghing nu trong

cng hoc phng n k thut c chn tu thuc vo yu cu chnh
xc ca php o, c im cu to ca mng, c im v a cht cng trnh,
a cht thu vn ca t nn, kh nng ng dng v hiu qu kinh t ca
phng php.
.4.2.
Cng tc chun b trc khi o
i) Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln: Cng tc chun b trc khi o ln

bng phng php o cao hnh hc c nu trong TCXDVN 271: 2002.
241

CH DN K THUT

ii) Cng tc chun b trc khi o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing: Trc khi
o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing nh hoc cng trnh cn xy dng li cc
mc chun. Cc mc chun ny c coi l n nh so vi mt phng nm
ngang ca cc chn ct v c th s dng cc im ny t chn my chiu
ngc theo tng cao ca cc im cn o. So snh s chnh lch gia cc
khong cch ngang ca cc im o s xc nh c gi tr chuyn dch ngang
hoc nghing ca cng trnh theo tng hng cc cao khc nhau.
iii) Trong qu trnh o chuyn dch ngang v o nghing cn phi tin hnh
nh gi n nh ca li mc chun theo mi chu k.
.4.3.
Cc phng php o ln, o chuyn dch nh v cng trnh
.4.3.1. Cc phng php o ln cng trnh

i) Khi o ln ca nh v cng trnh c th s dng 1 trong cc phng php
sau:
-
Phng php o cao hnh hc;
Phng php o cao lng gic;
Phng php o cao thu tnh;
Phng php chp nh.
ii) Phng php s dng ph bin o ln nh v cng trnh l phng

php o cao hnh hc. Quy trnh k thut o v xc nh ln theo phng
php ny c nu trong TCXDVN 271: 2002.
iii) Cc phng php o chuyn dch ngang ca cng trnh
iv) o ln nh v cng trnh c th s dng ring bit mt trong cc
phng php sau hoc s dng kt hp mt s phng php sau:
-
Phng php hng chun;
Phng php o gc - cnh.
v) o chuyn dch ngang theo phng php hng chun thc cht l o
khong cch t cc im kim tra n mt phng thng ng (hng chun) ti
cc thi im khc nhau bng phng php o gc nh hoc phng php bng
ngm di ng.
vi) Trong trng hp khng th thnh lp c hng chun quan trc
chuyn dch ngang cn s dng mt trong cc phng php sau:
-
Phng php giao hi gc, giao hi cnh hoc giao hi gc cnh;
Phng php tam gic;
Phng php ng chuyn a gic.
vii) Sai s gii hn cho php khi o chuyn dch ngang c quy nh nh sau:
1mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn gc; 3mm i vi cng trnh xy
dng trn nn t ct, t st v cc loi t chu nn khc; 5mm i vi cc
loi p t chu p lc cao; 10mm i vi cng trnh xy dng trn nn t
p, t bn chu nn km v 15mm i vi cng trnh bng t p.
242

CH DN K THUT

Yu cu chnh xc khi o chuyn dch ngang i vi cc cng trnh c

bit c tnh ton ring trn c s thit k k thut v cng ngh ca tng
cng trnh;
Trong trng hp cha xc nh trc c hng chuyn dch ca cng
trnh th phi quan trc theo hai hng vung gc vi nhau.
viii) Phng php o nghing cng trnh
ix) chnh xc cn thit khi o nghing cng trnh ph thuc vo loi cng
trnh, chiu cao, chiu di ca cng trnh.
Sai s cho php o nghing ca cc cng trnh khng c vt qu quy
nh sau y:
-
i vi nn b mng ln, my lin hp: 0,00001 L
i vi tng ca cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng : 0,0001H
i vi ng khi, thp, ct cao: 0,0005 H

trong :
L - chiu di ca nn b;
H - chiu cao ca cng trnh.
x) Tu theo iu kin c th ca khu vc, chiu cao ca cng trnh v chnh
xc cn thit la chn cc phng php o nghing sau y:
-
Phng php ta ;
Phng php o gc ngang;
Phng php o gc nh;
Phng php chiu ng;
Phng php o khong thin nh nh.
.4.4.
Ghi chp, lu tr h s:
i) Cc ti liu o c, tnh ton v bn a hnh t l ln phc v cho quy

hoch thit k k thut thi cng xy lp cng trnh phi c lu gi di dng
bo co k thut, bn a hnh in trn giy v bn s.
ii) Cc ti liu h s v li khng ch thi cng, li b tr cng trnh v cc
cng tc trc a cng trnh khc phc v cho thi cng, xy lp, o v hon cng
v quan trc chuyn dch cng trnh phi c tng hp, bo co, nghim thu,
bn giao cho ch u t lu gi trong qu trnh xy dng v s dng cng trnh.
.4.5.
Tn xut o ln
Vic xc nh ln ca cng trnh trong giai on trong v sau khi thi cng ny
cn phi c thc hin lp i lp li theo cc chu k theo di v nh gi s
pht trin ca n theo thi gian. Chu k o c quy nh nh sau:
+ Vi kt cu thng tng: 1 thng 1 ln nhng khng t hn 1 sn 1 ln. Sau
khi hon thnh kt cu thn th p dng chu k 2 thng 1 ln. Sau khi bn giao
a vo s dng thi quan trc tip 4 ln, 3 thng / ln.
.4.6.
LN THIT K
ln thit k d kin nh sau:

+
Thi im hon thnh kt cu cng trnh: < = 30mm

243

CH DN K THUT

+ Thi im sau 1 nm k t khi hon thnh cng trnh a vo s dng: < =

40mm
244


4.spec KT - Me - KC - 1 - 2016

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4.spec KT - Me - KC - 1 - 2016

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CH DN K THUT

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

PHN 1: GII THIU CNG TRNH

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO 1

Lut Doanh nghip s 68/2014/QH13 ca Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

Kt qu thm nh H s thit k c s cng trnh: T hp thng mi, vn

a danh hnh chnh v V tr u t d n:

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

cao ln nht Hmax = 7,13m

Theo s liu thng k mc nc cao nht vo nm 1994: ti H ng 5,79m,

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

c chiu dy hn 50m. Cu to trm tch sng bao gm ct pha, st pha

3.2.3. a cht cng trnh:

IU KIN HIN TRNG, H TNG K THUT

Giao thng khu vc:

H thng cp in- cp nc- thot nc:

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

Trong phm vi quy hoch c h thng cp nc sch, hai bn tuyn

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

Khu vc d n chu tc ng trc tip v tc ng mi trng ca trc ng

QUY M CNG TRNH

Loi cng trnh: Cng trnh cng cng

Cng trnh c cht lng s dng cao, bn vng bc I, c kh nng chu

Cng nng v Din tch sn cc tng:

Tng din tch sn XD (khng gm tng hm): 24.387 m 2.

Chiu cao cng trnh:

Tng 1: 5,3m (cao hn sn 0,75m)

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

Tng 2,3,4,5,6: 4,5m/tng

Tng tum: 2,3m

Pha ng Trn Ph: 36,85m;

Pha sau: 38,05m.

Tiu chun k thut p dng cho d n

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

Lp t. Khi nim lp t dng miu t cc hot ng thi cng cc cng vic

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1

CHNG 2 - CC YU CU V TH TC HNH CHNH

Bo co danh sch nhn s;

Yu cu thng tin trong d n;

Cch thc phi hp gia cc bn;

Th tc trnh duyt cc ti liu;

Nht k thi cng;

Cc cuc hp v bin bn;

Cc mc khc (nu c).

Bo co danh sch nhn s

Quy nh v x l thng tin

N V LP: CNG TY C PHN T VN THIT K KINH DOANH NH

T HP THNG MI, VN PHNG CHO THU MACHINCO1