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2PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 7 Question - 5 * Asa project manager, your best use of the Cost Baseline would be: A. B. Cc. D. Measure and monitor the cost performance of the project Track approved changes Calculate team performance bonuses Measure and report project variable costs Question -6 + The value of work completed so far is: A B. c. D. EV AC PV EACPMP. Exam Preparation End of Module 7 Project Cost Management Based on the PMBOK;: Guide — Fifth edition yayPMP. Exam Preparation Module 8 Project Quality Management Based on the PMBOK # Guide ~ Fifth Euition 3SPMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 8 + Whatis Quality? + Whatis Quality Management? + Cost of Quality + Core PM processes of the Project Quality Management Knowledge Area. © Plan Quality Management o Perform Quality Assurance Control Quality + Seven Basic tools of Quality V3Ww uw ti eu a aan i = i = aay PMP. Exam Preparation Quality ‘Quality is the ongoing process of building and sustaining relationships by assessing, anticipating, and fulfiling stated and implied needs” This definition basically says that quality is "meeting or exceeding customer expectations," Project quality management involves making sure the project meets the needs or expectations of the stakeholder. The project manager is responsible for project quality, whereas senior management is responsible for the quality of the whole organization, \8FPMP. Exam Preparation What is Quality Management? Quality Management on a project is making sure that the final product or service meets certain standards. The standards can be set by the Project Manager or the customer or by established norms such as legal requirements. The three processes of the Project Quality Management Knowledge Area are: + Plan Quality Management + Perform Quality Assurance + Control Quality \Bow ti uaa i) ul = wg PMP: Exam Preparation What is Quality Management? Continued In the context of achieving ISO compatibility, modem quality management approaches seek to minimize variations and to deliver results that meet defined requirements. These types of approach recognize the importance of: Customer satisfaction — understanding, evaluating, defining requirements and expectations of customers and clients Prevention over inspection — Quality should be planned, designed and built into project deliverables not inspected into the project deliverables. Continuous improvement ~ Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) is the basis for quality improvement as defined by Shewhart and modified by Deming. Quality improvement initiatives such as Total Quality Management (TQM) where everyone involved in the project can contribute to its quality improvements and Lean Six Sigma could improve the quality of the project's management as well as the quality of the deliverables Management Responsibility ~ Management retains within it the responsibilty for quality and the for the provision of suitable resources with adequate capabilities, seqPMP. Exam Preparation Cost of Quality Cost of quality includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investing in preventing non-conformance to requirements and ensuring that the product conforms to requirements. Cost of conformance The costs incurred while building in, or ensuring, quality are called the costs of conformance. Costs of conformance can include activities such as: + process documentation, + training, + inspections, and + audits This is money spent to avoid failures.ui ol ub ub wi Wi Daa i) al PMP. Exam Preparation Cost of Quality (Continued) Cost of Non-Conformance There is a potential loss or money spent for costs associated with any resulting project failures. These costs are referred to as the costs of non-conformance. This is money spent because of failures. Costs of non-conformance can include things such as: + payments made out on warranties, + re-work or scrap, and/or + damage to reputation. 44PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Quality Management The goal is to identify all relevant standards that apply to a project as well as the quality requirements that need to be met. ‘Tools & Techniques Outputs Project Management Plan ‘Cost Benefit Analysis ‘Quality Management Plan Stakeholder Regster Cost of Quality (COa) Quality Metrics Risk Register Benchmarking (Quality Checklists Requirements Documentation ‘Seven Basie Tools Process improvement Plan Enterprise Environmental Factors Design of Experiments Project Document Updates ‘Organizational Process ‘Assels ‘Additional Qualty Planning Tools Statistical Samping Mostings 192= iy uy or PMP: Exam Preparation Perform Quality Assurance Standards are being used and analyzed for improvement options. In particular, a Project Manager may run a project quality audit. Quality assurance ensures the proper implementation of the quality system. Inputs ‘Gualiy Management Plan Tools & ‘Quality Audits Outputs ‘Change Requests, ‘Quality Metrics ‘Quality Management and Control Toots Project Management Plan Updates ‘Quality Checkists Process Analysis Project Document Updates Process Improvement Pian Organizational Process: Assots Updates Project Documents 193,PMP. Exam Preparation Control Quality Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Inputs Tools & Techniques ‘Outputs Project Management Plan | Seven Basic Tools of Quality | Qualty Control Measurements ‘Quality Metres ‘Statistical Sampling Vabdated Changes (Quality Checklists Inspection| Verified Dalverables ‘Work Performance Data | Approved Change Requests Work Performance Review Information ‘Approved Change Requests Project Management Pian Updates Procurement Documents Project Document Updates Dalverables ‘Organizational Process ‘Assets Updates: ‘Organizational Process: ‘Assets 194wm ui “a i ll Wl ill PMP. Exam Preparation Seven Basic Tools of Quality Ishikawa's seven basic tools can be: understood and used by anyone without training in statistics used to solve the vast majority of quality-related issues 1. Cause and Effect Diagrams 2. Flowcharts 3. Check-sheets 4. Histograms 5. Pareto Charts or Diagrams 6. Scatter Diagrams 7. Control Charts sasPMP. Exam Preparation Cause & Effect Diagram A graphic too! that helps identify, sort, and display possible causes of a problem or quality characteristic, Also called fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams. Basic layout of Cause & Effect Diagram Benefits of using this diagram: + Helps determine root causes + Encourages group participation + Uses an orderly, easy-to-read format + Increases process knowledge + Identifies areas for collecting data Gaurece 196ti =| az =a oa ae =) = PMP. Exam Preparation = Flowchart a “sj Aictorial representation of the separate steps of a ; process in sequential order. “Sj Used in designing and documenting complex Processes, Like other types of diagrams, they help L visualize what is going on and thereby help the = Viewer to understand a process, and perhaps also find flaws, bottlenecks, and other less-obvious J features within it. Help you get a handle on how processes work by J showing all of the decision points graphically. = =| = = \9 | Start Do Decide Do > Do End _j«—_’PMP. Exam Preparation Check sheet ‘Also known as Tally sheets and can be used as a checklist while gathering data. Facts are organized in a manner, which will facilitate the effective collection of useful data about a potential quality problem. Itis especially useful for gathering attributes data while performing inspections to identify defects. This is later put into Pareto Diagrams for analysis. Checksheets Category Strokes Frequency | Awibute # Attribute 2 ARIUS oo Attribute AaBGo i TAPER IE a LL LL Mapa a a PMP: Exam Preparation Histogram Ahistogram is a vertical bar chart showing how often a particular variable occurred, Histograms are used to plot the density of data, and often for density estimation, and estimating the probability density function of the underlying variable,PMP: Exam Preparation Pareto Chart A bar graph, where the lengths of the bars represent frequency or cost (time or money), and are arranged with the longest bars on the left and the shortest to the right. Pareto charts help to figure out which problems need attention right away. They're based on the idea that a large number of problems are caused by a small number of causes. In fact, that's called the 80 / 20 rule - 80% of the defects are usually caused by 20% of the causes, + 80% of defects 20% of causes 200a a 3 —| sj PMP. Exam Preparation sj Run Chart | Also known as a run-sequence plot, it is a graph that displays observed data in a time Sj sequence. Often, the data displayed represent some aspect of the output or performance of a manufacturing or other business process Run charts are similar to the control charts used in statistical process control, but do not al show the control limits of the process. observed data time sequencePMP. Exam Preparation Scatter Diagram The scatter diagram graphs pairs of numerical data, with one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship between them. If the variables are correlated, the points will fall along a line or curve. The better the correlation, the tighter the points will hug the line. Scatter charts help look at the relationship between two different kinds of data. ld Faithful Eruptions http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scatter_plot yor OLa GoW i =| il ial a aan bial PMP-Exam Preparation Control Chart Also known as Shewhart charts or process behavior charts have a central line for the average, an upper line for the upper control limit and a lower line for the lower control limit. ‘The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are plotted in time order. observed data time sequence Process out of control UCL = Upper Control Limit LCL = Lower Control Limit 203PMP. Exam Preparation Questions - Module 8 1 Project Quality Management |= Gal Lk) Gk) ik ta] ey = REP Gk) ak) APA EE PMP: Exam Preparation Questions Module 8 Question —1 In which one of the following charts is the rule of seven used? A. Control Chart B. Run Chart C. Pareto Chart D. Flowchart Question - 2 * You are a project manager and h find out what standards and py process is being performed? gom> lave been called by the senior management team to ractices are being followed in your project. By this, which Total Quality Management Plan Quality Management Perform Quality Assurance Control QualityPMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 8 Question - 3 * An Ishikawa Diagram is used in which of the following process area(s)? A. Plan Quality Management B. Control Schedule C. Perform Quality Assurance YD. Control Quality Question —4 + Which one of the following best represents the Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy? ‘A. Decreasing inventory to zero or near zero level B. Everyone in the organization can contribute to quality improvements C. Zero defects D. Continuous improvement is preferred over disruptive changes 206= tai Amy dad imi tai Lab bal ia eee ee PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 8 Question - 5 pom> Ina Control Chart, the upper and lower contro mean? | limits are set at what value from the . One standard deviation Two standard deviations ye Three standard deviations . Six standard deviations Question - 6 * The com> PDCA cycle was initially proposed by: ISO body Edwards Deming Francis Bacon Walter D. Shewart 4 wt fF ether ony Seper peat tea We Veo ee Gut Vesela) Ul < ¢ PL ee y ya ho 267PMP. Exam Preparation End of Module 8 Project Quality Management Based on the PMBOK: Guide ~ Fifth edition Lea a a 3 = = bes kal PMP. Exam Preparation Module 9 Project Human Resource Management Based on the PMBOK» Guide — Fifth Edition 204PMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 9 What is Human Resource Management? Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Sponsor Functional Manager vs. Project Manager Core PM processes of the Human Resource Management Knowledge Area. Plan Human Resource Management Acquire Project Team Develop Project Team Manage Project Team 0000 Conflict Management Motivation Theory 2lePMP. Exam Preparation Human Resource Management Project Human Resource Management includes the processes of planning, acquiring, organizing, managing and leading the project human resource team. Project resource management includes the following: * Plan Human Resource Management: identify and document Project roles, responsibilities, reporting relationships as well as creating the staffing management plan. Acquire Project Team: obtain the human resources needed to complete the project. * Develop Project Team: improve the competencies and interaction of team members to enhance project management. * Manage Project Team: tracking team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues and coordinating changes to enhance project performancePMP. Exam Preparation Role of Project Sponsor The sponsor is a key stakeholder of the project that provides the financial resources, in cash or in kind, for the project. There may be more than one sponsor for a project. The Project Sponsor: Is responsible for providing the project budget Provides authority to the project manager. Prioritizes the constraints for the project. Approves the project management plan. Enforces quality policies Approves changes Formally accepts project deliverables. Ensures the benefits from the project are realized 2ILPMP. Exam Preparation Functional vs. Project Manager Functional Manager - A manager responsible for activities in a specialized department or function. functional manager is responsible for one of the principle elements of the organization, such as production, marketing, finance, etc. Project Manger - A manager or individual responsible for managing a project. A Project manager is responsible for the whole project and each phase. The project manager is the person responsible for accomplishing the project objectives within the constraints of the Each functional manger tends to emphasize | project. his/her own function or department and his/her authority level is limited to his/her department or function. A Functional manager is likely to be a part of the function or department planning and controlling. The project manager is involved in the Planning, controlling and monitoring, and managing the assigned project resources to best meet project objectives. 213PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Human Resource Management * Plan Human Resource Management is the process of identifying and documenting project roles, responsibilities, and required skills, reporting relationships, and creating a staffing management plan. + Itestablishes project roles and responsibilities, project organization charts, and a staffing management plan inputs Project Management Plan Tools & Techniques ‘Organizational Cherie & Position Descriptions Outputs Human Resource ‘Management Pian Activity Resources Requirements Networking Enterprise Environmental Factors (Organizational Theory Organizational Process Expert Judgement Meetings a 244PMP. Exam Preparation Acquire Project Team [The Acquire Project Team process involves the process of obtaining the specific human resource needed to accomplish all phases of the given project and thereby meeting the objectives or goals of the project. Inputs Tools & Techniques Outputs Human Resource Pre- Assignment, Project Staff Assignments Management Pian Enterprise Envionena Togotaton Resource Gaenaas | | acorn a Organizational Process ‘Acquisition Project Management Plan ; a Urasten E Vial Fears ‘Muit-Crteria Decision Analysis a sm” wan er i uePMP. Exam Preparation Develop Project Team The Develop Project Team process under Human Resource Management is the means by which "improving competencies, team interaction and the overall team environment will enhance project performance.” Tnputs Tools & Techniqué Outputs Human Resource Interpersonal Skis "Team Performance Management Plan Assessments Project Staff Assignments | Personal Assessment Tools | Enterprise Environmental Factor Updates Resource Calondars Training Ground Rules ‘Ce-Lecation| cognition and Rewards Team Builing Activitesia an oar aar Ee PMP. Exam Preparation Develop Project Team Team Building Activities: Team building can come in the form of five minute briefings, sports activities or professional facilitated meetings. Team building is essential in the early stages of a project. Itis a continual process throughout a project. The project manager must continually monitor the functionality and Performance of the team and take action to prevent or correct various team problems. The Tuckman Ladder (Tuckman & Jensen, 1977) includes five stages of team development: Forming. Storming. © Norming, Performing. Adjourning.PMP. Exam Preparation Develop Project Team Forming — is where the team meets and learns about the project and their formal roles and responsibilities. At this point team members tend to be independent and not as open to one another. Storming — here the team starts to address the project work, technical decisions and the management approach to the project. The team needs to be open and collaborative at this stage or the environment can become counterproductive. Norming — team members begin to work together and adjust to the environment. They also may adjust their own work habits to suit the environment. Performing — reaching this stage a team will be well organized. They will be interdependent and work through issues smoothly and effectively. Adjourning — the team completes the work and moves on from the project to other assignments. 2i id ial ak ans alr PMP: Exam Preparation Manage Project Team Manage Project Team process involves the tracking and appraisal of team member performance, providing feedback, resolving issues, managing conflict and coordinating changes to enhance project performance. Management Plan Tools & Techniques Observation and Conversation Outputs ‘Change Reque Project Stat Assignments, Project Performance Aopratsals Project Management Plan Updates Issue Log Confct Menegement Project Document Updates “Team Performance Interpersonal Skils Enterprise Environmental Assessments Factors Updates Work Performance Repors (Organizational Process Assets Updates Organizational Process Assets 214PMP: Exam Preparation Conflict Management Conflict is a form of interacting where we find ourselves under perceived threat to our : personal or collective goals. Conflict is an inevitable consequence of organizational interactions. Conflict situations result in negative and positive effects. They may help diffuse more serious conflicts, stimulate a search for new facts or resolution, increase group cohesion and performance, and demonstrate the power or ability of the conflicting parties. ane |i uu ig) iat i) ikl ik a ik) PMP: Exam Preparation Conflict Management (Continued) Conflict can be avoided by: + Keeping the project team informed about the exact project status * Assigning responsibilities in such a way that overlapping of responsibilities do not occur. * Keep the whole project team motivated, Approaches to conflict resolution: * Avoidance approach + Compromise approach * Confronting or problem solving approach + Smoothing approach * Forcing approach 22)PMP. Exam Preparation Motivation is an internal drive to meet a set of objectives. Being a project manager one should be aware of what motivates the team, in order Motivation Theory | to get the results expected. McGregor's X-Y theory. According to McGregor, there are the following two types of managers: + Theory X managers believe people are self-centered, are only motivated by their physiological and safety needs. They lack ambition and have very little problem solving skills, they also dislike and try to avoid work. + Theory Y managers trust their employees. People are willing to work without supervision, They are creative, committed and want to achieve something. qi=| i i ty ug ay inl ETT Rak PMP. Exam Preparation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs Masiow’s hierarchy fesnart of others, hee by others’ People who feel secure naed Family, i toveldslong: friendship, family, sexual intimacy 223PMP. Exam Preparation Questions - Module 9 Project Human Resource Management ' |a3 Gu aad lab th ual a = ur uF PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 9 Question ~1 * Which one of the following is the best form of Conflict Management technique? A. Withdraw B. Avoidance C. Confront D. Compromise Question - 2 + What do the letters RACI stand for in a RACI chart? Responsible, Analyze, Consult and Inform Responsible, Accountable, Confirm and Inform Role, Accountability, Confirmation and Information Responsible, Accountable, Consult and Inform pom> asPMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 9 Question - 3 + Atthe higher level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which one will hold true? A Food, Sleeping and Breathing B. Self confidence, Achievement Cc. D. Security of family, Employment Friendship, Family Question - 4 + AResource Calendar is prepared for the resources within the Human Resource Management Knowledge Area and is part of: pom> Human Resource Plan Release Plan Staffing Management Plan 17 Project Management Plan pela id Ww fil Ti ui i ta PMP: Exam Preparation Questions Module 9 Question -5 * What is the correct sequence of steps taken during the development of a project team? A. Storming, Forming, Norming and Adjourning B. Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning C. Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Relieving D. Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Achieving and Adjourning Question -~6 * The best forms of power given to a project manager are: SOM>y Reward and Referral Reward and Formal Expert and Reward — Expert and Formal 227PMP. Exam Preparation 3 : End of Module 9 Project Human Resource Management Based on the PMBOK. Guide — Fifth edition whe Ih I US wya a =j PMP. Exam Preparation Module 10 Project Communications Management Based on the PMEOKe Guide - Fifth Editon ‘argPMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 10 + What is Communication? + Communication Methods, Technology and Channels + Basic Communication Model + Key Terminology in Project Communication Management + Core PM processes of the Communication Management Knowledge Area. o Plan Communications Management © Manage Communications © Control Communications ayePMP. Exam Preparation Communication Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient. The communication process is complete once the receiver has. understood the sender. Project teams are not normally natural teams and sometimes do not even reside in the same geographic location. Unique delivery methods and communication devices need to be utilized to overcome this challenge. 4 ao Project managers spend most of their time in communicating to stakeholders. * “\ A project manager needs to understand the project well enough to know who needs to know which pieces of information, and just as importantly, which pieces of information are of no use to other members. Communication isn’t about how much you say to everyone, it's about saying the i right things to the right people. 23)PMP. Exam Preparation Communication Methods The PMBOKs Fifth Edition categorizes the methods: ‘of communication into: * Interactive Communication + Push Communication + Pull Communication For Interactive communication, all stakeholders involved in the communication can Fespond to each other in real-time i.e. face-to-face meetings, video conferencing, phone calls & messenger chats. Push communication is a method in which information is distributed without any feedback from the recipients i.e. meeting notes to people after a brainstorming workshop, email or voicemail. Organizations use push communication to notify shareholders through a press release. Pull communication is best for a large audience that needs to access information at their discretion. i.e. organization websitesPMP. Exam Preparation Basic Communication Model A Communication model looks like a circle with 3 parts (see picture) + The sender + The message * The receiver. Encode: To translate thoughts or ideas into a language that is understood by others. Decode: To translate the message back into meaningful thoughts or ideas. Sender Receiver Message Each message is encoded by the sender and decoded by the receiver. 232,PMP. Exam Preparation Communication Channels onsideration the number of communication and how complex it might be. It is important to and to limit the number of channels to only The Project Manager must also take into c channels that will be involved in the project establish who will communicate with whom those necessary to complete the project. The formula for establishing the number of communicati n(n-1)/2 Where “n’ represents the number of stakeholders. ions channels is: Example: There are 10 stakeholders involved in a project. The number of communication channels will be: n=10 Using the formula 410(10-1)/2=45 There are 45 communications channels for this project.w ial ial tal PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Communications Management Plan communication is the process of developing an appropriate approach and plan for project communications based on the stakeholder’s information needs and requirements, and available organizational assets Inputs Tools & Techniques ‘Outputs Project Menegement Plan | Communicatons Requirement | Communications Manag alysis Plan ‘Siekeholder Register ‘Communications Technology | _ Project Document Updates om Enterprise Environmental ‘Communications Models : Factors L (Organizational Process ‘Communications Methods = ‘Assets mer 236PMP, Exam Preparation Plan Communications Management continued ARACI Chart is a matrix based chart known also as a responsibility assignment matrix (RAM). A RACI Chart (responsible, accountable, consult, and inform) is useful when the project team consists of internal and external resources and it assists in ensuring clear divisions of individual roles and expectations. A Raia aa ae AGI Chart ‘Aativity Dave William Carol Bon 1 Greate Project Keele Charter A R 1 Il t Collect ' requirements t A R c c ‘Submit Change 1 A R R ce Requests Develo Project Plan A c. t t R R=Responsible A=Accountable C= Consult |= Inform 236wi = las PMP: Exam Preparation Manage Communications The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving, and the ultimate disposition of project information in accordance with the Communication Management Plan. Inputs ‘Communications Management Plan ‘Outputs Project Communications Work Performance Reports ‘Communications Models Project Management Plan Updates Enterprise Environmental | Communications Methods | Project Document Updaes| Factors Organizational Process: Information Management Organizational Process ‘Assets ‘Systems ‘Assets Updates: Performance Raparting 234PMP. Exam Preparation Control Communications The process of m project life cycle t met. This helps in optimal information fi jonitoring and controlling communications throughout th 0 ensure the information needs of the project stakeholders are low among all participants. SS wi i ee e entire Inputs Project Management Plan Tools & techniques Tnformation Mi Systems nt ‘Outputs Work Information Project Communications Expert Judgement Change Requests Issue Log Meetings Project Management Plan Updates: ‘Work Performance Data Project Dacument Updates ‘Organizational Process: Assets ‘Organizational Process: ‘Aseets Updates: 23gtal = a See ee — PMP. Exam Preparation Questions - Module 10 Project Communications Management 224PMP, Exam Preparation Questions Module 10 Question -1 + Anissue Log is an Input to which process area in the Communication Management Knowledge Area? A. Plan Communications Management B, Manage Communications Management C. Control Communications Management D. Monitor Communications Management Question -2 + You have prepared the Project Management Plan and have sent it through email. What form of communication is being used? A. Informal, Written ~ B, Informal, Verbal C. Formal, Written D. Formal, Verbal 24i id ua i i PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 10 Question - 3 You have a team of 15 People and recently one of the members moved to another project team. How many communication channels are removed due to this? A 12 B. 14 Cc. 15 D. 18 Question ~ 4 4 Xt? ) woe The Project Management Plan is not one of the Inputs to which process area? pom> Plan Communications Management Manage Communications Control Communications Both A and C “auPMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 10 Question - 5 + The number of internal and external stakeholders on a project are “I’ and “E”, respectively. How many communication channels are possible? A N*(N-1)/2 B. I*(1-1)/2 C. Et(E-1)/2 D. (+E)*(+E-1)/2 % Question - 6 + The responsibility of decoding the message lies with: . The Sender . The Receiver — . Communication Channel Communication Methods pom> 2ULAes GME Gl ee RL SAE 3 PMP: Exam Preparation mates End of Module 10 Project Communications Management Based on the PMBOK. Guide — Fifth edition : 24PMP. Exam Preparation Module 14 Project Risk Management Based on the PMBOKe Guide — Fifth Edition 24hPMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 11 * What is Risk? + Project Management Risk's reted tenry yl + How is risk & EMV calculated? ¢ * Risk Classification + Decision Tree Analysis * Risk Reserve & Contingency Reserve + Key Terminology in Project Risk Management * Core PM processes of the Risk Management Knowledge Area © 00000 Plan Risk Management Identify Risk Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis Plan Risk Responses Control Risks 2gPMP. Exam Preparation Risk According to the PMBOKs Guide Fifth Edition, risk is “an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project's objectives.” Two characteristics of a risk in project management are: + Itoccurs from elements of uncertainty (probability). + It might have negative or positive effects on meeting the project objectives (impact). Risk Management includes: * planning risk management + identifying and analyzing the risks + preparing the response plan + monitoring the risk + implementing the risk response if the risk ocours 2u6ww iw a wy Wow Ww w Ww uu = ik} PMP. Exam Preparation Project Management Risk Processes Plan Risk Management - to determine how to conduct risk management for the project at hand. Identify Risks - to identify and document the risks that might occur. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis - to estimate the overall probability and impact for risks to occur and to prioritize them accordingly for further analysis. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis - to analyze numerically the probability and effect of selected risks on meeting the project objectives, Plan Risk Responses - to prepare a risk response plan in order to increase the positive impact and decrease the negative impact of risks on the project. Control Risks - to track identified risks, identify new risks, execute risk response plans, and evaluate the effectiveness of the responses, 2PMP. Exam Preparation Risk & Expected Monetary Value (EMV) EMV = Probability x Impact (in units of money) + EMV calculates the average result of positive (opportunity) and negative (threat) risks. + The EMV of opportunities are expressed as positive values, while those of threats are negative. + EMV for a project is calculated by multiplying the value of each possible outcome bj its probability of occurrence and adding the results together. + Acommon use of this type of analysis is in decision tree analysis. 24g= PMP: Exam Preparation Risk & Expected Monetary Value (EMV) (Continued) Example: There is a negative tisk (threat) that has a 25% probability of prohibiting the execution of the work package ABC and if that risk occurs the impact of not having —, _ executed the package is estimated at $10,000. SS EMv = 25% * $10,000 = -2,500. ‘There is also a positive risk (opportunity) that has a 10% probability of speeding up sq__ the execution of the work package ABC and if that happens it will save the project = $15,000. = EMV = 10% * $15,000 = +$1,500. Therefore, the EMV for the work package ABC is $1,500 - $2,500 = -$1,000 2uqPMP. Exam Preparation Risk Classification Risk categorization is the grouping of project risks that can support: + Risk identification by acting as a check list, + Risk response planning as many of the risks in a particular category can often be addressed with the same response strategy. Project risks can be categorized as: + External risks i.e. an unstable legal or regulatory environment, labor issues, changing owner priorities, or weather. + Internal (organizational) risks such as cost, time, and scope objectives that are internally inconsistent, lack of prioritization of projects, inadequacy or interruption of funding, and resource conflicts with other projects in the organization, 3 }a“ wo wh PMP: Exam Preparation mw Risk Classification (Continued) =—| Technical risks: such as reliance on unproven or complex technology, unrealistic Performance goals, changes to the technology used or to industry standards during the project. * Project Management risks: such as poor allocation of time and resources, inadequate Quality of the project plan, poor use of project management disciplines. Risk categories can be represented by a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS): Project Management citi i wi)PMP. Exam Preparation Decision Tree Analysis An assessment of the data using the decision tree method to evaluate various possible outcomes. Allows decision-makers to factor in both probability and impact for each branch of every decision under consideration. « Tedicates the decision that will provide the greatest expected monetary value (EMV) when all the uncertain implications of costs, rewards and subsequent decisions are quantified. To use decision tree analysis in Project Risk Management, you need to: Document a decision in a decision tree Assign a probability of occurrence for the risk pertaining to that decision. ‘Assign monetary value of the impact of the risk if it occurs. Compute the expected monetary value for each decision path ash iE serra aR a i re Ncw i B) Ul al a! i) 1 H PMP. Exam Preparation Decision Tree Example The diagram depicts the decision tree. The EMV associated with each risk is calculated b the impact. Build new product: EMV (5m x 0.5) - $0.5m. = $ 2,000,000 Buy new product: EMV ‘$3m x 0.8) - $0.8m = $ 1,600,000 Retain legacy product EMV = ($0.5m x 1.0)-0 = $500,000 qcedeal FV rH jot Retain Legacy Product, buy or bulla? (expected monetary value) y multiplying the probability of the risk by Probability of Success 0.51 Bulle new product [Cost $509,000 0.50 0.20 uy new product ‘Cost $800,000 0.80 Retain legacy oo product Cost $0 1.00 253, Market Faure Revenue $0, success Revenue $ 5m Market Fallure Revenue $0 Market Success Revenue $3m Market Failure Revenue $000 Market Success everve $500,000PMP. Exam Preparation Risk & Contingency Reserve Risk Reserve Contingency Reserve Contingency Reserve is: Budgeted Cost _, ( + Established to deal with unknown risks and oF Planned Cost accepted known risks. | Management Reserve + Might be in the form of additional time, money S a or resources. Contingency Reserv cores + Covers risk events that are not accounted for. Project in the project baseline for duration and cost. estimations. Control A/c Sy ae Semi * Determined by the potential impact of the risk Works but should include enough to implement any ig contingency plans as well as a buffer for Activities dealing with unidentified risks. 284= ai al = Pe a PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Risk Management Plan Risk Management is the process of determining how to conduct Risk Management for the project at hand and document it in the Risk Management Plan. Inputs Project Management Plan Tools & Techniques “Analytical Techniques Outputs Risk Management Plan Project Charter Expert Judgement ‘Stakeholder Register Meetings Enterprise Environmental Factors Organizational Process etsPMP. Exam Preparation Identify Risks Identifying risks is the process of identifying and documenting the risks that might occur for a given project. Inputs Tools & Techniques Outputs Risk Management Plan Documentation Reviows Risk Regster Cost Management Plan Information Gathering Techniques: ‘Schedule Management Plan Checklist Analysis ‘Quality Management Plan ‘Assumpiions Analysis, Human resource Management Plan. Diagramming Techniques ‘Scope Baseline ‘SWOT Analysis ‘Activity Gost Estimates Expert Judgement ‘Activity Duration Estimates ‘Stakeholder Register Project Documents Procurement Documents Enterprise Environmental (Organizational Process Aseote 286 CN, eeia a tel ta) tal ta ta PMP. Exam Preparation = Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis = Used to estimate the overall probability for risks to occur and their impact and to prioritize them accordingly for further analysis. =| 4Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis Control Risks Plan Risk Responses 26PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 11 Question - 5 + Which one of the following process areas give a numeric value weight in monetary terms? A. Plan Risk Management B. Identify Risks C. Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis D. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis Question - 6 + You are planning to take a healthcare insurance plan for your family What kind of risk response strategy you are adopting? Accept Transfer Mitigate Avoid vpom> 6lyfl (A aa aad i tah Tar ee ee ee aa as PMP. Exam Preparation End of Module 14 Project Risk Management Based on the PMBOK. Guide — Fifth edition bEa PMP. Exam Preparation ) s : a is - 4 Module 12 - Project Procurement Management J ia Based on the PMBOKe Guide — Fifth Edition ee.lab lal aa lal ai PMP. Exam Preparation tal Content of Module 12 lal tal + What is a Contract? + Different Types of Contracts + Advantages and Disadvantages of contract types + Key Terminology in Project Procurement Management * Processes of the Project Procurement Management Knowledge Area. ual lal a + Plan Procurement Management * Conduct Procurements * Control Procurements + Close Procurements 67PMP. Exam Preparation Contract Alegally enforceable agreement between two or more parties. Contracts contain terms and conditions that set the rights and obligatione of the contracting parties, The aim of a procurement Contract is to obtain the services Or products as agreed in the contract to the satisfaction of all parties to the contract. Procurement Management helps ensure that the Products and components not made by a company but purchased from outside the Project will not negatively impact on the quality of the project's final product, The procurement manager or office (contract manager) is normally responsible for creating and managing the procurement contract. oessj PMP. Exam Preparation ’ TPT en Contract Types Fixed Price (FP or FFP) - "firm fixed price" also called "Lump Sum". The simplest type of contract. The buyer specifies the work required and the supplier quotes a price. The seller assumes almost all of the risks of this contract Time and Materials (T&M) - simple billing at pre-negotiated rates for labor and materials on a project. Rates normally include a certain percentage markup for overheads or profit. In this arrangement the buyer carries most of the risk. Cost Reimbursable (CR) - in this type of contract the buyer agrees to reimburse the seller’s actual costs. Added to that is a fee that typically represents the seller's profit. In this type of contract the buyer carries most of the risk. egPMP. Exam Preparation Advantages & Disadvantages — Fixed Price Contract Advantages of fixed price contracts: + Less work for the buyer to manage. + The seller has a strong incentive to control costs. + Companies normally have experience with this type of contract. + The buyer knows the total price at project start. Disadvantages of fixed price contracts include: + The seller may underprice the work and try to make up profits on change orders. + The seller may not complete some of the contract statement of work once the contact becomes unprofitable. + More work for the buyer to write the contract statement of work + Can be more expensive than cost reimbursable contracts. he + The seller will have to provide for risk in the price quoted a 270.a PMP. Exam Preparation = Advantages & Disadvantages — Time & Materials Contract Advantages of time & materials contracts include: * Quick to create * Good choice when hiring "bodies" or people to augment staffing. Disadvantages of time & materials contracts include: ia * Seller has no incentive to control cost * Requires monitoring of daily output * More suitable for small projects only —a 7T/L Dey eal yong PMP. Exam Preparation I 5 Advantages & Disadvantages — Cost Reimbursable Contract q : Advantages of cost reimbursable contracts include: a + Simpler contract statement of work. + Usually requires less work to define the scope than fixed price. + Generally lower cost than fixed price because the seller does not have to “add on” for risk. : i iL! Disadvantages of cost reimbursable contracts include: TL WL + Require auditing of the seller's invoices. + Require more work for the buyer to manage. hadi) Seller has only a moderate incentive to control costs. Total price is unknown. Ee d [ jtal ta PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Procurement Management Procurement planning is the process that enables the procurement of products and services from external or internal suppliers. 4 Tools Tochiques ouput a Wake orBuy Anabae | Procireman Management an = RequrementsDocumenaion | Exper todgment | Procurement utovans o wor ak Regier Matt Research Wake or Buy Designs ‘Aatiy Resource Mesias Procrement Dossiers : Roquroment > Projet Scheie Source Selection Cronin = Falvy Cos Eninaes Change Requests | Sikahader Reg Proje Document Updates =| Erieise Enviromental fects 5 Orgerizatonal Paces = sts =| i a d | iPMP. Exam Preparation Conduct Procurements Conduct Procurements is the process of obtaining responses from sellers, selecting sellers, and awarding contract(s) to the selected seller(s). Inputs Tools & Techniques ‘Outputs Procurement Management Bidder Conferences ‘Selected Sellers Plan ‘Procurement Documents Proposal Evaluation ‘Agreements Techniques. ‘Sourea Selection Grteria Independent Estimates Resource Calendars ‘Seller Proposals Expert Judgement Change Requests, Project Documents ‘Advertsing Project Manegement Plan Updates Make or Buy Decisions ‘Analytical Techniques: Project Document Updates: Procurement Statement of work Procurement Negotiations Organizational Process Assels erya Le a tel tal tal i PMP. Exam Preparation Control Procurements The process of managing procurement relat Performance and making changes & correcti ionships, monitoring contract ions as requested. System Information Procurement Documents | Procurement Performance ‘Change Requests, Reviews ‘Agreements Inspections and Audits Project Management Plan Updates ‘Work Performance Reports Payment Systems Project Document Updates Work Performance Data Claims Administration Organizational Process ‘Assets Updates Records Management System Performance Reporing erPMP. Exam Preparation Close Procurements Close Procurements, as the name suggest is simply closing the procurements required by the project. Inputs Tools & Techniques ‘Outputs Project Management Plan Procurement Audis ‘Closed Prosurements Procurement Documents Procurement Negotiations Organizational Process: ‘Assets Updates Record Management Systems 216ala a tal tal tal jal | ee ee ee PMP. Exam Preparation Questions - Module 12 Project Procurement Management 97PMP. Exam Preparation ’ Questions Module 12 Question —1 + Which of the following contracts is not of fixed type? A. Firm Fixed Price B. Fixed Price Incentive Fee —C. Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment D. Fixed Price with Fixed Fee Question -2 + As project manager you found that to automate certain test cases and perform analysis with your team to find out whether to build or buy certain software. Which Tools and Techniques from which Process Area are you working on? Checking on the Procurement documents in Plan Procurement Make or buy analysis in Plan Procurement Build or buy analysis in Plan Procurement Checking on the Source Selection Criteria op m>ea 4 ta PMP. Exam Preparation lar Questions Module 12 Question 3 4 * Which type of contract pose minimal risk to the seller? VA. T&M , a B. FFP ete pets inteuhie oo C. CPIF et Paths espns py oh js 7 D. CP-EPA Beemer hy ares hd 4 Question-4 * Which process area falls into the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group during 5 Procurement Management? A. Plan Procurement Management B. Conduct Procurements v-C. Administer Procurements D. Close Procurements i | eePMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 12 Question - 5 + You completed your project and delivered the project to the buyer. The buyer has accepted the deliverables, but is not happy with the result. What is the correct statement about the contract? A. Contract is incomplete B. Lack of terms and conditions in the contract C. Contract is complete and can be closed D. Contract is to be renewed Question —6 + AProcurement Audit happens in which Process Area? A. Plan Procurement Management B. Conduct Procurements C. Control Procurements ~ D. Close Procurements 2g0Al tab ia ta) ver tm ae PRP Gn ty ta PMP: Exam Preparation End of Module 12 Project Procurement Management Based on the PMBOK, Guide - Fifth edition 28.PMP. Exam Preparation Module 13 Project Stakeholder Management Based on the PMBOKe Guide — Fifth Edition 282=] a =a : PMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 13 + Who is a Stakeholder? + Stakeholder Register * Various Analytical Techniques for Stakeholder Analysis * Various Management and Interpersonal Skills * Key Terminology in Project Stakeholder Management * Processes of the Project Stakeholder Management Knowledge Area © Identify Stakeholders © Plan Stakeholder Management © Manage Stakeholder Engagement © Control Stakeholder Engagement * 293PMP. Exam Preparation Stakeholder and Stakeholder Management Stakeholder: + Anyone who can impact the project or can be impacted by the project in a positive or negative way + Some stakeholders may have a limited ability to influence the project, where as others may be a significant influence on the project + Stakeholders can be people, groups or organizations Stakeholder Management: + Includes processes required to identify various stakeholders, analyze expectations and to develop appropriate management strategies for effectively engaging stakeholders in project decisions and execution Includes communication with stakeholders to understand needs and expectations, managing conflicting interests and fostering appropriate stakeholder engagement ORlal ‘alla a PMP. Exam Preparation Identify Stakeholders The process of identifying the people, groups or organizations that could be Impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project; analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvernent, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success Inputs Tools & Techni Outputs Project Charter ‘Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Register Procurement Documents Expert Judgement = Enterprise Environmental Meetings = Factors Organizational Process ‘AssetsPMP. Exam Preparation Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholder Analysis: + Atechnique of systematically gathering and analysing qualitative and quantitative information to determine whose interest should be taken into account in 3 steps. Step —1: Identify all the stakeholders with their roles, interests, expectations, influence etc. The later part is typically done by interviewing the identified stakeholders. o Step —2: Identify the potential impact each stakeholder could generate and classify them so as to define an appropriate strategy. o Step —3: Assess how key stakeholders are likely to react or respond in various situations, in order to plan how to influence them to enhance their support and mitigate potential negative impacts. 786a PMP. Exam Preparation Stakeholder Analysis Grids * Various Grids can be defined during Stakeholder Analysis. © Power/Interest Grid: Level of authority (Power) © Power/Influence Grid: Level of authority (Power (Influence) © Influence/Impact Grid: Level of. and Level of concern (Interest) ) and Level of active involvement active involvement (Influence) and their ability to affect changes to a project's planning or execution (Impact) © Salience Model: Describes classes of Stakeholders based on impose their will), urgency (appropriate involvement) their power (ability to (need for immediate attention) and legitimacy | BFPMP. Exam Preparation Stakeholder Register Stakeholder Register: « The primary Output of the Identify Stakeholder Process Area = Contains ail information related to the stakeholders + It can contain: ©. Identification Information: Name, Or Project and Contact Information o Assessment Information: Major influence on the project etc. © Stakeholder Classification: Can be internal resistor or neutral. ganizational Position, Location, Role in the requirements, main expectations, potential | or external, can be a supporter, oseiw a ota a iat au iar z ae = PMP. Exam Preparation Plan Stakeholder Management The process of developing appropriate management strategies to effectively engage Stakeholders throughout the project life cycle, based on the analysis of their needs, interests and potential impact on the project success. Provides a clear and actionable plan to interact with the stakeholders to ‘support interest in the project. inputs Toole & Techniques uta Project Naragement lan Expo Judgement ‘Siakeholder Management Plan ‘Stakeholder Register ‘Mostings Project Document Updates Enterprise Environmental ‘Analytical Techniques Factors ‘Organizational Process Assets 28gPMP. Exam Preparation Analytical Techniques Analytical Techniques: + Itis used to know the current engagement level of stakeholders as compared to the planned engagement + Engagement levels can be: Unaware: Unaware of project and potential impacts Resistant: Aware of project and potential impacts, but resistant to change Neutral: Aware of project, but neither supports or is resistant Supportive: Aware of project and potential impacts and supportive of change Leading: Aware of project and potential impact and actively engaged in ensuring project success 00000 Stakeholder Engagement Matrix: + Various stakeholders and engagement levels are put in a table + Annotation such as C for Current or D for Desired can be marked 2903 PMP: Exam Preparation Manage Stakeholder Engagement ‘The process of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs and expectations, address issues as they occur, and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement in project activities throughput the project life cycle © Allows the project manager to increase su the chances of project success ipport and minimize resistance increasing Tnputs Tools & Techniques Outputs, Stakeholder Management | Communications Methods Tssue Log Plan ‘Communications Management Interpersonal Skis (Change Requests Phan Change Log Management Sklis Project Management Pian Updates ‘Organizational Process Project Document Updates Assois (Organizational Process ‘Assets UpdatesPMP. Exam Preparation Control Stakeholder Engagement The process of monitoring overall project stakeholder relationships and adjusting strategies and plans for engaging stakeholders © Stakeholder engagement activities are included in the Stakeholder Management Plan and are continuously controlled. Inputs Outputs Project Management Plen Work Performance Information Change Requests Issue Log Expert Judgement ‘Work Performance Data Meetings Project Management Plan Updates: Project Documents Project Docurment Updates ‘Organizational Process assets Updates 2m anes a ae(ay tay UY aU 1B} a ne a PMP. Exam Preparation Questions - Module 13 Project Stakeholder Management 293,PMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 13 Question -1 + Anisgue Log is an Output of which Process Area of Stakeholder Management? A. Identify Stakeholders B. _ Plan Stakeholder Engagement © ©. Manage Stakeholder Engagement BD. Control Stakeholder Engagement Question - 2 ets a project manager you have been given the Project Charter. Which is the next Process Area you will get into immediately? ‘A, Develop Project Management Plan /B, Identify Stakeholders C. Plan Communications Management D. Plan Procurement Management 2294at ‘al lal (al lal a aan PMP: Exam Preparation Questions Module 13 Question — 3 * ASalience Model is used as one of the classification models for Stakeholder Management. Which combination does it have? A. Power, Influence B. Power, Interest C. Influence, Impact / D. Power, Legitimacy Question —4 * Which one of the following is the Analytical techniques tool? A B. VC. D. not an engagement level of the ‘stakeholder, performed with Resistant Leading Directing Supportive 2SPMP. Exam Preparation Questions Module 13 Question - 5 + Interpersonal Skills and Management Skills are used in? ia alr —_ A. Plan Stakeholder Management “ B. Manage Stakeholder Engagement C. Control Stakeholder Engagement ; D. Identify Stakeholders ‘ Question - 6 «Meetings are used in all Process Areas of the Stakeholder Management Knowledge Area, other than? A. Identify Stakeholders B. Plan Stakeholder Management C. Manage Stakeholder Engagement D. Control Stakeholder EngagementtA a aA eevee Ue CUD — PMP. Exam Preparation End of Module 13 Project Stakeholder Management Based on the PMBOK, Guide — Fifth edition 9%PMP. Exam Preparation Module 14 Professional & Social Responsibility Based on the PMl.’s Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct ‘Based on the PMBOKw Guide - Fifth Edition maea“@‘la fa ff la lal * PMP. Exam Preparation Content of Module 14 + Ensure Individual Integrity * Contribute to the Project Management Knowledge Base + Ethnocentrism * Code of Ethics + Professional Responsibility + Balance Stakeholder's interest 299PMP. Exam Preparation Ensure Individual Integrity ‘Adheres to legal requirements and ethical standards Tells the truth in reports, conversations and other communications. Follows copyright and other laws. Does not divulge company data to unauthorized parties. Does not put personal gain over the needs of the project. Prevents conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest and deals with them when they occur. Does not give or take bribes or inappropriate gifts. Treats everyone with respect. Follows the PMls’s Code of Professional Responsibility. Does the right thing. Follows the right process. Reports violations of the laws, business policies, ethics and other rules.PMP. Exam Preparation Knowledge Base Shares lessons learned with other Project Managers in the company Writes articles about project management Supports the education of other Project Managers and stakeholders in project management Coaches or mentors other Project Managers. Mentors junior team members on Project Management related topics. Performs research to discover best practices for the use of project management and shares them with others Performs research on projects done within the company for the purpose of calculating performance metrics to be used within the organization for future projects.‘| Tah PMP. Exam Preparation Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism - being centered in one’s own culture. In simple terms ethnocentrism can be defined as: making false assumptions about others’ ways based on our own limited experience. One need to put effort into avoiding being ethnocentric when dealing with people i from different cultures or countries | Culture shock - the disorientation ‘experienced by people who suddenly find themselves living and working in a different environment. set |PMP. Exam Preparation Code of Ethics The PMlo Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct is the authoritative guide on how all PMle members should behave. Eight guidelines to help establish a strong ethics foundation for your professional activities: Recognize that managing ethics is a process - itis the process of reflection and dialog that produces deliverables such as codes, policies and procedures. The goal of an ethics management initiative is preferred behavior in the project environment. The best way to manage ethical dilemmas, like negative project risks, is to avoid their ocourrence in the first place Make ethics decisions in teams, and make decisions public, as appropriate. Integrate ethics management with other project practices. Define preferred ethical values in the project management plan. Use cross-functional teams to develop your ethics management plan. Benefit from varied input. Value forgiveness - help project personnel recognize and address their mistakes and then support them to continue to try to operate ethically Give yourself credit for trying - attempting to operate ethically and making a few mistakes is better than not trying at all. All projects are comprised of people and people are not perfect. 33