.

2016

: :

: 9191

: 9191

: 9191

:
:
: - 9199
: 9191
:
: 9111

.

9191 9191 9191 9191 9191
.9191 9191 9191
" ".

.
.

.




(
)

.
( )

.

.

: :

. : . : .:

. : :
9191 :9191 : - 9191

.9191 : 9191

.9191 : .9191 : :
9191 9191-9191 .9191
:
. : :
9191
.9191 : .9199
: .9191 : . :
.9111.


(
)

""

" " " " .

"" .


.

""
.

( )9191_9191 " "

.


.
" "
" " "" " "

" " " " 1.

!
" " ""
" " " "
: " : : " 1 19 /- / 9111 -1-91 .91

 .
.

.

.

"" ""

" "
( )
.

( .)9
( )9111 ()9191
( )9111 (.)9111
( )9111 1

" " " "

. ( .)9 ( )9119 "

"

" " .
( )9199 ( )9111 ()9199
( )91
( ) (/ )9191
( / )9191 ( )9191
. ( )9111

" " " " " " .
(
)

()9111

( )9111 " " (/ )9111

( )9111(.)9191
( )9111 " "
( )9111 " " " "

( 1/ )9111 (" :)9
9191
"9191 (" )9 " .2 ( )9(.)1
( 91/ )9111 ( )9111 "

( 91/)9111
( 91 / )9111
"3.

( :)9 9191 9191 __ _ :

http://www.conflicts.rem33.com/images/The%20Caucasus/Cauco_Mesopotamia_WWI/Nr2_May_Jun_1916.jpg

) - Thalweg Line (2
/ .
- " " ( )9111 (3.)9111-1-91

 ( :)9 ( ) :
http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10194/478tdaqfm9kmob6juuet.jpg

( / )9191 ""
.

.
"" ""

" " ""


: 11

( ) . (.)1

( :)1 " " .:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/ArabstateDamascus1914.png/1024pxArabstateDamascus1914.png

( 91/ )9191

" " : :

- [ ]

.
".
( 11/ )9191 " ".
( 91/ " )9191" "" "
...

.
...
" . "


" "
... .
. ".
( 91 / )9191 "

. " .

.
( 1 / )9191 "
".
" ...
" .
( 91 / )9191 "
... .

".
( 9 / )9191 "

" " " . ( )1
. ( )1
( )9191
.

10

: - :)1(
Jessica Williams, Power and promises: Redrawing the Boundaries of the Middle East, (Calefornia: University of
Calefornia. 2008), p. 18. Avalaible at:
http://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/lessons/bestofyolo/documents/Power_Promise_2011.pdf

: . 9191 :)1(
http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/docannexe/image/5002/img-1-small517.jpg

11

 ( )9191_9191
( 1 / )9191

" " 4.

" "
. 911 911

.
"
" 5.

.


:
.
."

"6.
( 11/ )9191 1
:
( )

. " :
.
-
" " "

: : ( 9 : )9111 4.11
5.911 - 6.911

12

 " .

"7.
9191

( )9199-9111

- .

" " . (
/ )9191 ( )

.

.

8.
.

.

- .

.

. " 1"

: 9111-9191 : ( 9 : 7)9119 .911

- 8.911-911

13

 .
" " .

" "

""
.
( )

.
" " " "
( / )9191(/ )9191
.

( 91 )9191
( /)

.

9
.

"10.

( 1 / )9191
.
.
( ) 11

. .
: : ( 19 : )9191 111 .
: 9111-9191 10.991 - 911 11.119

14


( )

.
( ) ( )1 .
.
() () .
(.)1
.9

:
"" ( ) "" ( )
. () ()
() ()
.

.9

: ( ) (
)
.

.1

.1

:
.

"" .


( 91/ )9191

12.

13.

12 .991 - 13.999

15

 ( :)1 .:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/12666442677250712

( 1/ )9191
" "
( )1 :
" : " ."

" . "

" ." " .

.

16

 " "


.

.

.
( 9 / )9191
.
.

" " .

.
- ( )9191
" " ( .)9111 ( )1
9191 .

( :)1 9191:

http://goo.gl/qTcscV

17

( )

( 11 / )9191

()9191
- ( )9191

( )9191 .
(.)1

( / )9191
.
( 11/ )9191
.
.
( 91 / )9191

"
" .
( 1/
.)9191

18

 ( :)1

( )9191 ( 1 / )9191

. " "

.
( ) "
" . ( )9 " :

" . ( )1 "
( / .")9191
( )1 "
".
( )1 .

19

( 1 / )9191 .

""
-

" "
.
.
.

19 91
. ( 91 / )9191
( 91 / )9191 ( )
( ) ( ) (
) . (91

/ )9191
( )91
.
(/) ( / " )9191

. (91
/ .)9191 " .

" ".

"

" : ..."
"14.

- 14.111

20

 " (
) .
( )9111-9119

"15.

. ( 91/)

( 99/) ( )11
( )9111 ( )111 . .
"

" 16.

.
(.)9199

.
!

/
9191 -
. ( 91 / )9191

15.111 - 16.119

21

 ( 17.)Wilsonian League
.

( 91/ 1/ )9191 ( 99-1/ )9191
" "

. ( )91

( )91
.

.
( 91/ )9191 ""

.
""
. :
( )

.

( .)9191-9191 ( )1 ( )91 ( )111 .

( )1 ( )19 11 ( )11

.
( )1 ( )1 ( )11-11-19
( )19 ( )

17
Zurcher Erik J, Turkey: A Modern History, 4th, (London: I. B. Tauris, 2004). p. 146.

22

 "
- ".
( )91

. ( )11
1 .
( )11 ( )19
"

" .
. ( )1 .
()
" " ( )9191 "" .

http://www2.gribskovgymnasium.dk/fs/1889_1923/map/TurquieSevresGF.gif

23



" "

" ".
( 1/ )9191 " "
( )91

.

(
) ""
.

( )

.

24

 ( :)91 .9191 :
.9191:
http://www.ssnphoms.com/ssnphoms/includes/FCKeditor/upload/image/motmar_souri/1.jpg

( 91/ )9191 ( 9
/) (1
/) ( 91 /) ( )1
( 11 / .)9191 "
" .

( )1

( )
( )
.

25


( )1

- /
" ."9191-9191
.
()

. () .

.

_ ( 1 / )9191
( )9
"
" . ()1
" ".
( )1 "
" ."
" .
( ) .

" "
( _)
.

18.
( 1 / )9191 ( 91
/) ( 91 /) . ( 91

- : ( 9 )9191 9 18 .111

26

/ )9191 ( 1/ )9191
( 91/ )9191 ( 91/.)9191

( )1111 ( )111

( )111
( )911 ( )11 ( .)11

19. " "
"
"20.

" " .
. " "
. ""

( -) ( )

21 .

22
23.

9111-9191 :( 9 : )9111 .919 (19 91

/ )9191 ( 91/) "" "
"... :
( 9 )9111 .911-919
- 9111-9111 : ( 9 : )9119 20 .119

119 21 . 9111-9191 :( 9 : )9111 22. : : 9111-9181 : ( 9 : 23 )9111 999.

27

24 " :

.

.

.
.

- 911 24.

28

( 1 / )9191


25.
.
(/ 9191/ )9199 ()1
( 9/ )9191 ( 91/
)9191 ( 9/ )9191 ( 19/ )9191 (1

/ )9191
. (.)99


.

" "
.
( 91/ )9199
" " "" "" " "

( 1 / )9191
"" "" ( )9191 " "

. ( )9111
()9111

- 25.111

29

 ( :)99 :
https://goo.gl/ev2mfs

( 19/ )9191 " " " "

. :
.
26.
( 91 / )9191 ( )1111 " "
" " ( )1 : () "

" " . () "

" . () "

.
- : 9( 9 : )9199 26.991 991

30

 .
27.
.

( )9191
(" )9191 "

28
(29.)9191
( )9 ( )9191
.
.

. ( )9191 .

( 1/ )9199
( 1/ .)9191
" "

19 . (.)99

991 9191 91 27.9191 : 1928. - 29.11-11

31

 ( :)99 9191 .9111 9111 9111 9191:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GolanHistoricalBorders.svg

( 99 / )9191 ( 9/
)9199 " "

( 91/ .)9191
( 91/ )9191
. ( 91/ )9191
.
" "
(/ )9199"

" 30. (.)91
- 30.191

32

http://www.edmaps.com/assets/images/British_Mandate_for_Palestine_1921.png

( 9
/ )9111 " :

.
.



91

11 191 91,11

33


91
" 31. (.)91

( :)91 9111 .9111:

http://www.plands.org/arabic/images/articles/039-01.jp

( )9191-99-91 :
"

" " "" " "

.
" "

"" " " .
91 91132.

31.191-191 - 32.191

34


( )9191-9199

33.

1/ 9199 :

( ) ()9( )9 ( 91
/.)9191
( 1 / )9191

_ ( 91/ .)9191
(/ )9191 .
( 9191 9111 9111 9111
) 34. (.)91

( :)91 - - ( )9191
. : .

33.191-199 - " "9191 99( / 34.)9111

35


()



. ( )1
.

( ).
(91 / )9199
-
( )1 " :

.
. .
.
.
.

" .
( )1 "

" " ( )
".
( ) :
.

/ . .
(.)91 91

. "" " "
" " .

( 1/ )9191
"
( ) ( ) ."

36

 " ."
" ."
".

( :)91 : ( )
( ) ( ) .:
http://www.houshamadyan.org/en/mapottomanempire.html

( :)91 .
)9( : )9( )1( )1( )1( )1( )1( )1( )1(
.

37


( )99 -
( 91/ .)9191
( .)9191 -

. ( .)91

.
( )911 ( )1 :
35
( ) .

( )9199 /
.

""

"
" 9199.
" "
"" " " " "

. " "

.

35

Onur Yildirim, Diplomacy and Displacement: Reconsidering the Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922
1934, (New York & London: Routledge, 2006).

38

https://goo.gl/Db4bMc

" "
"" -

.
()

"".

()

( )9191
(
) - ( 11 / )9111

( 91 / .)9111

( 11 / )9191 ( 19
/ )9191

36.
- 36.991

39

.
_ _
.
() ( 19 /

)9191 ( 1 /) . ( 1 /)
911
"
" % 11 " "37.

( 1 / )9191 .
( 91 /) (1
/) ( 1 /) ( 99
/ ) ( 91 / )9191

)
.
(

( )

() 38.



.

( 1/ .)9199
( )9199

37 .991 - 38 .999

40


39.

"
" ( 11/ )9191 ()9111
( )1 ()9199
.

.

( 99 / )9111
( 91/ )9111 . (.)91

( :)91

- : ( 9 : )9119 39 .111

41


""

""

( ) ( )9191.

.

( )9111-9191
( %)1 40.
( 91 / )9111 ( )919
" " ( %)11 ( %)1.1
" " . ( 91/ )9111
( %)99 . ( )9111-9111 ( %)11
( %)11 .

( )9111
( 91/ )9111 ( 91
/ )9111 ( 1/ )9111 ( 91/ )9111
. (.)99

- 40 " : " ( 1 19/ )9111 11-91.19

42

 ( :)91 :

( :)99 .9111-9111 :
http://www.edmaps.com/assets/images/Palestine_After_The_1948_War.png

43


( 1/ )9111

. ( .)99
(
/ )9111
.
( )9111 "" "

.
"" " " ( 91 / .)9111

( :)99 / .9111

( :)99 / .9111

44

.



.
"" "" ""

.
.

.

.
" "

.
.

45

 ( 9191-9191 : :
.)9111
( .)9111
9
.)9191
: :
( 9 : .)9111
: 9
( : .)9119
: 9( 9 : .)9199
: 9191-9111 :
( 9 : .)9111
9191-9111 : ( 9 :
.)9119
: 9199-9191 :
( 9 : .)9119
:
: ( 1 : .)9191

46

 " : " ( 1
19/ )9111 .11-91
" : :
" ( 19 / - /
)9111 .91-1

Yildirim Onur, Diplomacy and Displacement: Reconsidering the

& Turco-Greek Exchange of Populations, 1922 1934, (New York
London: Routledge, 2006).
Zurcher Erik J, Turkey: A Modern History, 4th, (London: I. B. Tauris,
2004).

47

6002

6002

Damascus - syria
Te l : + 9 6 3 1 1 6 1 1 4 7 7 6
Fax: +963 116 114 731

w w w. d c r s . s y
info@dcrs.sy