PARAGRAF SORULARINDA TEHLKEL YAPILAR

as to

ile ilgili

the only

tek

involve

iermek gerektirmek

related to

ile ilgili

only

sadece

include

iermek

concerning

ile ilgili

merely

sadece

exclude

hari tutmak

regarding

ile ilgili

solely

sadece

be involved in

ilgilenmek

as regards

ile ilgili

simply

sadece

be interested in

ilgilenmek

unique

esiz

be engaged in

ilgilenmek

unprecedented

ei
grlmemi
difficult

zor

is that

udurki

is of

sahiptir
through

aracl ile
sayesinde

challenging

zor

too

(ar) ok

beyond

tesinde

difficulty

zorluk

no

hi

by doing

yaparak

challenge

zorluk glk

any (+)

herhangi bir

without doing

yapmakszn

obstacle

engel

a number of

bir ok

by x

x tarafndan

trouble

sorun

the number of

n says

over

stnde

issue

konu sorun

few

ok az

under

altnda

a few

bir ka

over-------

ar---

help

yardm ,yardm etmek

little

ok az

under-----

yetersiz---az----------

allow

olanak tanmak

a little

biraz

enable

mmkn klmak

as of

den sonra

other than

den baka

prior to

den once

because of

den dolay

rather than

den ziyade

long before

uzun zaman
once

due to

den dolay

more than

den fazla

before long

ok gemeden

owing to

den dolay

less than

den az

on account of

den dolay

show that

iaret etmek,
gstermek

including x

x dahil

indicate that

iaret etmek,

partly

ksmen

excluding x

x hari

demonstrate
that

gstermek

in part

ksmen

except that

hari

reveal that

iaret etmek,

largely

byk oranda

except for x

x hari

suggest that

gstermek

mostly

ounlukla

capable of

yapabilir

damage

zarar,zarar
vermek

play role in

rol oynamak

incapable of

yapamaz

devastate

yok etmek

play part in

rol oynamak

able to do

yapabilir

destroy

ykmak

take part in

katlmak

unable to do

yapamaz

detrimental

zararl

make up mind

karar vermek

manage to do

yapabilir

harmful

zararl

bear in mind

aklda bulundurmak

adequate

yeterli

adverse

olumsuz

keep in mind

aklda bulundurmak

inadequate

yetersiz

beneficial

faydal

sufficient

yeterli

benefit from

faydalanmak

take into
account
take into
consideration

hesaba katmak,gz
nne almak
hesaba katmak,gz
nne almak

insufficient

yetersiz

protect

korumak

pat attention to

dikkat etmek

deficiency

yetersizlik

prevent

nlemek

draw attention
o

dikkat ekmek

deficient

yetersiz

cause

sebep olmak

call attention to

dikkat ekmek

exist

var olmak

give rise to

sebep olmak

extinct

yok olmak,yok

bring about

sebep olmak

minor

nemsiz

present

var, mevcut

lead to

sebep olmak

major

nemli

absent

yok

trigger

tetiklemek

minority

aznlk

presence

varlk

initiate

balatmak

majority

ounluk

absence

yokluk

result in

crucial

nemli

vital

nemli

essential

nemli ,gerekli

result from
stop
halt

durdurmak
durmak
durdurmak
durmak

cease

durmak

come to an end

sona gelmek

put an end to

son vermek

ile
sonulanmak
den
kaynaklarmak

excessive

ar

pivotal

nemli

in excess of

den fazla

critical

nemli

main

ana ,nemli

indispensible

vazgeilmez

precaution

nlem

measure

nlem

find foundfound

bulmak

take precaution

nlem almak

lose

kaybetmek

find out

bulmak

take measure

nlem almak

loss

kayp

figure out

bulmak

lost

kaynolmu

identify

tanmlamak

come into being

ortaya kmak

lack

yoksun olmak

determine

belirlemek

emerge

ortaya kmak

lacking

yoksun

serve

hizmet etmek

continue

devam etmek

provide

salamak

go on

devam etmek

constantly
continually

devaml,
srekli
devaml,
srekli

invariably

herzaman

supply

salamak

keep on

devam etmek

always

herzaman

source

kaynak

carry on

devam etmek

never

asla

resource

kaynak

carry out

yrtmek ,yapmak

conduct

yrtmek ,yapmak

exceed

amak gemek

largely

byk oranda

surpass

amak gemek

widely

yaygn ekilde

considerably

nemli derecede

outnumber

sayca amak

commonly

yaygn ekilde

significantly

nemli derecede

outgrow

daha byk
olmak

mostly

ounlukla

substantially

nemli derecede

outweigh

ar basmak

heavily

youn biimde

fundamentally

temelden ,esas olarak

4 is superior to
3

4 , 3 den byk

profoundly

derinden

3 is inferior to 4

3 ,4 den kk

dramatically

nemli derecede

drastically

nemli derecede

to do with

ilgisi olmak

consume

tketmek

outstanding

dikkat eken

sharply

keskin ekilde

deplete

tketmek

spectacular

harika

steeply

keskin ekilde

use up

tketmek

startling

gz alc

exhaust

tketmek

superb

harika

considerable

nemli

run out of

tkenmek,
tketmek

significant

nemli

wipe out

yok etmek

increasingly

artan ekilde

substantial

nemli

die out

yok olmak

more and more

artan ekilde

fundamental

temel

eradicate

yok etmek

profound

temel

eliminate

yok etmek

dramatic

iddetli

drastic

iddetli

regard
consider

dnmek
grmek
dnmek
grmek

reduce

azaltmak

think

dnmek

sharp

keskin

increase

artmak

deem

dnmek

notable

dikkate deer

decrease

azalmak

view

grmek

remarkable

dikkate deer

go up

ykselmek

decline

gerileme,
gerilemek

necessarily

illaki, mutlaka

WORSEN

ktletirmek

necessary

gerekli

contradiction

eliki

adversely

olumsuz
ekilde

finally

contradictory

elikili

underestimate

hafife almak

in the end

nihayetinde,
sonunda
nihayetinde,
sonunda

nihayetinde,
sonunda
nihayetinde,
sonunda,
nihayetinde,
sonunda

coherence

tutarllk

overestimate

abartmak

at last

coherent

tutarl

exaggerate

abartmak

eventually

irrelevant

ilgisiz

recognize THAT

tanmak ,kabul
etmek

ultimately

controversial

tartmal

controversy

tartma

overcome

yenmek
,stesinden
gelmek

no

hi

debate

tartma

cope with

baa kmak

no more

artk deil

disagreement

anlamazlk

deal with

no longer

artk deil

agreement

anlama

handle

not now

artk deil

commonsense

ortak fikir

tackle

ele almak
zmek
ele almak
zmek
ele almak
zmek

solve

zmek

avoid

saknmak,kanmak

similarity

benzerlik

solution to

zm

ignore

gz ard etmek

similar to

benzer

clue to

ip ucu

overlook

gz ard etmek

identical to

benzer

come up with

bulmak

uniform

benzer

likely

muhtemel,olas

uniformity

benzerlik

unlikely

muhtemel deil

different from

farkl

depend on

like

gibi

distinct from

farkl

rely on

unlike

aksine

contrary to

aksine

count on
relation

iliki

relationship

iliki

correlation

dayanmak
bal olmak
gvenmek ,bel
balamak
gvenmek ,bel
balamak

based on

dayanmak

in contrast to

aksine

iliki

reluctant

isteksiz

conclude that

sonucuna varmak

relevance

iliki

keen

istekli

prove that

ispatlamak

connection

balant

willing

istekli

reveal that

aklamak

interaction

etkileim

unwilling

isteksiz

association

iliki

eager

istekli

extremely

olduka

difference

farkllk

enthusiastic

istekli

fairly

olduka

distinction

ayrm
ADOPT

benimsemek

FACE

kar karya olmak

propose that

teklif etmek

previously

nceden

tend to do

eiliminde
olmak

intend to

niyet etmek

determined to
do

yapmaya
kararl
yapmaya
kararl

decided to do

suggest that

nermek,
gstermek

formerly

nceden

advise

tavsiye etmek

initially

balangta

offer that

teklif etmek

subsequently

daha sonra

afterwards

ardndan

turn into

dnmek

expect

ummak

in the wake of

ardndan

convert into / to

dntrmek

anticipate

ummak

as of

ardndan

transform into

dntrmek

expected

beklenen

experience

yaamak, geirkmek

revolutionize

kkl deiiklik
yapmak

unexpected

beklenmedik

go through

yaamak, geirkmek

overturn

altst etmek

undergo

yaamak, geirkmek

all

hepsi

approve that

onaylamak

completely

tamamen

inevitable

kanlmaz

disapprove

onaylamamak

fully

tamamen

unavoidable

kanlmaz

accept

kabul etmek

totally

tamamen

avoidable

kanlabilir

reject

reddetmek

entirely

tmyle

inescapable

kanlmaz

refuse

reddetmek

wholly

tmyle

turn down

reddetmek

thoroughly

tamamen

notice that

farketmek

decline

reddetmek

realize that

farketmek

study

aratrmak

explore

aratrmak

achieve

baarmak,
ulamak
baarmak,
tamamlamak

clear that

ak, belli

accomplish

apparent that

ak belli

succeed

baarmak

find that

bulmak

evident that

ak belli

complete

tamamlamak

discover that

kefetmek

determine

belirlemek

advance

ilerleme,
ilerlemek

effect

etki

look for

aramak

advancement

ilerleme

impact

etki

observe that

gzlemek

improve

ilerlemek

influence

etki,etkilemek

improvement

ilerleme

affect

etkilemek

maintain

srdrmek

progress

ilerleme,
ilerlemek

retain

tutmak

progression

ilerleme

the rest

geri kalan

sustain

srdrmek

growth

byme

remnant

geri kalan

remain

kalmak

vulnerable to

savunmasz

confined to

e snrl

favorable

olumlu,elverili

susceptible to

savunmasz

restricted to

e snrl

unfavorable

olumlusuz,elverisiz

sensitive to

hassas

limited to

e snrl

suitable

uygun

unsuitable

uygun deil

sensible

mantkl

immediately

hemen

feasible

gerekletirilebilir

logical

mantkl

urgently

acilen

viable

gerekletirilebilir

rational

mantkl

suddenly

aniden

reasonable

mantkl

suffer

ekmek

wise

akllca

concerned with

ilgili

recover

iyilemek

sound

mantkl

concerned
about

endieli

get over

iyilemek,atlatmak

illogical

mantksz

worried about

endieli

get rid of

kurtulmak

irrational

mantksz

anxious about

endieli

unreasonable

mantksz

uneasy about

huzursuz

make up

oluturmak

unwise

aklszca

account for

oluturmak

unsound

mantksz

FAIL TO DO

yapamamak

be made up of

den olumak

LAST

srmek,
devam etmek

den olumak

FORM

oluturmak

be made up
from
be composed
of
consist of

den olumak

den olumak

groundless

yersiz

pointless

anlamsz

useless

faydasz

outcome

sonu

there is no use
in
there is no
point in
there is no
sense in

anlam yok

result

sonu

define

tanmlamak

anlam yok

consequence

sonu

definite

kesin

anlam yok

consequently

sonu olarak

indefinite

belirsiz

as a result

sonu olarak

finite

snrl

n sonucu
olarak
n sonucu
olarak

infinite

snrsz

proportion

oran miktar

amount

miktar

UNDERMINE

zayftalmak

in use

kullanmda

as a
consequence of

out of use

kullanm d

as a result of

outdated

modas gemi
in favor of

in lehinde

inspire

ilham vermek

support

desteklemek

be inspired

etkilenmek

be opposed to

e kar

encourage

tevik etmek

disappoint

discourage

caydrmak

disappointing

encouraging

umut verici

disappointed

discouraging

umut krc

disillusioned
let down

hayal krklna
uratmak
hayal krklna
uratc
hayal krklna
uratm
hayal krklna
uratm
hayal krklna
uratmak

exact

tam

precise

tam

exactly

tam olarak

precisely

tam olarak

nearly

yaklak

stem form

den gelmek

fall short of

baarz olmak

almost

yaklak

drive from

den gelmek

fall through

baarz olmak

roughly

yaklak

come form

den gelmek

virtually

hemen hemen yaklak

arise from
result form

den ortaya
kmak
den
kaynaklanmak

defect

kusur,hata

failure

baarszlk

waste

israt etmek

fault

kusur

a waste of
time

zaman israf

huge

byk

at fault

kusurlu

time-saver

zaman kazandran

immense

byk

shortcoming

eksiklik

time-saving

zaman kazandran

enormous

byk

imperfection

kusur

tremendous

byk

gigantic

byk

differ

farkl olmak

massive

byk

vary

deimek

weaken

zayflatmak

range

deimek

strengthen

glendirmek

timeconsuming
timeconsumer

zaman kaybettiren
zaman kaybettiren

pleased

memnun

distinguish

ayrm yapmak

enhance

artrmak,iyiletirmek

delighted

memnun

discriminate

ayrm yapmak

empower

glendirmek

satisfied

memnun

make
distinction

ayrm yapmak

enforce

glendirmek,yrrle
koymak

contented

memnun

glad

memnun

introduce

ortaya karmak

introduction

ortaya kma

advent

ortaya kma

set up

kurmak

particularly
especially

zellikle,
bilhassa
zellikle,
bilhassa
zellikle,
bilhassa
zellikle,
bilhassa

rich

zengin

notably

prosperous

zengin

specifically

well-off

zengin

better-off

daha zengin

come to fore

found

kurmak

well-being

refah

come to
prominence

establish

kurmak

interfere
with
intervene in

interrupt

mdahale
etmek
zormak
mdahale
etmek
zormak
mdahale
etmek
zormak

intervention

mdahale

interruption

mdahale

indifferent to

mainly
primarily
principally
chiefly

focus on
concentrate
on
give priority
to

umursamaz

balca

WIDESPREAD

yaygn

claim that

PREVALENT

yaygn

argue that

scarce

kt

hold that

scarcity

ktlk

maintain
that

iddia etmek

allege that

iddia etmek

gibi grnmek

iddia etmek

iddia etmek

hardly

neredeyse hi

rarely

nadiren

seem that

barely

neredeyse hi

appear that

scarcely

neredeyse hi

disappear

balca
balca

vanish

possess
own
boast
belong to

grnmek,ortaya
kmak
gsden
kaybolmak
gzden
kaybolmak

x i y ye
balamak

ATTRIBUTE X TO Y

balca

aware of

farknda olmak

BREAKTHROUGH

bulu

unaware of

farknda olmamak

odaklanmak

contemporary

ada

BOOST

artrmak

ncelik
vermek

inhabitant

SIGNIFY

gstermek,
anlamna gelmek

odaklanmak

biryerde
yaayan,sakin
biryerde
yaayan,sakin
biryerde
yaayan,sakin
biryerde
yaayan,sakin

settler
enjoy

iddia etmek

sahip olmak
sahip olmak
sahip olmak
sahip olmak
ait olmak

dweller
resident
citizen

yurtta

neighbor

komu

spectator

izleyici

audience

dinyeyici
benzer emsal

OWE TO

borlu olmak

counterpart

familiar with

aina

CONTRIBUTE TO**

unfamiliar
with

aina deil

CONTRIBUTE TO**

katkda
bulunmak
SEBEP
OLMAK