Ngn ng lp trnh Visual Basic 6.

Visual Basic

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V VISUAL

BASIC 6.0

Mc tiu:
Chng ny gii thiu v mi trng pht trin tch hp (IDE) Microsoft
Visual Basic 6.0; cng nh gip sinh vin c ci nhn tng quan v Visual
Basic.
Hc xong chng ny, sinh vin phi nm bt c cc vn sau:
- S dng mi trng pht trin tch hp VB 6.0 pht trin ng dng.
- Cch to d n mi (New Project) trong VB 6.0.
Kin thc c lin quan:
- S dng h iu hnh Windows.
Ti liu tham kho:
- Visual Basic 6 Certification Exam Guide - Chapter 1, Page 1 - Dan
Mezick & Scot Hillier - McGraw-Hill - 1998.

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Visual Basic

I. Gii thiu v Visual Basic 6.0

Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) l mt phin bn ca b cng c lp trnh Visual Basic
(VB), cho php ngi dng tip cn nhanh cch thc lp trnh trn mi trng
Windows. Nhng ai tng quen thuc vi VB th tm thy VB6 nhng tnh nng
tr gip mi v cc cng c lp trnh hiu qu. Ngi dng mi lm quen vi VB cng
c th lm ch VB6 mt cch d dng.
Vi VB6, chng ta c th :
Khai thc th mnh ca cc iu khin m rng.
Lm vic vi cc iu khin mi (ngy thng vi iu khin MonthView v
DataTimePicker, cc thanh cng c c th di chuyn c CoolBar, s dng ha
vi ImageCombo, thanh cun FlatScrollBar,).
Lm vic vi cc tnh nng ngn ng mi.
Lm vic vi DHTML.
Lm vic vi c s d liu.
Cc b sung v lp trnh hng i tng.

II. Ci t Visual Basic 6.0

S dng chng trnh Setup, ngi dng c th ci t VB6 ln my tnh ca
mnh. Chng trnh Setup ny cn ci t cc tp tin cn thit xem ti liu trn a
CD MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network). Nu cn, ngi dng c th ci t ring
phn ti liu v v d mu ca Visual Basic ln my tnh.
ci t VB6, ngi dng nn kim tra my tnh ca mnh m bo c cu
hnh ti thiu. Cc yu cu h thng ti thiu :
- Microsoft Windows 95 tr ln hoc l Microsoft Windows NT Workstation
4.0 tr ln.
- Tc CPU 66 MHz tr ln.
- Mn hnh VGA hoc mn hnh c phn gii cao c h tr bi Microsoft
Windows.
- 16 MB RAM cho Microsoft Windows 95 hoc 32MB RAM cho Microsoft
Windows NT Workstation.

III. Lm quen vi VB6

III.1 Bt u mt d n mi vi VB6
T menu Start chn Programs, Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Khi bn s
thy mn hnh u tin nh hnh I.1 di y.

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Visual Basic

Hnh I.1 Ca s khi kch hot VB6

Chn

y, ngi dng c th chn to mi mt d n

thc thi c bng cch chn Standard EXE ri
nhp Open (Hnh I.2).
Tip theo l ca s lm vic chnh ca VB6, gi tt
l IDE (Integrated Development Environment) s
c gii thiu chi tit trong phn sau.

III.2 Tm hiu cc thnh phn ca IDE

IDE l tn tt ca mi trng pht trin tch hp (Integrated
Development Environment), y l ni to ra cc chng trnh Visual Basic.
IDE ca Visual Basic l ni tp trung cc menu, thanh cng c v ca s
to ra chng trnh. Mi mt thnh phn ca IDE c cc tnh nng nh
hng n cc hot ng lp trnh khc nhau.

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Visual Basic

Hnh I.3 Ca s IDE ca VB6

Thanh menu cho php bn tc ng cng nh qun l trc tip trn ton b
ng dng. Bn cnh thanh cng c cho php truy cp cc chc nng ca thanh
menu thng qua cc nt trn thanh cng c.
Cc biu mu (Form) - khi xy dng chng trnh chnh ca VB - xut
hin trong ca s Form. Hp cng c thm cc iu khin vo cc biu mu ca
n. Ca s Project Explorer hin th cc n khc nhau m ngi dng ang lm
cng nh cc phn ca n. Ngi dng duyt v ci t cc thuc tnh ca iu
khin, biu mu v module trong ca s Properties. Sau cng, ngi dng s xem xt
v b tr mt hoc nhiu biu mu trn mn hnh thng qua ca s Form Layout.

III.3 S dng thanh cng c trong IDE ca VB

Thanh cng c l tp hp cc nt bm mang biu tng thng t di
thanh menu. Cc nt ny m nhn cc chc nng thng dng ca thanh menu (New,
Open, Save ...).

Hnh I.4 Thanh cng c dng

standard
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Visual Basic

Hnh I.5 Popup menu

thm, xa cng c

Hn na, ngi dng c th ko r thanh cng c trn

IDE n v tr bt k no thun tin cho vic s dng.
Ngi dng c th thm hay xa thanh cng c trn
IDE:
* Chn Toolbars t menu View hoc n chut phi
vo im bt k no trn thanh menu, mt popup menu bt
ra.
* Chn loi thanh cng c m ta mun thm vo hoc
xa i. Nu c nh du check bn tri th loi cng c
ang c chn.
S dng thanh cng c g ri (debug)

Hnh I.6 Thanh cng c g ri

Vi thanh cng c g ri, ngi dng

c th thc thi, tm ngng hoc dng mt
n. Vi thanh cng c Debug, ngi
dng c th kim tra chng trnh v gii
quyt cc li c th xy ra. Khi g ri
chng trnh, ngi dng c th chy
tng dng lnh, kim tra gi tr cc bin,
dng chng trnh ti mt im no
hoc vi mt iu kin no .

S dng thanh cng c Edit

Thanh cng c Edit c dng vit chng trnh trong ca s Code,
thanh cng c Edit c y cc tnh
nng ca menu Edit. Ngoi ra ngi
s dng c th s dng chc nng
vit chng trnh t ng nh l
Hnh I.7 Thanh cng c Edit
Quick Info.
Thanh cng c Edit ca VB6 c tnh nng l th l t hon tt cc t
kha. Tnh nng ny rt hu dng gip cho ngi dng trnh cc li mc phi do g
sai t kha.
S dng thanh cng c Form Editor

Hnh I.8 Thanh cng c thit k biu mu

Thanh cng c Form Editor c chc nng ging nh menu
Format dng di chuyn v sp xp cc iu khin trn biu mu.

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Visual Basic

Trong qu trnh thit k biu mu, i khi chng ta phi s dng thuc
tnh ZOrder cho php mt iu khin c th thay th mt iu khin khc hay
khng hoc l xut hin bn trn mt iu khin khc hay khng.
S dng hp cng c (Toolbox)
Hp cng c l ni cha cc iu khin c dng trong qu trnh thit
k biu mu. Cc iu khin c chia lm hai loi: iu khin c sn trong VB v
cc iu khin c cha trong tp tin vi phn m rng l .OCX.
i vi cc iu khin c sn trong VB th ta khng th g b khi hp
cng c, trong khi i vi iu khin nm ngoi ta c thm hoc xa b khi hp
cng c.
Mt iu khin c th c a vo biu mu bng cch chn iu khin
v a vo biu mu. Chng ta s tr li phn ny trong chng tip theo khi thit
k cc biu mu.
Hnh I.9 Hp cng c ca Visual Basic

III.4 Qun l ng dng vi Project Explorer

Project Explorer trong VB6 gip qun l v nh hng nhiu n.VB cho
php nhm nhiu n trong cng mt nhm. Ngi dng c th lu tp hp cc n
trong VB thnh mt tp tin nhm n vi phn m rng .vbp.
Project Explorer c cu trc cy
phn cp nh cy th mc trong ca s
Explorer ca h iu hnh. Cc n c th
c coi l gc ca cy, cc thnh phn ca
n nh biu mu, module ... l cc nt ca cy.
Khi mun lm vic vi thnh phn no th ta
c th nhn p ln thnh phn trn ca s
Project Explorer vo ca s vit code cho
thnh phn .
Hnh I.10 Ca s Project Explorer
Khi lm vic vi mt d n ln,
chng ta s thy Project Explorer cc k hu
ch cho vic t chc v qun l mt d n ln.

III.5 Ca s Properties
Mi mt thnh phn, iu khin iu c
nhiu thuc tnh. Mi mt thuc tnh li c mt
hoc nhiu gi tr.
Ca s Properties cho php ngi dng xem,
sa i gi tr cc thuc tnh ca iu khin nhm
gip iu khin hot ng theo ng ca ngi
s dng.

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Visual Basic

III.6 Ca s Form Layout

y chnh l ca s trnh by biu mu cho php nh v tr ca mt hoc nhiu
biu mu trn mn hnh khi chng trnh ng dng c thi hnh.
Ta nh v mot bieu mau tren man hnh bang cach dung chuot di chuyen bieu
mau trong ca so Form Layout.
S dng ca s Form Layout khng n
gin nh cc ca s khc v n khng c kch
hot sn, ngi dng cn phi chy ng dng sau
mi c th b tr c cc biu mu thng qua
Form Layout.
Nu ta khng nh v cc biu mu th v
tr ca biu mu trn mn hnh lc thit k cng l
v tr khi ng ca biu mu khi thc thi.

Hnh I.12 Ca s Form

III.7 Bin dch n thnh tp tin thc thi
L Sau khi
t n hon thnh, ngi dng c th bin dch thnh tp tin thc thi
c. Cch tin hnh nh sau:
- Trc tin ta cn ch cho VB6 bit phn chng trnh no s c thc
thi trc bng cch chn Project Properties t menu Project. Chn tab General, ch
phn Startup Object, y l ni quy nh im khi u ca chng trnh sau khi bin
dch kt thc.
- T menu File, chn Make ... EXE... Mt hp thoi xut hin cho php
bn nhp vo tn ca tp tin thc thi. Bn ch cn g tn tp tin, VB s t ng thm
phn m rng .EXE.
- Nhn vo nt Options m hp thoi Project Properties v in tn
ca ng dng vo Title, ta c th ghi ch thng tin cho tng phin bn trong phn
Version Information. Ta c th chn Auto Increment VB t ng tng s Revision
mi ln ta to li tp tin EXE cho d n.
- Cui cng, nhn OK tr v hp thoi Make Project.

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Visual Basic

CHNG 2 BIU MU V MT S IU
KHIN THNG DNG
Mc tiu:
Chng ny gii thiu v mt s iu khin c bn to nn giao din
cho cc ng dng cng nh mt s khi nim trong lp trnh vi VB; nhng
yu cu ti thiu cn c trong vic lp trnh s kin vi VB.
Hc xong chng ny, sinh vin phi nm bt c cc vn sau:
- Khi nim v iu khin, thuc tnh, phng thc, s kin.
- Quy tc t tn danh biu trong VB.
- S dng biu mu trong thit k giao din.
- S dng iu khin nhp liu, nt nhn, nhn, khung.
Kin thc c lin quan:
- Cch thc s dng mi trng pht trin VB.
Ti liu tham kho:
- Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 v Lp trnh C s d liu - Chng 2, trang
26; Chng 3, trang 29 - Nguyn Th Ngc Mai (ch bin), Nh xut bn Gio dc
- 2000.

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Visual Basic

I. Cc khi nim
9 iu khin: Cc thnh phn c sn ngi lp trnh to giao din tng tc
vi ngi dng.
Mi iu khin thc cht l mt i tng, do vy n s c mt s im
c trng cho i tng, chng hn nh cc thuc tnh, cc phng thc & cc s
kin.
9 Thuc tnh: Cc c trng ca mt iu khin to nn dng v ca iu khin
.
9 Phng thc: Cc iu khin c th thc thi mt s tc v no , cc tc v
ny c nh ngha sn bn trong cc phng thc (cn gi l chng trnh con: hm
& th tc), ngi lp trnh c th gi thc thi cc phng thc ny nu cn.
9 S kin: l hnh ng ca ngi dng tc ng ln ng dng ang thc thi.
Th d:

- Nhn phm bt k trn bn phm.

- Nhp chut.

Cc thnh phn giao din c kh nng p ng li s kin. Chng hn khi chng

ta nhp chut vo button, lc button nhn bit c s kin ny; hay nh textbox
nhn bit c s kin bn phm tc ng ln n.
Mt ng dng trn Windows thng c thc hin nh vo vic p ng li
cc s kin ca ngi dng.
9 Lp trnh s kin:
Cc thnh phn giao din c kh nng nhn bit c cc s kin t pha ngi
dng. Tuy nhin kh nng p ng li cc s kin c thc hin bi ngi lp trnh.
Khi mt thnh phn giao din c s dng, ngi lp trnh phi xc nh chnh
xc hnh ng ca thnh phn giao din p ng li mt s kin c th. Lc
ngi lp trnh phi vit on m lnh m on m lnh ny s c thc thi khi s
kin xy ra.
Chng hn, trong ng dng Paint ca Windows; khi ngi s dng nhp chut
vo nt v hnh elip sau dng chut v n trn ca s v, mt hnh elip c v ra.
Trong lp trnh s kin, mt ng dng c xy dng l mt chui cc p ng
li s kin. Tt c cc hnh ng ca ng dng l p ng li cc s kin. Do vy
ngi lp trnh cn phi xc nh cc hnh ng cn thit ca ng dng; phn loi
chng; sau vit cc on m lnh tng ng.
Th d v p ng li s kin:
M lnh
- M lnh cho s kin Click ca Ghi a.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- M lnh cho s kin Click ca In giy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hnh II.1: Th d v p ng s kin

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Visual Basic

- Khi ngi dng khng tc ng vo ng dng, ng dng khng lm g c.

- Khi ngi dng nhp d liu vo cc nhp H v tn, a ch; s kin bn
phm xy ra trn cc nhp. Tuy nhin, ng dng vn khng lm g c v khng c
on m lnh no p ng cc s kin ny.
- Khi ngi dng nhp nt chn Ghi a, ng dng tm kim trong m lnh ca
mnh thy c on m lnh p ng li s kin ny; lc on m lnh c thc thi.
- Tng t nh vy i vi nt chn In giy.
9 Cch xc lp cc thuc tnh & cc phng thc trong chng trnh
<Thuc tnh Name ca iu khin>.<Tn thuc tnh>
<Thuc tnh Name ca iu khin>.<Tn phng thc>[(<Cc tham s>)]
9 Tn iu khin (thuc tnh Name)
y l thuc tnh xc nh tn ca iu khin trong ng dng. Tn ny c
t theo quy tc:
o Tn c th di t 1 - 40 k t.
o Tn phi bt u vi k t ch, c th ch hoa hay thng.
o Sau k t u tin, tn c th cha k t, s hay du gch di.
V d: Num, StudentCode, Class12A2 l nhng tn hp l. 345, 7yu l nhg
tn khng hp l.

II. Biu mu (Form)

II.1. Khi nim:
Chng trnh ng dng giao tip vi ngi dng thng qua cc biu mu
(hay cn gi l ca s, xut pht t ch Form hay Windows); cc iu khin (Control)
c t ln bn trn gip cho biu mu thc hin c cng vic .
Biu mu l cc ca s c lp trnh nhm hin th d liu v nhn thng
tin t pha ngi dng.

II.2. Thuc tnh

o Name: thuc tnh ny nh l mt nh danh nhm xc nh tn ca biu
mu l g? Ta s s dng thuc tnh ny truy xut n cc thuc tnh khc cng vi
phng thc c th thao tc c trn biu mu.
o Caption: chui hin th trn thanh tiu ca biu mu.

o Icon: hnh icon c dng trong thanh tiu ca biu mu, nht l khi
biu mu thu nh li.

o WindowState: xc nh biu mu s c kch thc bnh thng

(Normal=0), hay Minimized (=1), Maximized =(2).

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Visual Basic

o Font: xc lp Font cho biu mu. Thuc tnh ny s c cc iu khin

nm trn n tha k. Tc l khi ta t mt iu khin ln biu mu, thuc tnh Font ca

iu khin y s t ng tr nn ging y ca biu mu.

o BorderStyle: xc nh dng ca biu mu.

II.3. Phng thc
o Move: di chuyn biu mu n ta X,Y: Move X, Y.

II.4. S kin
o Form_Initialize: S kin ny xy ra trc nht v ch mt ln thi khi ta

to ra th hin u tin ca biu mu. Ta dng s kin Form_Initialize thc hin

nhng g cn phi lm chung cho tt c cc th hin ca biu mu ny.

o Form_Load: S kin ny xy ra mi ln ta gi th hin mt biu mu.

Nu ta ch dng mt th hin duy nht ca mt biu mu trong chng trnh th

Form_Load coi nh tng ng vi Form_Initialize.

Ta dng s kin Form_Load khi to cc bin, iu khin cho cc th

hin ca biu mu ny.

o Form_Activate: Mi ln mt biu mu c kch hot (active) th mt s

kin Activate pht sinh. Ta thng dng s kin ny cp nht li gi tr cc iu

khin trn biu mu.

Form_QueryUnload: Khi ngi s dng chng trnh nhp chut vo

nt X pha trn bn phi ng biu mu th mt s kin QueryUnload c sinh ra.
on chng trnh con di y m t th tc x l s kin QueryUnload.
Private Sub Form_QueryUnload(Cancel As Integer, _
UnloadMode As Integer)
End Sub

S kin ny cho ta kh nng hy b hnh ng ng biu mu bng cch

t li Cancel l 1.

Form_Resize: S kin ny xy ra mi khi biu mu thay i kch thc.

III. Nhn (Label)

III.1. Khi nim:
Nhn l iu khin dng ha cho php ngi s dng hin th chui k t
trn biu mu nhng h khng th thay i chui k t mt cch trc tip.
Biu tng (shortcut) trn hp cng c:

III.2. Thuc tnh:

o Name: y l mt tn xc nh mt nh danh, ngi lp trnh c th thay
i tn ny theo cch ca mnh tin s dng.

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Visual Basic

o Caption: Thuc tnh quy nh chui k t hin th khi ta to mt iu

khin nhn. Khi ta to mi mt iu khin th thuc tnh Caption c gi tr mc nhin
l Label.
V d: Ta mun to mt nhn l Cho mng bn n vi Visual Basic,
ta thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh Caption thnh Cho mng bn n vi Visual Basic.
Ta c th thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh Caption ti thi im ng dng
ang chy nh vo on m lnh n gin nh sau:
L1.Caption = " i gi tr Caption" vi L1 l tn ca
iu khin nhn m ta mun i.
o Font, Fore Color: Quy nh kiu ch, kch thc, mu hin th.
o BackStyle, BackColor: BackStyle quy nh l nhn trong sut hay khng.
BackColor quy nh mu nn ca nhn trong trng hp khng trong sut.

III.3. Phng thc:

o Move: di chuyn nhn n ta X,Y: Move X, Y.

III.4. S kin:
o Change: Xy ra mi khi nhn thay i gi tr.
o Click: Mi khi nhn c chut nhp ln, s kin ny xy ra.
o DblClick: Xy ra khi ngi s dng nhp p chut ln iu khin nhn.

IV. Khung (Frame)

IV.1. Khi nim:
Khung l mt iu khin dng trong vic b tr giao din ca biu mu mt
cch trong sng v r nt. Thng thng cc iu khin cng phc v cho mt cng
vic no s c t trong mt khung nhm lm ni bt vai tr ca chng.
Biu tng (shortcut) trn hp cng c:
Khi chng ta to mi mt khung cha cc iu khin khc, ta c hai cch
thc hin:
- To khung cha trc, sau a cc iu khin vo trong khung
cha. y l cch n gin nht.
- To khung cha sau khi to mi cc iu khin, khi khung
cha s che mt cc iu khin, v vy ta cn phi a khung cha ra sau cc
iu khin bng cch nhp chut phi v chn Send to Back. Nhng i vi
cch ny, cc iu khin khc khng nm trn khung cha. Do vy ta c th gii
quyt bng cch ct (Cut) cc iu khin ny i, sau dn (Paste) vo trong
khung cha.

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Visual Basic

Hnh II.2 V d v khung cha

(Frame)

IV.2. Thuc tnh:

Khung cng c cc thuc tnh thng dng nh ca iu khin nhn chng hn nh:
Name, Caption,...

IV.3. Phng thc:

o Move: di chuyn khung n ta X,Y: Move X, Y.

IV.4. S kin:
o Click, DblClick: xy ra khi khung nhn c mt thao tc nhp (nhp
p) chut.

V. Nt lnh (Command Button)

V.1. Khi nim:
Nt lnh l mt iu khin dng bt u, ngt hoc kt thc mt qu
trnh. Khi nt lnh c chn th n trng nh c nhn xung, do nt lnh cn
c gi l nt nhn (Push Button). Ngi s dng lun c th chn mt nt lnh no
bng cch nhn chut trn nt lnh .
Biu tng (shortcut) trn hp cng c:

V.2. Thuc tnh:

o Name: s dng nh mt nh danh nhm xc nh tn ca nt lnh.
o Caption: Dng hin th mt chui no trn nt lnh.
o Default: Nu gi tr ca thuc tnh ny l True th ta c th chn nt lnh
bng cch nhn phm Enter.
o Cancel: Nu gi tr ca thuc tnh ny l True th ta c th chn nt lnh
no bng cch nhn phm ESC.
o Enabled: Trong mt biu mu, c th c nhiu nt lnh thc hin
nhiu cng vic khc nhau v ti mt thi im no ta ch c php thc hin mt
s cng vic. Nu gi tr thuc tnh Enabled l False th nt lnh khng c tc dng.
Gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh ny l True. Ta c th thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh ti
thi im chy ng dng.
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o ToolTipText: cho php hin th mt on vn bn ch thch cng dng

ca nt lnh khi ngi s dng dng chut r trn nt nhn.
o Font, Fore Color: Quy nh kiu ch, kch thc, mu hin th.

V.3. Phng thc

o Move: di chuyn nt lnh n ta X,Y: Move X, Y.

V.4. Phng thc

o Click: y l s kin thng xy ra vi nt lnh. Mi khi mt nt lnh
c chn, s kin ny c kch hot. Do , ngi s dng s vit m cc lnh
p ng li s kin ny.
V d: To mt biu mu c mt nhp liu vi nhn l h tn v mt
nt lnh cho php a ra cu cho ngi dng .
Private Sub Command1_Click()
MsgBox "Chao mung ban " & Text1.Text & _
" lam quen voi Visual Basic"
End Sub

Click here
Hnh II.3 S dng nt lnh

VI. nhp liu (TextBox)

VI.1. Khi nim:
nhp liu l mt iu khin cho php nhn thng tin do ngi dng nhp
vo. i vi nhp liu ta cng c th dng hin th thng tin, thng tin ny c
a vo ti thi im thit k hay thm ch thi im thc thi ng dng. Cn thao tc
nhn thng tin do ngi dng nhp vo d nhin l c thc hin ti thi im chy
ng dng.
Biu tng (shortcut) trn hp cng c

VI.2. Thuc tnh:

o Name: y l tn ca nhp liu, c s dng nh mt nh danh.
o MaxLength: Thuc tnh quy nh s k t ti a c th nhp vo nhp
liu. Nu s k t nhp vo vt qu s k t ti a th ch c ng s k t ti a
c ghi nhn vo trong thuc tnh Text.
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Visual Basic

o Text: Dng nhp vo thng tin cn hin th trong Textbox ti thi

im thit k hoc nhn gi tr do ngi dng nhp vo ti thi im chy ng dng.
V d:
MsgBox Text1.Text

on m ny vit trong s kin Click ca nt lnh OK. Cho php hp

thng bo hin th ni dung do ngi dng nhp vo nhp liu.

Hnh II.3 V d v iu
khin nhp liu

o Locked: Thuc tnh cho php ngi dng thay i ni dung ca nhp
liu c hay khng? Thuc tnh ny c th nhn 2 gi tr True hoc False. Nu False
th ngi dng c th thay i ni dung ca nhp liu & mc nh th thuc tnh ny
c gi tr l False.
o PasswordChar: Thuc tnh ny quy nh cch hin th thng tin do
ngi dng nhp vo. Chng hn, nu ta nhp vo gi tr thuc tnh ny l * th cc k
t nhp vo iu hin th bi du * . Thuc tnh ny thng c dng trong trng
hp thng tin nhp vo cn c che giu (V d mt khu ng nhp mt chng
trnh ng dng no m trong cc ngi dng khc nhau th c cc quyn khc
nhau).
o Multiline: Thuc tnh quy nh nhp liu c c hin th thng tin
di dng nhiu hng hay khng, nu l TRUE th nhp liu cho php nhiu hng.
o Font, Fore Color: Quy nh kiu ch, kch thc, mu hin th.
o SelLength:Cho php tr v hoc t trc s lng k t c chn
trong nhp liu.
o SelStart: Tr v hoc xc nh im bt u ca chui c chn. y
l v tr bt u chn mt chui mi trong trng hp khng c nh du chn chui.
o SelText: Tr v hoc xc nh chui k t c nh du chn, chi tr
v s l rng nu nh khng nh du chn chui no.
Ba thuc tnh SelLength, SelStart, SelText ch c tc dng ti thi im
chy ng dng.

VI.3. Phng thc

o Move: Di chuyn nhp liu n ta X, Y: Move X, Y.

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Visual Basic

o SetFocus: Phng thc ny nhm mc ch thit lp cho iu khin

nhp liu nhn c Focus, ngha l n sn sng c tng tc bi ngi
s dng.

VI.4. S kin:
o KeyPress: xy ra khi ngi s dng chng trnh nhn mt phm. i
vi iu khin TextBox, ta thng dng n lc (filter out) cc phm khng chp
nhn. S kin KeyPress cho ta mt m Ascii, mt s c gi tr t 0 n 255, ca phm
va nhn. Trong v d di y, TextBox Text1 s ch nhn bit cc phm l s (0 - 9),
khng nhn bit cc phm khc:
Private Sub Text1_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
If KeyAscii < 48 Or KeyAscii > 57 Then M Ascii ca 0 l 48, ca 9 l 57
KeyAscii = 0
End If
End Sub

o KeyDown, KeyUp: mi s kin KeyPress li cho ta mt cp s kin

KeyDown/KeyUp. S kin KeyDown/KeyUp c 2 tham s l KeyCode v Shift. S
kin ny cho php ta nhn bit c cc phm c bit trn bn phm. Trong v d di
y, ta hin th tn cc phm chc nng m ngi s dng chng trnh nhn vo:
Private Sub Text3_KeyDown(KeyCode As Integer, Shift As Integer)
If (KeyCode >= 112) And (KeyCode <= 123) Then
MsgBox "Ban vua nhan phim chuc nang: F" & _
Trim(Str(KeyCode - 111))
End If
End Sub

CHNG 3: LP TRNH CU TRC TRONG

VISUAL BASIC
Mc tiu:
Chng ny gii thiu v cc cu trc lp trnh trong VB; y l cc cu
trc ct li xy dng nn mt chng trnh VB.
Hc xong chng ny, sinh vin phi nm bt c cc vn sau:
- S dng mi trng lp trnh VB vit m lnh.
- Cc kiu d liu trong VB.
- Cch khai bo hng, bin trong VB.
- Biu thc trong VB.
- Cc cu lnh n cng nh cc cu lnh c cu trc.
- Chng trnh con trong VB.
- By li trong VB.
Kin thc c lin quan:
- Cch s dng mi trng pht trin ca VB.
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Visual Basic

Ti liu tham kho:

- Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 v Lp trnh C s d liu - Chng 4, trang
49 - Nguyn Th Ngc Mai (ch bin), Nh xut bn Gio dc - 2000.

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Visual Basic

I. Mi trng lp trnh
I.1. Son tho chng trnh:
Trong Visual Basic IDE, ca s m lnh (Code) cho php son tho chng
trnh. Ca s ny c mt s chc nng ni bt:
o nh du (Bookmarks): Chc nng ny cho php nh du cc dng lnh
ca chng trnh trong ca s m lnh d dng xem li v sau ny. bt tt kh
nng ny, chn Bookmarks t menu Edit, hoc chn t thanh cng c Edit.
o Cc phm tt trong ca s m lnh:
Chc nang
Xem ca s Code
Xem ca s Object Browser
Tm kim
Thay th
Tm tip
Tm ngc
Chuyn n th tc k tip
Chuyn n th tc trc
Xem nh ngha
Cun xung mt mn hnh
Cun ln mt mn hnh
Nhy v v tr trc
Tr v u ca m-un
n cui m-un

Phm tat
F7
F2
CTRL+F
CTRL+H
SHIFT+F4
SHIFT+F3
CTRL+DOWN ARROW
CTRL+UP ARROW
SHIFT+F2
CTRL+PAGE DOWN
CTRL+PAGE UP
CTRL+SHIFT+F2
CTRL+HOME
CTRL+END

I.2. Cc chc nng t ng:

o T ng kim tra c php (Auto Syntax Check)
Nu chc nng ny khng c bt th khi ta vit mt dng m c cha
li, VB ch hin th dng chng trnh sai vi mu nhng khng km theo ch thch
g v tt nhin ta c th vit tip cc dng lnh khc. Cn khi chc nng ny c bt,
VB s cho ta bit mt s thng tin v li v hin th con tr ngay dng chng trnh li
ch ta sa.
o Yu cu khai bo bin (Require Variable Declaration)
VB s thng bo li khi mt bin c dng m khng khai bo v s ch
ra v tr ca bin .

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Visual Basic

Hnh III.1: Ca s Options

o Gi nh m lnh (Code):
Kh nng Auto List Members: T ng hin th danh sch cc thuc tnh
v phng thc ca 1 iu khin hay mt i tng khi ta g vo tn ca chng. Chn
thuc tnh hay phng thc cn thao tc v nhn phm Tab hoc Space a n vo
chng trnh.

Hnh III.2 Ca s Code vi kh nng gi nh Code

II. Kiu d liu

II.1. Khi nim
Kiu d liu l mt tp hp cc gi tr m mt bin ca kiu c th nhn v mt
tp hp cc php ton c th p dng trn cc gi tr .
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