Tough & Tender

By
Aravind - Varun Vishal Harshendar - Ritesh

Are you a MALE or FEMALE?

Are you MASCULINE or FEMININE?

Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender

roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be
assertive, tough, and focused on material success;
women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and
concerned with the quality of life.
From Hofstede (2001), Cultures Consequences, 2nd ed.
p 297

MASCULINITY BEHAVIOUR SCALE

5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
SUCCESS DEDICATION
SCALE

RESTRICTIVE
EMOTIONALITY
SUBSCALE

Female

INHIBITED AFFECTION
SUBSCALE

Male

EXAGGERATED SELFRELIANCE & CONTROL

SUBSCALE

Power
Hegemonic Masculinity

Dominant
Masculinity
Female Masculinity

Epic Masculinity

Legitimacy

Privileges

in gender studies, hegemonic masculinity is a concept popularized by sociologist R.W. Connell of

proposed practices that promote the dominant social position of men, and the subordinate social
position of women.
White/Black, Upper caste/Lower caste, Rich/poor

Masculine Women
Fighter Pilots
First Fighter Pilot (World)- Ms Sabiha Gokcen, Turkey (1936)
First Fighter India (World)- Ms Avani Chaturvedi (2016)
Prowess
First-ever womens contingent at Republic Day parade- 2015
Power
Female wrestlers- Sakshi Malik, Bronze winner, Rio 2016
Administration
Kiran Bedi- First woman IPS of India, 1972

Feminine Men
Increasingly, men becoming homemakers
Ang Lee, American Director and ProducerHouse-husband for more than 6 years
Egs. George, Erin Brockovichs partner
Finn Boulding
Classical Dancers

Women in the corporate setting

Positive Implications
Gender pay gap is slowly narrowing (USA and India)
Emergence of women leaders in male-dominated sectors

A long way to go
Women directors- 1375 BSE-listed firms fined for non-compliance
Women losing strength at IIMs, down to 26% in 2016 from 32% in
2013

GENDER STEREOTYPES

Gender Perception in Sports

Shes The Man