Nghin cu mt s cp phi v cc tnh cht ch yu

ca b tng t ln dng ct nghin

TS. V Quc Vng
B mn Vt liu xy dng
Trng i hc Thy li.
Tm tt: Tnh lu ng, chng phn tng v tch lp l yu cu ca b tng t ln
v n khng nhng c tnh lu ng cao m cn c tnh dnh kt tt. Vic dng ct
nghin thay th ct t nhin cho b tng ni chung v b tng t ln ni ring l
cn thit v ct t nhin ngy cng cn kit. Bi bo ny trnh by cc ni dung sau:
Phng php th nghim v nguyn liu ch to b tng t ln; thit k v ch
phm ca b tng t ln dng ct nghin. Kt qu nghin cu, thit k c ba cp
phi b tng t ln dng ct nghin vi mc M400, M500 v M600 m bo
cng v tnh cng tc.
T kha: B tng t ln; ct nghin; ct t nhin.

1. Gii thiu
B tng t ln (Self-Compacting concrete-SCC) l loi b tng m hn hp
mi trn xong ca n (hn hp b tng ti) c kh nng t in y cc khun
hoc cp pha k c nhng kt cu dy c ct thp m vn m bo tnh ng
nht bng chnh trng lng bn thn v chy xo, khng cn bt k mt tc
ng c hc no t bn ngoi[1]. Do SCC khng cn m m c th t ln to hnh,
khin cho k thut thi cng b tng truyn thng c bc nhy vt v cht, khng

ch thch hp vi yu cu ngy cng phc tp, quy m ngy cng ln ca cng

trnh b tng hin i, m cn cung cp bo m k thut cho thit k kt cu b
tng. Xt v nguyn liu, do s dng ph gia tnh nng cao v ph gia khong vt
lng trn ln, khin cho vic sn xut b tng vi t l t l N/CKD v lng
dng xi mng thp tr thnh hin thc, t nng cao tnh nng c hc v tnh
bn ca b tng sau khi kh cng; Xt v thi cng, ng dng ca SCC khng ch
c th ha gii nguy c ngy cng thiu ht i ng cng nhn lnh ngh, ng
thi cng chm dt ting n do m, gim bt cng lm vic ca cng nhn,
trnh c him ha thi cng do m khng k mang n, gii quyt c vn
tin thi cng, bo m cht lng cng trnh, nng cao trnh qun l thi cng
hin i ha v vn minh. Do vy, ng dng ca SCC c li ch x hi v li ch
kinh t rng ri, n c th pht huy tc dng trong mt s trng hp c bit v
cng trnh c bit m b tng ph thng khng th thay th c nh sau[2]:
(1) Thi cng b tng trong iu kin mt ct thp dy c: giao din an xen
phc tp, kh s dng my m, cht lng thi cng kh bo m.
(2) Gia c v sa cha kt cu: b tng do vch mng hnh th phc tp, ng
thi c ct thp, khi thi cng kh c th s dng my m m d xut hin,
hin tng r b mt.
(3) B tng ct thp: bt k s dng phng php bm ln nh hay l phng
php trn di, thi vic trn o b tng u rt kh khn, kh c th bo m
cht lng, b tng khng trn o t m tnh nng cao c th gii quyt
trng hp ny mt cch c hiu qu.
(4) B tng di nc v c th tch rng: rt d xy ra hin tng trn h v
trn qu, dn n s c v cht lng.
(5) Thi cng cng trnh b tng khu dn c ng c, c th gim bt nhim
v ting n, nng cao tin thi cng.

Ct nghin tr thnh mt loi ct dng trong xy dng hin i, c chnh

thc a vo tiu chun Nh nc. Ngun ct t nhin l c hu hn, mang tnh
khu vc, khai thc s lng ln trong thi gian di s ph hoi mi trng sinh
thi. Do vy, bt lun l nhu cu ca pht trin th trng hay l nhu cu ca bo
v mi trng, u cn phi tnh ton n vic s dng ngun ct nghin. T
nhng nm 60 th k 20, trong qu trnh xy dng ca mt s cng trnh ti Trung
Quc bt u tin hnh nghin cu s dng ct nghin[3], song a s n v xy
dng vn cn xa l i vi ct nghin, c bit l ct nghin trong qu trnh sn
xut s khng trnh khi sn xut qu nhiu bt , iu ny c s khc bit r
rng vi ct t nhin. Lng bt vi ny khng c li cho b tng thng
nhng n li c li cho b tng t ln v n c th nng cao tnh nng lc hc ca
b tng, ci thin tnh cng tc ca b tng. Vic ch to b tng t ln dng ct
nghin cha c nghin cu, nn vic nghin tnh cht v ch phm ca b tng
t ln dng ct nghin l iu cn thit, mang li li ch x hi v li ch kinh t
cao.
Di y trnh by mt s kt qu nghin cu SCC c thc hin ti Trung
Quc.
2. Phng php th nghim thnh phn v c tnh cng tc ca b tng t
ln.
Tnh lu ng, chng phn tng v tch lp l yu cu ca b tng t ln v
n khng nhng c tnh lu ng cao m cn c tnh dnh kt tt[2]. V tnh cng
tc ca b tng t ln ng thi yu cu tha mn ba tnh cht: tnh lu ng, tnh
chng phn tng v tnh t in y, nn th tch cht kt dnh phi m bo
bao bc xung quang tt c cc ht ct v . D lng cht kt dnh dng cho
SCC nhiu hn b tng thng.
2.1. Phng php xc nh lu ng ( chy xo ) ca SCC bng rt cn

- Phng php rt cn (Slump Flow Test) th nghim xc nh linh

ng ( chy xo) ca hn hp SCC nh sau:
+ t ngc cn th st b tng truyn thng ti trung tm tm thp
phng c kch thc 1000 x 1000 mm (b mt tm thp v cn c lau sch
bng gi m). hn hp b tng t ln vo y cn ch cho hn hp t san bng
mt ca cn. Nh nhng ko cn ln t t theo phng thng ng sao cho hn
hp b tng chy u khng b t on xung tm thp.
+ Xc nh thi gian t lc bt u rt cn n khi ng knh ca hn hp
SCC trn tm thp t c 500 mm.
+ o ng knh max ca hn hp SCC.
+ Kim tra xem hn hp SCC c s phn tng tch nc hay khng, nht l
ti ch ra mp hn hp.
- nh gi lu ng ca hn hp SCC.
Hn hp SCC t yu cu khi: ng knh Max ca hn hp SCC nm
trong khong 600 n 800 mm, thi gian t c ng knh D = 500mm sau 3
n 6 giy k t lc bt u rt cn; ng nht ca hn hp tt khng phn
tng, tch nc ti mp ra ngoi ca hn hp.

Hnh 1. Th nghim xc nh chy xo Hnh 2. Th nghim xc nh kh nng

ca hn hp SCC

t ln ca hn hp SCC

2.2. Phng php xc nh kh nng t ln ca hn hp SCC bng khun

hnh

- Phng php ny s dng khun hnh ch U (U - Channel box) da trn

thit k ca ngi Nht. Khun gm 2 hp ch nht ni vo nhau thnh hnh U,
c phn cch bi ca chn c th rt ra c cho hn hp SCC chy t hp
n sang hp kia qua ca c cc thanh ct thp t ngay trc ca, c hai loi kt
cu thanh ct thp chun: loi mt gm 5 thanh ct thp 10 khong cch cc
thanh l 35cm, loi hai gm 3 thanh ct thp 13 khong cch cc thanh l 35cm.
Qu trnh th nghim c tin hnh nh sau:
+ Trn hn hp SCC vi khi lng khong chng 20 lt.

+ Ly gi m lau sch mt bn trong ca khun hp hnh U.

+ khun th (U - Channel box) trn nn phng.
+ Kim tra m bo ca chn d dng m
+ y hn hp SCC vo mt bn hp ca khun, khong 1 pht cho
hn hp t dn phng.
+ Nhc ca chn hn hp SCC chy t do qua khe cc thanh ct thp
(c nhiu loi ct thp kch thc cc thanh theo yu cu thit k ca hn
hp SCC) vo phn khun hp bn cnh.
+ Khi hn hp b tng ngng chy, o chiu cao ca hn hp b tng chy
sang.
- nh gi kh nng t ln ca hn hp SCC.
Hn hp SCC t yu cu v kh nng t ln khi: Chiu cao in y ln hn
320mm.
3. Nguyn liu ch to b tng t ln.
3.1. Xi mng
Trong nghin cu ny, dng xi mng Portland P.II52.5, c cng nn R7
= 49,7MPa v R28 = 60,1MPa.
3.2. Bt vi
Bt vi c trng lng ring 2720 /m3, m 0,25%.
3.3. Ct liu nh

Ct liu nh l ct nghin, c mdun ln Ml = 2,58.

3.4. Ct liu ln
Ct liu ln l dm Dmax = 20mm khai thc ti m Huyn V, 5 x 10
mm v 10 x 20mm vi t l 4:6.
3.5. Ph gia siu do
S dng ph gia siu do v ph gia bt kh do cng ty trch nhim hu
hn vt liu mi Bote-Giang T-Trung Quc sn xut.

4. Kt qu nghin cu v tho lun.

Da vo quy trnh k thut ng dng b tng t ln ca Trung Quc
CECS203: 2006 tin hnh thit k cp phi SCC[5]. Trong qu trnh th nghim,
tng hm lng bt (gm xi mng Portland ph gia khong v bt vi) thay i
trong phm vi 513 660 kg/m3. T l N/CKD thay i trong phm vi 0,25 0,35.
4.1. Thnh phn cp phi.
Thnh phn cp phi b tng t ln c nu trong bng 1.
Bng 1. Thnh phn cp phi b tng t ln kg/m3

Thnh phn cp phi (kg/m3)

Bt
Vt
liu

N/CKD

Xi
(%)

Tro

mng bay

Nc Ct

Ph
gia

siu
do

CP1

0,35

18

221

292

180

632 930 7,18

CP2

0,30

12

270

243

154

711 930 7,57

CP3

0,25

12

375

138

128

799 935 9,23

4.2. Tnh cng tc v cng .

Tnh cng tc v cng ca SCC c nu trong bng 2
Bng 2. Tnh cng tc v cng ca SCC

Mu

chy

Chiu cao chy

Cng nn

xe

qua khun hnh

(KG/cm2)

(mm)

U (mm)
R7

R28

CP1

660

300

36,34

47,52

CP2

730

330

60,55

68,36

CP3

705

310

59,68

75,84

Nhn vo bng 2 c th thy ba cp phi u m bo tnh cng tc v

chy xe v chiu cao chy qua khun hnh U. Cng nn ngy tui 28 ca
CP1 t c mc 400, CP2 t mc 500 v ca CP3 t mc 600. Cng nn
ca SCC tng khi hm lng xi mng tng, iu ny ng vi quy lut ca b tng
ph thng.
4.3. nh hng ca bt n cng nn v tnh co ngt ca SCC.
Trong phm vi nghin cu tc gi chn t l phn trm bt pha trn l
0%, 12%, 18% v 24%, sau lm th nghim kim tra tnh cng tc, cng
nn v tnh co ngt ca SCC. Qua kt qu th nghim phn tnh nh gi nh
hng ca bt n cng nn v tnh co ngt ca SCC. Kt qu th nghim
nh hng ca bt vi n cng nn v tnh cng tc ca SCC c nu
trong bng 3.
Nhn vo kt qu bng 3 c th thy t l bt pha trn 18% cho tnh
cng tc v cng nn ca SCC tt nht. T l bt pha trn 12% cng
nn ngy tui 28 tng 7%, t l bt pha trn 18% cng nn ngy tui
28 tng 14% nhng t l bt pha trn tng ln 24% cng nn ngy tui
28 li ch tng 4%, iu ny chng t nu t l bt tng qu gii hn th cng
ca SCC s gim iu ny ng vi quy lut ca b tng ph thng.

Bng 3. Kt qu th nghim cng nn v tnh cng tc ca SCC

Mu

Mc

Bt

Tnh cng tc

Cng nn

(mm)

(KG/cm2)

chy
xe

AM400x0

Chiu cao
chy qua
khun

R7

R28

hnh U

560

270

352,8

455,4

AM400x12

12

575

290

363,6

488,6

AM400x18

18

620

320

378,5

517,6

AM400x24

24

605

300

363,4

475,2

M400

Kt qu th nghim nh hng ca bt vi n tnh co ngt ca SCC

c nu trong hnh 3.

Hnh 3 nh hng ca bt n co ngt ca SCC

Nhn vo hnh 3 c th thy kt qu t co ca b tng ng vi t l bt

pha trn. Vi thi gian t 0 n 14 ngy tui b tng c t l bt pha trn 24%
cho kt qu t co nh nht sau n b tng c t l bt pha trn 12% v b tng
c t l bt pha trn 18% c t co gn vi b tng khng trn bt . Sau 28
ngy tui t co ca b tng khng pha bt gim xung nh nht, t co ca b
tng trn 24% bt tng ln ln nht, sau n b tng trn 18% bt v cui
cng l b tng trn 12% bt , iu ny chng t t bin ca bt d trong b
tng xut hin, tuy nhin vi t l bt pha trn l 18% t co vn m bo
phm vi cho php.

5. Kt lun.
- Gii thiu phng php th nghim tnh cng tc ca b tng t ln. Thit
k c ba cp phi b tng t ln dng hon ton ct nghin thay ct t nhin vi
mc thit k l 400, 500 v 600.
- Xt nh hng ca bt n tnh cng tc v cng ca SCC tm ra
c t l bt pha trn t nht l 18%.
- Xt nh hng ca bt n tnh co ngt ca SCC.
Ti liu tham kho
[1]

Hong Ph Uyn. Nghin cu ng dng cng ngh b tng t m vo

cng trnh Thu li, 2008.

[2]

. . 200738(1),
4952.

[3]

. .
200425(3): 2024.

[4]

Okamura H, Ozawa K. Mix design self-compacting concrete. Concrete

Library of JSCE, 1995, 25, 107120.

[5]

CECS 203:2006 Technical specifications for self compacting concrete

application, Beijing, 2006, 69pages.

Research on some grandes and essential properties of Self-compacting

concrete with artificial sand

Abstract: Flow ability, passing ability and anti-segregating are required by the
Self-Compacting concrete (SCC) because it has not only high flow ability but also
good consistency. Substituting artificial sand for natural sand in concrete and selfcompacting concrete is very necessary as natureal sand become fewer every
passing day. This paper presents the following items: Method of tests and raw
materials for making self compacting concrete; mix design and performance of
self compacting concrete with artificial sand. Results of research are three grades
of self-compacting concrete with artificial sand aggregates designed and
experimented strength from M400, M500 and M600.
Key words: Self-compacting concrete; artificial sand; natural sand.