Abstract Weld bead characteristics are metallurgically controlled

by heat input, which depends on the welding parameters.

However, for numerous welding specialists, an
accurate measurement of the current, voltage, and welding
speed is enough for preventing unambiguous process specifications.
But a comprehensive knowledge of the effect of
others parameters, such as plate thickness and the type of
pass to be performed (full penetration, root pass, or filler
pass), is also required if a less conservative welding procedure
is aimed. The goal of the present paper is to increase the
ability to control the quality of the welding processes used in
production by considering the effect of heat losses through
the back side of the weld by radiation for full penetration
welding, when developing welding procedure specifications.
It is concluded that the thermal efficiency factor and, consequently,
the heat input need to be differentiated in the
welding specifications for full penetration welding