Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

CHAPTER

10

Solution of Triangles

1. (a) Using sine rule,

sin BAC sin ABC
=

BC
AC
sin
50
sin BAC = 12
10
BAC = 6649

(b) ABC = 180 20 38

= 122
AB

sin C
5

sin 20
5 sin 122
AC =
sin 20
= 12.4 cm

AC
(c) =
sin B
AC
=

sin 122

(b) ACB = 180 50 6649

= 6311
AB
AC
=

sin ACB
sin ABC
10
AB = sin 6311
sin 50
= 11.65 cm

QR

sin P
4

sin 30
4
PQ = sin 50
sin 30
= 6.128 cm

PQ
=
4. (a)
sin R
PQ
=

sin 50

2. (a) PRQ = 180 50 60

= 70
PQ
=
(b)
sin R
PQ
=

sin 70

PR

sin Q
14

sin 50
14
PQ = sin 70
sin 50
= 17.17 cm

(b) PQR = 180 30 50

= 100
RQ
PR
(c) =
sin P
sin Q
PR
4
=

sin 100
sin 30
4 sin 100
PR =
sin 30
= 7.878 cm

RQ
PR
(c) =
sin P
sin Q
RQ
14
=

sin 60
sin 50
14
RQ = sin 60
sin 50
= 15.83 cm

5. (a)

B
10 cm

sin BAC
3. (a) =
BC
sin BAC
=

9

sin ACB

AB
sin 20

5
sin 20
sin BAC = 9
5
BAC = 38

In ABC2,

sin AC2B

=
AB
sin AC2B

=
10

8 cm

50
C1

C2

sin A

BC2
sin 50

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

10 sin 50
sin AC2B =
8
AC2B = 7315

(c) ABC2 = 180 BAC1 BC2A

= 180 5519 70

= 5441

AC1B = 180 7315

= 10645

AC2

=
sin ABC2
AC2

=

sin 5441

AB

sin AC2B
8

sin 70
8
AC2 = sin 5441
sin 70
= 6.947 cm

Therefore, the two possible angles of ACB are

7315 and 10645.

(b) In ABC1,

ABC1 = 180 50 10645

= 2315

7. (a)

AC1
8

=
sin 2315
sin 50
8
AC1 = sin 2315
sin 50
= 4.122 cm

BC2

sin BAC2
8

sin 50
8
AC2 = sin 5645
sin 50
= 8.734 cm

AC2

=

sin ABC2
AC2

=
sin 5645

(b) 6.5 cm , BC , 13 cm
sin 30
sin BPA

=
(c)
13
12
13 sin 30
sin BPA =
12
BPA = 3248

B
8 cm
A

C1

ABP = 180 3248 30
= 11712

7 cm
70

1
8. (a) ABE = ABC
2
1
= 60
2

= 30

C2

BC1C2 = BC2C1

= 70

AC1B = 180 70

= 110

In ABD,
sin 30
sin ADB

=

7
12
7
sin ADB = sin 30
12


ADB = 1657

(b) In ABC1,

sin BAC
sin BC1A
1 =
BC1
AB

sin BAC
sin 110
1 =
8
7
7 sin 110
sin BAC1 =
8

BAC1 = 5519

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In ABC,

BCA = 90
BC
sin 30 =
AB
BC
=
13
BC = 13 sin 30
= 6.5 cm

In ABC2,

ABC2 = 180 50 7315

= 5645

6. (a)

cm
13
30

(b) DEA = 90

In ADE,

DE
cos ADE =
DA
DE

cos 1657 =
12
DE = 12 cos 1657
= 11.48 cm
2

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

sin 50
sin BDC = 12
9.849
BDC = 6858

(c) BAD = 180 ABE ADB

= 180 30 1657

= 1333
9. BC2 = 102 + 122 2(10)(12) cos 48
= 83.41
BC = 9.133 cm

16. (a) In ABC,

C = 180 30 80

= 70
AB
10
=
sin 70
sin 80
10
AB = sin 70
sin 80
= 9.542 cm

10. 102 = 8.22 + 7.52 2(8.2)(7.5) cos PQR

8.22 + 7.52 102
cos PQR =
2(8.2)(7.5)
PQR = 7859

72 + 82 142
11. cos ABC =
2(7)(8)
= 0.7411
ABC = 13749

(b) In ABC,
BC2 = 9.5422 + 102 2(9.542)(10) cos 30
BC = 5.077 cm

12. RQ = 5 + 7 2(5)(7) cos 150

= 134.6
RQ = 11.6 cm

1
(c) CE = BC
2
1
= 5.077
2
= 2.539 cm

180 40
13. (a) BDC =
2

= 70

52 + 62 2.5392
cos CDE =
2(5)(6)

CDE = 2436

ADB = 180 70

= 110

1
17. Area of ABC = 5 8 sin 30
2

= 10 cm2

(b)
AB = 10 + 8 2(10)(8) cos 110
= 218.7
AB = 14.79 cm
2

1
18. Area of PQR = 12 10 sin 120
2

= 51.96 cm2

14. In ABC,
BC2 = AB2 + AC2
= 122 + 52
BC = 13 cm

19.

Area of ABC = 20 cm2

1
8 13 sin BAC = 20
2
20 2
sin BAC =
8 13

BAC = 2237

13
DC =
2
= 6.5 cm
In ACD,

72 + 6.52 52
cos ADC =
2(7)(6.5)
ADC = 4317

1
20. Area of ABC = 5 8 sin 25
2
1
Volume of the prism = 5 8 sin 25 10
2

= 84.52 cm3

15. (a) In ABD,

BD2 = 82 + 32 2(8)(3) cos 120
= 97
BD = 9.849 cm

21. (a) In ABC,

AC
10
=

sin 70
sin 50

(b) In BCD,
sin BCD
sin BDC

=

BD
BC
sin 50
sin
BDC
=

12
9.849

10
AC = sin 70
sin 50
= 12.27 cm

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

(b) In ACV,

(c) In ABC,

BCA = 180 (30 + 130)

= 20

12
tan ACV =
12.27

ACV = 4422

Therefore, the angle between the line VC and the

plane ABC is 4422.

22. (a)

5
BC = sin 30
sin 20
= 7.31 cm

D
6 cm
A

1
(d) Area of ACD = 6 12 sin 12151
2

= 30.58 cm2

8 cm

In ABD,
DB2 = 62 + 82
DB = 10 cm

2. (a) (i)

VO
tan VBO =
BO
VO
tan 30 =
5
VO = 5 tan 30
= 2.887 cm

sin 30

sin BAC = 7
5.2

1
BO = DB
2
1
= (10)
2
=5

Let E be the midpoint of BC.

2.887
tan VEO =
4

VEO = 3549

BAC = 4218

(iii) Area of quadrilateral ABCD

= Area of ABC + Area of ACD
1

7 9.9 sin 30 +
=
2
1

8 9.9 sin 50

2

= 47.66 cm2

2.887 cm
4 cm

(ii) In ACD,
DC2 = 82 + 9.92 2(8)(9.9) cos 50
= 60.19
DC = 7.758 cm

In ABC,

sin 30
sin BAC
=

5.2
7

In VOB,

(b)

BC
5
=
sin 30
sin 20

(b) (i)

Therefore, the angle between the plane VBC and

the plane ABCD is 3549.

5.2
A

cm

B
7 cm
30
A

1. (a) In ABC, given the area of ABC = 20 cm

1

5 AC sin 30 = 20

2
20 2

AC =
5 sin 30
= 16 cm

(ii) BAC = 180 BAC

= 180 4218

= 13742
102 + 122 152
3. (a) cos ABC =
2(10)(12)

ABC = 8528

(b) In ACD,

62 + 122 162
cos ADC =
2(6)(12)

ADC = 12151

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Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

(b) (i)
m
3c

A
12

cm

15 cm
D

50

A
B

4.2 c
15

In ACD,
sin 50
sin ADC
=
13
15
15
sin 50
sin ADC =
13
ADC = 627
ADC = 180 627
= 11753

Area of ACD
1
= 13 15 sin 127
2

= 20.47 cm2
1

4.2 4.2 sin ABC = 4.41

2
4.41 2

sin ABC =
4.2 4.2


ABC = 150

(b)

40
4.2 cm

In VBE,

Therefore, the angle between the plane VAC and

the plane ABC is 7251.

CBD = 180 116 32

= 32
Therefore, BD = DC

= 3 cm

In BCD,
BC2 = 32 + 32 2(3)(3) cos 116
= 25.89
BC = 5.088 cm

Given ABC is an
obtuse angle.

(b) In ABC,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 2(AC)(BC) cos C
= 102 + 5.0882 2(10)(5.088) cos 32
AB = 6.292 cm

1.087 cm

1. (a) BDC = 180 64

= 116

Area of ABC = 4.41

3.524
tan BEV =
1.087
BEV = 7251

(iii)
DAC = 180 50 11753

= 127

3.524 cm

DC
13
=
sin 6753
sin 50
13 sin 6753
DC =
sin 50
= 15.72 cm

180 150
BAC =
2

= 15

(ii)
DAC = 180 50 627

= 6753

4.2 c

Let E be the midpoint of AC,

In ABE,
BE

sin 15 =
4.2
BE = 4.2 sin 15
= 1.087 cm

10 cm

4. (a)

15 0

(c) Area of ABD

1
= AD BD sin BDA
2
1
= 7 3 sin 64
2

= 9.437 cm2

VB
tan 40 =
4.2
VB = 4.2 tan 40
= 3.524 cm

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

2. (a) In ABD,
BD2 = 122 + 52
= 169
BD = 13 cm

Area of ACD
1
= 10 9.644 sin 566
2

= 40.02 cm2

In DBC,

DBC = 180 (70 + 60)

= 50

DC
13
=
sin 50
sin 60
13
DC = sin 50
sin 60
= 11.5 cm

4. (a) In PQS,
PS
8
=
sin 80
sin 60
8 sin 80
PS =
sin 60
= 9.097 cm

(b) Area of BCD

1
= BD DC sin BDC
2
1
= 13 11.5 sin 70
2

= 70.24 cm2

1
RS = PS
2
1
= 9.097
2
= 4.549 cm

(c) Let the vertical height from B to DC be h.

1

h DC = 70.24

2
1

h 11.5 = 70.24

2
70.24 2

h =
11.5
= 12.22 cm

(b) QPS = 180 (80 + 60)

= 40

PR = PS + SR
= 9.097 + 4.549
= 13.65 cm

In PQR,
QR2 = 82 + 13.652 2(8)(13.65) cos 40
= 83.02
QR = 9.112 cm

Therefore, the height from B to DC is 12.22 cm.

3. (a) In ABC,
AC2 = 42 + 72 2(4)(7) cos 120
= 93
AC = 9.644 cm

1
(c) Area of PQR = 8 13.65 sin 40
2

= 35.1 cm2

(b) ADC = 180 ABC

= 180 120

= 60

In ADC,

5. (a) In ABC,
3 cm2

Area of ABC = AB
1

x y sin 60 = AB

3
2
AB3
1

xy = AB
3

2
2

xy = 4

Using cosine rule,
52 = x2 + y2 2xy cos 60
1

25 = x2 + y2 2xy
2

25 = x2 + y2 xy

25 = (x + y)2 2xy xy

25 = (x + y)2 3xy

25 = (x + y)2 3(4)
(x + y)2 = 37
37
x + y = ABB

sin 60
sin DCA
=
9.644
10
sin 60
sin DCA = 10
9.644


DCA = 6354

1 2

1 2

DAC = 180 6354 60

= 566
(c) Area of ABC
1
= 4 7 sin 120
2

= 12.12 cm2

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Area of quadrilateral ABCD

= 12.12 + 40.02
= 52.14 cm2

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

(b) Let h be the vertical height from A to BC.

3
Area of ABC = AB
1
AB
5 h = 3
2
3
2AB

h
=
5
= 0.6928 cm

In VOE,

Therefore, the angle between the plane VAB and

the base is 7010.

12
tan VEO =
4.33

VEO = 7010

7. (a)

6. (a) Given volume of the cone = 100 cm3

1
r2h = 100
3
1
r2 12 = 100

3

r2 = 25

r = 5 cm

E
5 cm
A

12 cm

In ABE,
AE2 = 52 + 122
= 169
AE = 13 cm

12 cm

In VOA,
12
tan VAO =
5

5 cm

1 2

Therefore, the angle between the edge VA and the

base is 6723.
O

Let E be the midpoint of AB.

In AOE,
OE

cos 30 =
5
OE = 5 cos 30
= 4.33 cm

15.49 cm
F

12 cm

Let F be the midpoint of AD,

In EFV,
15.49
tan VFE =
12
VFE = 5214

12 cm

(b) In AVE,
VE
tan 50 =
AE
VE
=
13
VE = 13 tan 50
= 15.49 cm

5 cm 30 30 5 cm

50
13 cm

In AEV,
AE
cos 50 =
AV
13

=
AV
13
AV =
cos 50
= 20.22 cm

12
VAO = tan1
5
= 6723

(b)

Therefore, the angle between the planes VDA and

VCB is 5214.

O 4.33 cm E

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

(c)

Since ED = 2AE

\ Area of CDE = 2 4.025

= 8.05 cm2

15.49 cm

5 cm

1. (a) In ABE,
sin ABE
sin 30

=
6
8
8 sin 30

sin ABE =
6
ABE = 4149

\CBE = 180 4149
= 13811

In BVE,
15.49
tan VBE =
5

VBE = 727

Therefore, the angle between the plane VAB and

the base ABCD is 727.

In BCE,

CE2 = 62 + 102 2(6)(10) cos 13811
= 225.4

CE = 15.01 cm

(d) In VBE,
VB2 = 15.492 + 52
VB = 16.28 cm

(b)

Given area of CDE = 50

1
CE CD sin DCE = 50

2
1
15.01 12 sin DCE = 50

2

V
2

.2

20

cm

12 cm

16.28 cm
B

2. (a) In ABC,

52 = 82 + 102 2(8)(10) cos BCA
82 + 102 52
cos BCA =
2(8)(10)
BCA = 2941

8. (a) In ABC,
sin 30
sin BCA
=

5
4
4 sin 30
sin BCA =
5
BCA = 2335

(b) DCE = BCA

= 2941

BAC = 180 2335 30

= 12625

In CDE,
CE
14

=
sin 50
sin 2941
14 sin 50
CE =
sin 2941
= 21.66 cm

BC
5
=
sin 12625
sin 30
5 sin 12625

BC =
sin 30
= 8.047 cm

3. (a)

1
(b) EB = BC
2
1
= (8.047)
2
= 4.024 cm

9 cm
E

Area of AEC
1
= 5 4.024 sin 2335
2

= 4.025 cm2

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50 2
sin DCE =
15.01 12
DCE = 3343

20.222 + 16.282 122

cos AVB =
2(20.22)(16.28)
AVB = 3624

9 cm

In BEF,
EF2 = 92 + 92
162 cm
EF = ABBB
8

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

In ABC,
AC2 = 122 + 122
= 288
288 cm
AC = ABBB
1
AO = AC
2
1
288 cm
= ABBB
2

ET
cos VET =
VE

ABBB
162

2
=
ABBB
109

12 cm

12 cm

In VET,

ABBB
162
=
109
2ABBB
VET = 5227

\ VEF = 5227

(b) Area of VEF

= 2 Area of ETV
ABBB
162
1
109 sin 5227

= 2 ABBB
2
2
2

= 52.68 cm

8 cm
A

In AOV,


288 cm

4. (a)

8 cm

288
AV = 8 +
4
= 64 + 72
= 136
136 cm

AV = ABBB
2

8 cm

In ABC,
82 + 82
AC = ABBBBB
128 cm
= ABBB

F

136 cm

6 cm

In BRV,
136 )2 (6)2
VR2 = (ABBB

VR = 10 cm


136 cm

6 cm

C
R 3 cm F 3 cm

F
6 cm

In BFC,
62 + 82
FC = ABBBBB
= 10 cm


109 cm

8 cm

In ABF,
62 + 82
AF = ABBBBB
= 10 cm

In VRF,
VF2 = 32 + 102
109 cm

VF = ABBB

T

162 cm

8 cm

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

10 cm

52 32
(b) In PRV, PR = ABBBBB

= ABB
16

= 4 cm

10 cm

128 cm


In AFC,
AC2 = AF2 + FC2 2(AF)(FC) cos AFC

128 = 100 + 100 200 cos AFC
100 + 100 128
cos AFC =
200
AFC = 6854


Therefore, the angle between the line VQ and the

horizontal plane PQR is 2312.

In PRQ,

(c) In PVQ,

32 + 72
VQ = ABBBBB
= ABB
58 cm

6 cm

In ABC,

AC2 = 82 + 82
= 128
128 cm
AC = ABBB

52 + 82 58
cos VRQ =
2(5)(8)
VRQ = 6712

1
Area of VRQ = 5 8 sin 6712
2

= 18.44 cm2

ABBB
128
FOB = 4641

40
Area of BCD =
2
= 20 cm2
1

8 10 sin BCD = 20

2
1

sin BCD =
2

BCD = 30

6. (a)

Therefore, the angle between the plane AFC and

the plane ABCD is 4641.

5. (a)

(b)

3 cm
7 cm

P
C

In PQV,
3
tan VQP =
7
3
VQP = tan1
7
= 2312

8 cm
10 cm

In ABC

B = 180 30

= 150

1 2

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8 cm

(ABB
58)2 = 52 + 82 2(5)(8) cos VRQ

ABBB
128
\ BO = cm
2
6
tan FOB =
ABBB
128

2
12
=


58 cm

5 cm

7 cm

42 + 72 82
cos RPQ =
2(4)(7)
RPQ = 8859

(c) Let O be the intersection point of diagonals AC

and BD.


128 cm

8 cm

1
(b) The area of AFC = 10 10 sin 6854
2

= 46.65 cm2

4 cm

10

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

8. (a) C = 180 (80 + 40)

= 60

The shortest side is BC since its opposite angle
is smallest.

AC2 = 82 + 102 2(8)(10) cos 150

AC = 17.39 cm
V

BC
16
=

sin 40
sin 80
16 sin 40
BC =
sin 80
= 10.44 cm

12 cm

17.39 cm


In VAC,
12
tan C =
17.39
C = 3436

1
(b) Area of ABC = 16 10.44 sin 60
2

= 72.33 cm2

Therefore, the angle between the line CV and the

plane ABCD is 3436.

7. (a)

(c)

A
40

16 cm
3

5
T
4

3
Given sin BAC = and BAC is an obtuse
5
angle.

Area of ABC = 72.33

1

16 BT = 72.33

2
72.33 2

BT =
16
= 9.041 cm

4
\ cos BAC =
5

In ABC,
2
BC
= 122 + 72 2(12)(7) cos BAC
4
= 122 + 72 2(12)(7)
5

BC = 18.09 cm

(b)

7 cm
C

1
Area of ABC = 12 7
2
1
1
AD BC = 12 7

2
2
1
1
AD 18.09 = 12 7

2
2
3
12 7

AD =
5
18.09
= 2.786 cm

Hence, the shortest distance from B to AC is

9.041 cm.

9. (a) In ABC,
sin ACB sin 30
=

10
6
10 sin 30
sin ACB =
6
ACB = 12333

\ ACD = 180 12333
= 5627

In ACD,
AD2 = 62 + 62 2(6)(6) cos 5627
= 32.208

AD = 5.675 cm

A
12 cm

sin A
3

5
3

180 5627
(b) ADC =
2
12333
=
2
= 6147

\ EDF = 6147

Hence, the perpendicular distance from A to BC

is 2.786 cm.

11

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

1
Area of DEF = 12 5.675 sin 6147
2

= 30 cm2

In ABE,
AE 2 = 102 + 62
= 136

AE = 11.66 cm

10. (a) ADB = 180 80

= 100

In ABD,
8
AB
=

sin 60
sin 100
8 sin 100
AB =
sin 60
= 9.097 cm
(b) In ACD,
AC
8
=

sin 80
sin 70
8 sin 80
AC =
sin 70
= 8.384 cm

In BCD,

CD2 = 52 + 122
= 169

CD = 13 cm

1
(b) EF = AE
3
1
= 11.66
3
= 3.887 cm
2
CF = CD
3
2
= 13
3

= 8.667 cm

(c) DAC = 180 (80 + 70)

= 30

Area of ADC
1
= 8 8.384 sin 30
2

= 16.77 cm2

8.667 cm

3.887 cm

6 cm

In CEF,

3.8872 + 8.6672 62
cos CFE =
2(3.887)(8.667)
CFE = 3625

11. (a) ACD = 180 60

= 120

In ACD,

AD2 = 82 + 52 2(8)(5) cos 120
= 129

AD = 11.36 cm

(c) Area of CEF

1
= 3.887 8.667 sin 3625
2

= 10 cm2

(b) In ABC,
8
AB
=

sin 40
sin 60
8 sin 60
AB =
sin 40
= 10.78 cm

1
Area of BDC = 5 12
2

= 30 cm2

Area of BDFE = 30 10

= 20 cm2
13. (a) In ADC,
sin DAC
sin 35
=

10
8
10 sin 35
sin DAC =
8
DAC = 4548

(c) Area of ABD

= Area of ABC + Area of ACD
1
1
= 8 10.78 sin 80 + 5 8 sin 120
2
2

= 59.79 cm2
12. (a)

(b) DAB = 35 + 4548

= 8048

In ABD,
BD2 = 82 + 102 2(8)(10) cos 8048
= 138.42

BD = 11.77 cm

A
5 cm
D
F
5 cm
B

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6 cm

6 cm

12

Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

14. (a)

(b) ABC = 180 (30 + 3841)

= 180 6841

= 11119

5 cm

5 cm

In ABC,
AC2 = 82 + 102 2(8)(10) cos 11119

AC = 14.91 cm

6c

5 cm

(c) BOC = 2 BAC

= 2 3841

= 7722

5 cm

In BCO,

62 + 52 52
cos BCO =
2(6)(5)
BCO = 538

(b) BOC = 180 2 538

= 180 10616

= 7344

7722
Minor arc length BC = 2 p 8
360
= 10.8 cm

17. (a) In RNS,

NR2 = 122 + 52

NR = 13 cm

1
Area of AOD = 5 5 sin 7344
2

= 12 cm2

8 cm

15. (a) BOC = 180 70

= 110

In BOC,
BC2 = 82 + 82 2(8)(8) cos 110

BC = 13.11 cm

8
MRN = tan1
13
= 3136

16. (a)

cm

8 cm

5 cm

8 cm

12 cm

30

10

1 2

Therefore, the angle between the line MR and the

plane PQRS is 3136.

(b)

cm 60

In MNR,

8
tan MRN =
13

1
(b) Area of ABC = 2 8 8 sin 70
2

= 60.14 cm2

13 cm

In SNR,

12
tan SNR =
5

OA = OB = AB = 8 cm
1

C = AOB
2

= 30

12
SNR = tan1
5
= 6723

1 2

In ABC,
sin BAC sin 30

=
8
10
10 sin 30
sin BAC =
8
BAC = 3841
13

Therefore, the angle between the plane MNR and

the plane ADSP is 6723.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 10

(c) In SRQ,

SQ2 = 102 + 122
244 cm

SQ = ABBB

122 + 202 152

cos ROS =
2(12)(20)
ROS = 4821

\ QOR = 180 4821

= 13139

8 cm

In SBQ,

(b) In ROQ,
QR2 = 202 + 122 2(20)(12) cos 13139
= 863

QR = 29.38 cm


244 cm

8
tan BSQ =
ABBB
244
BSQ = 277
18. (a)

PQ
=
20. (a)
BC
PQ
=

6

PQ =

A
8 cm

7 cm

35

AP
=

PB
AP
=

2

AP =

In BAD,

AD
sin 35 =
8
AD = 8 sin 35
= 4.589 cm

3
2 cm
1

2
1 cm

AQ
1

=
2
QC
AQ
1
=

2
4

AQ = 2 cm

Therefore, the shortest distance from A to BC is

4.589 cm.

(b)

In ROS,

8 cm

1 cm
7 cm

35

2 cm

7 cm
2 cm

In ABD,
sin ADB sin 35
=

7
8
8 sin 35
sin ADB =
7
ADB = 4058, 1392

4 cm

6 cm

In ABC,
32 + 62 62
cos BAC =
2(3)(6)
BAC = 7531
Area of APQ
1
(b) =
3
Area of ABC
1

=
9

1 2

19. (a)
Q

20 c

12

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cm O

12

cm

20 c

15 cm

\ Area of APQ : Area of trapezium BCQP
= 1 : 8.

14