. , , , , , 2014.

L1 mL12

L2
m :1

1
L12
m

mL12

 . , , , , , 2014.

, -,
,

 . , , , , , 2014.

(),

 . , , , , , 2014.

 . , , , , , 2014.

 . , , , , , 2014.

?
1. ( )
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.

 . , , , , , 2014.

i
u

R12

ig

u
R12 =
i

 . , , , , , 2014.

 . , , , , , 2014.

Majer-








()

 . , , , , , 2014.

-Majer-
ugT = R12igN

ugT
u

ugT = u i =0

igN

R12

R12

igN = i u =0

R12

 . , , , , , 2014.

?
?

 . , , , , , 2014.

pmax = p( R) R = R

12

pmax

R12

2
ugT

1
=
4 R12

p = p( R) = u (i)

 . , , , , , 2014.

(1)
R1
ug

R2

 . , , , , , 2014.

(2)
R1

R2
ug

 . , , , , , 2014.

 . , , , , , 2014.

 . , , , , , 2014.

()

 . , , , , , 2014.

i1

i2
m :1

u1

u2

u1 = m u 2

1
i1 = m i2

p1

p2

 . , , , , , 2014.

,
N
, m = 1

N2

p = u1i1 + u 2i2 = 0

 . , , , , , 2014.

()

m :1

m R

,
,

 . , , , , , 2014.

()




e

 . , , , , , 2014.

i2

i1

u1

L1

L2

u2

di1
di2

u1 = L1 dt + L12 dt

u = L di1 + L di2
12
2
2
dt
dt

L12
k=

L12
L1L2

p1

p2

 . , , , , , 2014.

,
,

()
,
()

 . , , , , , 2014.

i2

i1

u1

L1

L2

k =1
L12 = L1L2

u2

di1
di2

u1 = L1 dt + L1L2 dt

u = L L di1 + L di2
1 2
2
2
dt
dt

di1
di2

u1 = L1 dt + L1L2 dt

u = L2 u = 1 u
1
1
2
L1
m

 . , , , , , 2014.

i2

i1

u1

u2

di1 di2
+

u1 = L
dt

dt
u = u
1
2

k =1

k =1

L1 = L2 = L12 = L

m =1

 . , , , , , 2014.

()
(
)
,
,

 . , , , , , 2014.

-

L1 L12

L2 L12

1:1

L12

( )

 . , , , , , 2014.

1
L2 L12
m

L1 mL12

1
L12
m

mL12
L12
( )

 . , , , , , 2014.

L1 mL12

mL12

m :1

1
L2 L12
m

 . , , , , , 2014.

?
,

, ,
,

 . , , , , , 2014.

N1

u
u
=
3
1

N3

N2

u3
u2 =
N3

N1i1 + N 2i2 + N 3i3 = 0

u1

u3
i3

N1
N3

i1

u2

N2

i2

 . , , , , , 2014.

()
()


()

 . , , , , , 2014.

,
,

,

 . , , , , , 2014.

(1)
?
?
.
.
?
.
.

 . , , , , , 2014.

(2)
?
() .
?
?
?
?
?
?
.

 . , , , , , 2014.

(3)

 . , , , , , 2014.

(4)

 . , , , , , 2014.

(1)

 . , , , , , 2014.

(2)

 . , , , , , 2014.

(3)

 . , , , , , 2014.

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von

Helmholtz 18211894
H. Helmholtz, "ber einige
Gesetze der Vertheilung
elektrischer Strme in
krperlichen Leitern mit
Anwendung auf die
thierisch-elektrischen
Versuche", Annalen der
Physik und Chemie, vol. 89,
no. 6, pp. 211233, 1853.

Whoever in the pursuit

of science, seeks after
immediate practical
utility may rest assured
that he seeks in vain.
(Heidelberg 1862)

.
1853.
, ().

 . , , , , , 2014.

Lon Charles Thvenin 18571926

L. Thvenin, "Extension de
la loi dOhm aux circuits
lectromoteurs complexes",
Annales Tlgraphiques
(Troisieme srie), vol. 10,
pp. 222224, 1883.

L. Thvenin, "Sur un
nouveau thorme
dlectricit dynamique",
Comptes Rendus
hebdomadaires des sances
de lAcadmie des
Sciences, vol. 97, pp. 159
161, 1883.

. cole Polytechnique, Paris.

. Meaux, Seine-et-Marne, .

 . , , , , , 2014.

Hans Ferdinand Mayer 18951980

H. F. Mayer, Ueber
das Ersatzschema der
Verstrkerrhre,
Telegraphen- und
Fernsprech-Technik,
vol. 15, pp. 335337,
1926.

.
Karlsruhe Heidelberg.
Philipp Lenard.

(Ersatzschema). Pforzheim, .

 . , , , , , 2014.

Edward Lawry Norton 18981983

"Design of Finite Networks
for Uniform Frequency
Characteristic", technical
report TM2601860, Bell
Laboratories, Nov. 3, 1926.

. MIT.

. Rockland, Maine, .