Delos Reyes, Yohanna G.

BS Psychology 2-C
Part I.
1. Mr. Gonzales is a political scientist because he used his knowledge in politics by writing
books which help his students to become more educated and familiar to the concept of the
politics. And as a political scientist, Mr. Gonzales only studies government, political
processes and political issues in a scientific way, often within the context of an academic
institution and he is not involve in any political activity like what the politicians do.
2. Mr. Jose de Venecia is not a political scientist. Hes a politician because he is a someone
who is active in party politics and a person who holds a position and office in government.
In democratic countries, politicians seek positions within a government through elections or
appointment.
3. Nicolo Machiavelli was a politician and at the same time a political scientist. He is a
politician because he was appointed by his fellowmen trough election. He worked as a
secretary of the Republic of Florence and as a diplomatic missioner to popes emperors and
kings. And he became a scientist because he wrote two books which is related to politics.

Part II.
Biography

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (born September 11, 1917,

Sarrat, Philippinesdied September 28, 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.) was a Filipino
politician who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled as dictator
under martial law from 1972 until 1981. While his regime started an unprecedented number
of infrastructure projects and monuments (known colloquially as an "edifice complex'" and
at great taxpayer cost), it also became infamous for its corruption, extravagance and
brutality.
Benigno Simen Cojuangco Aquino III (born February 8, 1960) is the 15th
President of the Philippines. He is the son of Benigno Aquino Jr., a former senator and
Marcos critic and Corazon Aquino, a former Philippine president. He was a Senator during

the 14th Congress of the Philippines, and a Representative of the 2nd District of the
province of Tarlac to the 11th, 12th, and 13th Congress of the Philippines (1998-2007).

Family and Academic Preparation

Ferdinand Marcos attended college at the University of the Philippines,

attending the prestigious College of Law. He excelled in both curricular and extracurricular activities, he was a valuable member of the university's swimming team, boxing,
and wrestling. He was also a accomplished and prolific orator, debater, and writer of the
university's newspaper, he also became a member of the ROTC and later an instructor to
the subject. He took the 1939 bar exam and top it with almost a perfect score despite the
fact that he was incarcerated during the time he was reviewing. In 1939, while incarcerated,
Ferdinand Marcos graduated cum laude. If he had not been put in jail for twenty seven
days, he would have graduated magna cum laude. He was elected to the Pi Gamma Mu
international honor society, and the Phi Kappa Phi international honor society which, 37
years later gave him its Most Distinguished Member Award.
His parents, Josefa Edralin and Mariano Marcos, were both teachers from important
families. In 1925 Mariano Marcos became a congressman, surrounding the young
Ferdinand in a political atmosphere at an early age. Mariano also had a strong influence on
what was to become Ferdinand's competitive, win-at-all-costs nature. Mariano and Josefa
pushed Ferdinand to excel at everything, not only his studies at school, but also at activities
such as wrestling, boxing, hunting, survival skills, and marks-manship (skill with a gun or
rifle). In college, Marcos's main interest was the .22-caliber college pistol team.
Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III is the third of the of five children of Benigno
Aquino, Jr., who was then Vice Governor of Tarlac province, and Corazon Aquino. He has
three sisters, Maria Elena ("Ballsy"), Aurora Corazon ("Pinky"), Victoria Eliza ("Viel"), and
Kristina Bernadette ("Kris"). Aquino studied in Ateneo de Manila University for his
elementary, high school, and college education, graduating in 1981 with a Bachelor of Arts
degree in Economics. After college, he joined his family in Boston in exile.

Political Party Affiliation

Marcos was a former member of Liberal Party which is also the current
party list where Aquino belong. Marcos later chose to follow a different path by joining the
Nacionalistas because Diosdado Macapagal broke its promise (that he will gave way to
Marcos nomination for presidency) thats why Ferdinand joined the other part list.

Contribution given to the welfare of the Filipinos

Marcos first term was marked with increased industrialization and the
creation of solid infrastructure nationwide, such as the North Luzon Expressway and the
Maharlika Highway. Marcos did this by appointing a cabinet composed mostly of
technocrats and intellectuals, by increasing funding to the Armed Forces, and mobilizing
them to help in construction. Marcos also established schools and learning institutions
nationwide, more than the combined total of those established by his predecessors. While
on the other hand, Aquino worked and focused in the DBM to provide support and
assistance to Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) . The Aquino Administration recognizes
the need to provide our OFWs with sufficient social welfare assistance and protection,
especially to those who are susceptible to abuse and exploitation. The deployment of social
welfare ambassadors will go a long way in safeguarding the well-being of our workers
abroad and giving them immediate aid, even if theyre thousands of miles away from
home.

Involvement in any critical and controversial issues

Marcos Ill-gotten wealth ; a sizable amount of government money went to

Marcos family and friends in the form of loans. Widespread corruption in the government
and abuse of authority and power primarily seen on the declaration of Martial Law cause a
decrease in freedom and democracy during the second term of Ferdinand Marcos
administration. Peace and order had become the primary problem with the founding of NPA
and the MNLF, Plus the outrage of people because of the assassination of Benigno Aquino
Jr. Unemployment is also a great problem due to the countrys weakened economy. And as
for Noynoy Aquino, the Manila hostage crisis considered his most controversial issue
because it was the administrations first major debacle that came just two months into
Aquino's presidency. In August 2010, eight Hong Kong tourists were killed by a disgruntled
former police officer Rolando Mendoza, after a bungled rescue attempt supervised by
Aquino himself. The incident also strained ties between the Philippines and Hong Kong.

Proven track record of performance in addressing issue such as:

-

Poverty

During the time of Marcos, poverty incidence in the Philippines rose from 41
percent in 1965 to 58.9 percent in 1985. This can be attributed to lower real agricultural
wages and lesser real wages for unskilled and skilled laborers. Real agricultural wages fell
about 25 percent from their 1962 level, while real wages for unskilled and skilled laborers
decreased by about one-third of their 1962 level. It was observed that higher labor force

participation and higher incomes of the rich helped cushion the blow of the mentioned
problems.
PNoys campaign and policies were built on a series of anti-poverty
programs which he branded in what is by now a clich and the object of fierce debate and
criticism: Daang Matuwid, or the Straight Path. Indeed, one of his campaign memes was:
Kung walang korap, walang mahirap (that is, If there is no corruption, there is no
poverty.) Substantial government resources were indeed committed to fighting corruption,
although some might argue that this was often selective and tended to spare administration
allies equally guilty of excess. One could also argue that fighting corruption is not in itself a
meaningful anti-poverty strategy. Still, the amount of investment in social service
expenditure by the Aquino administration remains unmatched by previous administrations.
-

Employment Problem

Despite the efforts of the Marcos administration to pump-prime the economy to

increase income and encourage spending, unemployment and underemployment was still
their big problem. The unemployment rate rose from 5.2 to 5.9 percent from 19781983,
while underemployment was a problem, the latter tripling, in the same time period, from
10.2 to 29.0 percent. Concurrently, the labor force of the Philippines grew at an average
4.47 percent in 1970-1983. This can be attributed to an increasing number of women
seeking work in the market. While during the time of PNoy, Philippines saw growth,
increasing corporate profits, investor confidence and international media hype. But theres
still less new jobs created, joblessness remains high, and the quality of work has worsened.

National Security

National security was certainly needed according to Marcos during his

presidency/time because of the growing crime rate that is why he declared martial law on
September 21, 1972. Congress was dissolved, opposition leaders arrested, and strict
censorship imposed. A new constitution was promulgated in January 1973, but transitional
provisions attached to it gave Marcos continued absolute power, and elections were
indefinitely postponed. Marcos ruled by decree. While during the Aquino administration
there is a low crime rate thats why the security agenda has been focused on strengthening
the police and military through the acquisition of better equipment and weapons as well as
additional personnel.

Foreign Relation

The Marcos administration established good relations with world leaders, therefore
bringing the Philippines image to higher grounds. Foreign relations brought foreign
investments in and made the economy boom. Because of the developments (economically,
industrially, and infrastructures) Marcos accomplished; there was a massive increase in
tourism rates. During this time, the ratio of the peso to a dollar is 1:1. However, the
economy declined during his second term and the prices of the market increased. While
compare to Aquino presidency, his administration doesnt appear to have a good relation to
other country especially when the issue about the West Philippine Sea rose.
Ferdinand Marcos
Strengths
Diplomacy

Good Leader

Weaknesses

Benigno Aquino III

Strengths

Weaknesses

He didnt use his Since he was a son Diplomacy

knowledge in politics of both politician, it
to help the country .
is good that he has a
background
about
working
in
the
government.
Power

Dedicated

Educational
Background

After reading some information about Marcos and Aquino I could say that I learned
something about their leadership. And as future leader of the next generation, I will be a
dedicated and hopeful leader to my fellowmen like the two President. I will do my duties
and responsibilities and make sure that everyone will receive the proper care, protection,
and rights theyre needed. And most of all I will not going to repeat their mistakes, but
instead I will learn from it and apply it if ever Ill serve the country in the future.
I can say that both president are (somehow) worthy of emulation even though they
made a lot of mistakes during their administration. Because the two president shows
different type of leadership which will help the future servant understand what are the
things they should do and the things they shouldnt. They are also dedicated and hopeful to
their fellowmen which is a good part of them that we should be inspired.