CHEM 139: General Chemistry Prep

Homework 6 (Thursday February 18):

Chapter 8: 5, 11, 19, 21, 23, 33, 35, 39, 41, 45, 65, 69, 79, 81, 99.
Chapter 6: 13, 23, 29, 33, 35, 37, 43, 49, 51, 59.

Chapter 8:
5.

a. 125 C atoms 12.01 amu/1 C atom = 1.50 103 amu

b. 5 106 K atoms 39.10 amu/1 K atom = 1.955 108 amu = 2 108 amu
c. 1.04 1022 Li atoms 6.941 amu/1 Li atom = 7.22 1022 amu
d. 1 Mg atom 24.31 amu/1 Mg atom = 24.31 amu
e. 3.011 1023 I atoms 126.9 amu/1 I atom = 3.821 1025 amu

11.

molar masses: Na, 22.99 g; K, 39.10 g

11.50 g Na 1 mol Na/22.99 g = 0.5002 mol Na
0.5002 mol Na 6.033 1023/1 mol Na = 3.012 1023 atoms
0.5002 mol K 39.10 g/1 mol K = 19.56 g K

19.

a. 4.95 g Ne 1 mol/20.18 g = 0.245 mol Ne

b. 72.5 g Ni 1 mol/58.69 g = 1.24 mol Ni
c. 115 mg Ag 1 g/1000 mg 1 mol/107.9 g = 1.07 103 mol Ag
d. 6.22g U 1 g/106 g 1 mol/238.0 g = 2.61 108 mol U
e. 135 g I 1 mol/126.9 g = 1.06 mol I

21.

a. 0.251 mol Li 6.941 g Li/1 mol Li = 1.74 g Li

b. 1.51 mol Al 26.98 g Al/1 mol Al = 40.7 g Al
c. 8.75 102 mol Pb 207.2 g Pb/1 mol Pb = 18.1 g Pb
d. 125 mol Cr 52.00 g Cr/1 mol Cr = 6.50 103 g Cr
e. 4.25 103 mol Fe 55.85 g Fe/1 mol = 2.37 105 g Fe
f. 0.000105 mol Mg 24.31 g Mg/1 mol Mg = 2.55 103 g Mg

23.

a. 1.50 g Ag (6.022 1023 Ag atoms/107.9 g Ag) = 8.37 1021 Ag atoms

b. 0.0015 mol Cu (6.022 1023 Cu atoms/1 mol) = 9.0 1020 Cu atoms
c. 0.0015 g Cu (6.022 1023 Cu atoms/63.55 g Cu) = 1.4 1019 Cu atoms
d. 2.00 kg = 2.00 103 g
2.00 103 g Mg (6.022 1023 Mg atoms/24.31 g Mg) = 4.95 1025 Mg atoms
e. 1.000 oz = 28.35 g
2.34 oz 28.35 g/1.000 oz (6.022 1023 Ca atoms/40.08 g Ca) = 9.97 1023 Ca
atoms
f. 2.34 g Ca (6.022 1023 Ca atoms/40.08 g Ca) = 3.52 1022 Ca atoms
g. 2.34 mol Ca (6.022 1023 Ca atoms/1 mol Ca) = 1.41 1024 Ca atoms

33.

a. molar mass MgCl2 = 95.21 g

41.5 g 1 mol/95.21 g = 0.436 mol
b. molar mass Li2O = 29.88 g; 135 mg = 0.135 g
0.135 g 1 mol/29.88 g = 4.52 103 mol = 4.52 mmol
c. molar mass Cr = 52.00 g; 1.21 kg = 1210 g
1210 g 1 mol/52.00 g = 23.3 mol
d. molar mass H2SO4 = 98.09 g
62.5 g 1 mol/98.09 g = 0.637 mol
e. molar mass C6H6 = 78.11 g
42.7 g 1 mol/78.11 g = 0.547 mol
f. molar mass H2O2 = 34.02 g
135 g 1 mol/34.02 g = 3.97 mol

35.

a. molar mass AlCl3 = 133.3 g

1.25 mol 133.3 g/1 mol = 167 g
b. molar mass NaHCO3 = 84.01 g
3.35 mol 84.01 g/1 mol = 281 g
c. molar mass HBr = 80.91 g
4.25 mmol 80.91 mg/1 mmol = 344 mg = 0.344 g
d. molar mass U = 238.0 g
1.31 103 mol 238.0 g/1 mol = 0.312 g
e. molar mass CO2 = 44.01 g
0.00104 mol 44.01 g/1 mol = 0.0458 g
f. molar mass Fe = 55.85 g
1.49 102 mol Fe 55.85 g/1 mol = 8.32 103 g

39.

a. 4.75 millimol = 0.00475 mol

0.00475 mol (6.022 1023 molecules/1 mol) = 2.86 1021 molecules
b. molar mass of PH3 = 33.99 g
4.75 g (6.022 1023 molecules/33.99 g) = 8.42 1022 molecules
c. molar mass of Pb(C2H3O2)2 = 325.3 g
1.25 102 g (6.022 1023 formula units/325.3 g) = 2.31 1019 formula units
d. 1.25 102 mol (6.022 1023 formula units/1 mol) = 7.53 1021 formula
units
e. If the sample contains a total of 5.40 mol of carbon, then because each benzene
contains six carbons, there must be (5.40/6) = 0.900 mol of benzene present.
0.900 mol (6.022 1023 molecules/1 mol) = 5.42 1023 molecules

41.

a. molar mass of C2H6O = 46.07 g

1.271 g 1 mol/46.07 g = 0.02759 mol C2H6O
0.02759 mol C2H6O 2 mol C/1 mol C2H6O = 0.05518 mol C
b. molar mass of C6H4Cl2 = 147.0 g
3.982 g 1 mol/147.0 g = 0.027088 mol C6H4Cl2
0.027088 mol C6H4Cl2 6 mol C/1 mol C6H4Cl2 = 0.1625 mol C

c. molar mass of C3O2 = 68.03 g

0.4438 g 1 mol/68.03 g = 0.0065236 mol C3O2
0.0065236 mol C3O2 3 mol C/1 mol C3O2 = 0.01957 mol C
d. molar mass of CH2Cl2 = 84.93 g
2.910 g 1 mol/84.93 g = 0.034264 mol CH2Cl2
0.034264 mol CH2Cl2 1 mol C/1 mol CH2Cl2 = 0.03426 mol C
45.

a. mass of H present = 1.008 g = 1.008 g

mass of Cl present = 35.45 g = 35.45 g
mass of O present = 3(16.00 g) = 48.00 g
molar mass of HClO3 = 84.46 g
% H = (1.008 g H/84.46 g) 100 = 1.193 %H
% Cl = (35.45 g Cl/84.46 g) 100 = 41.97 %Cl
% O = (48.00 g O/84.46 g) 100 = 56.83 %O
b. mass of U present = 238.0 g = 238.0 g
mass of F present = 4(19.00 g) = 76.00 g
molar mass of UF4 = 314.0 g
% U = (238.0 g U/314.0 g) 100 = 75.80% U
% F = (76.00 g F/314.0 g) 100 = 24.20% F
c. mass of Ca present = 40.08 g = 40.08 g
mass of H present = 2(1.008 g) = 2.016 g
molar mass of CaH2 = 42.10 g
% Ca = (40.08 g C/42.10 g) 100 = 95.21% Ca
% H = (2.016 g H/42.10 g) 100 = 4.789% H
d. mass of Ag present = 2(107.9 g) = 215.8 g
mass of S present = 32.07 g = 32.07 g
molar mass of Ag2S = 247.9 g
% Ag = (215.8 g Ag/247.9 g) 100 = 87.06% Ag
% S = (32.07 g S/247.9 g) 100 = 12.94% S
e. mass of Na present = 22.99 g = 22.99 g
mass of H present = 1.008 g = 1.008 g
mass of S present = 32.07 g = 32.07 g
mass of O present = 3(16.00 g) = 48.00 g
molar mass of NaHSO3 = 104.07 g
% Na = (22.99 g Na/104.07 g) 100 = 22.09% Na
% H = (1.008 g H/104.07 g) 100 = 0.9686% H
% S = (32.07 g S/104.07 g) 100 = 30.82% S
% O = (48.00 g O/104.07 g) 100 = 46.12% O
f. mass of Mn present = 54.94 g = 54.94 g
mass of O present = 2(16.00 g) = 32.00 g
molar mass of MnO2 = 86.94 g
% Mn = (54.94 g Mn/86.94 g) 100 = 63.19% Mn
% S = (32.00 g O/86.94 g) 100 = 36.81% O

65.

The amount of fluorine that reacted with the aluminum sample must be (3.89 g
1.25 g) = 2.64 g of fluorine
1.25 g Al 1 mol/26.98 g = 0.04633 mol Al
2.64 g F 1 mol/19.00 g = 0.1389 mol F
Dividing each number of moles by the smaller number of moles gives
0.04633 mol Al/0.04633 mol = 1.000 mol Al
0.1389 mol F/0.04633 mol = 2.999 mol F
The empirical formula is just AlF3

69.

Consider 100.0 g of the compound.

33.88 g Cu 1 mol/63.55 g = 0.5331 mol Cu
14.94 g N 1 mol/14.01 g = 1.066 mol N
51.18 g O 1 mol/16.00 g = 3.199 mol O
Dividing each number of moles by the smallest number of moles (0.5331 mol Cu)
gives
0.5331 mol Cu/0.5331 mol = 1.000 mol Cu
1.066 mol N/0.5331 mol = 2.000 mol N
3.199 mol O/0.5331 mol = 6.001 mol O
The empirical formula is CuN2O6 [i.e., Cu(NO3)2].

79.

empirical formula mass of CH2 = 14

n = molar mass/empirical formula mass = 84 g/14 g = 6
molecular formula is (CH2)6 = C6H12.

81.

Consider 100.0 g of the compound.

42.87 g C 1 mol/12.01 g = 3.570 mol C
3.598 g H 1 mol/1.008 g = 3.569 mol H
28.55 g O 1 mol/16.00 g = 1.784 mol O
25.00 g N 1 mol/14.01 g = 1.784 mol N
Dividing each number of moles by the smallest number of moles (1.784 mol O or
N) gives
3.570 mol C/1.784 mol = 2.001 mol C
3.569 mol H/1.784 mol = 2.001 mol H
1.784 mol O/1.784 mol = 1.000 mol O
1.784 mol N/1.784 mol = 1.000 mol N
The empirical formula of the compound is C2H2ON and the empirical formula
mass of C2H2ON = 56.
n = molar mass/empirical formula mass = 168 g/56 g = 3
The molecular formula is (C2H2ON)3 = C6H6O3N3.

99.

a. molar mass of C6H6 = 78.11 g

2.500 g 6.048 g H/78.11 g = 0.1936 g H
b. molar mass of CaH2 = 42.10 g
2.500 g 2.016 g H/42.10 g = 0.1197 g H
c. molar mass of C2H5OH = 46.07 g
2.500 g 6.048 g H/46.07 g = 0.3282 g H

d. molar mass of C3H7O3N = 105.1 g

2.500 g 7.056 g H/105.1 g = 0.1678 g H
Chapter 6:
13.

Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

23.

NH4NO3(s) N2O(g) + H2O(g)

29.

CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CCl4(l) + HCl(g)

33.

SnO2(s) + C(s) Sn(l) + CO(g)

35.

The subscripts in a formula really define what compound is present, since the
subscripts represent in what proportions the elements combine to form the
compound. Changing the subscripts would be changing the identity of the
compound.

37.

a. FeCl3 + KOH Fe(OH)3 + KCl

Balance chlorine: FeCl3 + KOH Fe(OH) 3 + 3KCl
Balance potassium: FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH) 3 + 3KCl
Balanced equation: FeCl3(aq) + 3KOH(aq) Fe(OH) 3(s) + 3KCl(aq)
b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 + KI PbI2 + KC2H3O2
Balance iodine: Pb(C2H3O2)2 + 2KI PbI2 + KC2H3O2
Balance potassium: Pb(C2H3O2)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2 KC2H3O2
Balanced equation: Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KC2H3O2(aq)
c. P4O10 + H2O H3PO4
Balance phosphorus: P4O10 + H2O 4H3PO4
Balance hydrogen: P4O10 + 6H2O 4H3PO4
Balanced equation: P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq)
d. Li2O + H2O LiOH
Balance lithium: Li2O + H2O 2LiOH
Balanced equation: Li2O(s) + H2O(l) 2LiOH(aq)
e. MnO2 + C Mn + CO2
The equation is already balanced.
f. Sb + Cl2 SbCl3
This equation is more difficult to balance than it may appear. The problem arises
in the fact that there are two Cl atoms on the left side of the equation, whereas
there are three Cl atoms on the right side of the equation. To balance the chlorine
atoms, we need to know the smallest whole number into which both 2 and 3
divide. This number is 6: we need to adjust the coefficients of Cl 2 and SbCl3 so
that there will be 6 chlorine atoms on each side
of the equation.
Balance chlorine: Sb + 3Cl2 2SbCl3
Balance antimony: 2Sb + 3Cl2 2SbCl3
Balanced equation: 2Sb(s) + 3Cl2(g) 2SbCl3(s)

g. CH4 + H2O CO + H2
Balance hydrogen: CH4 + H2O CO + 3H2
Balanced equation: CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g) + 3H2(g)
h. FeS + HCl FeCl2 + H2S
Balance chlorine: FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
Balanced equation: FeS(s) + 2HCl(aq) FeCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
43.

a. 4KO2(s) + 6H2O(l) 4KOH(aq) + O2(g) + 4H2O2(aq)

b. Fe2O3(s) + 6HNO3(aq) 2Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
c. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
d. PCl5(l) + 4H2O(l) H3PO4(aq) + 5HCl(g)
e. C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
f. 2CaO(s) + 5C(s) 2CaC2(s) + CO2(g)
g. 2MoS2(s) + 7O2(g) 2MoO3(s) + 4SO2(g)
h. FeCO3(s) + H2CO3(aq) Fe(HCO3)2(aq)

49.

2H2(g) + CO(g) CH3OH(l)

51.

Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)

Fe3O4(s) + 4CO(g) 3Fe(s) + 4CO2(g)

59.

CaSiO3(s) + 6HF(g) CaF2(aq) + SiF4(g) + 3H2O(l)