Unit 3: How Do We Measure Chemical

Reactions if We Can’t See Atoms?

Lesson 1: The Mole : Qualitative vs. Quantitative

- The first trial handed qualitative data as it concentrated on observing

the product of hydrogen and oxygen feasts without measuring their
amounts.
- The alternate trial handed quantitative data as it involved measuring
the volume of hydrogen gas produced using a graduated tube.
- In terms of perfection, both qualitative and quantitative analyses can be
precise depending on the experimental conditions and ways used.
- Still, quantitative analysis is generally considered more precise because
it provides numerical data that can be directly measured and compared.
- Qualitative analysis, on the other hand, relies more on visual
compliances and interpretations, which can be private and less precise.
- Thus, quantitative analysis is preferred when accurate measures are
needed for scientific exploration or artificial operations.
Lesson 2: Calculations Involving the Mole
Molar Mass
In thevideotape, the procedure to calculate molar mass is as follows :
1.Identify the rudiments present in the emulsion.
2.Look up the infinitesimal mass of each element on the periodic table.
3.Multiply the infinitesimal mass of each element by its corresponding number of titles
in the emulsion's formula.
4. Add up the products from step 3 to get the molar mass of the emulsion.

Worksheet:

1. C = 12.01 g/mol
2. N2 = 28.02 g/mol
3. O3 = 48 g/mol
4. CO = 28.01 g/mol
5. H2O = 18.02 g/mol
6. CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
7. NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
8. Al2O3 = 101.96 g/mol
9. H2SO4 = 98.08 g/mol
10. CH3COOH = 60.05 g/mol
11. Na3PO4 = 163.94 g/mol
 12. Ca(NO3)2 = 164.09 g/mol
13. (NH4)2O = 52.1 g/mol
14. Mg(OH)2 = 58.32 g/mol
15. Li2CrO4 = 129.88 g/mol

Converting Between Moles and Mass:

In the videotape, the procedure to convert between intelligencers, mass, and molar mass is
as follows
1. Identify the substance and its formula.
2. Determine whether you're converting from intelligencers to mass, mass to
intelligencers, or molar mass to mass or vice versa.
3. Use the conversion factor applicable for the type of conversion demanded.
4. Set up a conversion factor using the relationship between intelligencers, mass, and
molar mass.
5. Multiply or divide as necessary to complete the conversion.

Worksheet:

What are the molecular weights of the following compounds?

1) NaOH 23 + 16 + 1 = 40.1 grams 2) H3PO4 3 + 31 + 64 = 98.0 grams

3) H2O 2 + 16 = 18.0 grams 4) Mn2Se7663.0 grams

5) MgCl2 95.3 grams 6) (NH4)2SO4 132.1 grams

Solve the following problems:

1) How many moles are in 15 grams of lithium? 15/7 = 2.14 moles

2) How many grams are in 2.4 moles of sulfur? 2.4 x 32 = 76.8 grams

3) How many moles are in 22 grams of argon? 22/40 = 0.55 moles

4) How many grams are in 88.1 moles of magnesium? 88.1 x 24 = 2,114.4 grams

5) How many moles are in 2.3 grams of phosphorus? 2.3/31 = 0.074 moles

6) How many grams are in 11.9 moles of chromium? 11.9 x 52 = 618.8 grams
7) How many moles are in 9.8 grams of calcium? 9.8/40 = 0.25 moles

8) How many grams are in 238 moles of arsenic? 238 x 75 = 17,850 grams

9) How many grams are in 4.5 moles of sodium fluoride, NaF? 4.5 x 42 = 189 grams

10) How many moles are in 98.3 grams of aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3? 98.3/78 = 1.26
moles

11) How many grams are in 0.02 moles of beryllium iodide, BeI2? 0.02 x 263 = 5.26
grams

12) How many moles are in 68 grams of copper (II) hydroxide, Cu(OH)2? 68/99 = 0.69
moles

13) How many grams are in 3.3 moles of potassium sulfide, K2S? 3.3 x 110 = 363.0
grams

14) How many moles are in 1.2 x 103 grams of ammonia, NH3? 1.2 x 103 x 17 = 70.59
moles

15) How many grams are in 2.3 x 10-4 moles of calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO3)2? 2.3x10-4
x 278 = 0.064 grams

16) How many moles are in 3.4 x 10-7 grams of silicon dioxide, SiO2? 3.4x10-7/60 = 6.00
-9
x 10 moles

17) How many grams are in 1.11 moles of manganese sulfate, Mn3(SO4)7? 1.11 x 837 =
929.07 grams

Mass and Number of Entities:

In the video, the procedure to convert between moles and number of particles is as follows:

1. Identify the substance and its formula.

2. Determine whether you are converting from moles to number of particles or vice versa.
3. Use Avogadro's number (6.02 x 1023 particles/mol) as the conversion factor.
4. Set up a conversion factor: 1 mole of the substance = 6.02 x 1023 particles of the
substance.
5. Multiply or divide as necessary to complete the conversion.
Lesson 3: Percentage Composition:
Percentage Composition
In the video, the procedure to calculate percent composition by mass is as follows:
1. Identify the substance and its formula.
2. Determine the mass of each element in the compound.
3. Calculate the mass percentage of each element by dividing its mass by the compound's
total mass and multiplying by 100%.
4. Round to two decimal places.

Worksheet:

1) ammonium sulfite %N 24.1

%H 6.9

%S 27.6

%O 41.3

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2) aluminum acetate % Al 13.2

%C 35.3

%H 4.4

%O 47.1

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3) sodium bromide % Na 22.4

% Br 77.6

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4) copper (II) hydroxide % Cu 65.1

%O 32.8

%H 2.1

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5) magnesium carbonate % Mg 28.8

%C 14.2

% O 56.9
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6) iron (II) phosphate % Fe 46.8
 %P 17.3

%O 35.8

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7) beryllium nitride % Be 49.1

%N 50.9

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8) potassium cyanide %K 60.1

%C 18.4

%N 21.5

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9) manganese (III) nitrate % Mn 22.8

%N 17.4

%O 59.8

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10) lithium phosphide % Li 40.0

%P 60.0

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11) nickel (III) sulphate % Ni 28.9

%S 23.7

% O 47.3
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