Solution Sheet- Chapter 1& 2

CS 1090
Exercises Chapter 1
[A] Which of the following are invalid variable names and why?
BASICSALARY valid
_basic valid
basic-hra invalid
- in variable name
#MEAN group. Invalid # in starting of variable name
422 invalid all numeric characters
population in 2006
invalid space between variable name
over time
invalid space between variable name
mindovermatter valid
FLOAT invalid C keyword
hELLO valid
queue valid
teamsvictory invalid special character in variable name
Plot # 3 invalid special character # in variable name
2015_DDay
invalid beginning with number is not permitted
[B] Point out the errors, if any, in the following C statements:

(a) int = 314.562 * 150 ; variable name not present

(b) name = Ajay ; type of variable not present
(c) varchar = 3 ; type of variable not present
(d) 3.14 * r * r * h = vol_of_cyl ; variable present at right side of expression
(e) k = ( a * b ) ( c + ( 2.5a + b ) ( d + e ) ; syntax error, missing operator
(f) m_inst = rate of interest * amount in rs ;

variable names not according to convention

(g) si = principal * rateofinterest * numberofyears / 100 ; correct

(h) area = 3.14 * r ** 2 ; unknown operator **
(i) volume = 3.14 * r ^ 2 * h ; unknown operator ^
(j) k = ( (a * b ) + c ) ( 2.5 * a + b ) ; syntax error, missing operator
(k) a = b = 3 = 4 ; syntax error, dual assignment
(l) count = count + 1 ; correct
(m) date = '2 Mar 04' ; a character variable can store only one charcter

[F] What would be the output of the following programs:

(a) main( )

{
int i = 2, j = 3, k, l ;
float a, b ;
k=i/j*j;
l=j/i*i;
a=i/j*j;
b=j/i*i;
printf( "%d %d %f %f", k, l, a, b ) ;
}
0 2

0.0000 2.0000

(b) main( )
{
int a, b ;
a = -3 - - 3 ;
b = -3 - - ( - 3 ) ;
printf ( "a = %d b = %d", a, b ) ;
}

a=0 b=-6
(c) main( )
{
int a = 5, b = 2 ;
int c ;
c=a%b;
printf ( "%d", c ) ;
}

1
(d) main( )
{
printf ( "nn \n\n nn\n" ) ;
printf ( "nn /n/n nn/n" ) ;
}

nn
nn
nn /n/n nn/
(e) main( )
{
int a, b ;
printf ( "Enter values of a and b" ) ;
scanf ( " %d %d ", &a, &b ) ;
printf ( "a = %d b = %d", a, b ) ;
}
Enter values of a and b
23

a=2 b=3

(f) main( )
{
int p, q ;
printf ( "Enter values of p and q" ) ;
scanf ( " %d %d ", &p, &q ) ;
printf ( "p = %d q =%d", p, q ) ;
}
Enter values of p and q
5 10
p=5 q=10
[G] Pick up the correct alternative for each of the following questions:
(a) C language has been developed by
(1) Ken Thompson
(2) Dennis Ritchie
(3) Peter Norton
(4) Martin Richards
(b) C can be used on
(1) Only MS-DOS operating system
(2) Only Linux operating system
(3) Only Windows operating system
(4) All the above
(c) C programs are converted into machine language with the help of
(1) An Editor
(2) A compiler
(3) An operating system
(4) None of the above
(d) The real constant in C can be expressed in which of the following forms
(1) Fractional form only
(2) Exponential form only
(3) ASCII form only
(4) Both fractional and exponential forms
(e) A character variable can at a time store
(1) 1 character
(2) 8 characters
(3) 254 characters
(4) None of the above
(f) The statement char ch = Z would store in ch
(1) The character Z
(2) ASCII value of Z
(3) Z along with the single inverted commas
(4) Both (1) and (2)
(g) Which of the following is NOT a character constant
(1) Thank You
(2) Enter values of P, N, R
(3) 23.56E-03
(4) All the above

(h) The maximum value that an integer constant can have is

(1) -32767
(2) 32767
(3) 1.7014e+38
(4) 1.7014e+38
(i) A C variable cannot start with
(1) An alphabet
(2) A number
(3) A special symbol other than underscore
(4) Both (2) & (3) above
(j) Which of the following statement is wrong
(1) mes = 123.56 ;
(2) con = 'T' * 'A' ;
(3) this = 'T' * 20 ;
(4) 3 + a = b ;
(k) Which of the following shows the correct hierarchy of arithmetic operators in C
(1) **, * or /, + or (2) **, *, /, +, (3) **, /, *, +, (4) / or *, - or +
(l) In b = 6.6 / a + 2 * n; which operation will be performed first?
(1) 6.6 / a
(2) a + 2
(3) 2 * n
(4) Depends upon compiler
(m) Which of the following is allowed in a C Arithmetic instruction
(1) [ ]
(2) { }
(3) ( )
(4) None of the above
(n) Which of the following statements is false
(1) Each new C instruction has to be written on a separate line
(2) Usually all C statements are entered in small case letters
(3) Blank spaces may be inserted between two words in a C statement
(4) Blank spaces cannot be inserted within a variable name
(o) If a is an integer variable, a = 5 / 2 ; will return a value
(1) 2.5
(2) 3
(3) 2
(4) 0
(p) The expression, a = 7 / 22 * ( 3.14 + 2 ) * 3 / 5 ; evaluates to
(1) 8.28
(2) 6.28
(3) 3.14
(4) 0
(q) The expression, a = 30 * 1000 + 2768 ; evaluates to
(1) 32768
(2) -32768
(3) 113040

(4) 0
(r) The expression x = 4 + 2 % - 8 evaluates to
(1) -6
(2) 6
(3) 4
(4) None of the above
(s) Hierarchy decides which operator
(1) is most important
(2) is used first
(3) is fastest
(4) operates on largest numbers
(t) An integer constant in C must have:
(1) At least one digit
(2) At least one decimal point
(3) A comma along with digits
(4) Digits separated by commas
(u) A character variable can never store more than
(1) 32 characters
(2) 8 characters
(3) 254 characters
(4) 1 character
(v) In C a variable cannot contain
(1) Blank spaces
(2) Hyphen
(3) Decimal point
(4) All the above
(w) Which of the following is FALSE in C
(1) Keywords can be used as variable names
(2) Variable names can contain a digit
(3) Variable names do not contain a blank space
(4) Capital letters can be used in variable names
(x) In C, Arithmetic instruction cannot contain
(1) variables
(2) constants
(3) variable names on right side of =
(4) constants on left side of =
(y) Which of the following shows the correct hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C
(1) / + * (2) * - / +
(3) + - / *
(4) * / + (z) What will be the value of d if d is a float after the operation d = 2 / 7.0?
(1) 0
(2) 0.2857
(3) Cannot be determined
(4) None of the above

Exercises Chapter 2

if, if-else, Nested if-elses

[A] What would be the output of the following programs:
(a) main( )
{
int a = 300, b, c ;
if ( a >= 400 )
b = 300 ;
c = 200 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", b, c ) ;
}

b=garbage value, cannot be predicted

c=200
(b) main( )
{
int a = 500, b, c ;
if ( a >= 400 )
b = 300 ;
c = 200 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", b, c ) ;
}

300
200
(c) main( )
{
int x = 10, y = 20 ;
if ( x == y ) ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", x, y ) ;
}

10 20
(d) main( )
{
int x = 3, y = 5 ;
if ( x == 3 )
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
else ;
printf ( "\n%d", y ) ;
}

3 5
(e) main( )
{
int x = 3 ;
float y = 3.0 ;
if ( x == y )
printf ( "\nx and y are equal" ) ;
else

printf ( "\nx and y are not equal" ) ;

}

x and y are equal

(f) main( )
{
int x = 3, y, z ;
y = x = 10 ;
z = x < 10 ;
printf ( "\nx = %d y = %d z = %d", x, y, z ) ;
}

x=10 y=10 z=0

(g) main( )
{
int k = 35 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d %d", k == 35, k = 50, k > 40 ) ;
}

0 50 1
(h) main( )
{
int i = 65 ;
char j = A ;
if ( i == j )
printf ( C is WOW ) ;
else
printf( "C is a headache" ) ;
}

C is WOW
(i) main( )
{
int a = 5, b, c ;
b = a = 15 ;
c = a < 15 ;
printf ( "\na = %d b = %d c = %d", a, b, c ) ;
}

a=15 b=15 c=0

(j) main( )
{
int x = 15 ;
printf ( "\n%d %d %d", x != 15, x = 20, x < 30 ) ;
}

1 20 1

[B] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:

(a) main( )

{
float a = 12.25, b = 12.52 ;
if ( a = b )
printf ( "\na and b are equal" ) ;
}
Need comparison operator == inside if condition
(b) main( )
{
int j = 10, k = 12 ;
if ( k >= j )
{
{
k=j;
j=k;
}
}
}

No Error
(c) main( )
{
if ( 'X' < 'x' )
printf ( "\nascii value of X is smaller than that of x" ) ;
}

No Error
(d) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if ( x >= 2 ) then
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}

then not a valid syntax

(e) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if x >= 2
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}

(condition) missing
(f) main( )
{
int x = 10, y = 15 ;
if ( x % 2 = y % 3 )
printf ( "\nCarpathians" ) ;
}

Missing comparison operator (==)

(g) main( )
{
int x = 30 , y = 40 ;
if ( x == y )
printf( "x is equal to y" ) ;
elseif ( x > y )
printf( "x is greater than y" ) ;
elseif ( x < y )
printf( "x is less than y" ) ;
}

else if must be separate

(h) main( )
{
int x = 10 ;
if ( x >= 2 ) then
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}

Invalid syntax then

(i) main( )
{
int a, b ;
scanf ( "%d %d",a, b ) ;
if ( a > b ) ;
printf ( "This is a game" ) ;
else
printf ( "You have to play it" ) ;
}

invalid ; after if condition

Logical Operators
If a = 10, b = 12, c = 0, find the values of the expressions in the following table:
Expression

Value

a != 6 && b > 5
a == 9 || b < 3
! ( a < 10 )
! ( a > 5 && c )
5 && c != 8 || !c

a != 6 && b > 5 , 1
a == 9 || b < 3 , 0
! ( a < 10 ), 1
! ( a > 5 && c ) , 1
5 && c != 8 || !c , 1

[D] What would be the output of the following programs:

(a) main( )
{
int i = 4, z = 12 ;
if ( i = 5 || z > 50 )
printf ( "\nDean of students affairs" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nDosa" ) ;
}

Dean of students affairs

(b) main( )
{
int i = 4, z = 12 ;
if ( i = 5 && z > 5 )
printf ( "\nLet us C" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nWish C was free !" ) ;
}

Let us C
(c) main( )
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, w, x, y, z ;
w = i || j || k ;
x = i && j && k ;
y = i || j && k ;
z = i && j || k ;
printf ( "\nw = %d x = %d y = %d z = %d", w, x, y, z ) ;
}

w=1 x=0 y=1 z=1

(d) main( )
{
int i = 4, j = -1, k = 0, y, z ;
y = i + 5 && j + 1 || k + 2 ;
z = i + 5 || j + 1 && k + 2 ;
printf ( "\ny = %d z = %d", y, z ) ;
}

y=1 z=1
(e) main( )
{
int i = -3, j = 3 ;
if ( !i + !j * 1 )
printf ( "\nMassaro" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nBennarivo" ) ;
}

Bennarivo

(f) main( )
{
int a = 40 ;
if ( a > 40 && a < 45 )
printf ( "a is greater than 40 and less than 45" ) ;
else
printf ( "%d", a ) ;
}

40
(g) main( )
{
int p = 8, q = 20 ;
if ( p == 5 && q > 5 )
printf ( "\nWhy not C" ) ;
else
printf ( "\nDefinitely C !" ) ;
}

Definitely C!
(h) main( )
{
int i = -1, j = 1, k ,l ;
k = i && j ;
l = i || j ;
printf ( "%d %d", i, j ) ;
}

1 1
(i) main( )
{
int x = 20 , y = 40 , z = 45 ;
if ( x > y && x > z )
printf( "x is big" ) ;
else if ( y > x && y > z )
printf( "y is big" ) ;
else if ( z > x && z > y )
printf( "z is big" ) ;
}

z is big
(j) main( )
{
int i = -1, j = 1, k ,l ;
k = !i && j ;
l = !i || j ;
printf ( "%d %d", i, j ) ;
}

-1 1
(k) main( )
{

int j = 4, k ;
k = !5 && j ;
printf ( "\nk = %d", k ) ;
}

k=0
[E] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:
(a) /* This program
/* is an example of
/* using Logical operators */
main( )
{
int i = 2, j = 5 ;
if ( i == 2 && j == 5 )
printf ( "\nSatisfied at last" ) ;
}

No Error
(b) main( )
{
int code, flag ;
if ( code == 1 & flag == 0 )
printf ( "\nThe eagle has landed" ) ;
}

Uninitialized variable code & flag used

(c) main( )
{
char spy = 'a', password = 'z' ;
if ( spy == 'a' or password == 'z' )
printf ( "\nAll the birds are safe in the nest" ) ;
}

Undeclared identifier or used

(d) main( )
{
int i = 10, j = 20 ;
if ( i = 5 ) && if ( j = 10 )
printf ( "\nHave a nice day" ) ;
}

Syntax error in if statement

(a) main( )
{
int x = 10 , y = 20;
if ( x >= 2 and y <=50 )
printf ( "\n%d", x ) ;
}

Undeclared identifier and used

(b) main( )
{

int a, b ;
if ( a == 1 & b == 0 )
printf ( "\nGod is Great" ) ;
}

Uninitialized local variable 'a' used

(c) main( )
{
int x = 2;
if ( x == 2 && x != 0 ) ;
{
printf ( "\nHi" ) ;
printf( "\nHello" ) ;
}
else
printf( "Bye" ) ;
}

Missing parenthesis
(d) main( )
{
int i = 10, j = 10 ;
if ( i && j == 10)
printf ( "\nHave a nice day" ) ;
}
Have a nice day

Conditional operators
[G] What would be the output of the following programs:
(a) main( )
{
int i = -4, j, num ;
j = ( num < 0 ? 0 : num * num ) ;
printf ( "\n%d", j ) ;
}

Error, uninitialized variable num used

(b) main( )
{
int k, num = 30 ;
k = ( num > 5 ? ( num <= 10 ? 100 : 200 ) : 500 ) ;
printf ( "\n%d", num ) ;
}

30
(c) main( )
{
int j = 4 ;
( !j != 1 ? printf ( "\nWelcome") : printf ( "\nGood Bye") ) ;

Welcome
[H] Point out the errors, if any, in the following programs:
(a) main( )
{
int tag = 0, code = 1 ;
if ( tag == 0 )
( code > 1 ? printf ( "\nHello" ) ? printf ( "\nHi" ) ) ;
else
printf ( "\nHello Hi !!" ) ;
}

Hi
(b) main( )
{
int ji = 65 ;
printf ( "\nji >= 65 ? %d : %c", ji ) ;
}
ji >= 65 ? %d : %c
(c) main( )
{
int i = 10, j ;
i >= 5 ? ( j = 10 ) : ( j = 15 ) ;
printf ( "\n%d %d", i, j ) ;
}

10 10
(d) main( )
{
int a = 5 , b = 6 ;
( a == b ? printf( "%d",a) ) ;
}

Syntax error, missing : before )

(e) main( )
{
int n = 9 ;
( n == 9 ? printf( "You are correct" ) ; : printf( "You are wrong" ) ;) ;
}

Syntax error, ; before:

(f) main( )
{
int kk = 65 ,ll ;
ll = ( kk == 65 : printf ( "\n kk is equal to 65" ) : printf ( "\n kk is not equal to 65" ) ) ;
printf( "%d", ll ) ;
}
Syntax error

(g) main( )
{
int x = 10, y = 20 ;
x == 20 && y != 10 ? printf( "True" ) : printf( "False" ) ;
}

False