Integrating Generalist Looking Forward 19 Practice Test. 20 (MySearchlab Connections 21 ‘chioving the Purpose of Scil Work 7 4 thiley , KK. , O' Melia, MW. od babes, LL. (2013) i uae iat Sits Wate fosbrer = mm ach, (Ated.D , at ne wT Powe‘vba’ working wel tat you would ike toe continue" With tis question, ‘ANIGS nr, family preservation worker sits focus in hor work withthe ‘Alone funy. She caveflly studies the reactions to her quostion on the faces he Tally somibere who tr gathered with her around thei itch table She weads cautlon, apprehension, maybe even aitle ang and yes there is Siding sense of surprise, of utigue wis ber approach, Ass socal worker SE the family preervation program of Northside Fanlly Services, Andrea aso ths bale Prepering to fond of Uo Blame of abuse ot noc fam Hes invlvod withthe progr ar often taken off guard by the careful, non Flgmentel phrasing of her questions. With the query out "what's working rat Andnenrecogelags fay strong and Tooks toward the ture, toward {hinge families can ll do soxnething about In other words, sb sls tho tage {or Snponrring files by focusing on their strengths and promoting thelr ‘ompetanco. ‘Cena's qutstion embodios her view of how fam lies might find tht ele in ths fresno. Tp conta to focus on "What are your probes” eeSEinake sons to Andron, who soos fully aifcalties arising fom the {Rulonge of soar resouroos Father than raputing tm something thatthe fly doing wrong, As rellectd inher quostion, Anton belive that even {ove semiles referred by the Child Protoctive Unit for work wit the fas iy preservation program are actally doing a Tot righ. She regards families 1 doing te best they can with currently avallable resources So, of course TIGRE (overcome tele prosent difeutes, the eboquent question be sae nst can we do to build on your strengths?” rather than "What els is ‘Tong Hor approach prosuses that families have strengths and are caps ‘roof making hangs: prompts them into collaborating with hr as partners in tho change process, Nadset us leamed from experince that diferest families benefit fram ssfovent constellations of rosourcae for optimal farctioning. Some family ‘fost need to understand themeelves and each other better, Others nova {Rformaton sbout ow to cope withthe inevitable, and also the unexpected, ares (hat accu throughout thes Lives Oen, scabod families benefit from anges jous to he supper of interpareonal reltionships til othe fails aud wo senee roves fom within to community. Andre teams with f\- Tate nage eaatwork of tclal serviws,sloctng anong posites rang 1g rom housing asltancs to job tang to eral did eae to child ebuse prevention. ‘Antes alaorecopnras the need to broadon her fecus, to lok beyond tho 2esfined by faces they consider tobe bayond thelr personal contol opk = ‘Rifoona vest peak out fr them a he loves of goverment policy. and Phare allocation. Thy estan need powor and resources to take charge of {Balrown dictions ina world tht has grown complex and confusing ‘Ar'Andres provides opportuatie for the Clezens family members to respon tu hor question, she seunnds horelf thet tis family js unique, She [nie toate to the ways that her elite aro simi ss wells the ways {Sy aeifleent. Asan Asean American woman, Andrea herself is sensitive ‘athe confinement of pesjudgments: The strengths tho Clemens family moms TBacthve to offer and the challenges thy face are paiclar other own site ‘Non Dumoattrting her cultural ompetence, Andres thought examines Ne asaumplinssbo makes about people based on thelr obvis similarities 0 ‘ho will ot ignore thei inevitable dforencos,(ints have tught Andre that individual differences themsslves canbe the koy to solutions Soclal work pratitionersaceap the challenge to enable ‘ach client systam fo access Is own unique capabilities and the resources of its particular contoxt. Andee’ ole inthe professional rlatioship i that ‘ofa partner to empowor families with Uilr own strengths, not to overpower families with her ov considerable practice knowledge and skills. Andres hs Team to depend on oec family sjstam’ special eompatencosto gue her In this empowering process. ‘van though Andron considers the Clemens family as a wholo, she ‘will not neglect her profesional mandate to act inthe best intorest ofthe Clemens children. Ehical considerations and legal obligations compel ‘Andioa to pote the childeen inthis family. However, fly service sociel ‘workers simultaneously focus on the preservation of failed the potoe {Non of children. Andros sees the nends of families and childran as conver: gent. What bones the family wil help the children in their developmen. ‘What benefit the children will contribute to the cohesiveness ofthe family Theorticaly, she sos the whole family sytem as hor lent sud kaos that any change in the family system will eeate changes for individual fly “Andre's work with the Clemens family reinforces her opinion that so cial policy that sis to keep families together is good policy: She always fools bost when implementing a polie Unt reflects a professional philoso phy that so neatly Hts hor own ¥alues. The policy of family pessevation ‘makos sense in Androa's practice oxporince, as well. She has observed the ‘Gauma Tor families andl ebildren when children at risk ate moved frum thelr own homes. Reuniting them, oven efter positive changes occu always Seoms to bo dificult transition. Resesch in the field of child wellre con firms Andgea's prctico observations and londs support for the current po fey of family prosorvation. Andree belloves that Keeping familie together ‘makes good economic sonse, too, Sho suspects that economic considerations trea mejor force motivating the development of pollcee that favor family preservation, "What's working wol tha you'd like to se continae?” A simple question, yot it roflocts Andrea Barry's ampoworment orientation toward soclal work practice. Andres har learned tht even simple quastions can have deamatle boc Simple questions st thetone, bond telationsips, and ead to success ‘elutons “This chapter provides an overvow of social work practic, I describes the tundarlving eles, purpases. and prspectives Wa cant a he opera Ing approach that Andre Bary enol explain what genrait social work ers do, Specialy. this chapter + stcultes the value base and purpose ofthe social work prooston: 1 define generalist social work a am ntgrtin of practic, policy, and snarl plains acl work intervention activist ach ya level of practic Imlro, mesa and macroevel—nd Ue anal work profston: + diferente the multiple functions and rol of generalist social work es at vaio system lovel. The outcome is # foundation on which to build an understanding of social vwork practice froma generale parspectveOne: Soci! Work Pacis Perspectives SOCIAL WORK VALUES AND PURPOSE ‘Anuroa Bare practices in family srvioes—one of many aks of socal work (Z bar prc armas ile choo! social work, medial sora work, probs cece other criminal justice services, mental beat youth services, child ‘lin and bousing and urban development, to name afew. The predorsinant ‘elds ot sca! work prectce, opresanting more than 70 percest of the pros ——— Practice Behavr Example: Recgnize and manage persona values #3 a alow’ Pofesional aus to guide practice ‘ita Thinking eston: Homan diy and wrth and se utioe are the wo coe Tone velvos of te soca work prfeson. In “Roal werkfore, ere ental bolt, medical halt eid - ‘apllar, and aging eevices (NASW, 2005) Et soto practioner, rales of thei partic ‘faba of prectice, share comuon professional bday ‘ind work toward silat purse The National Asocie {op of Soclal Workers (1000s), nis Code of Bthice, do fBaes this unifying purpoe, or mlsion, of ell socal work fs "to enhance tuzan ssa hap meet th base ‘nun sdf al people with oe ioe wemsnpoesuns vouescor” —[EStesnt and ving poroyreamklel To met i nant (r nt wt your personal values? ipa st woe gas pe obs ed fable bos c Ths sil woes bath nies buna fanctoning and sot ears of wll rectus Tasman fe 8 rate coecnment ern all oll wok rao Ax acl canta hey was wth pe Clemens fant att he up "Gaon lr family and prone nis ty hw ano works te nt ad rppoeie eminent tt il ont the Fences bay tte Clans amy Beh of thse acini serrate of unten vals of be oll werk profeaton se lus of human dignity and wor and sol ation hep Peers purpose pon docs tons Human Dignity and Worth ‘ing he intrent human digo and worth ofall people reflects «non YORI awry iow of humeniiné: The Gade of Bihice (NASW. 19908) ‘hye scl vk to tot ells wth ‘tomsad cera, promotes eee ats an thos of vote: Simian thet font statement 08 « ‘ine social work the Intemational Fdecation of Social Workers FSW) seh inoraionl Arvin of Schools of Soil Work (SSW) affirm ‘at buna ght follow fom respac far th inherent digaity and work of aecnnala, Ac such, socil workers ate expected to dofond and uphold the aTeNcaL peyehologal. emotional nd spiritual itegrty and wel-belng of apy {. ewpicting the ight to self-determination-Gocil workers should eagact a promote people's ight to make tei own choices and ‘Sotaton,etospoctiveof thoi values and it cholees provided hi Ales not thveaten he rghts ad logitimate terest of other, 1, romoting the ight to patcipaion-Gocial workars should promote {Hovhl Invotversen and partipaon of pople using ther services fn‘ways that able thom tobe empowred in all xpetaof decisions and clone afetng ther iv 8, Treating each person ata whole—Socal workers shouldbe concarned with the whole person, within th family community, societal and Taluraleavroninents, and shoud sek o recognise all aspects of pers il. CTidentying ad developing strengths Social workers should foes ‘on tho strengths of el indvidsal, groups, and communities and thus ‘romote ther empowerment. UFSW, 2004, Se. 41). Respectful interaction with others affirms thir senso of dignity and worth, Social workers treat people with consideration, respect their uniqueness, “sppreciate the validity of thelr parspctves, ond listen earfelly to what they Have to say Ultimately, according poop dignity and worth alors ther the opportunities and rrourees of om society Social Justice Social justice devas circumstances in which all members ofa society have ‘qual secess to socal resources, opportunities, rights political influence, dene (DuBols & Miley, 2011; Hoaly. K, 200%} Social justice prevails glmember of wet all embers benoit fom the resource ata society offers and, cipro. ME" al acs 19s Sal justin doses {lly have opportunities to contribute to thal soiasy’ pool of resources, sal sours, oppor "the philosophy of social justice i deeply rooted nthe socal work profes- unt, gh olcal son; however, pallial relies end ethical dilemmas confound workers at-infuens, nd nefits tempts to apply the prinlples of cil jstien in pracion, For example, Reisch (oda) describes to problems associated with relating socal justice rine. Plasto the social pliey debates aking place ia today's polite and economic favironment Fist, Resch nots a parse of definig justice principlos based On socio plitral-economte sstom tat forthe most pat parpetuatosinus tice. Additionally, Rech highlghs the tnsion btweon asserting individual Fights aad advancing the common good in allocating rcital esosren. Group fd individual interested not slorays conver. Cleary social workers aca {lemmas in choosing etions in practice at promote & socal justice Idea. ‘The Intomational Federation of Soclal Workars and International Association of Schools of Soil Work (2004) dull ho fabric of social justice 1. Challenging negative disralnation—Soctal workers havea respon lity to challenge negative discrimination on the base of char co-economic stats, poial opinions, skin eslour, aca or hee Dyson craters sexual orientation, repel belle 2, Recognising diversity—Social workers shold recognise and expect the ethic and cultral diversity ofthe societies a which they poe tio, taking account of dividual, amily, group and community irene. 2 Disubutng sours equtably—Socal works should ensre that reouresa thet spol ar drut fly aoanding Yo mod (Challenging unjust policies and prction Socal workers have duty (Using tee tenon of thr explo, policy makers poieans tnd the general publi tuations whore dirbaton ef esotres, pall {its an practice ae oppressive, unicorn +)5. Working in sldarity—Socinl workers have ah eligation to challenge bela codons thet contribute to soclal exclusien,stigatsstion ot Subjugatin, and to work towards an inclusive sooty. (See. 4.2), Social injustic proves when socety infringes om human rights, bos prj dictates toward some of ie members, and eatituonali2s inequality by ‘lscriminting egins! segments of te cteenry. Gezoachmonts on human and ‘dullights dang equal access to opportunitier and resowes, iting fll par Ullputon in sorey, Collectively, the injustices enacted by advantaged groups {ronte condition of iscrimination and oppression for leadvantaged groups ‘Mamba af oppressed groups often personaly experiance dabumaniation and ietimiaton, Socal workaty understand the consequences of injustic and in {arvone to achiowe individual and collective soll and oxonemic justice, Defining Social Work ‘acta work is profession that supports individual, groups, and communt- ties in changing society an creates social conditions favorable tothe wll- Ting of people and socity)Soclal workers sve to cute ardor and enfince tpporaniice for pple i an ncrossingly complax world, The social wotk [protesson erg ts txabers with he responeit o: promoting competent {amen functioning and fashioning a rexpoaeive and just societyTo achieve tho gonls, social workers quire clasr understanding ofthe way things tread poltve view ofthe way things enti be. Socal work pactioners {Gnetune tol vison by inouporsting profesional prspecdives on humas be- vi cultarl divest, sell environments and approaches to change. The International Federation of Socal Worker (2000) daftss social work: (ius social work profession promotes social change, problom solving in Guinan rlatiashipe and the empowerment and Ibrtion of people to tence wel boing) Uilising decries of human behaviow and socal Syatome, oval work intervene tho points where people itaract with ilais environment, Pviselples of umn rights ant socal justice are fandamontl socal wok. (Definition soon, 3) Sinilry, the Council oa Sociel Work Education (CSW, which socrdits un Sergreducte ond graduate rocal work programs, describes the dual purpose Gf the social work profession as promoting the wall-xng of individual and ommanities through the “ques for social and econo jute, tho proven fom of condition that lit human rights tho aliminaan of poverty, end he tmencomonto the quality of ie for al persons (208.1) Framing eclel work's commitment to verpect forthe dignity and worth al people ad the profession's quet for eocial justice, the core values of Shela work also st the standard for what is dosiable a prctice Based on to [National Association of Socal Workers" Code of Btu (1000), the profes ‘ional rues that guide social work practice include: + Servo helping poople and solving social problans 1 Social fusion: challenging injstons {Dignity and worth of the person: respcting inet dignity {iinpertance of human relatonehipe eegnizing he fnpartanco of bolongngess s Tnogy being trustworthy 1 Competenen proctiing competentlyAchieving the Purpose of Social Work Socil work focuses on selesing human power in individuals to rach theis potential and coatibute tothe collctive good of sockety; st emphasize ro Teasing social power to eneat changos in society, socal iettutions and so al policy, which In tura crete oppertuztis for individual (Smalley, 1067). This view conceptualize the purpose of socal workin relation to both ind ‘dual and eollatvg respuees, The trademark ofthe social werk profscion isthissmultansous focus on persons and thir impinging socal and physical ‘Cro this ond, practitioners work with people in ways that strengthmn their seave of competenes link thom with needed resources, and promote organi Zational and lstitational change to thatthe structures of sotiely respond to SAdditonaly, socal work. tho neods of all societal members (NASW, 1983) fs engage in resnrch to contetbue to socal work theory and evaluate prac tice methods. To achieve these purposes, socal workers engage ina variety of Firs, socal work practitLonersongago with clionts to assess challonges, in gocil functioning, process information in ways that enhance their ability to discover eolitions, develop sis o resolve problemi living and ert suppor for change ‘Second, aocil worker link people with resources end services, a vital strategy in amy ebange elfor. Moto than simply connecting poop with sr ‘ioe, workers edvocte optimal banaits, dave networks of communication {mong organizations In the social service delivery network and establish a ‘Gus to reuouroes, When necessary resources donot exist, practitioners gener ‘Se new opportanitie, programs, and services. “Thind the NASW chanjosprctioners to work toward a humane and ade- une scil servos delivery sysem. To accompli his, soil workrs champion {fo planning of petinaat programs by advocating cen-emterednes, coon ‘ion estivaags, and efficiency in the delivery of sevens. Importantly thoy "Mnagthen Une of eocountabty and oni the applieaon of profesional sas ‘Seda ths, and wales in sovicn delivery. Fourth, social workers participate in social policy davelopment. n the zona of social polly. workars analyze social problems fr policy amifice tions, develop aew policies, and rete those that ere no longer productive, "They also translate statutes, polices, and regulations into responsive programs thi srvoas thet mert individual and olletive moods Filly. praesioners engag in research to furtbor the knowledge and sl bse of socal wotk Effective and ethical social work depends om proto hors using resurch-bated theory and methods as well as conteibuting to tbe “Knowledge bess ofthe profession through thee own research and evaluation GENERALIST SOCIAL WORK Generalist socal work provides an integrated and multleveled approach for toweting the purposes of sora work. Ceneralistprotionarsackaowledg the interplay of personal and collective isues, prompting thom to work wth & ‘arity of human systems societies, commutes, neighborhoods, complex ‘rgnizations, foal group, familie, and individuals create chang thatsnaxlaiza human system functioning. This moan that ge talitsocil rorkor work diecly with eliont systems at ti lvele, connec elients to available sources, intervene Practice Behar Example: Understand that pay aftects src delivery a ‘Stel engage policy pracce ‘rth organizations to enhance the responsiveness of orcs systems, advocste just socal polices to ensure the ‘qultable distribution of rxources, and research all aspects ‘of scinl work practice. ce eo Gener Tin grori proach scl wak pan et on reat ining eo: eros uc maa priest. human telly rer praca nthe cov! pina tnd oe soci and pica einen. Sond Sree wat a a HEY” Sandon thi nkage among puso tenn ets ners actin? pporteniis for enhancing the fantioning of ny human Syotom include changing the sytem tel, mod¥ing isn Terctions withthe envionment, and altering ober systems ‘within ts environment. Generalist practitioners implement multlevel ass “ats and maltimetiod interventions in response to these possbla avenue for change. Third, work wit any level of human systam-—trom individual to society~-uses smllar social ork procarses, Socal work intarention with tl hua ayes requires an exchange of information trough somo form of ‘ialogu,« process of discovery to locate retources for change, and a phase ‘ot development to sccomplish the purposes ofthe work. Fnaly, generalist prcttoners have responsibilities beyond direct practice to work toward [ust feel policie ar well a to conduct and apply essarch. Levels of Intervention in Generalist Practice ‘Generalist social workers look at issues in context and find solutions within the interactions between people and their environments. The generalist tpprosch moves Beyond the confines of individually focused practice to tho ‘expansive sphere of intervention at mltpl system lvls In gonealist socal ‘work the nature of presenting situations, the particule systems involved, and potential solitons shape iterventions, rather than 3 socal worker's adher- cet. particular method “The view of generalist racial work e like the view Uhrough 2 wide-angle Jens of camera’ takes in the whole, even when focusing on an individeal pst Woskors asso people in the backdrop of ther settings, and interven Tron unfold with an eye to outcomes at all sytem loels Visualize potent ‘cons an agent for changa on a continum ranging fom rico meaz0- to tnacrolevelltervontons, small syrtome to lange tome, including the sy tes of the socal work profession fuel (Figure 1) Generalist socal works ‘ow probloms in context, combine practice echniques oft the station, and immplomeat skis to ltervane at multiple eyter love. ‘Working with Microlevel Systems Microlovel intervention focuses on work with peopa individually, n amt Tes or in small groupe to foster changes within personal fnetioning n soca reltionsipe, aud inthe ways peopl interact with social and insttttonal Tesource, Social workers draw on the kaowledge and wis of clinical prac tic, including strategies such ag criss intervention, family therapy, ink ge aod ele and the use of group procts. For Iesiance, mths chapter's Fntrodactory example, Andrea Barry could work withMr and Mrs. Clemens to iprove thee parenting ile or refer them to 8 paren ipport prow 8er trvetone nid Far Merz tenes Organizations and Forma Groups Soc Work son aren Social Wk Proesion Uuul Sym Loves fr Sci Wor Intervention ‘Although microlovel interventions crete changes in individual, fii, =. and atorpersonal Fnctinlng, sci workers do not nscosserily direc all heir Stare at changing individu theaielves. Often, workers target changes sn ‘ther system including changes Inthe socal and pysieal environments 0 ‘aetna improvemeat in an individual's fal’ socal functioning, These fesiviig involve work with jetoms at ther levels ‘Working with Mezzolevel Systems ‘Morrolevel intervention cents changes in tsk groups, teams, organizations Mane otwork of service delivery. In other words, te locus for change Is ‘Wikia onganfantions and fora group, including tl structres, goals, oF Tuscon For exemple, if, n working wit the Clemons children, Androa cane thelr embarrassment af receiving lunch aubsdos because the shoo! Sjlealy sgroatos the “fee lunch” students from tho “full pay” students Eth cafotetincahe can bolp them and other famlies who report similar ‘Bacar by working direly on the soa’ polly. Andreas work with tbe ‘tho! to addres this demeaning an discriminatory practice represents & canes oval ntrventon. Eecting change In organizations requlrs an under eed of group dynamics skis in feiiting decision making nds pro- fuloncy in crgatzationel planaing. Working with eponcy structures and the > cd weviem ‘Working with Macrolevel Systems Macrolevel intervention addressee socisl probloms in comanunity, ltt serrate societal aystoms. At this level, ganealist practitioners work to — - He a rerange tvaugh neighborhood organizing, community plan Goneraist socal workers IRE ocality dovelopment, public ection, poliey development, and social rene werk’ testimony at lgiltive bearing fects « macrolavel stra weyto cuppetscomprobessive national family wolfe policy. Working with ‘Slakvorhood groupe to labby for increased city spending on police protec: anaes a ape ark asntenanco is another example of « macrolevel betwen people andthe te re Boca poly formulation and community development lad to envionment rmecroaytom change text ond fin outions| | ‘art One Socal Wok ratio Perspectives ‘Working with the Social Work Profession ally, generalist practitioners addeasisbues within th sytem ofthe social ‘work profession iol. Thao activites project» profesional identity, deine rofsstonal relationships with social work and interisciplinary colleeguss Feorent plone within the socal work profession : reorganize the system ‘of service dlivry Fr instance, by supporting scl work leanne and the Tegal ogulation of practice, practitonars uae ther colsctve inluence toon sure the competence of thoes peteons who become social workers Standard ating and apcontabity call or sckl worker to be actively involved in the tystom ofthe socal work profession. Policy and Generalist Practice Social policy dotormines how a society distributes i rsourcos among te rombers to promote well-being Social policies direct tho delivery of helth tnd human serves, including tontl eal, criminal stench ele, health and rehabttion, housing, and puesta, Socal workers prose for fair and responsive socal policies thet benefit ll persons and advocate ‘hangos in police aflscting disenfranchised and oppnsed groupe whose dig ‘ly has botn dials by injustice, Social welfaro policies affect all facets of socal work practice (Schorr, 1995}. First value based polices implicitly guide how we orient social work «sto the profession the ways wo educate workers for fraction andthe cholons ‘we make lo define tho dimensions of pretieaivites, Second, policy shapes ‘Dureaucacy and the structure of agency practices culture tat ultimately datos who gots services and what sorvcos they ge. And inal, in thet ‘wn practice activities, socal workers unavoidably ence policy hg by ‘toning to or overlooking constantly changing social relies To thie Ut, ‘Specht (1989) add other major policy decisions that aie in the sociopoit ‘ell conten of socal work prection. Thess plicy choise determine eligibility quirements, the aay of programs and servlets ofee, the structure o the Social sorvic delivery syst, nancing for health «ad hus service, the form and substance of educating socal work practitioners, and the regulation of vcil work sess “To understand the impsct of social policies on sil work practice, con sider how policy affcte al aspects of Andrea Bary’ yactice i amily prose ‘ation. Social policies, famed a the lgiltivelovel ithe amendment othe Socal Soourity Act and implosnented tough sae eda procedures define tho goals and process that Andra implement in family presoration ‘Ageney-lovel polly to design programe snd savicescnsiten with empow: fing principio and astrenghs perspective futher eines Andou spproch to working with families. As profesional socal works, Andra die prac tice with familias falls within the polly guidelines etnbished by tha NASW standards for child protection. Policy clea at many levelsfoera, state Sgn, and workar—Infuance the day to-day practi oscil work Research in Generalist Practice Research is a method of systometic investigation or experimentation, ther sults of which can entick theory and refine practice eppications, When ci Sts ae intgrally Involved in designing and implemerting research, veoerchsr: Ih sock work resin today acs a conus ing snd iacutate publ mage, an nage Pept y the portrayal of sca werk he hela (Freeman & Valet, 2004 Zags, a, 2006) Te adress this ance abot age, Soci wer potesonals may nod to ok iar {he ttreaton fhe soil work protein ino ‘wo mitualyecuve divers, one oct oh lincally based (micro) paces, and teeter, paly-oreted mcr prctie,tes the e- thal otc mage af saa wr Denisa, eal 2007; ess, ea, 2006, On, 2007; Reh & osren, 2004; Spach & Cute, 199). Social workers debate questions that rece the reton 1 alenotony nscial work actin. Should sal tats empnaibeeinial work orp practice Doe foclitatingndvdua datation mean su ‘ombing to sol use? Do the tngrange 0 tions of acrpactie ares the Iara needs (fseil work hens? Are soil wa salon est founda the mirleve or mcr? The pat ener decades sow sal wok en lng more toward lial than pia practice, landing Karger an Hernander (2008 to suggest that he posi has sbandone es engagement inp dacouse, seca eommertary,pltal {hd sell activa, and nalts 9 rest, Sosa worers foe itl nee onthe peeing issues of te yp. 51, preulary wih respect to plicy cones about scl sti. Searng (2008) chars sca wero ream eal Tradion. he errs that the atest of lent’ neds" shoud pt only be ren by the aby cf resources should also Be ene wih te ‘eduction f inequality and sca juste" 4). Furthermore, "ite want te profession of social ‘ical ant espoused poston spss, hen we ted otto stops to ensure that te way we ame sa concept ix practic i congruent wth, ‘frre, ste pic ple™ Hanns, sta, 2001, p 1. > gna, powerment method tages he micas st win te soc work tes, I ranas soci wot pacts tomeet the soil tie mandate tame te folovng pies. + The unifying pup i Scie wrk to entarce human welling edt pronate a mutually neal interaction ser inva and soci gated view of pene in hee 2 he Bhyscal and sell ender + Social workars practice a te tastion fp ‘te teoubler ane publ ate + Soctl wares wor wth le compa rete supers and resources, eae responsive sci ora fg Dey, endo expand th {hat provide opti + Social workers have » parti ‘eck sic eonrct beta ‘eck pata fr ee a ‘feenranchee, : : 3 & evelopment, access to sel Be ‘personal and cries! oie Bao 2005 nae processes themselves empower cont, Resasch informs socil work prac [cei never! ways It contributes tothe thoortial ve for understanding ‘una bebaviraad change. Further, reaarch io tool for desigalng interven ton strategin, nonsring intervention effectiveness and evaluating pretcn Rovonrch fs esenial for program develop tend policy anslysie: Aware af {he integral elation toon theory and practice, generalist soil workars toe sasarl:-aeed knowledge to ippont proses atvites and diectly con duct thle own research and analyte The prose fr evidanco-basod practicecma of hat alt _pensonal ppecties oe ei fnepar ‘mor than om ie solton fer avon prio, Spector stots tothe importance ofthe research-practice connection. The goal of tvidenco-besed rasoarch i to identify effective intervention strategies and ‘bust progam models, Based on rigorous cont outcome studies, best prac ‘onsen emerging in ll olds of total work practice. ‘Reoonrch enhances social work effctivences, a strated in the ample ‘of Andrea Bary’ work with lout n family preservation, Her coursewar on Smpowerneat tose practic, crise abot fail, andthe dynamics of child {be and neloctall information rote in decades o socal work sore {forms Andre ech in she ntrecte with her clients Ades rogulary real profesional urna expecially Social Work Child Welfere, The Journal of Bic Und CuldaralDiverlty In Sociol Work, The Jornal of Ividence-Basod Practice, tnd Families ia Solty, to keep up with bat practice within the fla of child ‘rol. She also usos evaluation and research tochniquss to monitor ber lens progres toward gal and to asco her wn practic efistlvencs.Adaitonall ‘re’ work presents opportunities to ad othe kxowlodgo bas of he pros ‘Son ashe end othe emily preservation workers early document the reults S's new intervention progr pled by her agency, Roach supports practice, ‘td practitioners cod search, Advantages of a Multifaceted Approach ‘octal workers realize many advantages from thelzgonoralist practice ap. protch, Inovitably, changes la oua system ripple through athe intarelated Fystons aswell ther words, sigaifcant improvement ina clon or av onmontal system might precipitate other bonafical shang. A single policy ‘Shage may have farsoaching benefits for an entire gocoty. Research den ‘onstrting effective change strogies in one situation may lead to broader Implomostations to assist sthers in similar etustione, Bocas of their mult dlimensional perspective, generalist practitioners ar Ikly to uncover more than one posible solution for any given problom ‘Generalist socal workas oe many pone ange Eom which o approach any seluton They snalye the many ditessous of any cbllenging station to dix ‘ner ny points for ebang. They alo aig th motions apd elit of cont ‘Stems with ystems in er envonments,eynchronising the moverneats fall involved tacheve the desied ot tne, Cael eoxil work is 8 ‘ray of thinking about both prablans ferbor away of working with ints avait of ton loves SOCIAL WORK FUNCTIONS AND ROLES _ GGonoralits work with systoms at many loves, but what doos that chully sean in their daily pone tice of social work? Aw a faily preservation worker, Andrea Bart)intorvones drely with individuals and families. She provides thom with et teation, counseling and linkage fo needed community rosonrose activites tsocioted with cles at tha merolave. Yet Andrei work encompassne more finn inerolevel intervention. In her position, Andre identifies aps in thes ‘al service dalivary network when rocourcs faite neod are not sealable. ‘Asa eau, he works with other profesional in child welfare to addres so Sal service delivery fanues a morznleve ntorvention. Sho and her interdis- ‘iplinay colleagues are developing a community education plan to promote tifoctive parenting —a mrolovelsteategy- Flaaly, Andrea systematically traluatos tho effectiveness of her work and Laepe seat of child welfare pol icy Initiatives. fn doing so. Andcea demonatrates the integration of revatch, policy, end maltlevl intervention that charecteriee generalist social wor practice Activities of gonorlit socal work practos fll broadly into theo rlated functions conaulancy, seeoutea management, and eAeation (Dallois & Miley 2011; Tray & DuBls, 1987), Within each funcsion are associated roles that ex iat the nur ofthe interaction between lint and socal workers at vr. ‘ou system levels, Thoso roles define responsbiiies for both ellen ystom {nd practitioner: Interventions designed within thls model cover the range Gf lssues preontd to generale socal workers by cents at al ftom level tx <. Consultancy Through consultancy, social workers aoek to find slutons {or challenges in socal Functioning with individual, fam\- lies, groupe, organizations, and communities. Within tho roles of the consultancy function of socal work, woxkors find clients confer and dellbeat together to develop plans for change. Practitioners and cliente share their expert with one another for the purpose of resolving personal, Family, organizational, and votetal problems, Consultancy fscknoviedges that boil socal workers and cont systems tring information and reroute, actual and potent, th sre vital for rsolving the issue a hand. ‘Ars collaborative procers, consultancy draws on the ‘knowledge, vals, nd skills of socal workas and elonts toclriy osu, recognize strengths, discuss options, and Practice Behavior ample: Ute conceptual framewors to ui to processes of sess ‘Gc Thnking aun: Soil wrk role tine and int sts. How do these ci work oles and wth function tf coneitony renee manager, and tiesto guide teroceses of esesmen, itera, nd eatin at th varios Tony potential courses of action, As consultants social ‘workers exipower clients by respecting thir competence, Utawing om thetr stom, aad working with them collaboratively to discover Solutions These consultancy aclvites cat worker Into th cles of enabler facilitator planter, ad colleggu Table 1.) Enabler Role ‘Av enablers, socal workers engage individuals, file, end small groupe in ‘ouneling prorasos. An enablar encourages action by engaging in 2 helping felationsip framing solutions, and working for constractive and sustal- “he cuange nother words, enablers ae change agent who "uso varying ap pouches in order to provide the conditions necessary for elionts to achiove thoteparpoves meet life challenge, angage in thelr natura ie development prow, ad cary out tel take” (Malecio, 108), p. 19). Ia tbe context of frork with groups, social workers enble sspportive interactions among groupTable. Consultancy Roles ve Role ‘suategy Were enabler “Empower cers nding solations Mews Faclitator Feuer gniairl deviopent acre Plane Ceurdinatapogen ad poly development though research an planing Soca Vek Colleagueonitr Mont, gid, an spot rofessonal Protesion seul Pye yaa Dubna mrs aoe members t facilitate problem solving. Ax enables, practitioners consult with {ndvidual and ful client eyetome to improve sodal functioning by moi {ng behaviors, relationship patterns, and socal and physical environments Facilitator Role > Feclitatoreecivat the participation of organizational mambors in change tfforts, By faclitating group procerte, social workers encourage compan {roup Runctioning stilate intragroup support, serve group interaction, ‘tor constructive feedback, and share information abou group dynamics. As facilitator, socal workers enhance Kinkagor within organizations end help them counteract apethy and disarpontzation. In this vol, practitioners may von target their own agency settings to increase the cooperation of tall and Shure tho electivenea of saclal sarice delivery. Planner Role ‘As social planner, socal workers understand community needs, recognize ‘ups and Drier in oevie delivery, and can facies proces for comm {Sted or soll change. Techniques to understand social peoblams and dovelop Innovative solutions atthe macrolevel include noedsassossments, service inventories, community profes, community inventories, envionmontal san snd fd sneerch to understand social problems and develop sanovellve sal tio tthe macrloval. As planer, ecial workers olen paricipato in comm ty ongnivngeffors to ecommend change ; Colleague and Monitor Roles Through thir ollaague and monitor roles, sola workers uphold expocations forthe ethical conduct of members ofthis profesrion. Consltatve relation ‘hips among soci work practitioners lod 0 sound practice and profesional ‘development. As collegues, social workers develop working partnerships ‘with othr practittonore through theis participation ih professional organize Hons such asthe NASW aad its local membership groups, and throug their ‘veryday contacts with other profesionls, The Code of Bthics (NASW, 109%) Spectically casts sociel workers as monitors, charging them to review the Devon! avo of pos oer uaity sa mana profsResource Management Inthe resource management function, socal workrs stimulato exchanges with | Rous are sours of sources that clint systems already uae to tome extent, acces avallale ror power and provide the Sources that cliont systems ae not ulng, and develop resources tha are 1 opr jrchang Currently available, Resources are souress of power end provide the impetus for change stay system love Resources ae fond within individuals, in ela tionships, and in sola institutions ‘Resources are not gifts bestowed by social worker. Instead, both social workers aid clionts play active roles im managing resources. lions, ar Turco managers, take ection to explore existing opportunites, activate don ‘ant supports, and aor their rights o services. Social workers bring the resources of profesional practice™the value imperative of equltale access to societal resources, the broad kaowledgo of te evllallity of resources tid ropernire of skills to aceess and develop resourees Resource man fgemont is empowering when it increase the client systom’s own resource folness theough coordinating, eystematizing, and intogrting rather then {hrough coatrelling or directing. Social workers as resourea manager ne ti in the ols of broker, advocate, convener, modito, activist and catalyst (rable 1.2, Broker and Advocate Roles The professional mandate of the socal work profession to help people obtain ‘esoroe, lps the foundstion forte roles of broker and advocats. As brokas foclal workers lnk clients with evallabl resources by providing information| thout resource options and making appropriate referrals. Competent brokers toes situations, provide clients with choices among altnative resourcen feiitate clint canoctions with referral agencies, an follow upto evaluate thal fot, ‘As advocates, social workers act as intermediaries batwoon client and other systems fo protect clieas' ight. Frequently, advocate function Spokesperson for clients in the bureaticratic maze of governmental struc ftves, Advocate intervena with social service delivery systems or policy bnakeve ou behalf of ellen, Cieumetancesoflen press socal worker Ta take ta edvocacy roles Because the right of socal servic clients havo aen boon sndged, SSELy teous eee ae Seo cont Sorta onan svc ug reyConvener and Mediator Roles ~ Social workers offen serve as conveners and mediators with formal groups ‘and organizations to coordinat tsource distribution and devolopmant. Com toners promote interagency discussion and planning, mobilize coordinated hetworks for effective service delivery, and adwocats policies thet promise ‘uta funingand just service provisions. Ax convenrs, socal workers use ietworking sratgies to brag together diverse repreeatatves to adazes col Tecive gol such asin the examples of community ak groups, intragency Ccommitlows, aad Uaited Wey panels. When contovasy or coafits of interest vis, social worker as medintors use thei alll far nopoiting differences tnd roving conflicts. Conveners mediator ally serecs providers in ident ‘ying service delivery gape and encouraging prosctive interagency planning, cctivites that ate centzl to prevention efforts n social work Activist Role ‘Ganeralist social workers are in positions to identity societal conditions det Flmeotal tothe well-being of clients—a sow tht informe tho social workor te otivis Strategies employed by social actvits include informing citizens Ahout cureatlsues, mobilizing rerources,bullding coalitions, taking legal {ions and lobbying for logsiatve changes. Social activists create just socal policies as well initiate new funding or funding wellocations that sddress, Thats identified priority issues, Engendering community port, activist fmpower community-based lors to resolve comminity sues redress socal Injundoe, nd generate soctal ofr Catalyst Ro ‘As catalysts for change, social workers team with other professionals to ‘evalop humane service dalivery,advocsto just socal and environmental pol- {ejrand suppor worldview acknowledging lob interdependence. Through professional onnizations, socal workers lobby at Ue sate and federal lovels snd provide expert testimony. Ae extalyt, socal werkar nao, foster, end ‘suis lnterdeciplinary cooperation to highlight clon, local, national, and {nterntona fare. Education ‘he social work function of education roquines en empowering informs: tion exchange between a client system and a secal work practitioner Mutual sharing of Knowledge and ideae are central to the educational fun Ton: Educational processes a a system levels refloct partnerships of tleamere snd co-eachers. Colleborive larg >rosuimes that eliont 5 toms aro self diecting, possnas reservoirs of expesences an resources O2 ‘which to tare educational experlenoas, and desire immediate sppliclions of few leniag, The education function of roial wor respect the knowledge und experince that all partis contribute. Functionlag a educators involves {celal workor in tho activitios of teaching. training, outreach, and research fd scholarship (Table 1.3) ‘Teacher Role Tho leaching role In saclal work empowers cont systems with information tostimulate competent functioning inal domains ofiving. Through teachingRawls” Bdseation Roles TT Lo Role svatea! wie Teacher Faia information processing and provide ‘tucatienalpeaneine Moco Tener —_‘ntruct hough tat evelopment vac, Oareach Coney public infrmation about soca sss Sd sol arcs through eommonty aveation Soc Wok Restorcher! Engage in dsonr for krowdge development Profession Scolar stratopoe, social workers strengthen clits with information oreolvecurent snes to proven oer difhelties fom emerging. To afirm client exis ‘esNfiudge and skill, socal workers soloct collaborative lsening strato Hee amplemnent educational stvities. Educational exchanges may oxcur in chard elient-worker caufronca, in formalized instructional stings, ot fn wxpilentil exercise such as ole plays ‘Trainer Role “Kreations resource specialist for formal groups, trainers make preten- aaa as panelists at public forums, and conduct workshop sessons. tations aor value ae organizational employees at other times, organiza saree with social workers to provide specific training experiences. ‘Egulsoe einer select methods and resource materials based on resarch eae edvcation,aitude change, end learning modalities, Successful cae aaa teas roquire a earful sseersment of stafdevelopment needs aan yo aa Oe organization seeks, th ability to convey information dee ge ap peoprat telning formats, ands concrete evaluation proces. Outreach Role Iouttooch soles, sctal workers form a varity of audiences about socal te.sSlume. rare sovial injustice, and suggest services and policies Pgh toe estes Workers disseminate information to inform th comin ares pullc and private sctal service organizations thereby enhanc ait Renal At te mactoeystm lvel of eommunity and society, Aree ch role uipports the prevention of problems. Increasing awareness sreeai oouee es poverty ealth care, disease contol toss, sullde, infant cea et ctance abe, an family violonce Loads to early Interveation AY inte suppor for preventive eetions. Using mars media distabut- ind iene snd loelts, conducting mailings tftng information booths, oregng In public spoaking al bolster community members’ ewes area gasp td sorvices. Sensitive to th unique nevds of potential cl aoe a acal workers provide mulling, signed, Brae, and large prin snnoxnoament.Researcher and Scholar Roles ‘Tha social work Code of thes (NASW, 1990 specifically describes how pro feesional knowledge and scientific reseerch form the bass for practice, Tho Patio Behavior Example: Commit than Sah othe profession’ enhancement aod {other om pretesinal conduct and growth along uation: As states Table 14, great soci! wake res Bay engage nthe functions of onal, resource managaret, and eduction al Slot system evel, Based on he Hrowledg, als ant sels that Anes us this duction ar poesia demsopment fo Code of this obligates social workers to contribute to the profssion by conducting that own emptialrjearh and ‘hazing thelr findings with colleages: Professionals also Critically examine tho socal work ltorature to integrate ‘serch Bindings with their practi». Socal workers ca ‘eibute o and drew on rear seated to human behavior and the social onvirenmant, service delivery, socal wllare policy and intervention methods Integrating Generalist Functions In practice, social workers interwssve the functions of contultany, rsoures management and education. For txample, in addition to counseling consultancy may in ‘ole inking lint eth rsourore sod teecing tach net Sls. Smiley, oven though edueaton fs identified as 2 Soparate function, educational processes ao inherent Sn all other social work activites as wel. Rather than com: partmentaliring these roles, this tllogy of social work fnctions provide an ‘rganizing schoms for gneraliet social workers to consuct and integrate le {Ubested Interveatlons Table 1.8 offers examples of how faniy service worker ‘Andrea Barry engages In consultancy, resource management, and education fntervntons at ll aystens levee, Meroe! Meznieni __Nacrlee! Soca Work Peesin ‘Consitney Counseling wth Faitatre Parting Gd Adressng ethical and eel fais, Cgaiztions! —wafare community lets in andl re Change to prevent planning (hid obs ad age, Rococo Unking familes Connating—Devoning nathan late Wanagement wih adctonal sence delivery funding base for acignry ceoperation to Dlanningarore child wets oven ecarces foal aaiaces —saniene suction Leading staff Iniating pute Presenting family presen sopertunies —dowsopnent education rgaing ton sare 2 regional forleamingargerwainngon” child petecive—_Gontrence fatal and peste randy resourcesLOOKING FORWARD netlist social work i a mltifosted approach to helping people overcome the challenges in thor lives. Generalist social workare play meny pretice tolos contrite to social work research, and improve eacal policy in their ‘forts to promote buman dignity and ensure socal justice—the core values fof social work. Ii there core values that cal poop to social work. Ader Ing to these values become the tmus test for determining one’s ft with the pohesicn, Proficiency a social worker requires a coherent practice framewatk, 18 .ourcful ways to look at butnan and social system functioning and dynamic procs for change This book explains the perspectives and processes that [remount forthe effective prcten ofan empowermentarented mothod of feral eocel work Thi chplor provides an overview ofthe purposes and ‘ulus ofthe social work profesion and descriptions of practitioner roles, The borientation to empowerment rocal work provides a foundation for exami Ing an ocosystems perspective for generale social work, infusing multi tal and strengths perspectives in practico, and implamonting social work process tat levels descebod inate chapters. Chapter 2 discuss octal Iwork ihory in pretce and articulates how various vies, such ae the ec {stam perypactve, socal constrocionism, feminism. ile course, and eis) {Toor support an empowering generat spproach, Chapter 3 describes how ‘alse, expectations and diverse cultural and thal inftuences filter our per ‘Ceptios and affect our work, Chapter 4 explains the strengths perspective and fmpowerment and dischsos thet implieations for gnerlist pectic ‘Chapter introduces tls empoweringmethod ofrocal work practice famed within thre concurrent pharee-—dalogue, discovery, and development ‘ich explicate by discoteprotce procates. Through dialogue (engagement processes), workers and clients davelop and malntata collaborative parter hips exchange selevant information, and define the porposee ofthe work. In Aiscoverylesseesment processes), practitioners an clint lent resoares of ‘which to construct plans for chang. Through development (intervention and ‘valuation process), workers and clients activate resourcos, forge allancas With others, and reste new opportunities to distabute tho roureas of just Seley. Chaptrs through 26 delineate wich of thes pases, examine each the lero, mezzo and macro proces in fll dota, and ofr appliatons to levelCHAPTER | PRACTICE TEST PRACTICE TEST Tho following quostlons wil test your know chapter. For additional assessmoat, tho content found within this dng lcensing-exam type questions | ‘os applying chapter content to practice behaviors, visit MySearchLab, uni baedsncesthey 4. Asa sci wera athe Net Fry ae Ef ‘ove peu te see wa inn ‘Sorc pute eaeson mst x enti — chid ease, ThesetyepeosMySearchLab CONNECTIONS Reinforce what you loarnod in this chaptor by studying videos, cases, documents, ‘nd more available at wwrw.MySearcht-ab.com. ‘Watch and Review Read and Review Watch these Videos Read these Cae * Professional Roles and Boundaries ‘Community Practice: Organizing Social ‘Managing Personal Vales: The Gade of Work inthe Republic of Armeria, Pat 1 hice ‘4 Community Practice: Organizing Social Workin the Republic of Armerin, Part Explore and Assess Explore these Assets Interactive Cats for Practice: School Social Work Interactive Cars for Practice: Domestic Violence NASW-bitp:l/ ww socal workersory/ CSWE—bipluewesweorg! FSW http://www few org [NASW-—HolpStaristlere—http//www helpsartshereorg/sbout-socal-workers| (Child Welfere Information Gatoway—tp:/wws.childwlfaregox! Assos Your Knowledge Assess your knowlodge with a variety of topical a chapter assessment Conclude your arsestnent by completing the chapter exam.