H v tn

: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Lp
: CNKTHH 12A
Gio vin hng dn :Hong Th Tu Minh

BO CO TH NGHIM
HA PHN TCH
BI 1:

XC NH NC KT TINH

Th nghim 1 : Xc nh nc kt tinh trong BaCl 2.H2O ,

CoCl2.2H2O
1. Mc ch th nghim :
Xc nh c lng nc kt tinh trong
BaCl2.2H2O ,CoCl2.6H2O bng phng php trng lng.
Nhm gip sinh vin nm r hn cch xc nh c hm
lng ca cht cn phn tch hay cn nh lng.
2. Nguyn tc :
T khi lng BaCl2.2H2O, CoCl2.6H2O ban u v khi
lng BaCl2, CoCl2 thu c ; tnh lng nc trong
BaCl2.2H2O, CoCl2.6H2O .
PT:
BaCl2.2H2O(r)BaCl2 (r) + 2H2O(k)
CoCl2.6H2O(r)CoCl2 (r) + 6H2O(k)
3. Ha cht v dng c :
L cn (cc cn ) .
Bnh chng m.
T sy (Ecxell).
Cn phn tch( d= 0,0001g ; max = 200g ).
Ha cht BaCl2.2H2O hoc CoCl2.6H2O.
4. Cch tin hnh th nghim :
Bc 1 : Ra l cn, sy trong t sy ti nhit xc nh
110oC .
Bc 2 : Tin hnh cn trn cn phn tch ghi li khi
lng l cn cn c gi l mo.
Bc 3 : Ly mt lng mui BaCl 2.2H2O hoc CoCl2.6H2O
vi khi lng t 0,8 -1,5 (g) vo l cn, cn chnh xc
khi lng trn cn phn tch c gi tr mui v cc cn
gi l m1 .

Bc 4 : Cho cc cn vo t sy, tin hnh sy kh mu

trong khong thi gian 1 gi, sau y np l cn v t
vo bnh ht m n nhit phng tin hnh cn li
c gi tr m2 .
5. Bo co kt qu :
Khi lng cc : m1
Khi lng cc + BaCl2.2H2O : m2
Khi lng cc + BaCl2 sau khi sy 50 pht 120 125oC:
m3
Khi lng cc + BaCl2 sau khi sy t 15 20 pht 120
125oC : m4
m1

1
2
3
4
5
6
TB

14,753
2
25,850
2
19,302
4
22,751
7
20,991
9
23,23
57
21,147
5

m2

15,710
4
26,759
9
20,192
4
23,715
1
21,976
9
24,16
67
22,086
9

m4

m3

15,609 15,608
7
2
26,648 26,647
0
7
20,112 20,112
8
3
23,623 23,622
1
9
21,835 21,835
5
3
24,06
24,06
92
88
21,983 21,982
1
5
m2m4

% H2O ( thc nghim ) = m m 100 =

2
1
100%
= 11,11 %

22,086921,9825

22,086921,1475

2 18

% H2O ( l thuyt) = 137+ 2 35,5+2 18 100% =14,75 %

Hiu sut ca phn ng:
H=

H 2O(th c nghi m)
100% =
H 2O(l thuy t )

11,11

14,75

100% = 75,32 %

6. Kt lun :
Lng nc kt tinh thu c trong thc nghim gn
tng ng so vi l thuyt. C s chnh lch l t iu ny

th hin ln hiu sut ca phn ng thu c l cao, thu

c 75,32% so vi l thuyt.
Lu :
- Khi s dng cn phn tch phi i cn n nh mn hnh
hin th ch 0,0000 , i vi l cn va ly ra khi t sy cn
c t vo bnh ht m ti nhit phng ri mi em cn.
-Khi tin hnh lm th nghim xc nh lng nc kt
tinh cn tm v xc nh c nhit lng nc trong ha
cht c th kt tinh ht.

BI 2 :

NH MC CC DNG C O TH TCH

Th nghim 1 : nh mc li th tch ca Buret

1.Mc ch th nghim :
Vic nh mc li l xc nh cc vch mc mi nu cc
vch c khng p ng c yu cu. Trong qu trnh sn xut
hng lot ti cc nh mydo iu kin nhit sn xut v
iu kin nhit phng th nghim l khc nhaunn thng
dn n nhng sai s khng trnh khi, vic nh mc i khi
thiu cn trng dn n sai s ln vt qu gii hn cho php.
2. Nguyn tc :
Xc nh c lng th tch chnh lch da trn s liu
th tch thc t so vi s liu th tch trong cng thc ca bnh.
3.Ha cht v dng c :
Nc ct.
Buret( 25ml) .
Gi .
Cc thy tinh (50ml) .
Bt nha ng nc d.

 Cn phn tch( d= 0,0001g ; max = 200g ) .

4.Cch tin hnh th nghim :
Bc 1 : Ra sch buret bng nc ct 1 ln thm nc ct
n vch 0.
Bc 2 : Cn khi lng cc thy tinh trn cn phn tch
khi lng m1.
Bc 3 : Cho nc ct t buret vo cc cn t 0,00- 5,00
(ml) kha cn khi lng ca cc thu c gi tr m 2.
Bc 4 : Cho nc ct chuyn t buret sang cc cn n
vch 10,00 (ml) tin hnh cn cc li thu c m 3 lp li cho
n 25,00 (ml) .
Bc 5 : o nhit ca nc ct xc nh khi lng
ring.
5.Bo co kt qu :
D(H2O) = 0,996 g/cm3
m1 = 31,7118 (g)
(A+B+C) = 5,08g
V = 10,00 ml = 0,01 l
V = [ V x (A + B + C ) m ] x 103
St
t

1
2
3
4
5

Th tch
cc
on (ml)

0,005,00
5,0010,00
10,0015,00
15,0020,00
20,0025,00

Khi
lng
H2O+ l
cn
(g)
36,7593
41,7204
46,6076
51,5241
56,5537

Nhit
H2O
(0C)

Th tch
thc ca
buret (ml)
V= V +

Th tch
iu chnh
ca buret
V=Vthc-VLT

30

4,9929
10,0594
14,9721
19,9139
24,9689

-0,01
0,06
-0,03
-0,09
-0,03

ng cong hiu chnh :

V
30
25
20
V
15
10
5
0
-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

Kim tra s liu nghi ng : 0,06 v -0,09

Xt x= 0,06:
|0,06 (0,01)|
|x ng h ing x l nc n|
Ta c : Qtnh =
=
= 0,467
0,06(0,09)

xmax x min

So snh Qtnh vi gi tr Q chun tra bng Q (p= 0,95 ; n)

Vi n=5 Q chun= 0,64
Qtnh< Q chun Ch l sai s ngu nhin khng phi sai s th
nn khng cn loi b gi tr ny.
Xt x=-0,19:
Ta c : Qtnh =

|x ng h ing x l nc n|
xmax x min

|(0,09 )(0,03)|
0,06(0.09)

= 0,4

So snh Qtnh vi gi tr Q chun tra bng Q (p= 0,95 ; n)

Vi n=5 Q chun= 0,64
Qtnh< Q chun y l sai s ngu nhin khng phi sai s th
nn khng cn loi b gi tr ny.
Kt lun : Trong qu trnh o c s sai s tng i trong mi
ln o y l sai s ngu nhin. Mun tin hnh th nghim yu
cu c chun xc cao cn xc nh li th tch thc ca

buret.V trong thc t dng c buret ny c th tch thc

chnh lch so vi th tch nh sn xut a ra.
Ch :Qu trnh khi s dng buret ly c th tch chnh
xc cn t buret ngang tm mt.
Th nghim 2 : nh mc li th tch bnh pipet
1.Mc ch th nghim :
Vic nh mc li l xc nh cc vch mc mi nu cc
vch c khng p ng c yu cu. Trong qu trnh sn xut
hng lot ti cc nh my do iu kin nhit sn xut v
iu kin nhit phng th nghim l khc nhau nn thng
dn n nhng sai s khng trnh khi, vic nh mc i khi
thiu cn trng dn n sai s ln vt qu gii hn cho php.
2. Nguyn tc :
Xc nh c lng th tch chnh lch da trn s liu
th tch thc t so vi s liu th tch trong cng thc ca bnh.
3.Ha cht v dng c :
Nc ct .
Cc thy tinh (250,00ml) .
Pipetbu (10,00ml) .
Cn phn tch( d= 0,0001g ; max = 200g ) .
Qa bp.
4.Cch tin hnh th nghim :
Bc 1 : Cn cc thy tinh ghi li khi lng cc m 0.
Bc 2 : Ra dng pipet bu ly th tch 5,00 ml vo cc v ghi
li gi tr m1.Lp li th nghim 3 ln ly kt qu trung bnh.
5.Bo co kt qu :
D(H2O) = 0,996 g/cm3
(A+B+C) = 5,08g
V = 10,00 ml = 0,01 l
V = [ V x (A + B + C ) m ] x 103
ST
T

Khi
lng

Th
tch

Khi lng
H2O+ cc

Nhit

Th tch
thc ca

cc cn
(g)

(ml)

cn
(g)

H2O
(0C)

pipet (ml)
V= V +
V

1
2
3

108,6667

10ml

V th c 1 +V th c2 +V th c 3
=
3

118,5665
118,6880
118,7132

30

9,9506
10,0721
10,0973

9,9506+10,0721+ 10,0973
=10,04 (ml)
3

Sai s :
X = |gi tr o cgi tr t h c| = |10,0410,00| = 0,04
6.Kt lun :
Th tch thc ca pipet c khc so vi s liu c nh sn
xut ghi trn pipet. D sai lch khng qu ln nhng nu
mun tin hnh lm th nghim c chun xc cao hn cn
tin hnh xc nh li th tch thc ca pipet.
Ch : Khi lm vic vi pipet , khng c chm tay vo
phn gia ca pipet, nhit t tay s lm thay i dung tch ca
pipet.
Th nghim 3 : nh mc li th tch bnh nh mc
1.Mc ch th nghim :
Vic nh mc li l xc nh cc vch mc mi nu cc
vch c khng p ng c yu cu. Trong qu trnh sn xut
hng lot ti cc nh my do iu kin nhit sn xut v
iu kin nhit phng th nghim l khc nhau nn thng
dn n nhng sai s khng trnh khi, vic nh mc i khi
thiu cn trng dn n sai s ln vt qu gii hn cho php.
2. Nguyn tc :
Xc nh c lng th tch chnh lch da trn s liu
th tch thc t so vi s liu th tch trong cng thc ca bnh.
3.Ha cht v dng c :
Nc ct.
Cc thy tinh (50ml) .

 Bnh nh mc (10,00ml) .
Cn phn tch( d= 0,0001g ; max = 200g ) .
4.Cch tin hnh th nghim :
Bc 1 :Cn gi tr bnh nh mc ghi s liu m 0.
Bc 2 : Ra bnh nh mc , cho nc ct nh mc n vch
10ml cn li khi lng ghi gi tr m1. Lp li th nghim 3 ln.
5.Bo co kt qu :
D(H2O) = 0,996 g/cm3
(A+B+C) = 5,08g
V = 10,00 ml = 0,01 l
V = [ V x (A + B + C ) m ] x 103
ST
T

1
2
3

V =

Khi lng
bnh nh
mc
(g)

8,8945

Thtc
h
(ml)

10,00
10,00
10,00

V Th c 1+V Th c 2+V Th c 3
3

Khi
lng
H2O +
bnh
nh mc
(g)
18,3985
18,4120
18,4155

Nhit

H2O
0
( C)

9,5548+9,5683+9,5717
3

Th tch
thc ca
bnh nh
mc (ml)
V= V +
V

30

9,5548
9,5683
9,5718

= 9,5650 (ml)

Sai s :
X = |gi tr o cgi tr t h c| = |9,565010,00| = 0,4350
Kt lun : Bnh nh mc c s sai s so vi s liu do nh
sn xut a ra cho sn phm. D c sai lch khng qu ln
nhng nu mun cc qu trnh tin hnh c chnh xc cao
chng ta nn xc nh li sai s ca dng c trc khi lm th
nghim xc nh th tch thc ca bnh nh mc.
Ch : Khi lm vic vi bnh nh mc cn trnh tip xc
tay vo bu bnh, ch cm tay vo phn trn c bnh, v nhit t
tay s truyn vo thnh bnh lm thay i dung tch bnh .Trc
khi lm y bnh nh mc, phi t bnh v tr bng phng v
c chiu sng.

BI 3 : XC NH HM LNG ST (III) BNG PHNG

PHP PHN TCH KHI LNG
1.Mc ch th nghim :
Xc nh hm lng ca st (III) trong dung dch FeCl 3
bng phng php phn tch khi lng.
2.Nguyn tc :
Kt ta Fe3+ bng NH4OH theo phn ng :
Fe3+ + 3NH4OH Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH4+
Khi nung, Fe(OH)3 chuyn thnh Fe2O3
2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3H2O
T lng cn Fe2O3 suy ra lng st.

3. Ha cht v dng c th nghim :

Dung dch FeCl3 0,5 M ( 10,00 ml).
Dung dch NH4OH 10% , NH4NO3 2% (100 ml ).
Nc ct ( 100ml ).
Dung dch HNO3 2N (5ml ).
Thuc th Ag+ (AgNO3 0,025 M) (1-2 git / 1 ln th ).
Pipet bu (5,00 ml ; 10,00ml ) .
Pipet vch (5 ml ; 10ml ) .
Bnh tam gic.
ng nghim.
Cc ong (200 ml ; 50 ml )
a thy tinh, gi .
Bp in, bp cao su, phu thy tinh (phi = 6 ), a thy tinh,
gi , bt s, kp y t, bao tay.
Giy lc xanh ( kch thc l 10-5 , ng knh 11 cm )
L nung ( Lenton thomal designs 789 0C - 900 0C trong 1 gi ).
Cn phn tch( d= 0,0001g ; max = 200g ) .

4.Cch tin hnh th nghim :

Bc 1 : Cn khi lng chn nung c np ln cn phn tch.
Bc 2 : Ly 100 (ml) H2O ct vo cc 250 (ml) t ln bp
in v un nng ra kt ta.
Bc 3 : Dng pipet bu ly 10,00 (ml) FeCl3 cho vo cc
thy tinh 250 ml thm 5 (ml) dung dch HNO3 2Nlc u ri

un nh trn bp in n khi quan st bt u c hi nc

thot ra th tin hnh kt ta khng c dung dch si.
Bc 4 : Tin hnh kt ta cho dung dch NH4OH vo cc
thy tinh 100 (ml). Dng pipet vch ly NH4OH 10% thm vo
dung dch FeCl3 nng khuy u v kim tra phn ng kt ta
hon ton bng cc cch :
- Thy mi NH3 thot ra (lm xanh qu tm ) .
- kt ta lng xung sau nh NH4OH vo dung dch trong
nu thy kt ta vn xut hin thm NH4OH. 100 (ml) nc
ct nng chun b bc 2 khuy nh kt ta lng.
Bc 5 : Ra gn kt ta , cho 100(ml) dung dch NH 4NO3
2% vo
cc 200 (ml) un nng trn bp in ng thi tin hnh gn
dung
dch kt ta qua giy lc sau n phn kt ta n khi lc
ht dung
dch tin hnh loi Cl- bng dung dch NH4NO3 nng 2% (ra
kt ta
lin tc bng pipet paster ).
Bc 6 : Kim tra loi ht Cl- bng cch dng ng
nghim th dung
dch lc vo ng nghim nu cn kt ta tip tc ra.
Bc 7 : Sy v nung kt ta. Dng kp y t gp giy lc
cho vo chn
s nng t chn s ln bp nng t bc 6. Sy kh ht nc
a
vo l nung 9000C 1 gi. Ly chn nung cho vo bnh ht m
n
ngui cn li gi tr m1.
5.Bo co kt qu th nghim :
Khi lng chn s: m0 = 50,7160 g
Khi lng chn s cha kt ta sau khi nung: m 1 = 51,1395 g
C s phn ng:
FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3;
C khi lng ca Fe2O3 sau khi nung l:
m = m1 m0
= 51,1395 50,7160 = 0,4235 g
0,4235

S mol ca Fe2O3 l n = = 159,6882

= 2,6520 10-3 (mol)
D thy s mol ca FeCl3 bng 2 ln s mol ca Fe2O3.

 S mol ca FeCl3 l n = 2,652010-32 = 5,3041.10-3 (mol)

3
Nng dung dch FeCl3 dng l C = 5,3041 10 1000

10

= 0.5304 (M)
Vy nng mol ca FeCl3 dng l 0.5304 M.
6.Kt lun :
S sai khc gia s liu thc nghim v l thuyt c s
chnh lch rt nh.Nn y l phng php ph hp xc
nh c hm lng st (III) phng php c chun xc
tng i cao.
Ch : Trong qu trnh lc ra kt ta cn c 1 s lu
sau :
- Gp giy lc cn cho va phu , tia nc ct cc mp gp sao
cho giy lc st thnh phu trnh qu trnh lc lm thot cht.
- y l cht v nh hnh nn ch phi lc nng. Khng
cht cn gn ra b xung nhit cng khng c qu
si.
- Qu trnh gn ra phi din ra lin tc trnh kt ta dng nhy
bm vo thnh cc rt kh lc.

BI 4 : PHNG PHP CHUN N AXIT

BAZO

Mc ch chung:
-Bi th nghim trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c
bn v cch chun dung dch, cch chun dung dch gc
v cch dng cc cht ch th dng trong chun . Cch phn
nh v nhn dng s thay i mu ca cht ch th ti thi
im tng ng, trc v sau tng ng t nhn nh
cc cht ch th ph hp vi dung dch cn chun trnh
nhng sai s gy ra trong qu trnh chun ( sai s do ch th,
php o,) lm cho th nghim tr nn chun xc hn.
Th Nghim 1: Pha dung dch gc H2C2O4 0,05M

1. Mc ch:
Gip cho hc snh sinh vin tng cng k nng pha ch
dung dch chun gc
2. Nguyn tc:
iu ch cc dung dch chun c nng bit chnh xc,
ngi ta phi dng cc cht gc. Cht gc l cht phi tho
mn nhng iu kin sau:
Thng l nhng cht rn nguyn cht, c tinh khit
cao (lng tp cht khng vt qu 0,01 0,02%)
C thnh phn ng vi mt cng thc ho hc xc nh k
c lng nc kt tinh.
Bn c dng rn v dng dung dch trong sut qu trnh
iu ch v bo qun.
Mt s cht gc thng gp nh borax Na 2B4O7.10H2O, axit
oxalic H2C2O4.2H2O, axit benzoic C6H5COOH, AgNO3, K2Cr2O7,. . .
3. Ha cht s dng:
H2C2O4.2H2O;
nc ct
4. Dng c th nghim:
Bnh nh mc 1 lt, cc cn
5. Cc bc tin hnh:
Tnh ton lng cht gc cn thit cho qu trnh iu ch
dung dch chun.
m=

Cm
M
V

0,05000
. 126.0654
1000,0

= 6,303 (g)

Dng cn phn tch cn chnh xc lng cht gc tnh

6,3 g
Ho tan cht rn trong cc v vao bnh nh mc 1 lt .
tip tc lm li nh th 2 ln v chuyn vo bnh nh mc
cht tan hon ton c chuyn vo trong bnh, ri thm dung
mi ti vch, lc u.
Th nghim 2: Chun NaOH bng H2C2O4
1.Mc ch:
Gip cho hc sinh , sinh vin tng cng k nng chun
2.Ha cht
NaOH;

H2C2O4 0,1N;
phenolphtalein
3.Dng c th nghim
gi th nghim;
buret 25,00ml;
pipet bu 10,00ml;
bnh nn;
phu thy tinh;
cc thy tinh.
4.Cc bc tin hnh
Bc 1: ra dng c bng nc my sau trng bng nc
ct, dung giy mm lau kh
Bc 2: cho mt t NaOH vo trng u buret v loi bot. Cho
dung dch NaOH vo buret bng phu thy tinh sao cho NaOH
y n vch 0 ca buret
Bc 3: dung pipet bu 10,00ml ly 10,00ml dung dch
H2C2O4 0,05M vo bnh nn, tia nc ct ln ming bnh, thm
vo 2-3 git phenolphtalein
Bc 4: nh t t NaOH trong buret vo bnh n cha
10,00ml H2C2O4 0,05M lc u bnh nn cho ti khi xut hin
mu hng bn ( 15- 30s) ghi th tch NaOH chun , ghi kt
qu v ly gi tr trung bnh
Bc 5: tnh kt qu, s dng cng thc tnh ng lng
gam:
Bc 6: x l s liu; tnh nng ng lng NaOH, bin
gii tin cy, so snh nng trung bnh vi nng NaOH
5.Bo co kt qu
Dung dch H 2 C 2 O 4 th chun c nng C M = 0,1000N
PTP: 2 NaOH + H2C2O4 Na2C2O4 + H2O
Th tch s dng trong th nghim ca dung dch H 2 C 2 O 4 :
V H C O =10,00 ml
Ln 1: V NaOH = 20,3 ml
2: V NaOH = 20,2 ml
3: V NaOH = 20,3 ml
Ta c th tch NaOH trung bnh:
2

V tb NaOH =

V i
1

Nng ca NaOH l:

20.3+ 20,2+ 20,3

3,000

=20,267 ml

C NaOH

V H 2 C 2O 4 C
V tb NaOH

H 2C 2O 4

10,00 0,100
20,267

= 0,0493 M

Sai s ca php o do ch th:

S=

C NaOH VtbV H 2C 2 O 4 C
V H 2 C2 O 4 C

H 2C 2O 4

H 2C 2O 4

= 2,93.10

20,267 0,049310,00 0,100

0,100 10,00

-3

C NaOH Vtb

Mc nh phn F: F= V
H 2 C 2O 4 C
pH sau im tng ng:

H 2C 2O 4

0,0493 20,267

= 10,00 0,1000

pH= 14 + lg[OH]- =14 + lg( F1

||
9,519

= 0,999

V H 2C 2 O 4 .C
V H 2 C 2O 4 +V tb NaOH
H 2 C 2O 4

)=

Th nghim 3: Xc nh nng axit axetic trong gim

Phn tch chun :
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
1. Mc ch:
Gip cho hc sinh , sinh vin tng cng k nng chun
2.Ha cht th nghim
NaOH;
gim n Minh Hong;
phenolphthalein
3.Dng c th nghim
Bnh nn; pipet; cc thy tinh; cc thy tinh; cn phn tch;
cc cn; buret
4.Cc bc tin hnh
Bc 1: ra dng c th nghim
Bc 2: xc nh khi lng ring ca gim n:
m= V.d d = mV
Cn 3 ln ly kt qu trung bnh
Bc 3:cn cc cn ghi li kt qu; sau ly 5-10ml gim
n vo cc cn y np, cn trn cn phn tch, ghi khi
lng th tch gim ly, cn 3 ln ly gi tr trung bnh
Bc 4: ly 2ml gim n cho vo bnh nn; tia nc ct vo
bnhl nh 2-3 git phenolphtalein. Tin hnh chun bng
dung dch NaOH th nghim 2. Lc u bnh cho ti khi xut
hin mu hng bn. Ghi li kt qu lp li th nghim 3 ln
Bc 5: x l s liu thng k:

Tnh %, so snh chun vi l thuyt chun axit acetic

trong gim n ( c nng % gc l 5%) : ( CH 3 COOH ) c
d = 0,99 g/ml
5 : Bo co kt qu :
axit acetic trong gim n ( c nng % gc l 5%)
( CH 3 COOH ) c d = 0,99 g/ml
Ln 1: V NaOH = 14, 00 ml
2: V NaOH = 13.80 ml
3: V NaOH = 13,90 ml
3

V NaOH

Vi
1

14,00+13,80+ 13,90
3

Ta c nng CH 3 COOH
CCH COOH
3

= 13,90ml)

trong gim n l:

V NaOH .C NaOH
V CH COOH
3

13,90 0,0493
2, 00

= 0,343 (mol/lt)

Vy s mol cht tan trong gim n l:

nct = C M . V = 0,3432,00. 103 = 0,686 . 103 (mol)
Nng % ca axit acetic trong gim l:
C% =

mct
.100
mdd

n. M
V .d

0,686.10 60,05
2.0,99

. 100 = 2.08%

Thng s trn trai gim n chua ton phn 50 g/lt

Vy ta c % axit acetic trong dm ti thiu l:
C CH COOH

50

= 1000.0,99 =5%
Nhn xt:
so sng vi nng ti thiu trng gim n l 2% th
kt qu tnh ton c li nh hn iu ny gii thch
do qu trnh lm th nghim axit acetic l 1 axit rt
d bay hi ln b gim kt qu so vi thc t.
trn thc th ta phi pha long dung dch phn tch
ri mi em phn tch nhng do ta phn tch trc
tip ln lm gi tr sai s ln.
3

Th nghim 4: Chun HCl bng NaOH:

1. Mc ch:
Gip cho hc sinh , sinh vin tng cng k nng chun
2.Ha cht th nghim
HCl; NaOH, phenolphtalein;
3.Dng c th nghim
Bnh nn; buret; phu thy tinh; cc thy tinh, phenolphtalein
4.Cch tin hnh:

Bc 1: ra dng c th nghim
Bc 2: ly 10,00ml Hcl vo bnh nn; tia nc ct vo thnh
bnh; thm 2-3 git phenolphtalein; chun bng dung dch
NaOH; lc cho n khi dung dch xut hin mu hng bn; lp
li 3 ln
Bc 3:x l s liu
5.Bo co kt qu :
Kt qu php o:
Ln 1: V NaOH = 21,60 ml
2: V NaOH = 21,50ml
3: V NaOH = 21,60 ml
S l s liu:
PTP :
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
VHCl = 10,00ml
CN(NaOH) = 0,0493N
V tb NaOH

CHCl

Vi

3,000
C NaOH . V tb NaOH
=
V HCl

21,60+ 21,50+21,60
3,000

= 21,567 ml

= 0,1063 M

Sai s ch th ca php o S
S=

C HCl V HCl V tb C
V tb C

NaOH

=2,38. 104

NaOH

Mc nh phn F:

C HCl V HCl

F= V C
=0,999
tb
NaOH
Vy thi im sau tng ng:
PH= 14 +log[OH]= 14+ log ( |F1| V

C HCl .V HCl
HCl +V tb NaOH

) = 9,53

Th nghim 5: xc nh hm lng axit lactic trong sa

1.Mc ch:
Gip cho hc sinh , sinh vin tng cng k nng chun
2.Ha cht th nghim
Sa vinamilk;
phenolphtalein,
NaOH
3.Dng c th nghim
Bnh nn;
buret;
phu thy tinh;

4.Cch tin hnh:

Bc 1:R dng c: pipet, phu thy tinh, bnh tam gic.
Bc 2: Ly 10,00ml sa vo bnh tam gic thm 45 git P.P
vo bnh tam gic.
Bc 3: Tin hnh chun nhanh giai on u, chm li
st thi im tng ng. Kt thc chun mu ca P.P
chuyn sang mu hng nht
Bc 4: x l s liu:
5.Bo co kt qu
Ln 1: V NaOH = 4,20 ml
2: V NaOH = 4,10 ml
3: V NaOH = 4.10 ml
V tb NaOH
CCH COOH
3

=
=

Vi

3,000
V tb NaOH . C NaOH
V CH COOH
3

Sai s ch th php o S :
S=

CC H
3

O3

4,20+4,10+ 4,10
=4,13 ml
3,000
4,13 .0,0493
=
= 0,020 N
10,00

V C H O V tb C
V tb C
3

=0,018

NaOH

NaOH

Mc nh phn F:

V tb NaOH .C NaOH

F= C
= 1,0180
CH COOH .V CH COOH
Vy thi im sau tng ng:
3

C H O
C H O
PH= -log[H]= - log ( |F1| V +V
) = 3,59

tb
C H O
Vy nng C N ca axit lactic trong sa l 0,020 N
3

Th nghim 6: Xc nh hm lng axit tacric trong ru

vang
1.Mc ch:
Gip cho hc sinh , sinh vin tng cng k nng chun
2.Ha cht th nghim
Ru vang;
NaOH;
phenolphtalein
3.Dng c th nghim
Bnh nn; phu thy tinh; cc cn; cn phn tch; buret;
4.Cch tin hnh
Bc 1: ra dng c th nghim
Bc 2: cn cc cn ghi li kt qu; sau ly 5,00ml ru
vang vo cc cn ri em cn ghi li kt qu lp li 3 ln

Bc 3: ly 10,00ml ru vang vo bnh nn; tia nc ct

thm vo bnh 4-5 git phenolphtalein chun d bng NaOH
cho ti khi dung dch xut hin mu hng bn. Ghi li kt qu
v lp li th nghim 3 ln
Bc 4: s l s liu
5.Bo co kt qu
Ln 1: V NaOH = 12,60 ml
2: V NaOH = 12,50 ml
3: V NaOH = 12,40 ml
V tb NaOH

=
=

C axit tacric

Sai s ch th S:
S=

Vi

3,000
V tb NaOH . C NaOH
V axit tacric

12,40+12,50+ 12,60
=12,50 ml
3,000
12,50 0,0493
=
= 0,0616 N
10,00

CC

H 6O 6

V C H O V tb C
V tb C
4

NaOH

= 4,06. 104

NaOH

Mc nh phn F:
Vy nng C N

V tb NaOH . C NaOH

F= C
=1,0004
axit tacric .V axit tacric
ca axit tacric trong riu vang l 0,0616N

BI 5 : CHUN A AXIT-BAZO
1 : Mc ch:
- Nm vng v phng php thc hnh chun a axit a baz
- Xc nh chnh xc nng a axit, a baz, hn hp baz mnh v
a baz, hn hp axit mnh v a axit.
- Phng php chn ch th trong chun a axit - a baz.
- X l s liu thng k.
2: Nguyn tc
Cc cht kim hp th CO2 trong khng kh chuyn thnh mui
cacbonat tng ng:
2NaOH + CO2 = Na2CO3 + H2O
Do dung dch NaOH lun lun cha Na2CO3.
Dng dung dch chun HCl cho tc dng vi hn hp NaOH v Na2CO3, phn
ng xy ra ln lt nh sau:
NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O (1)
Na2CO3 + HCl = NaHCO3 + NaCl (2)
NaHCO3 + HCl = H2CO3 + NaCl (3)
Khi nh phn hn hp NaOH+Na2CO3, lc kt thc phn ng (1) v (2) pH
ca dung dch khong 8,3 (xem cch tnh pH ca cht lng tnh). Nu trong
dung dch c mt cht ch th phenolphtalein th thi im ny cht ch th s
mt mu hng.
Tip tc cho HCl tc dng, khi phn ng (3) kt thc, ton b NaHCO3 chuyn
thnh H2CO3, pH ca dung dch khong 3,8 (xem cch tnh pH ca dung dch
a axit). Lc nu trong dung dch c mt cht ch th metyl da cam th mu
ca n s chuyn t vng sang da cam.
3 :Ha cht dng c
- Dung dch NaOH
- Dung dch HCl
- Thuc mui NBCA (Nabican)
- Buret
- Pipet
- Bnh tam gic
- Cc thy tinh, phu
- Bnh nh mc
4 : Cch tin hnh
Th nghim 1: Chun hn hp HCl v H3PO4 bng NaOH
- Bc 1: Ra dng c (buret, pipet, phu, cc, bnh tam gic).

- Bc 2: Np dung dch NaOH vo buret bng phu ( c trng v loi

kh).
- Bc 3: Ly 10.00 ml dung dch HCl v H3PO4 vo bnh tam gic, thm
2-3 git ch th MO, tia nc ct xung quanh, lc u, chun cho n
khi t mu mu vng th c im tng ng 1. (V1)
- Bc 4: Tip tc thm 2-3 git ch th PP, lc u, v chun , n khi
chuyn t khng mu sang mu hng, ta c im tng ng 2. (V2)
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 2: Chun hn hp NaOH v Na2CO3 bng HCl
- Bc 1: Ra dng c (buret, pipet, phu, cc, bnh tam gic)
- Bc 2: Np dung dch HCl vo buret bng phu ( c trng v loi kh)
- Bc 3: Ly 10.00 ml dung dch NaOH + Na2CO3 vo bnh tam gic, thm 23 git ch th PP, tia nc ct xung quanh, lc u, chun cho n khi t
mu hng s mt mu th c im tng ng 1. (V1)
- Bc 4: Tip tc thm 2-3 git ch th MO, lc u, v chun , n khi
chuyn t mu vng sang mu da cam, ta c im tng ng 2. (V2)
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 3: Xc nh cng ca nc
- Bc 1: Ly 200,00 ml nc cn phn tch vo bnh tam gic
- Bc 2: Thm 5ml dung dch m pH=10, thm 1 t ch th ETOO, dung dch
xut hin mu nho.
- Bc 3: Tin hnh chun bng EDTA 0,05M t buret, thi im tng
ng, dung dch chuyn mu t ngt t mu nho sang mu xanh, th
dng.
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 4 : Xc nh hm lng Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 trong thuc NBCA
- Bc 1: Cn 5.0000 (g) mui ca cc hng, ha tan bng nc ct 1 ln, v
nh mc vo bnh 500ml.
- Bc 2: Ra cc dng c (pipet, phu, bnh tam gic) trng li bng nc ct
- Bc 3: Ly 10.00 ml dung dch mu vo bnh tam gic, thm 1-3 git ch th
PP, chun bng dung dch HCl t buret, n khi c s thay i mu t ngt
t hng n mt mu, kt thc thi im tng ng 1.
- Bc 4: Tip tc thm 2-3 git MO, chun bng HCl n khi dung dch
chuyn mu t vng sang da cam, kt thc thi im tng ng 2.
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
5: Bo co kt qu + x l s liu
Th nghim 1: Chun hn hp HCl v H3PO4 bng NaOH
Vdd = 10 ml
VNaOH phn ng (ml)
Chun
Thi im tng ng 1 Thi im tng ng 2
V1
V2

Ln 1
Ln 2
Ln 3
Trung
bnh

11,50 ml
11,30 ml
11,40 ml
11,40 ml

17,60 ml
17,40 ml
17,50 ml
17,50 ml

Th nghim 2: Chun hn hp NaOH v Na2CO3 bng HCl

Vdd = 10 ml
VHCl phn ng (ml)
Chun
Thi im tng ng 1
Thi im tng ng 2
V1
V2
Ln 1
10,70 ml
13,30 ml
Ln 2
10,80 ml
13,30 ml
Ln 3
10,60 ml
13,30 ml
Trung
10,70 ml
13,30 ml
bnh
Th nghim 3: Xc nh cng ca nc my
VHCl phn ng
Chun
Ln 1
4,30 ml
Ln 2

4,50 ml

Ln 3
Trung bnh

4,60 ml
4,46 ml

Th nghim 4: Xc nh hm lng Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 trong thuc NBCA

VHCl phn ng (ml)
Chun
Thi im tng ng 1 Thi im tng ng 2
V1
V2
Ln 1
0,90 ml
11,40 ml
Ln 2
1,00 ml
11,30 ml
Ln 3
0,80 ml
11,40 ml
Trung
0,90 ml
11,36 ml
bnh

Bi 6: Chun to phc (complexon)

1 : Mc ch
2 : C s phng php
Da vo phn ng:
Ca2+ + H2Y2 = CaY2 + 2H+

 xc nh im tng ng, s dng cht ch th Murexit k hiu l

H3Ind.
pH12 phn ng gia cht ch th Murexit v Ca 2+ c th biu din theo
s
H3Ind 2H+ + HInd2
Ca2+ + HInd2 = CaInd + H+
cui qu trnh chun khi complexon III tc dng ht vi Ca 2+ (phc
CaY2 bn hn phc CaInd) th:
H2Y2 + CaInd = CaY2 + H+ + HInd2 ( pH12)
ta khng mu tm hoa c
Ch rng v mu ca cht ch th Murexit ph thuc pH nn khi nh phn
phi cho thm dung dch NaOH vo c gi tr pH ph hp.
3 Ha cht v dng c
- Dung dch complexon III 0,05N (EDTA)
- Dung dch NaOH 1M
- Dung dch m NH4Cl/NH3 pH=10
- Dung dch Mg2+
- Dung dch Mg2+ + Ca2+
- Vin nn Magnesi B6
- Cht ch th murexit, ch th ETOO
- Buret chun t ng
- Bnh tam gic
- Pipet, phu, bnh nh mc
4 : Cch tin hnh
Th nghim 1: Xc nh Mg2+ bng EDTA 0,1N
- Bc 1: Ra cc dng c (Buret chun t ng, pipet, bnh tam gic,
phu)
- Bc 2: Dng bnh tam gic ly 1 t dung dch EDTA pha ch, trng sch
loi nc, loi dung dch bn, sau ly khong 400-500 ml dung dch
EDTA cho vo bnh phn tch.
y dung dch phn tch ln vch 0 bng dung dch phn tch.
-Bc 3: Ly 10,00 ml dung dch Mg2+, thm 5ml dung dch m pH=10, 1 t
tinh th ETOO dng rn, vo bnh tam gic, quan st mu sc thu c.
- Bc 4: Chun dung dch ETDA t buret, n khi dung dch chuyn mu
t ngt, t nho sang mu xanh.
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng Ca2+, Mg2+ bng EDTA ch th ETOO

- Bc 1: Ra cc dng c (pipet, bnh tam gic, phu)

- Bc 2: Ly 10,00 ml dung dch Ca2+, Mg2+ cho vo bnh tam gic. Thm 5 ml
dung dch m, 1 t dung dch ETOO.
- Bc 3: Chun bng dung dch EDTA, dng li khi dung dch chuyn mu
t ngt t mu sang xanh. Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly gi tr trung bnh.
Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng Ca2+, Mg2+ bng EDTA ch th murexit
- Bc 1: Ra cc dng c (pipet, bnh tam gic, phu)
- Bc 2: Ly 10,00 ml dung dch Ca2+, Mg2+ cho vo bnh tam gic. Thm
10ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thm 1 t tinh th murexit, lc u, quan st dung
dch c mu hng.
- Bc 3: Chun bng dung dch EDTA t buret n khi chuyn mu t
ngt t mu hng sang mu hoa c. Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung
bnh.
Th nghim 4: nh lng Mg2+ trong vin nn Magnesi - B6
- Bc 1: (X l mu) Chng ta cn c tnh i din cho tng v thuc
Cn khi lng 10 vin nn, chia trung bnh cho 10 vin s c c khi
lng 1 vin.
Nghin vin nn thnh bt mn, sau cn khi lng ca mt vin nn
vo cc thy tinh kh.
- Bc 2: Thm nc ct mt ln vo cc (15-20 ml). Dng a thy tinh khuy
u trong 5 -> 10 pht, v chuyn vo bnh nh mc 50ml, thm nc ct vo
cc, khuy u chuyn ht cht phn tch, lp li 3-4 ln, ri lc u, sau
nh mc n vch v lc u.
- Bc 3: dung dch t bnh nh mc vo cc sch, tip tc khuy 2-3 pht,
ly 10,00 ml dung dch, thm 5 ml dung dch m, v mt t ch th ETOO vo
bnh tam gic.
- Bc 4: Chun bng EDTA, n khi dung dch chuyn mu t ngt t
mu hng sang mu xanh th dng li. Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly gi tr trung
bnh.
5 : Bo co kt qu + x l s liu
Th nghim 1: Xc nh Mg2+ bng EDTA 0,1N
Mg2 +=10 ml
V
V dd m (c pH =10)=5 ml

CEDTA = 0,05 M
ch th ETOO
Chun
Ln 1

VEDTA phn ng
19,80 ml

Ln 2

19,80 ml

Ln 3

19,70 ml

Trung bnh
V Mg
C
V
Mg2 += EDTA. EDTA
C

19,767 ml

2+

0 ,05 19,767
10,00

= 0,0988 (M)

Th nghim 2 : Xc nh nng Ca2+, Mg2+ bng EDTA

Vdd = 10 ml
Vdd m c pH = 10 = 5 ml
CEDTA = 0,05 M
ch th ETOO
Chun
Ln 1

VEDTA phn ng
20,00 ml

Ln 2

20,10 ml

Ln 3
Trung bnh

20,10 ml
20,067 ml

C EDTA . V EDTA
V dd

Ca
C

2+ , Mg2+ =

0,05 20,067
10,00

= 0,1003 (M)

Th nghim 3: Xc nh nng Ca2+, Mg2+ bng EDTA

Vdd = 10 ml
VNaOH 1M = 5 ml
CEDTA = 0,05 M
ch th murexit
Chun
Ln 1

2+ , Mg2+
Ca
C

VEDTA phn ng
9,90 ml

Ln 2

9,80 ml

Ln 3
Trung bnh

9,80 ml
9,83 ml

C EDTA. V EDTA
V dd

0,05 9,83
10,00

= 0,4915 (M)

Th nghim 4: nh lng Mg2+ trong vin nn Magnesi - B6

Khi lng 1 vin nn Magnesi B6:
m1= 0,7080 (g)

Vthuc = 10 ml
Vdd m c pH = 10 = 5 ml
CEDTA = 0,05 M
ch th ETOO
Chun
Ln 1

CMg2+ =
nMg2+=

VEDTA phn ng
5,30 ml

Ln 2

5,40 ml

Ln 3
Trung bnh

5,40 ml
5,367 ml

V Mg 2 +
0,05 5,367
C EDTA. V EDTA =
= 0,0268 (M)
10,00

50 0,0268
= 1,34 10-3 (mol)
1000

mMg2+ = n.M = 1,34 10-3 24,305 = 0,0326 (g)

Bi 7: Phng php chun to phc

I) Mc ch
II) C s phng php
cng chung ca nc ln hay b ph thuc lng Ca2+, Mg2+ c
trong nc.
xc nh cng chung ca nc phng php thng dng hin nay l
chun bng complexon III da vo phn ng ti st im tng ng vi
cht ch th ETOO (xem bi trc) ti pH = 8 11:
H2Y2 + CaInd = CaY2 + HInd2 + H+
H2Y2 + MgInd = MgY2 + HInd2 + H+
cng chung ca nc c biu din bng s mili ng lng gam Ca2+,
Mg2+ trong 1 lt nc.
III) Ha cht v dng c
- Dung dch EDTA 0,05M
- Mu nc ly c t ni sinh sng (khu vc Trn Cung C Nhu)
- Thuc Calsium stada, Canxi D3
- Thuc Ferovit
- axit sulfosalixylic
- Dung dch NaOH 1M

- Dung dch m NH4Cl/NH3 pH=10

- Thuc th ETOO, murexit
- Buret
- Pipet
- Bnh tam gic
- Cc thy tinh, phu
- Bnh nh mc
IV) Cch tin hnh
Th nghim 1: Xc nh cng ca nc sinh hot
- Bc 1: Ly 100,00 ml nc cn phn tch vo bnh tam gic
- Bc 2: Thm 5ml dung dch m pH=10, thm 1 t ch th ETOO, dung dch
xut hin mu nho.
- Bc 3: Tin hnh chun bng EDTA 0,05M t buret, thi im tng
ng, dung dch chuyn mu t ngt t mu nho sang mu xanh, th dng.
Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 2: Xc nh hm lng Canxi trong mu thuc
a) Xc nh hm lng Canxi trong thuc dng nc.
Thng tin sn phm: Calcium stada, Cng ty Stada Vit Nam
Hot cht: Canxiglucopheptonate: 0,550 (g)
- Bc 1: B u ng thuc canxi, chuyn thuc vo bnh nh mc 50 ml, trng
nc ct mt ln t 3-4 ln ri nh mc n vch.
- Bc 2: Np dung dch EDTA 0,05M vo buret (sau khi trng bng EDTA,
chuyn dung dch phn tch ra cc, ly 10,00 ml dung dch cht phn tch, 10 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, 1 t ch th murexit, thu c dung dch mu .
- Bc 3: Chun bng EDTA t buret n khi xut hin mu tm hoa c th
dng. Lp li 3 ln th nghim, ly kt qu trung bnh.
b) Xc nh hm lng canxi trong vin nang.
Thng tin sn phm: Canxi D3, Cng ty TNHH tho dc Thanh Hng
Hot cht: Canxi lactat: 50mg
vi: 150mg
Calcigluconat: 150mg
- Bc 1: Ghi k hiu trn cc 50ml
- Bc 2: Cn khi lng 1 vin nang trn cn k thut v cho vo cc, thm
15ml nc ct, un trn bp in, lc u cho tan ht, thm 5 ml dung dch HCl

c tip tc un nng v lc u n khi dung dch gn cn, th tip tc ch

mc vo bnh nh mc 50ml, nh mc n vch bng nc ct nng, khng
dung dch b ha en trong cc.
- Bc 3: Chuyn dung dch phn tch ra cc, v ly 10,00 ml dung dch, thm
15 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, 1 t ch th murexit, lc u, chun bng EDTA
t buret, n khi dung dch chuyn tm hoa c th dng, lp li th nghim 3 ln,
ly kt qu trung bnh.
Th nghim 3: Xc nh hm lng st trong vin thuc cha st.
Thng tin sn phm: Ferovit, cng ty Megalife Sliences
Hot cht: Ferrous Fumarate: 162 mg
- Bc 1: nh s th t trn cc thy tinh.
- Bc 2: X l mu
Cn khi lng 1 vin nang, trn cn k thut, ghi khi lng, cho vo
cc thy tinh, ri thm 10ml nc ct, ung nng, lc u, thm 5ml dung dch
HCl , tin hnh un nng trn bp in, n khi mu thuc tan ht, th thm tip
3-4ml HNO3 c, tip tc un nng.
- Bc 3: Tin hnh chuyn vo bnh nh mc 50ml, trng 3-4 ln, ri nh
mc n vch.
-Bc 4: dung dch vo cc, ly 10,00 ml dung dch phn tch, 20 git axit
sunfosalixylic. Chun bng EDTA t buret, dung dch c mu tm, n
khi chuyn sang mu vng th dng li. Lp li th nghim 3 ln, ly kt qu
trung bnh.
V) Kt qu th nghim + X l s liu
Th nghim 1: Xc nh cng ca nc
a) S dng nc my ly t mu nc sinh hot khu vc Trn Cung.
ST
T
1
2
3
TB

VEDTA (ml)

2,00
1,80
2,00
1,93

100,087
90,078
100,087
96,751

SD (n=3)

%RSD

b) S dng mu nc my ly ti phng th nghim

ST
T
1
2
3
TB

VEDTA (ml)

1,60
1,60
1,50
1,57

80,070
80,070
75,065
78,402

SD (n=3)

%RSD

Th nghim 2: Xc nh hm lng Canxi trong mu thuc

a) Xc nh hm lng Canxi trong thuc dng nc.
ST
T
1
2
3
TB

VEDTA (ml)

CCa2+ (M)

4,60
4,40
4,50
4,50

0,023
0,022
0,023
0,023

SD (n=3)

%RSD

CEDTA . VEDTA = CCa2+ . VCa2+ => CCa2+

10

mCa2+ trong 10 ml = 1000 0,023 40,078 = 9,2 10-3 (g)

50

trong 50 ml = 1000 0,023 40,078 = 0,046 (g)

=> q=

10,0460,046
0,045

= 2,2%

b) Xc nh hm lng canxi trong vin nang.

ST
T
1
2
3
TB

VEDTA (ml)

CCa2+ (M)

8,10
8,00
8,00
8,07

0,041
0,040
0,040
0,040

SD (n=3)

%RSD

CEDTA . VEDTA = CCa2+ . VCa2+ => CCa2+

10

mCa2+ trong 10 ml = 1000 0,040 40,078 = 0,016 (g)

50

trong 50 ml = 1000 0,040 40,078 = 0,080 (g) = 80 (mg)

=> q=

80,0086,20
86,20

= 7,2%

Th nghim 3: Xc nh hm lng st trong vin thuc cha st.

ST
T
1
2
3
TB

VEDTA (ml)

CFe3+ (M)

5,20
5,10
5,20
5,17

0,026
0,026
0,026
0,026

SD (n=3)

%RSD

CEDTA . VEDTA = CFe3+ . VFe3+ => CFe3+ = 0,026 (M)

10

=> mFe3+ trong 10ml = 1000 . 0,026 .55,845=0,0145( g)

2

mFe3+ trong 50ml = 0,0725 (g) => mFe2+ = 3 mFe3+ = 0,0483 (g) = 48,33
(mg)
mFe2+ theo l thuyt = 53,24 (mg)
q=

m Fe 2+ thc t m Fe 2+theo l thuyt

m Fe 2+theol thuyt

= 9,22%