SKELETAL SYSTEM

A. FUNCTIONS:
>Movement, Support, Protection,
Makes Blood (Bone Marrow),
Storage
Two Major Skeletal Parts
1. AXIAL SKELETON skull, spine, ribs,
sternum
2. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
shoulders, arms, hips, legs
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4.

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Four Basic Bone Shapes

LONG arms, legs, fingers
SHORT wrist, ankles
FLAT skull, sternum
IRREGULAR spine
Bone Structures
PERIOSTEUM covers the bone
COMPACT BONE lies beneath the
periosteum
SPONGY BONE lies beneath the
compact bone
BONE MARROW fills the gaps
between the spongy bone
JOINTS OF THE BODY
BALL AND SOCKET round end of
the bone (shoulder and hip)
HINGE moves in one direction
(knee and elbow)
PIVOT free movement (neck,
wrist, ankle)
FIXED IMMOVABLE does not move
(skull)
GLIDING JOINT free flowing
movement (knuckles)

CONNECTORS OF THE BODY

1. LIGAMENTS connect bone to bone
2. TENDON attaches muscles to
bone
3. CARTILAGE cushion between
bones at a joint and protects the
bones

NAMES OF THE BONES

>CRANIUM BONES parietal, frontal,
occipital, temporal, maxilla,
mandible
>CLAVICLE collar bones
>SCAPULA shoulder blade
>VERTEBRAL COLUMN or SPINAL CORD
cervical region (neck bone), thoracic
region (ribs attach to), lumbar region
(lower part of the back)
> SACRUM / SACRAL lower part of the
spine
>COCCYX / COCCYGEAL TAIL tailbone
>HUMERUS upper arm bone
>RADIUS and ULNA from elbow down
>CARPALS wrist bone
>METACARPALS top of the hands
>PHALANGES little fingers
>RIB CAGE
>STERNUM breastbone
>PELVIS dancing bone
>FEMUR longest and strongest part of
the
bone
>PATELLA kneecaps
>TIBIA and FIBULA lower leg
>TARSAL bones of your ankles
>METATARSAL sole
>PHALANGES fingers and toes
>CALCANEOUS Achilles tendon
PROBLEMS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. FRACTURE - break
2. DISLOCATION out of the joint
3. SPRAIN swelling in the joint
4. ARTHRITIS inflamed and stiff
joints
5. SCOLIOSIS curvature of the spine
6. OSTEOPOROSIS brittle of the
bones