Cho Mng Qu V n Hoa K

Hng Dn Dnh Cho Ngi Mi Nhp C

M-618-V (rev. 09/15)

Cho Mng Qu V n
Hoa K
Hng Dn Dnh Cho Ngi
Mi Nhp C

U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE

Use of ISBN Prefix

This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein
identified to certify its authenticity. Use of the 0-16 ISBN prefix is for U.S.
Government Publishing Office Official Editions only. The Superintendent
of Documents of the U.S. Government Publishing Office requests that any
reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a
new ISBN.
The information presented in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants
is considered public information and may be distributed or copied without
alteration unless otherwise specified. The citation should be:
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration
Services, Office of Citizenship, Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New
Immigrants, Washington, DC, 2015.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has purchased the right
to use many of the images in Welcome to the United States: A Guide for New Immigrants.
USCIS is licensed to use these images on a non-exclusive and non-transferable
basis. All other rights to the images, including without limitation and
copyright, are retained by the owner of the images. These images are not in
the public domain and may not be used except as they appear as part of this
guide.
This guide contains information on a variety of topics that are not within the
jurisdiction of U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)/USCIS. If you
have a question about a non-DHS/USCIS issue, please refer directly to the
responsible agency or organization for the most current information. This
information is correct at the time of printing, however, it may change in the
future.

Mc lc
Cho Mng Qu V n Hoa K: Hng Dn Dnh Cho Ngi
Mi Nhp C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cc B V C Quan Ca Chnh Quyn Lin Bang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoa K Ngy Nay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nhng Ngy L Lin Bang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lin h USCIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2
3
4
5

Gii Thiu V Hng Dn Ny. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Nhng Ni Tr Gip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Ngun Trc Tuyn USCIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Quyn V Trch Nhim Ca Qu V vi t cch l mt Thng
TrNhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quyn V Trch Nhim Ca Qu V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duy Tr Tnh Trng Thng Tr Nhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nu Qu V L Thng Tr Nhn C iu Kin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tm S Tr Gip Php L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nhng Hu Qu Ca Hnh Vi Phm Ti Hnh S i Vi Thng
Tr Nhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13
14
16
19
21
24

nh C Hoa K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xin S An Sinh X Hi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tm Ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tm Vic Lm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chm Sc Con Em. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i Li Ti Hoa K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27
28
30
35
41
43

Qun L Tin Bc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ti Chnh C Nhn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ng Thu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bo V Bn Thn v Tin Bc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47
48
51
53

Hiu v Gio Dc v Chm Sc Y T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Gio Dc Ti Hoa K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Gio Dc i Hc: Cc Trng Cao ng V i Hc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Gio Dc Dnh Cho Ngi Ln. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Hc Ting Anh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Chm Sc Y T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Nhng Chng Trnh Tr Cp Khc Ca Lin Bang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Bo m An Ton Cho Ni V Gia nh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hy Sn Sng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lun Nm R Thng Tin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ng Ph Vi Trng Hp Khn Cp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75
76
78
79

Tm Hiu V Hoa K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Nhn Dn Chng Ta: Vai Tr Ca Cng Dn Hoa K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Hoa K c Hnh Thnh Nh Th No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Xy Dng Mt Lin Bang Hon Ho Hn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chnh Ph Lin Bang Hot ng Nh Th No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Ngnh Lp Php: Quc Hi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Ngnh Hnh Php: Tng Thng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ngnh T Php: Ti Cao Php Vin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Chnh Quyn Tiu Bang V Chnh Quyn a Phng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Tri Nghim Hoa K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Tr Thnh Cng Dn Hoa K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
L Do Tr Thnh Cng Dn HoaK?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Nhp Quc Tch: Tr Thnh Cng Dn Hoa K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Qu V ang i ng ng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Cho Mng Qu V n
Hoa K

Hng Dn Dnh Cho Ngi

Mi Nhp C
Chc mng qu v tr thnh thng tr nhn ca Hp Chng Quc Hoa K!
Thay mt Tng Thng v ton th nhn dn Hoa K, chng ti cho n qu v
v chc qu v thnh cng ti y.
Trong sut chiu di lch s, Hoa K n tip rt nhiu ngi nhp c n t
khp ni trn th gii. Nc M nh gi cao nhng ng gp ca ngi nhp
c, nhng ngi tip tc lm giu cho t nc v bo tn di sn cho mnh t
ca t do v y c hi ny.
L mt thng tr nhn Hoa K, qu v quyt nh xem t nc ny l qu
hng ca mnh. Trong khi lm vic t c nhng mc tiu ca mnh, qu
v cng nn dnh cht thi gian tm hiu v t nc ny cng nh lch s v
con ngi ni y. T by gi tr i, qu v c quyn cng nh c trch nhim
gp phn vo vic xy dng tng lai ca Hoa K v m bo Hoa K tip tc
thnh cng.
Nhng c hi hp dn ang ch n khi qu v bc chn vo cuc sng mi
vi t cch l thng tr nhn ca t nc v i ny. Cho Mng Qu V n
Hoa K:
U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services (C Quan Nhp Tch V Di Tr
HoaK)

Cc B V C Quan Ca Chnh
Quyn Lin Bang
Nu qu v c thc mc v khng bit c quan no c th tr li,
hy gi 1-800-FED-INFO (hoc 1-800-333-4636). Nu qu v l ngi khim
thnh, hy gi 1-800-326-2996.
Qu v cng c th truy cp vo trang web www.usa.gov bit thng tin chung
v cc b v c quan ca chnh quyn lin bang.
U.S Department of Education (ED) (B Gio Dc
Hoa K)
in thoi: 1-800-USA-LEARN
in thoi: 1-800-872-5327
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-437-0833
www.ed.gov

U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

(EEOC) (y Ban C Hi Vic Lm Bnh ng)
in thoi: 1-800-669-4000
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-669-6820
www.eeoc.gov

U.S Department of Health and Human Services

(HHS) (B Y T V Dch V Nhn Sinh Hoa K)
in thoi: 1-877-696-6775
www.hhs.gov

U.S Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (B

An Ninh Ni a Hoa K)
in thoi: 202-282-8000
www.dhs.gov

U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

(C Quan Nhp Tch V Di Tr Hoa K)
in thoi: 1-800-375-5283
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-767-1833
www.uscis.gov

U.S Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

(Cc Hi Quan V Bin Phng Hoa K)
in thoi: 202-354-1000
www.cbp.gov

U.S Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

(Cc Kim Sot Di Tr V Hi Quan Hoa K)
www.ice.gov

U.S Department of Housing and Urban

Development (HUD) (B Gia C V Pht Trin
Th Hoa K)
in thoi: 202-708-1112
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 202-708-1455
www.hud.gov

U.S Department of Justice (DOJ) (B T Php Hoa K)

in thoi: 202-514-2000
www.justice.gov

U.S Department of the Treasury (B Ti Chnh Hoa K)

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (S Thu V)
in thoi: 1-800-829-1040
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-829-4059
www.irs.gov

Selective Service System (SSS) (ng K Vi S

Qun V)
in thoi: 1-888-655-1825
in thoi: 847-688-6888
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 847-688-2567
www.sss.gov

Social Security Administration (SSA) (S An Sinh

X Hi)
in thoi: 1-800-772-1213
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-325-0778
www.socialsecurity.gov hoc www.segurosocial.gov/
espanol

U.S Department of State (DOS) (B Ngoi Giao

HoaK)
in thoi: 202-647-4000
Dnh cho ngi khim thnh: 1-800-877-8339
www.state.gov

Hoa K Ngy Nay

Washington
Montana
Oregon

Idaho
Wyoming

North
Dakota

Colorado

California

Arizona

Indiana

Iowa

New
Mexico

Kansas

Oklahoma

New
York

Pennsylvania
Ohio

Illinois

Utah

Maine

Michigan
Wisconsin

South
Dakota
Nebraska

Nevada

Vermont

Minnesota

Missouri

Arkansas

Kentucky
Tennessee

Alabama

Georgia

Virginia

New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Jersey
Delaware
Maryland
Washington, DC
West Virginia

North
Carolina

South Carolina

Texas

Alaska

Louisiana

Mississippi

Florida

Hawaii

Hoa K cng bao gm c cc vng lnh th Guam, American Samoa, qun o

Virgin Islands ca Hoa K, v khi thnh vng chung Northern Mariana Islands
v Puerto Rico, l nhng ni khng c trn bn ny.

Nhng Ngy L Lin Bang

Hu ht cc vn phng lin bang u ng ca vo nhng ngy l chnh
thc. Nu ngy l trng vi ngy th By trong tun, ngy l s c
chuyn sang ngy th Su trc . Nu trng vi ngy Ch Nht th c
chuyn sang ngy th Hai sau . Nhiu nh tuyn dng phi chnh ph cng
cho nhn vin ca mnh ngh vo nhng ngy l ny. Chnh ph lin bang
quy nh nhng ngy l chnh thc di y.

Tt Ty

Ngy 1 Thng Ging

Ngy Sinh ca Martin Luther King, Jr.

Ngy Th Hai trong tun th 3 ca

Thng Ging

Ngy Tng Nim Cc V Tng

Thng

Ngy Th Hai trong tun th 3 ca

Thng Hai

L Tng Nim Chin S Trn Vong

Ngy Th Hai cui cng ca Thng

Nm

Ngy L c Lp

Ngy 4 Thng By

Ngy L Lao ng

Ngy Th Hai u tin ca Thng

Chn

Ngy Tng Nim Columbus

Ngy Th Hai trong tun th 2 ca

Thng Mi

Ngy Cu Chin Binh

Ngy 11 Thng Mi Mt

Ngy L T n

Ngy Th Nm trong tun th 4 ca

Thng Mi Mt

L Ging Sinh

Ngy 25 Thng Mi Hai

Lin h USCIS
Xin mi qu v vo trang web ca USCIS ti www.uscis.gov v
www.welcometousa.gov, l ngun ti liu cho ngi mi nhp c.
Gi cho Dch V Khch Hng s 1-800-375-5283 hoc 1-800-767-1833 (dnh
cho ngi khim thnh).
xin cc mu n, xin mi qu v vo trang web ca USCIS hoc gi cho
ng Dy Xin n USCIS s 1-800-870-3676.

Gii Thiu V Hng Dn Ny

Hng dn ny bao gm nhng thng tin cn bn nhm gip qu v nh c lp nghip Hoa K v tm
c nhng g qu v v gia nh cn cho cuc sng hng ngy. Hng dn cng tm tt nhng thng tin
quan trng v tnh trng php l ca qu v v v nhng c quan v t chc cung cp giy t hoc dch v
m qu v c th cn n.

Vi t cch l mt thng tr nhn (permanent resident), qu v nn bt u

tm hiu v quc gia ny cng nh con ngi v h thng chnh quyn y.
Hy s dng hng dn ny tm hiu v quyn li v trch nhim ca mnh
vi t cch l mt ngi nhp c, tm hiu v cch lm vic ca chnh quyn
lin bang, tiu bang v chnh quyn a phng. Qu v cng c th tm hiu v
nhng s kin lch s quan trng gp phn hnh thnh nn Hoa K cng nh
tm quan trng ca vic tham gia vo nhng sinh hot cng ng v nhng gi
gip qu v lm c vic .
Hng dn ny tm tt chung cc quyn li, trch nhim v nhng th tc lin
quan n thng tr nhn. bit thng tin c th v chi tit hn, qu v nn
tham kho cc vn bn php lut, quy nh, mu n v nhng hng dn ca
C Quan Nhp Tch V Di Tr Hoa K (USCIS). Nu c thc mc v trng hp
nhp c hoc cu hi v di tr, cch tt nht l tham kho nhng ngun thng
tin chi tit ny. Qu v cng c th tm thng tin trn trang web ca USCIS a
ch www.uscis.gov. Qu v c th ly mu n ca USCIS trn trang web hoc
bng cch gi ng Dy Xin n ca USCIS theo s 1-800-870-3676. bit
thm thng tin, vui lng gi cho Dch V Khch Hng s 1-800-375-5283 hoc
1-800-767-1833 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh).

Nhng Ni Tr Gip
Hng dn ny s gip qu v cch bt u, nhng khng th tr li tt c
nhng cu hi ca qu v v cuc sng Hoa K. tm thm thng tin, qu v
c th lin lc vi cc c quan ca chnh quyn tiu bang, ht hoc thnh ph
tm hiu v nhng dch v sn c hoc hi thng tin t cc t chc ti a
phng gip ngi mi nhp c. Qu v c th tm nhng vn phng v t chc
ny bng cch s dng cc dch v min ph c nu ra sau y.

Th Vin Cng Cng

Mi ngi u c th s dng min ph nhng Th
Vin Cng Cng ti Hoa K. Hu ht mi cng ng
u c th vin. Nhn vin th vin c th gip qu v
tm kim thng tin v nhiu ch v cp cho qu v
th th vin qu v c th mn min ph nhng
th nh sch, DVD v cc ngun ti liu khc. Qu
v cn c th c bo a phng v s dng my
tnh truy cp Internet trong hu ht cc th vin.

Mt s th vin c lp hc my tnh min ph, hng dn ngn ng Ting Anh

v cc chng trnh khc cho tr em v ngi ln. Hy hi nhn vin th vin v
cc dch v c cung cp trong cng ng. tm th vin gn ni qu v, vui
lng truy cp www.nces.ed.gov.

Danh B in Thoi
Danh B in Thoi a phng ca qu v (nin gim in thoi)
bao gm cc s in thoi v thng tin quan trng v nhng dch
v ca lin bang, tiu bang v cng ng a phng. Danh B c
thng tin cn thit trong trng hp khn cp, bn a phng
v thng tin v cch ng k dch v in thoi. Trang mu trng
lit k cc s in thoi ca c nhn, trang mu vng lit k s
in thoi v a ch ca cc c s thng mi v t chc. Qu
v cng c th gi s 411 tm s in thoi c th bt c ni
no ti Hoa K. Qu v s phi tr ph khi gi 411.

Mng Internet
Mng Internet c th kt ni qu v n nhiu ngun thng tin, bao
gm nhng trang web ca cc c quan chnh quyn lin bang,
tiu bang v a phng. Hu ht cc trang web ca chnh
quyn c ch .gov cui. Nu khng c my tnh
nh, qu v c th s dng my tnh trong th vin cng
cng. Qu v c th s dng Internet tm vic lm,
ni , tm hiu v trng hc cho con em mnh, v
tm nhng t chc cng ng v ngun tr gip qu
v. Qu v cng c th s dng Internet tm cc tin
tc quan trng v s kin hin ti cng nh khm
ph cc thng tin th v v i sng M, lch s v
chnh quyn ca Hoa K v cng ng a phng
ca qu v. Hy truy cp www.welcometousa.gov
tm cc ngun ti liu v chnh quyn lin bang c sn
cho ngi mi nhp c.

LI
KHUYN

L mt ngi nhp c, qu v cn cnh gic vi nhng a ch web gi

trng ging vi trang web ca chnh quyn m nhng ngi xu
to ra nh la v li dng qu v. Xin nh rng trang web chnh
thc ca C Quan Nhp Tch V Di Tr Hoa K l www.uscis.gov.

Cc T Chc Cng ng V Tn Gio Tr Gip

Ngi Nhp C
Trong nhiu cng ng c nhng t chc tr gip min ph hoc gi thp cho
ngi nhp c. Nhng t chc ny c th gip qu v tm hiu v cng ng ca
mnh v nhng dch v sn c dnh cho nhng ngi nhp c nh qu v. Qu
v c th tm nhng t chc ny qua mng Internet, trong danh b in thoi a
phng, hi nhn vin th vin cng cng, hoc lin h vi c quan dch v
x hi ca chnh quyn a phng.

Ngun Trc Tuyn USCIS

USCIS c nhiu ngun trc tuyn hu ch sn c. Nhng ngun ny cung cp
thng tin v cc ch nhp c, thi gian gii quyt, tnh trng v vic, ph v
cc li ch khc.

NGUN TRC TUYN

10

Nu qu v mun:

Vo:

Kim tra trng thi v vic, xem thi gian gii

quyt, ng k nhn cp nht tnh trng, hoc
tm vn phng USCIS gn qu v nht.

www.uscis.gov

Kim tra l ph np h s hin ti

www.uscis.gov/fees

Ln lch hn INFOPASS min ph

vi Nhn vin USCIS

http://infopass.uscis.gov

Nhng thng tin khc dnh cho Ngi Mi Nhp C

Cho Mng Qu V n Hoa K: Hng Dn Dnh Cho Ngi Mi Nhp C c sn bng nhng
ngn ng khc ti www.uscis.gov/newimmigrants.

11

12

Quyn V Trch Nhim Ca Qu

V vi t cch l mt Thng
TrNhn
Vi t cch l mt thng tr nhn, qu v cn phi xem Hoa K l qu hng mnh cng nh phi tn trng
v tun th php lut ca quc gia ny. L mt thng tr nhn cng c ngha l qu v c cc quyn v
trch nhim mi.
L mt thng tr nhn l mt c n ch khng phi l quyn. Chnh quyn M c th bi b tnh trng
thng tr nhn ca qu v trong mt s iu kin nht nh. Qu v phi duy tr tnh trng thng tr nhn
nu mun sinh sng v lm vic Hoa K hay mt ngy no mun tr thnh cng dn Hoa K.
Trong phn ny, qu v s tm hiu xem l mt thng tr nhn c ngha l g v cch duy tr tnh trng
thng tr nhn ca qu v.

13
13

Quyn V Trch Nhim Ca

Qu V
L mt thng tr nhn, nhng g qu v lm c th nh hng n kh nng tr
thnh cng dn Hoa K sau ny. Qu trnh tr thnh mt cng dn Hoa K c
gi l nhp quc tch.
L mt thng tr nhn, qu v c quyn:

Sng v hn nh bt c ni no ti Hoa K.

Lm vic ti Hoa K.

S hu bt ng sn ti Hoa K.

Theo hc nhng trng cng lp.

Xin bng li xe trong tiu bang hoc trong khu vc qu v ang sng.

Gia nhp vo mt s binh chng ca Lc Lng V Trang Hoa K.

Xin hng tin An Sinh X Hi (Social Security), tin Ph Cp Bnh Tt SSI

(Supplemental Security Income) v tr cp chm sc Y t (Medicare), nu qu v
hi iu kin.

Np n xin nhp quc tch Hoa K khi qu v hi iu kin.

Xin th thc cho chng hoc v v con ci cn c thn n sng Hoa K.

Xut nhp cnh Hoa K trong mt s iu kin nht nh.

L mt thng tr nhn, qu v phi:

Tun th ton b lut php ca lin bang, tiu bang v a

phng.
ng thu thu nhp cho lin bang, tiu bang v a
phng.
Phi ng k vi S Qun V (Selective Service)
(Lc Lng V Trang Hoa K), nu qu v l nam
gii t 18 n 26 tui. Hy xem hng dn
18.
Duy tr tnh trng nhp c ca mnh.
Lun mang theo giy t chng minh tnh trng
thng tr nhn ca qu v.
Mi khi chuyn ch , phi bo a ch mi trn mng
hoc gi th bo a ch mi cho USCIS trong vng 10
ngy. Xem hng dn 19 .

14

Qu V C Th Lm G
Vi t cch thng tr nhn, qu v c nhiu quyn li v quyn t do. Ngc li, qu v c mt s trch
nhim. Mt trong nhng trch nhim quan trng l tham gia vo sinh hot cng ng. Qu v cng nn tm
hiu v vn ha cng nh lch s v chnh ph ca Hoa K. Qu v c th lm c iu ny bng cch
tham d nhng lp gio dc dnh cho ngi ln v c bo a phng.

Thng tr nhn c pht th Thng Tr Nhn hp l (Mu n I-551)

chng minh cho tnh trng hp php ca h Hoa K. C ngi gi th ny l
Th Xanh. Nu qu v lm th tc nhp c vo Hoa K v c nhp cnh vi
t cch thng tr nhn th qu v phi tr ph ngi nhp c cho USCIS. Qu
v tr ph ny trc tuyn thng qua H Thng Nhp C in T USCIS (USCIS
ELIS) ti www.uscis.gov/uscis-elis. Xin lu rng qu v
s khng nhn c Th Thng Tr Nhn cho ti khi qu
v tr ph ngi nhp c cho USCIS. Nu qu v tr thnh
thng tr nhn bng cch iu chnh trng thi nhp c
khi qu v ang Hoa K th qu v ch phi tr tin cho Mu
n I-485, n ng K Thng Tr Nhn hay iu Chnh
Trng Thi Nhp C, l ph np h s v khng cn phi tr
ph ngi nhp c cho USCIS.
Nu qu v l mt thng tr nhn t 18 tui tr ln, qu v
phi mang theo giy t chng minh tnh trng nhp c ca
mnh. Qu v phi xut trnh giy t cho nhn vin di tr hoc
nhn vin thc thi php lut khi c yu cu. Th Thng
Tr Nhn c th c hiu lc trong 10 nm, v qu v phi gia hn trc khi n
ht hn hoc nu qu v i h tn. thay th hoc gia hn Th Thng Tr
Nhn, qu v phi np h s Mu n I-90, n Xin Thay Th Th Thng Tr
Nhn. Qu v phi tr l ph khi np Mu n I-90. Qu v c th ly c mu
n ny trc tuyn ti www.uscis.gov hoc gi in thoi ti ng Dy Xin
n ca USCIS s 1-800-870-3676. Nu qu v l thng tr nhn c iu kin
(CR) thng qua din kt hn hay din doanh nhn th qu v c cp th hai
nm. Khng dng Mu n I-90 xin ko di hoc gia hn tnh trng thng
tr nhn ca qu v. Thay vo , qu v phi np h s loi b iu kin trc
khi th ht hn. Xem 19 bit hng dn cch loi b iu kin tnh trng
thng tr nhn.
Th Thng Tr Nhn ca qu v cho thy rng qu v c php sinh sng v
lm vic Hoa K. Qu v cn c th dng Th Thng Tr Nhn vo li Hoa
K sau khi i du lch nc ngoi. Nu qu v i khi Hoa K qu 12 thng, qu v
s phi trnh np thm mt s giy t nhp cnh tr li Hoa K vi t cch l
mt thng tr nhn. bit thm thng tin v nhng ti liu ny, xem 17.

15

Duy Tr Tnh Trng Thng

Tr Nhn
Khi qu v t c tnh trng thng tr nhn th qu v s tip tc l thng
tr nhn tr khi tnh trng ca qu v thay i theo lut nhp c ca Hoa K. Mt
cch m qu v c th mt tnh trng thng tr nhn l t b n. Qu v t b
tnh trng thng tr nhn bng cch ri Hoa K v sng nc ngoi trong
thi gian di vi nh t b tnh trng thng tr nhn ca mnh. Hnh x ca
qu v s chng minh cho nh thc t ca mnh. C mt s iu m qu v c
th lm gim kh nng chnh ph Hoa K nhn nh rng qu v t b tnh
trng thng tr nhn ca mnh:

Khng ri khi Hoa K trong thi gian di tr nhng

trng hp cho thy chuyn i ca qu v ch nhm
mc ch tm thi (v d: i hc, nhn vic lm tm
thi, hoc chm sc thnh vin gia nh). Nu qu v
vng mt mt nm tr ln, qu v khng th s dng
Th Thng Tr Nhn vo Hoa K.
Nu c chuyn g xy ra lm chm tr vic quay tr li
Hoa K th qu v hy chun b gii trnh (cc) l do cho
s chm tr ny.
Phi khai thu thu nhp lin bang, v, nu c th p
dng, tiu bang v a phng.
Phi ng k vi S Qun V (Selective Service), nu
qu v l nam gii t 18 n 26 tui.
Cung cp a ch mi ca qu v cho USCIS trong vng 10 ngy mi khi
chuyn nh.

Nhng Giy T Quan Trng Cn Bo V

Hy ct gi ni an ton nhng giy t quan trng m qu v mang theo t
qu nh ca mnh. V d cho nhng giy t ny bao gm: h chiu, giy khai
sinh, giy hn th, giy ly d, bng tt nghip trung hc ph thng hoc i hc,
v/hoc nhng chng ch cho thy qu v qua nhng qu trnh hun luyn
hoc c nhng k nng c bit.

16

Duy Tr Tnh Trng Nhp C Ca Qu V

Mt s ngi nhp c tin rng h c th sng nc ngoi v gi tnh trng
thng tr nhn min l h tr v Hoa K t nht mi nm mt ln nhng gi nh
l sai. Tr v Hoa K mi nm mt ln cha duy tr tnh trng thng
tr nhn ca qu v. Thng tr nhn c th i ra ngoi Hoa K, v cc chuyn
i tm thi hoc ngn ngy thng khng nh hng ti tnh trng thng tr
nhn. Nu qu v ri nc ny qu lu hoc cho thy r bng cch khc l qu
v khng c nh xem Hoa K l ni nh c ca mnh th chnh ph Hoa K c
th xc nh rng qu v t b tnh trng thng tr nhn ca qu v. iu ny
cn c th xy ra nu qu v i t su thng ti mt nm, nu c bng chng cho
thy qu v khng c nh xem Hoa K l ni nh c ca mnh.
Qu v c th s dng Th Thng Tr Nhn lm giy t i li tr v Hoa
K nu qu v khng nc ngoi t mt nm tr ln. Nu qu v d nh i
ra ngoi Hoa K hn 12 thng, qu v nn xin giy php ti nhp cnh (re-entry
permit) trc khi ri khi Hoa K bng cch np Mu n I-131, n Xin Giy
T i Li. Qu v phi tr l ph khi np Mu n I-131. Qu v c th ly Mu
n I-131 ti www.uscis.gov hoc gi in thoi ti ng Dy Xin n ca
USCIS s 1-800-870-3676.
Giy php ti nhp cnh c gi tr ti a hai nm. Qu v c th xut trnh giy
php ti nhp cnh, thay cho th thc hoc Th Thng Tr Nhn, ti cng nhp
cnh. C giy php ti nhp cnh vn khng bo m l qu v s c nhp
cnh khi tr v Hoa K, nhng giy php ny c th d dng chng minh rng
qu v tr v t mt chuyn du lch tm thi nc ngoi. Nu qu v mun c
thm thng tin v du lch nc ngoi vi t cch l thng tr nhn, vui lng
truy cp www.uscis.gov.
Qu v cng nn bit rngbt k qu v c t b tnh trng thng tr nhn
hay khngqu v cng phi chp nhn tri qua cc bc kim tra nhp cnh
ton din nh l ngi n xin vo Hoa K bt k khi no qu v nc
ngoi t nht 181 ngy hoc trong nhng trng hp khc c nu r trong
lut nhp c.

17

Khai Thu Thu Nhp C Nhn

L mt thng tr nhn, qu v phi khai thu thu nhp v bo co thu nhp ca
mnh vi S Thu V (IRS) cng nh cho cc thu tiu bang, cc thu thnh
ph hoc cc thu a phng nu c yu cu. Nu qu v khng np
giy khai thu thu nhp trong khi ang sng ngoi Hoa K trong
bt c mt khong thi gian no, hoc nu qu v khai rng
qu v l ngi khng nh c (non-immigrant) trn giy
khai thu, chnh quyn Hoa K c th quyt nh rng qu
v t b tnh trng thng tr nhn ca mnh.

ng K vi S Qun V
Mi nam gii t 18 n 26 tui u phi ng k vi
S Qun V (Selective Service). Nam gii c th thc
nhp c hoc iu chnh tnh trng vo la tui ny
c th c ng k t ng vi S Qun V.
Nu vy, qu v c th nhn c thng tin trong
th nu r qu v c ng k.Nu qu v cha
chc l mnh ng k hay cha th hy lin h S
Qun V, h c th kim tra h s ca qu v. Qu v cng
c th kim tra trn trang web ca S Qun V ti
www.sss.gov. Khi ng k, qu v khng nh vi chnh quyn
rng mnh sn sng phc v trong lc lng v trang Hoa K. Hin
nay, Hoa K khng c chnh sch bt qun dch nhng nam gii t 18 ti 26 tui
vn bt buc phi ng k. iu ny c ngha l thng tr nhn v cng dn
Hoa K khng phi phc v trong lc lng v trang tr khi h mun.
Qu v c th ng k ti mt bu in Hoa K hoc trn Internet. ng k
vi S Qun V trn Internet, vui lng truy cp trang web ca S Qun V ti
www.sss.gov. Gi s 847-688-6888 ni chuyn vi nhn vin ca S Qun
V. y khng phi l s in thoi min ph.
Qu v cng c th tm thng tin trn trang web ca USCIS ti www.uscis.gov.

18

Thng Bo a Ch Mi ca Qu V cho USCIS

Qu v phi thng bo cho USCIS nu qu v thay i a ch. trnh Mu n
AR-11, i a Ch trong vng 10 ngy chuyn ch . bit thng tin np
n i a ch, vui lng truy cp trang web ca USCIS ti www.uscis.gov/
addresschange hoc gi Dch v khch hng s 1-800-375-5283. Qu v phi
thng bo cho USCIS tt c cc ln qu v thay i a ch ca mnh.
Gi USCIS theo s 1-800-375-5283 hoc truy cp www.uscis.gov bit thm
thng tin.

Nu Qu V L Thng Tr
Nhn C iu Kin
C th qu v Hoa K vi t cch l thng tr nhn c iu kin (Conditional
Resident, hay CR). Qu v c coi l CR nu qu v kt hn vi mt cng dn
Hoa K hoc thng tr nhn Hoa K di 2 nm k t khi qu v c chp
thun tnh trng thng tr nhn. Nu qu v c con
ci, con ci ca qu v cng c th c din CR.
Xem Mu n I-751, n Xin Bi B cc iu Kin
v Thng Tr bit hng dn v quy trnh np
h s cho tr em. Mt s nh u t nhp c cng
l CR.
Thng tr nhn c iu kin (CR) c quyn li v
trch nhim ging nh thng tr nhn. Thng tr
nhn c iu kin phi np Mu n I-751, v nh
u t nhp c phi np Mu n I-829, n Xin
Loi B cc iu Kin Thng Tr ca Doanh Nhn
(Petition by Entrepreneur to Remove Conditions),
trong vng hai nm k t ngy tnh trng thng tr
nhn c iu kin c chp thun. Ngy ny thng l ngy ht hn ghi trn
Th Thng Tr Nhn. Qu v nn np cc mu n ny trong vng 90 ngy
trc khi n thi hn hai nm k t ngy qu v c tnh trng thng tr nhn
c iu kin. Nu khng lm nh vy, qu v c th mt tnh trng nhp c.

19

Np Mu n I-751 cng vi Chng Hoc V

Nu l thng tr nhn c iu kin v qu v nhp c da trn vic kt
hn vi mt cng dn hoc thng tr nhn, qu v v ngi phi ngu phi
cng np Mu n I-751 qu v c th loi b cc iu kin p dng cho
tnh trng thng tr nhn ca mnh.
Trong mt s trng hp, qu v khng phi np Mu n I-751 cng vi
chng hoc v ca mnh. Nu khng cn kt hn vi ngi phi ngu na,
hoc nu ngi phi ngu ngc i qu v th qu v c th t mnh np
Mu n I-751. Qu v cng c th t np Mu n I-751 nu vic b trc xut
khi Hoa K s t qu v vo tnh trng kh khn, ngt ngho. Nu khng
ng n chung vi ngi phi ngu, qu v c th np Mu n I-751 bt c
lc no sau khi tr thnh thng tr nhn c iu kin.

Cch np Mu n I-751 V I-829 cho USCIS

Ai: Thng Tr Nhn C iu Kin (CR)
Ti sao: Tnh trng thng tr nhn c iu kin ht hn sau hai nm sau ngy qu v tr thnh CR.
Khi no: Thng tr nhn c iu kin khi lm h s vi ngi phi ngu phi np Mu n I-751. Nhng
nh u t nhp c phi np Mu n I-829. C hai mu n ny phi c np trong vng 90 ngy trc
khi tnh trng thng tr nhn c iu kin ht hn. Ngy ht hn c ghi trn Th Thng Tr Nhn ca
qu v.
Ni ly mu n: Qu v c th ly mu n ny ti www.uscis.gov hoc gi in thoi ti ng Dy Xin
n ca USCIS s 1-800-870-3676.
Ni gi mu n: Gi ti trung tm dch v USCIS (USCIS Service Center). a ch ca nhng trung tm
dch v ny c ghi trong hng dn ca mu n.
L ph np n: Qu v phi tr l ph khi np Mu n I-751 hoc Mu n I-829. Trc khi qu v gi
mu n ny, hy kim tra l ph np h s USCIS mi nht ti www.uscis.gov/fees.
Nu qu v np Mu n I-751 hoc Mu n I-829 ng hn, USCIS thng s gi mt thng bo gia hn
tnh trng CR ca qu v n 12 thng. Trong thi gian ny, USCIS s duyt xt n xin ca qu v.

20

Nu Qu V L Nn Nhn Ca Bo Hnh Trong Gia nh

Nu qu v l nn nhn ca bo hnh trong gia nh, qu v c th tm s tr gip thng qua ng Dy
Nng Bo Hnh Gia nh Quc Gia (National Domestic Violence Hotline) theo s in thoi: 1-800-799-7233
hoc 1-800-787-3224 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh). C c dch v tr gip bng ting Ty Ban Nha v cc
th ting khc.
Nu qu v l ngi phi ngu hoc con ci ca cng dn hay thng tr nhn M v b ngi ngc
i, o lut Chng Bo Hnh Ph N (Violence Against Women Act) cho php qu v t ngh hoc t
np n tr thnh thng tr nhn. bit thm thng tin, hy truy cp www.uscis.gov hoc gi n
ng Dy Nng Bo Hnh Gia nh Quc Gia.

LI
KHUYN

Hy gi bn sao ca tt c cc mu n m qu v gi ti USCIS
v nhng c quan chnh quyn khc. Ch gi bn sao, khng phi
bn chnh. i khi mu n b tht lc, v vy vic gi bn sao c th
gip trnh rc ri.

Tm S Tr Gip Php L
Nu cn c tr gip v vn nhp c, qu v c th s dng dch v ca
lut s chuyn v lut nhp c c trnh v c cp php hnh ngh. Qu
v c th tm n lut s on a phng c gip tm mt lut s gii.
Mt s tiu bang cng nhn nhng lut s chuyn v
lut nhp c. Nhng lut s ny thi u cc k thi
chng t h rt am hiu lut nhp c. Cc tiu bang
sau y hin c danh sch nhng lut s chuyn v
lut nhp c c chng nhn trong trang web ca lut
s on tiu bang ca h: California, Florida, North
Carolina v Texas. Lu : Qu v chu trch nhim
quyt nh liu c cn thu lut s hay khng. USCIS
khng tha thun hoc khuyn ngh bt c lut s c
th no.

21

Nu qu v cn s tr gip php l v vn nhp c, nhng khng c tin

mn lut s, th c mt s dch v h tr min ph hoc gi thp. Hy cn nhc
ngh tr gip t mt trong nhng ni sau y:

Mt T Chc c Tha Nhn: Nhng t chc c tha nhn bi y

Ban Duyt Xt Khng Co Di Tr (Board of Immigration Appeals hay BIA).
c tha nhn, t chc phi c kin thc v kinh nghim cung cp
dch v cho ngi nhp c. T chc c tha nhn c th tnh ph hoc ch
chp nhn l ph rt thp cho nhng dch v ny. bit danh sch nhng
t chc c BIA tha nhn ny, vui lng truy cp www.justice.gov/eoir/
recognition-accreditation-roster-reports.

Ngi i Din Chnh Thc: y l nhng ngi c quan h vi nhng t

chc c BIA tha nhn. Nhng ngi i din ny ch c tnh ph hoc
chp nhn l ph rt thp cho nhng dch v ca h. bit danh sch nhng
t chc c BIA tha nhn ny, vui lng truy cp www.justice.gov/eoir/
recognition-accreditation-roster-reports.

Ngi i Din C Trnh Chuyn Mn: Nhng ngi ny cung cp cc

dch v min ph. H phi am hiu v lut nhp c cng nh nhng th tc
ca ta n. Ngi i din c trnh chuyn mn c th bao gm sinh vin
lut khoa v c nhn lut cng nh ngi c quan h c nhn hoc ngh
nghip vi qu v m c t cch o c tt (b con, lng ging, nh tu hnh,
ng nghip, bn b).

Cc Nh Cung Cp Dch V Php L Min Ph: B T Php Hoa K c

danh sch cc nh cung cp dch v php l min ph c tha nhn cho
nhng ngi ang thc hin th tc php l trc ta v nhp c. y l mt
danh sch nhng lut s v t chc c th sn sng i din cho ngi nhp
c lm cc th tc php l v nhp c trc ta n di tr. Lut s v cc t
chc trong danh sch ny ng gip ngi nhp c pro bono (min ph)
ch dnh cho cc th tc php l trc ta v nhp c. Mt s ngi c th
khng c kh nng gip qu v v cc vn khng lin quan ti ta n, nh
xin th thc, nhp quc tch,... Danh sch ny hin c ti www.justice.gov/
eoir/free-legal-services-providers.

Chng trnh Pro Bono: Mi vn phng USCIS cc a phng thng

c sn nhng danh sch cc t chc c tha nhn cp dch v pro bono
(min ph) v nhng ngi i din ca cc t chc ny.

bit thm thng tin v tm hiu dch v php l, vui lng truy cp
www.uscis.gov/legaladvice.

Cn trng vi k gi danh hnh ngh t vn

nhp c
Nhiu chuyn gia t vn nhp c c trnh cao v trung thc, h c th cung
cp dch v tt cho ngi nhp c, tuy nhin c mt s ngi li dng ngi
nhp c.

22

Trc khi qu v quyt nh nhn s tr gip v vn nhp c, v trc khi

tr tin, qu v nn nghin cu c th quyt nh ng v loi dch v tr gip
php l m qu v cn. Hy t bo v mnh trnh tr thnh nn nhn ca
nhng k gi danh hnh ngh t vn nhp c.
iu quan trng cn nh:

USCIS khng c quan h c bit vi bt c t chc t nhn hoc c nhn

no cung cp dch v nhp c. Hy t du hi nghi ng i vi nhng ngi
c li ha c v qu thuyt phc hoc nhng ngi khng nh c mi quan
h c bit vi USCIS. Khng nn tin nhng ngi bo m chc chn v kt
qu hoc thi gian gii quyt h s nhanh hn. Nu qu v khng hi iu
kin hng mt tnh trng di tr no , th vic mn lut s hoc nhn vin
t vn nhp c s khng thay i c iu .
Mt s nh t vn, i l du lch, vn phng
kinh doanh bt ng sn, v nhng ngi gi l
cng chng vin c lm dch v nhp c. Hy
nh hi k v trnh ca h v yu cu c
xem giy xc nhn ca BIA hoc giy chng
nhn ca lut s on. Mt s ngi ni rng mnh c trnh cung cp
dch v php l nhng trn thc t th khng. Nhng ngi ny c th to ra
cc sai st v t Tnh Trng Nhp C ca qu v vo ri ro v gy cho qu v
nhng rc ri nghim trng.
Nu qu v mn nh t vn nhp c hoc lut s, hy lm mt vn bn hp
ng. Hp ng phi c vit bng ting Anh v mt bn vit bng ngn
ng m ca qu v (nu ting Anh khng phi l ngn ng m ca qu
v). Hp ng nn lit k tt c nhng dch v s c cung cp cho qu v
cng vi cc khon l ph phi tr. Trc khi qu v k hp ng, hy yu cu
h cung cp tn v s in thoi ca mt s ngi c th khng nh t cch
lm vic ca h.
C gng trnh tr tin mt cho nhng dch v. Nh ly bin lai thu tin. Nh
gi bn gc ca nhng giy t ca qu v.
ng bao gi k tn trn mt mu n cha in. m bo rng qu v hiu
ht nhng g trong mu n trc khi k.

bit thm thng tin v cch t bo v khng tr thnh nn nhn ca

k gi danh hnh ngh t vn nhp c, vui lng truy cp www.uscis.gov/
avoidscams.
Hy tm s tr gip nu nhn vin t vn nhp c la gt qu v. Gi cho
bin l a phng hoc tiu bang, c quan bo v khch hng hoc c quan
cnh st a phng. Qu v cng c th lin h y Ban Thng Mi Lin Bang
bo co v hot ng phm php i vi lut nhp c bng cch truy cp
www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov.

23

Nhng Hu Qu Ca Hnh Vi Phm Ti

Hnh S i Vi Thng Tr Nhn
Hoa K l mt x hi tn trng php lut. Thng tr nhn Hoa K phi tun th mi lut php. Nu qu
v l mt thng tr nhn tham gia vo hoc b kt n hnh s Hoa K, qu v c th gp nhng vn
nghim trng. Qu v c th b trc xut khi Hoa K, b t chi ti nhp cnh vo Hoa K nu qu v ri
nc ny, mt tnh trng thng tr nhn v trong mt s trng hp, mt iu kin cng dn Hoa K.
Nhng hnh ng phm php c th nh hng n
tnh trng thng tr nhn ca qu v bao gm:

Mt ti hnh c nh ngha l ti i hnh c yu

t gia trng, bao gm nhng ti bo lc i hnh
c mc n mt nm t giam;

C st;

Hip dm;

Cng bc tnh dc vi tr em;

Bun bn bt hp php ma ty, v kh, hoc bun

ngi; v
Ti sa a v o c, ni chung l cc ti phm vi mc ch trm cp hoc la o; ti phm gy
thng tch hay hm da gy thng tch; nhng hnh vi phm php liu lnh gy ra thng tch nghim
trng; hoc cc ti phm v tnh dc.

Cng c nhiu hu qu nghim trng i vi thng tr nhn nu qu v:

Gian di c li cho vic nhp c ca chnh mnh hoc cho ngi khc;

T nhn l cng dn Hoa K trong khi qu v khng phi l nh vy;

i b phiu trong mt cuc tranh c lin bang hoc a phng ch dnh ring cho cng dn Hoa K;

L mt ngi thng xuyn say xn hoc nhng ngi thng xuyn say ru hoc s dng ma ty bt
hp php;
Kt hn cng mt lc vi hn mt ngi;

24

Ln trnh trch nhim nui nng gia nh hoc khng tr tin nui con hoc
nui ngi hn phi khi c lnh ca ta n;
B bt gi v ti bo lc gia nh (ti bo lc gia nh l khi c ai hnh hung
hoc quy ri mt ngi thn trong gia nh, bao gm trng hp vi phm
lnh bo v ca ta n);
Di tr hoc xut trnh giy t gi mo nhn tr cp cng ng hoc la
o c quan chnh ph;
Khng khai thu khi c yu cu;
C tnh khng ng k vi S Qun V nu qu v l nam gii t 18 n 26
tui; v
Gip ngi khc khng phi l cng dn hoc khng c quc tch Hoa K
nhp cnh tri php vo Hoa K ngay c khi ngi l thn nhn v gip
min ph.

Nu qu v phm php hoc b kt n, qu v nn tham vn lut s chuyn

lut di tr c uy tn hoc mt t chc cng ng cung cp dch v php l cho
ngi nhp c trc khi np n xin tr cp nhp c khc. Hy xem 21
bit cch tm dch v tr gip php l.

25

26

nh C Hoa K
Phn ny cung cp thng tin c th gip qu v thch nghi vi i sng Hoa K. Qu v s tm hiu v vic
xin S An Sinh X Hi, tm kim nh v cng n vic lm, cch tm dch v chm sc con em v i li ti
Hoa K.

27
27

Xin S An Sinh X Hi
L mt thng tr nhn, qu v hi iu kin nhn S An Sinh X Hi, y l
s do chnh ph Hoa K cp cho qu v. S ny gip chnh quyn theo di thu
nhp ca qu v v cc tr cp qu v c th c hng. S An Sinh X Hi
cng c cc t chc ti chnh v nhng c quan
khc, nh trng hc, s dng nhn dng qu v.
Qu v c th phi cung cp S An Sinh X Hi khi
thu cn h hoc mua nh.
An Sinh X Hi l chng trnh ca chnh ph Hoa
K tr cp cho mt s ngi lao ng ngh hu
v gia nh ca h; mt s ngi lao ng khuyt
tt v gia nh h; v mt s thn nhn ca ngi
lao ng qua i. C quan chnh ph ph trch
chng trnh An Sinh X Hi c gi l S An Sinh
X Hi (SSA).
Tm vn phng An Sinh X Hi gn ni ca qu v
nht bng cch:

Xem trn trang web ca SSA, www.socialsecurity.gov. c ting Ty

Ban Nha, vui lng truy cp www.segurosocial.gov/espanol. Trang web ny
cn c thng tin hn ch bng mt s ngn ng khc.
Gi 1-800-772-1213 hoc 1-800-325-0778 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh) t
7 gi sng ti 7 gi ti. C c dch v thng dch min ph.

Nu Qu V Khng Ni c Ting Anh

Vn phng An Sinh X Hi c th cung cp thng dch vin min ph gip
qu v np n xin S An Sinh X Hi. Khi qu v gi cho vn phng An Sinh X
Hi, hy ni vi ngi tr li in thoi rng qu v khng ni c ting Anh.
H s tm thng dch vin gip qu v. Qu v cng c th nhn c s tr
gip ca thng dch vin khi qu v n vn phng An Sinh X Hi.
Trang web ca S An Sinh X Hi c nhng thng tin hu ch cho nhng ngi
mi ti Hoa K. Ti trang web ny c phn "Other Languages" (Nhng ngn
ng khc) a thng tin v An Sinh X Hi bng mt s ngn ng. Vui lng truy cp
www.socialsecurity.gov; i vi ting Ty Ban Nha, vui lng truy cp www.segurosocial.gov/espanol.

28

Qu v khng cn in n xin hoc n vn phng An Sinh X Hi xin S

An Sinh X Hi nu tt c nhng iu kin sau y p dng cho qu v:

Qu v xin th hoc S An Sinh X Hi khi lm n xin th thc nhp c;

Qu v lm n xin th thc nhp c trong thng 10 nm 2002 hoc sau
; v
Qu v t 18 tui tr ln khi ti Hoa K.

Trong trng hp ny, thng tin cn thit cp S An Sinh X Hi cho qu v

c B Ngoi Giao v B An Ninh Ni a gi ti S An Sinh X Hi (SSA).
S An Sinh X Hi s cp cho qu v S An Sinh X Hi v gi th An Sinh X
Hi ca qu v qua ng bu chnh ti cng a ch m USCIS s dng
gi th Thng Tr Nhn cho qu v. Qu v s nhn c th An Sinh X Hi
trong vng ba tun sau khi ti Hoa K. Nu qu v khng nhn c th ca
mnh trong vng ba tun sau khi ti Hoa K, hy lin lc ngay vi SSA. Hy lin
lc ngay vi SSA nu qu v thay i a ch nhn th sau khi qu v ti nhng
trc khi qu v nhn c th An Sinh X Hi.
Qu v phi n vn phng An Sinh X Hi xin S An Sinh X Hi nu c bt
k iu kin no sau y p dng cho qu v:

Qu v khng yu cu cp S An Sinh X Hi hoc th An Sinh X Hi khi

xin th thc nhp c;

Qu v np n xin th thc nhp c trc thng 10 nm 2002; hoc

Qu v di 18 tui khi ti Hoa K.

Mt i din An Sinh X Hi s gip qu v np n xin S An Sinh X Hi.

Mang theo giy t sau y khi qu v ti vn phng An Sinh X Hi np
nxin:

Giy khai sinh hoc nhng giy t khc nh h chiu cho bit nm sinh v
ni sinh.
Giy t cho bit tnh trng nhp c, bao gm c giy php lao ng ti Hoa
K. Giy t ny c th l Th Thng Tr Nhn hoc h chiu c ng du
nhp c hoc nhn th thc.

S An Sinh X Hi s gi cho qu v S An Sinh X Hi qua ng bu in.

Qu v s nhn c th An Sinh X Hi khong hai tun sau khi S An Sinh
X Hi nhn c y cc giy t cn thit cho n xin ca qu v. Nu SSA
cn xc minh bt k ti liu no th s mt thm thi gian nhn S An Sinh
XHi.

29

Tm Ch
Hoa K, qu v c th chn ni mnh mun sinh sng. Nhiu ngi sng
chung vi bn b hoc ngi thn trong gia nh khi h mi ti. Nhng ngi
khc chuyn ra ring.
Hoa K, hu ht mi ngi tiu tn khong 25% thu nhp tr tin nh.
Di y l mt s la chn nh khc nhau m qu v c th cn nhc.

Thu Nh
Qu v c th tm thu nhng cn h hoc nh. Qu v c th tm bng mt s
cch:

Tm nhng bng hiu Cn H Cho Thu (Apartment Available)

hoc Cho Thu (For Rent) trn nhng ta nh.
Hi thm bn b, b con hoc ng nghip bit nhng ni cho
thu.
Tm cc thng bo Cho Thu ti ni nhng ni cng cng, nh
bng tin trong th vin, tim tp ha v trung tm cng ng.
c nhng mc cho thu nh trn mng Internet. Nu khng c
my tnh nh, qu v c th s dng my tnh trong th vin
cng cng ti a phng.
Xem trn nhng trang vng trong danh b in thoi ti mc
Qun L Bt ng Sn (Property Management). y l nhng
cng ty cho thu cn h v nh. Nhng cng ty ny c th tnh l
ph cho vic gip qu v tm nh.
Tm mc Rao Vt (Classifieds) trn bo. Tm trang lit k Cn
H Cho Thu (Apartments for Rent) hoc Nh Cho Thu
(Homes for Rent). Nhng trang ny s c thng tin v nh v cn
h cho thu.
Gi n mt nhn vin a c a phng.

Gi 311 bit Thng tin v Dch v ca Thnh ph hoc Th trn

Ti nhiu thnh ph v th trn, qu v c th gi 311 tm cc dch v khng
khn cp ca chnh quyn. V d, qu v c th gi 311 hi v thu nht rc
hoc yu cu va h cn c sa cha. Mt s ni khng cung cp dch v
311. Gi chnh quyn thnh ph v th trn xem c 311 trong khu vc ca qu
v hay khng.

30

Phi Chun B Nhng G Khi Thu Nh

Mc ny phc tho nhng bc khc nhau m qu v c th gp phi trc
khi chuyn ti nh mi. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.hud.gov
hoc c ting Ty Ban Nha, mi vo www.espanol.hud.gov.
Np n Xin Thu Nh: Nhng ngi thu nh
c gi l ngi i thu. L ngi i thu, qu v
phi thu nh trc tip t ch nh (ch s hu bt
ng sn) hoc thng qua ngi qun l bt ng
sn (ngi chu trch nhim v bt ng sn ).
Ch nh hoc ngi qun l bt ng sn c th
ngh qu v in n xin thu nh, trong xc nh
liu qu v c tin thanh ton thu nh hay khng.
n xin ny c th yu cu s An Sinh X Hi v
giy t chng minh rng qu v ang c vic lm. Qu
v c th s dng Th Thng Tr Nhn nu qu v
cha c s An Sinh X Hi hoc qu v c th xut
trnh cung phiu lng t cng vic chng minh
mnh ang c vic lm. Qu v c th phi tr mt
khon l ph nh khi np n xin.
Nu qu v vn cha i lm, c th qu v s nh ai k tn chung vo bn hp
ng thu nh ca mnh. Ngi ny c gi l ngi ng k tn. Nu qu v
khng th tr tin thu nh th ngi ng k tn chu trch nhim tr.
K Hp ng Thu Nh: Nu ch nh ng cho qu v thu nh, qu v s
k hp ng thu nh. Hp ng thu nh l mt vn bn php lut. Khi k hp
ng thu nh, qu v ng thanh ton tin nh ng hn v ng thu nh
trong mt thi gian nht nh. Hu ht cc hp ng thu nh c thi hn
mt nm. Qu v cng c th tm nh vi thi hn thu ngn hn chng hn
nh mt thng. Qu v c th phi tr tin nhiu hn cho hp ng thu nh
ngn hn.
Khi k hp ng thu nh, qu v chp thun gi cho nh sch s v c bo
qun tt. Nu qu v lm h hi ni thu, c th qu v phi tr thm mt khon
ph tn. Hp ng thu nh cng c th quy nh s ngi c th trong nh.
t Tin Th Chn: Ngi thu thng t tin th chn trc khi chuyn vo
nh. S tin ny thng bng s tin thu nh mt thng. Qu v s nhn li
tin th chn khi tr nh nu nh sch s v trong tnh trng tt. Nu khng, ch
nh c th gi mt phn hoc tt c s tin ny tr cho vic lau chi hoc
sacha.

31

Hy kim tra nh hoc cn h trc khi qu v dn vo. Ni cho ch nh bit v

bt c vn no m qu v tm thy. Trc khi dn i hy hi ch nh bit
qu v cn phi sa hoc lm sch nhng g c hon tr ton b tin th
chn ca mnh.
Tr Cc Chi Ph Khc Khi Thu Nh: i vi mt s nh hoc cn h, tin thu
bao gm c nhng chi ph tin ch nh gas, in, si m, nc v rc. i
vi nhng nh thu khc, qu v phi tr ring cho nhng chi ph ny. Khi qu v
tm nh , hy hi ch nh xem gi thu bao gm chi ph tin ch cha. Nu
gi thu bao gm chi ph tin ch, hy m bo thng tin ny nm trong hp
ng thu trc khi qu v k. Nu tin nh khng bao gm tin ch, qu v hy
tm hiu nhng khon ny s tn bao nhiu trc khi qu v k hp ng. Chi ph
ca mt s tin ch s cao hn vo ma h ( dng my lnh) hoc ma ng
( dng my si). i khi, c sn bo him cho ngi thu, cn c coi l
bo him cho ngi i thu. Bo him ny bo v nhng ti sn c nhn, mang
ti s bo v ngha v ti chnh v c th bao tr chi ph sinh hot b sung nu
ngi nh qu v thu b ph hy hoc h hi.
Kt Thc Hp ng Thu Nh: Kt thc mt hp ng thu nh c gi l
chm dt hp ng thu nh. Nu qu v cn chm dt hp ng thu sm
hn d kin, qu v s phi tr tin thu hng thng cho n khi chm dt hp
ng ngay c khi qu v khng cn tip tc na. Cng c th qu v khng
ly li c tin th chn nu qu v chuyn i trc khi ht hp ng thu.
Trc khi qu v ri i, hy gi thng bo bng vn bn cho ch nh bo
rng qu v sn sng chuyn i. Hu ht ch nh i hi bn thng bo t
nht 30 ngy trc khi qu v mun chuyn i. Trc khi qu v k hp ng
thu, hy m bo l qu v hiu cc iu khon v hi xem qu v phi thng
bo vi ch nh ra sao trc khi chuyn i.

Nu Vn Sa Cha Nh Vi Ch Nh
Ch nh phi gi nh hoc cn h m qu v thu an ton v tnh trng tt. Nu qu v cn sa nh:

u tin, hy ni cho ch nh bit. Ni cho ch nh v trc trc v rng qu v cn sa cha. Nu ch

nh khng tr li, hy vit th cho ngi v trc trc cn sa. T gi bn sao th.

Nu ch nh vn khng tr li yu cu ca qu v th gi cho Vn Phng Nh a phng. Phn ln

cc chnh quyn a phng hoc thnh ph u c ngi kim tra nhng vn v nh . ngh Vn
Phng Nh gi kim tra vin ti thm nh qu v. Ch cho kim tra vin thy tt c nhng th b h
hng.

Nu ch nh khng sa (nhng) h hng, qu v c th lm n kin h.

32

LI
KHUYN

Nu qu v thay i ch , qu v nn bo cho Bu in Hoa K (U.S. Postal

Service) h c th gi chuyn tip th ca qu v n a ch mi. thay
i a ch trc tuyn, vui lng truy cp www.usps.com/umove hoc ti bu
in a phng ca qu v. ng qun rng qu v cng phi np Mu n
AR-11, Thay i a Ch cho USCIS. Xem hng dn trang 19.

Hiu R Quyn Ca Qu V: Khng c Php Phn Bit i X Trong

Vn Nh
Ch nh khng c php t chi cho thu nh v l do nhn thn ca qu v. Ch nh vi phm php lut
nu t chi qu v v:

Chng tc hoc mu da;

Ngun gc quc gia;

Tn gio;

Gii tnh;

Khuyt tt; hoc

Tnh trng gia nh.

Nu qu v cm thy mnh b t chi v nh v bt k l do no cp trn y, hy lin h vi B Gia

C V Pht Trin Th Hoa K (HUD) qua in thoi s 1-800-669-9777 hoc 1-800-927-9275 (dnh cho
ngi khim thnh). Qu v cng c th np h s khiu ni trong mc Nh Cng Bng trong
www.hud.gov. Thng tin hin c bng mt s ngn ng.

Mua Nh
Vic s hu nh l mt trong nhng c m ca Ngi M. Vic s hu mt cn
nh mang li nhiu li ch nhng cng nhiu trch nhim.
Nhn vin a c c th gip qu v tm mua mt cn nh. Hy hi bn b, ng
s nu h c th khuyn ngh nhn vin a c hoc gi nhn vin a c ti a
phng tm tn nhn vin. Hi nhn vin thng tho khu vc qu v mun mua
nh. C nhiu cch tm bt ng sn, nh tm kim trn Internet, tm bt ng sn
mc Rao vt trn bo, hoc tm bng hiu Bn Nh nhng khu ln cn m qu
v thch.

33

Hu ht mi ngi cn vay tin mua nh. Hnh thc vay ny c gi l vay

th chp. Qu v c th vay th chp ti mt ngn hng a phng hoc ti mt
cng ty cho vay th chp. Vay th chp c ngha l qu v c cho
vay tin vi li sut nht nh trong mt thi hn nht nh.
S tin li qu v tr trn khon vay th chp c th c
khu tr t thu thu nhp lin bang ca qu v.
Qu v cng cn mua bo him ch s hu nh gip
tr cho nhng thit hi c th xy ra sau ny vi nh
ca qu v. Bo him thng bao tr nhng thit hi
gy ra bi thi tit xu, ha hon hoc trm cp.
Qu v cng cn tr thu bt ng sn cn c vo gi
tr ca cn nh.
Nhn vin a c hoc lut s chuyn v a c c
th gip qu v tm ni vay tin th chp v mua bo
him. H cng c th gip qu v in vo cc mu n
mua nh. Nhn vin a c khng c tnh ph qu
v khi mua nh nhng qu v phi tr l ph cho lut s bt
ng sn gip qu v in cc mu n. Qu v cng s phi
tr l ph cho vic vay tin n th chp v np nhng mu n php
l cho tiu bang. Cc l ph ny c gi l cc chi ph hon tt hp ng sang
nhng bt ng sn. Nhn vin a c hoc ngi cho vay th chp phi ni
cho qu v bit cc khon l ph ny l bao nhiu trc khi qu v k vo cc mu
n cui cng sang nhng nh. c tr gip tm kim nhn vin a
c, tm khon vay, v chn bo him, mi qu v vo mc Mua Nh trong
www.hud.gov.

LI
KHUYN

34

T bo v qu v khi s la o v nhng k cho vay nng li i vi vay

th chp. Mt s k cho vay c th c gng li dng qu v, nh tnh thm
ph v qu v mi ti quc gia ny. C nhng iu lut bo v qu v khi b
gian ln, b tnh nhng chi ph khng cn thit, v b phn bit i x trong
vic mua nh. bit thm thng tin v la o cho vay v c t vn
phng nga chng, vui lng truy cp Mua Nh trong www.hud.gov.

Thng Tin Thm V Vic Mua Hoc Thu Nh

Vui lng truy cp mc Mua Nh trong trang web ca B Gia C V Pht Trin Th Hoa K (HUD) ti
www.hud.gov. Qu v cn c th tham vn chuyn gia t vn nh bng cch gi cho HUD s 1-800-5694287. Thng tin c sn bng ting Anh v ting Ty Ban Nha.
bit cc ngun hu ch khc, vui lng truy cp Trung Tm Thng Tin Cng Dn Lin Bang ti
http://publications.usa.gov.

Tm Vic Lm
C nhiu cch tm vic Hoa K. tng thm c hi tm vic, qu v c th:

Hi bn b, hng xm, gia nh hoc nhng ngi khc trong cng ng v

nhng ni ang tuyn ngi lm hoc nhng ni tt lm vic.
Tm vic trn mng Internet. Nu qu v s dng my tnh th vin th nhn
vin th vin c th gip qu v bt u.
Tm nhng bng Cn Ngi (Help Wanted) trn ca ca cc doanh nghip
a phng.
n Phng Tuyn Dng hoc Phng Nhn S ca nhng doanh nghip trong
vng hi xem h ang cn ngi hay khng.
Tm n nhng c quan cng ng qun l cc chng trnh dy ngh v
gip ngi nhp c tm vic.
c cc bng tin trong th vin a phng, ca hng tp phm v cc trung
tm cng ng tm thng bo v nhng ni cn ngi.
n hi ti phng dch v vic lm ca tiu bang hoc a phng.
c phn Rao Vt (Classifieds) trong mc Vic Lm (Employment) trn
bo.

35

LI
KHUYN

Khi qu v ang tm vic, qu v c th gp mt s cm by cng

vic. Mc d nhiu hng dch v vic lm hp php v c ch nhng
vn c nhng ni trnh by khng ng cc dch v ca h, a ra
nhng cho mi cng vic ht hn hoc gi mo, hoc tnh ph
tr trc rt cao cho cc dch v c th khng mang ti kt qu c
cng vic. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.ftc.gov/
jobscams.

Xin Vic
Hu ht nh tuyn dng s yu cu qu v in vo mt mu n xin vic. Mu
n ny c nhng cu hi v a ch, trnh hc vn v kinh nghim lm vic
trc y. Mu n cng c th yu cu thng tin v nhng ng nghip trc
y ca qu v, h c th khuyn ngh qu v. Nhng ngi ny c gi l
ngi gii thiu, v nh tuyn dng c th mun gi cho h tm hiu thm v
qu v.
Qu v c th cn lm l lch (resum) lit k nhng kinh nghim lm vic ca
mnh. Bn l lch gii thiu cho nh tuyn dng bit v nhng vic lm trc y,
trnh hc vn hoc qu trnh hun luyn, v cc k nng lm vic ca qu v.
Khi np n xin vic, hy mang theo l lch.
Mt bn l lch tt cn phi nh sau:

C tn, a ch v s in thoi ca qu v, v a
ch email;
Lit k nhng vic lm trc y cng vi ngy
thng qu v lm vic;

Cho bit trnh hc vn ca qu v;

Cho bit v nhng k nng c bit cu qu v; v

D c v khng mc li.

Hy tm n nhng c quan dch v cng ng ti

a phng xem h c th gip qu v vit l lch hay
khng. Cng c nhng c s thng mi t nhn c
th gip, nhng h s thu l ph. bit thm thng tin v xin vic, vui lng truy
cp www.careeronestop.org.

36

C Cc Khon Tr Cp No?
Ngoi tin lng, mt s nh tuyn dng cn tr thm nhng khon tr cp. Nhng khon tr cp c th
bao gm:

Chm sc y t

Chm sc nha khoa

Chm sc nhn khoa

Bo him nhn th

Qu lng hu

Nh tuyn dng c th tr mt phn hoc ton b nhng khon chi ph ca cc khon tr cp ny. Nu qu
v c cho mi cng vic, hy hi nh tuyn dng nhng tr cp no m nhn vin s c nhn.

Phng Vn Vic Lm
Nh tuyn dng c th mun gp mt qu v ni chuyn v cng vic m qu
v ang xin. H s hi v cng vic m qu v lm trc y v cc k nng
ca qu v. chun b cho bui phng vn ny, qu v c th tp tr li cc cu
hi v cng vic trc y v v cc k nng ca mnh vi mt ngi bn hoc
ngi thn trong gia nh. Qu v cng c th hi nh tuyn dng vo cui bui
phng vn. y l mt c hi tt tm hiu v cng vic.
Nhng iu qu v c th mun hi:

Qu v m t ra sao v mt ngy lm vic in hnh ca v tr ny?

Ti s c o to hay lm quen vi cng vic nh th no?

Cng vic ny ph hp vi t chc ch no?

Qu v m t mi trng lm vic th no?

Qu v xem cc kha cnh tch cc v kha cnh th thch ca v tr ny l g?

Trong cuc phng vn, nh tuyn dng c th hi qu v nhiu cu hi nhng

nh tuyn dng khng c php hi mt s cu nht nh. Khng ai c
php hi v chng tc, mu da, gii tnh, tnh trng hn nhn, tn gio, ngun
gc quc gia, tui tc hoc tnh trng khuyt tt nu c ca qu v. bit thm
thng tin v quy trnh phng vn cng vic, vui lng truy cp www.dol.gov.

37

Hiu R Quyn Ca Qu V: Php Lut Lin Bang Bo V Nhn Vin

Hoa K c mt s o lut lin bang cm nh tuyn dng phn bit i x nhng ngi tm vic v bo v
h chng li s tr a v cc hnh thc phn bit i x khc ti ni lm vic.

o Lut V Quyn Cng Dn cm phn bit i x da trn chng tc, mu da, gii tnh, tn gio,
ngun gc quc gia, hoc vic mang thai.

o Lut Chng Phn Bit i X V L Do Tui Tc Trong Vn Vic Lm cm phn bit i x da

vo tui tc.

o Lut Bo V Ngi M Khuyt Tt v o Lut Phc Hi Chc Nng cm phn bit i x da vo.

o Lut Bo m Tin Lng Cng Bng cm phn bit i x da vo gii tnh.

o Lut Cm Phn bit i X V Thng tin Di truyn cm phn bit i x da vo thng tin di truyn.

bit thm thng tin v nhng bin php bo v ny, vui lng truy cp trang web ca y Ban C Hi Vic
Lm Bnh ng Hoa K ti www.eeoc.gov hoc gi s 1-800-669-4000 v 1-800-669-6820 (dnh cho ngi
khim thnh).
C nhng o lut khc gip gi an ton ni lm vic, cho php tm ngh trong trng hp c vn
khn cp trong gia nh hoc y t, v c tr cp tm thi cho ngi tht nghip. Vui lng truy cp trang web
ca B Lao ng Hoa K ti a ch www.dol.gov bit thm thng tin v quyn ca ngi lao ng.
Ngoi ra, cc o lut lin bang bo v nhn vin khi s phn bit i x da vo ngun gc quc gia
hoc tnh trng cng dn. bit thm thng tin v nhng bo v ny, hy gi Vn Phng Lut S Chuyn
Trch V Thc Hnh Vic Lm Khng Bnh ng Lin Quan n Nhp C thuc B T Php Hoa K theo
s 1-800-255-7688 hoc 1-800-237-2515 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh). Nu qu v khng ni c ting
Anh, s c thng dch vin tr gip. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.justice.gov/crt/osc.

Phi Chun B G Khi Qu V c Tuyn Dng

Khi qu v ti ch lm mi ln u tin, qu v s c yu cu in vo mt s
mu n. Cc mu n ny bao gm:

38

Mu n I-9, Xc Nhn Hi iu Kin Lm Vic: Theo lut, nh tuyn

dng phi xc nhn tt c cc nhn vin mi tuyn dng hi iu kin
lm vic ti Hoa K. Trong ngy lm vic u tin, qu v s phi in vo
Mc 1 ca Mu n I-9. Qu v khng phi in vo Mc 1 nu cha c
chp nhn cng vic. Trong vng ba ngy lm vic, qu v phi cung cp
cho nh tuyn dng giy t chng minh cho thy danh tnh v giy php lm
vic ca qu v. Qu v c th chn (nhng) giy t chng minh quyn lm
vic ti Hoa K, min l nhng giy t ny c lit k trong Mu n I-9.
Nh tuyn dng s cung cp cho qu v danh sch cc giy t c chp

nhn. V d cho cc giy t c th c chp nhn l Th Thng Tr

Nhn hoc th An Sinh X Hi khng b hn ch cng vi bng li xe do
tiu bang cp. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp I-9 Central ti
www.uscis.gov/I-9Central.

Mu n W-4, Giy Chng Nhn Cho Php Khu Tr Lng ca Nhn

Vin: Nh tuyn dng phi tr thu lin bang t tin lng ca qu v
gi ln chnh quyn. y gi l thu tm thu. Mu n W-4 cho php Nh
tuyn dng khu tr thu tm thu v gip qu v xc nh khon tin ng
tm thu sao cho ha n thu ca qu v khng vo din ti hn phi tr
tt c mt ln ti hn vo cui nm.

Nhng Mu n Khc: Qu v cng cn in vo mt mu n cho php

khu tr thu tm thu cho tiu bang mnh ang sng v cc mu n khc
sau ny qu v c th lnh tin tr cp.

Qu v c th c tr lng hng tun, hai tun mt ln hoc hng thng. Chi

phiu tr lng cho qu v cho thy s tin c trch ra ng thu cho lin
bang v tiu bang, thu An Sinh X Hi, v chi ph cho bt c khon tr cp no
m qu v tr. Mt s nh tuyn dng s gi lng trc tip n ngn hng
ca qu v, y gi l tr trc tip vo ti khon.

Xc Nhn Qu V Hi iu Kin Lm Vic

E-Verify l mt h thng trn Internet m nh tuyn dng s dng so snh
thng tin t Mu n I-9, Xc Nhn Hi iu Kin Lm Vic ca nhn vin,
vi cc h s ca USCIS v S An Sinh X Hi (SSA) xc nhn nhn vin
c php lm vic ti Hoa K. Mt s nh tuyn dng phi tham gia trong
E-Verify; mt s nh tuyn dng khc t nguyn tham gia. tm hiu thm v
E-Verify, vui lng truy cp www.uscis.gov/e-verify.

T Xc Nhn Qu V Hi iu Kin
Self Check l mt ng dng min ph trn Internet m qu v c th s dng
kim tra iu kin lm vic ca mnh nu qu v ang Hoa K v trn 16 tui.
Sau khi qu v nhp thng tin theo yu cu, Self Check s so snh thng tin
vi cc c s d liu ca chnh ph xc nh iu kin lm vic ca qu v
ti Hoa K. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.uscis.gov/selfcheck,
hoc www.uscis.gov/selfcheck/Espanol dnh cho ting Ty Ban Nha.

39

Ni Ting Anh Ti Ni Lm Vic

Nu qu v khng ni c ting Anh, hy c gng hc cng sm cng tt. Qu
v c th tm nhng lp ting Anh min ph hoc gi thp trong cng ng, thng
thng qua cc trng cng lp ti a phng hoc i hc cng ng. Bit
ting Anh s gip qu v trong cng vic, trong cng ng v trong cuc sng
hng ngy. Xem trang 68 bit thm thng tin v vic hc ting Anh.
Nu nh tuyn dng bt buc qu v phi ni ting Anh
ni lm vic, h phi chng minh c rng qu v phi ni
ting Anh mi c th thc hin ng phn vic ca mnh. Nh
tuyn dng cng phi ni vi qu v v yu cu phi bit ting
Anh trc khi qu v c nhn vo lm vic. Nu nh tuyn
dng khng th chng minh c rng vic ni ting Anh l
bt buc i vi cng vic ca qu v th c th h ang vi
phm php lut lin bang. Nu qu v cn s tr gip hoc
thm thng tin, qu v c th lin h y Ban C Hi Vic Lm
Bnh ng Hoa K (EEOC). Gi 1-800-669-4000 hoc
1-800-669-6820 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh) hoc truy cp
www.eeoc.gov.

Xt Nghim Ma Ty V Kim Tra L Lch

i vi mt s cng vic, qu v c th phi lm xt nghim m bo rng
qu v hin khng s dng ma ty bt hp php. Mt s cng vic i hi qu v
phi qua cuc kim tra lai lch, l vic thm tra nhng vic lm trong qu kh
v hon cnh hin ti ca qu v.

Lut Lin Bang Bo V Ngi Lao ng Nhp C

Nhiu ngi nhp c (bao gm c thng tr nhn) v mi cng dn Hoa K u c bo v chng li
phn bit i x ti ni lm vic. Lut lin bang quy nh rng nh tuyn dng khng c phn bit i x
v tnh trng nhp c ca qu v. Nh tuyn dng khng th:

T chi tuyn dng hoc sa thi qu v do tnh trng nhp c hoc do qu v khng phi l cng dn Hoa K.

Yu cu qu v xut trnh Th Thng Tr Nhn hoc t chi giy t cp php lao ng ca qu v.

Thu nhn vin khng c giy t chng minh.

K th qu v do ngun gc quc tch hoc ngun gc quc gia.

Tr th nhng nhn vin khiu ni v cc cch i x ni trn.

bit thm thng tin v quyn ca qu v hoc np h s khiu ni, hy gi Vn Phng Lut S Chuyn
Trch V Thc Hnh Vic Lm Khng Bnh ng Lin Quan n Nhp C thuc B T Php Hoa K s
1-800-255-7688 hoc 1-800-237-2515 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh). Nu qu v khng ni c ting Anh,
s c thng dch vin tr gip. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.justice.gov/crt/osc.

40

Chm Sc Con Em
ng tr em nh mt mnh. Nu qu v phi lm vic v c con cn qu
nh cha th i hc, qu v cn tm ngi gi tr trong khi qu v i lm. i khi,
tr em trong tui i hc cn c ngi gi tr sau khi i hc v. Nu qu v
hoc nhng thnh vin khc trong gia nh khng th trng nom con ci, th qu
v cn phi tm ngi chm sc tr em. Nu khng, s c nhng hu qu php
l nghim trng. bit thm thng tin v php lut v hng dn ti tiu bang
ca qu v, vui lng lin h vi c quan dch v bo v tr em ti a phng.

Tm Ngi Chm Sc Con Em

Chn ai chm sc con mnh l mt quyt nh
quan trng. Khi qu v c quyt nh ny, hy ngh
n cht lng v gi c ca vic chm sc. C
gng tm ngi gi tr gn nh hoc ni lm vic
ca qu v.
Qu v c th s dng nhiu ngun thng tin tm
ngi gi tr tt. Hy hi nhng ph huynh khc,
bn b, v ng nghip s dng dch v chm sc
con ci. Mt s tiu bang c c quan gii thiu dch
v chm sc con em c th cho qu v mt danh
sch nhng chng trnh chm sc con em c
tiu bang cp giy php. Nhng chng trnh chm
sc con em c cp php ny p ng cc tiu
chun c th c quy nh bi tiu bang bo v con ci ca qu v. Qu v
cng c th gi vn phng s hc chnh a phng bit ni nhng tr em
khc trong khu ph qu v c chm sc.

LI
KHUYN
Nu qu v cn tm chng trnh chm sc con em tt trong khu vc, vui
lng truy cp www.usa.gov/Topics/Parents-Care.shtml.

41

Cc Loi Hnh Chm Sc Con Em

Qu v c mt s la chn khi chn nh cung cp dch v chm sc con em, v d:

Ngi gi tr n nh qu v trng nom con ci cho qu v. Loi hnh dch v ny c th tn km, v

con ci ca qu v c chm sc nhiu hn. Cht lng chm sc ty thuc vo ngi qu v mn.

Con qu v c chm sc nh ngi khc cng nhm vi mt s t nhng a tr khc. Dch v ny

thng tn km hn so vi cc loi hnh chm sc con em khc. Cht lng chm sc ty thuc vo
ngi gi tr v s lng tr em m h ang chm sc ti nh.

Trung tm chm sc con em l nhng chng trnh trong trng hc, nh th hoc nhng t chc
tn ngng khc, v nhng ni khc. Nhng chng trnh ny thng mn vi ngi gi tr trng
chng nhng nhm nhiu tr em hn. Cc trung tm chm sc con em phi p ng c tiu chun
ca tiu bang v nhn vin tri qua kha o to c bit v c kinh nghim.

Chng Trnh Head Start, cn c gi l Early Head Start v Head Start, l nhng chng trnh do
chnh ph lin bang ti tr dnh cho cc gia nh c thu nhp thp. Nhng chng trnh ny cung cp
dch v chm sc v gio dc tr nh chun b cho chng n trng. tm hiu thm v nhng
chng trnh ny, hy gi cho B Y T V Dch V Nhn Sinh Hoa K theo s 1-866-763-6481 hoc truy
cp http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc.

Mt s nh cung cp dch v chm sc con em s chm sc tr c ngy hoc ch mt bui, ty thuc vo nhu
cu ca ph huynh. Qu v cng cn cn nhc n chi ph khi la chn ngi gi tr. Hy kim tra xem qu v c
iu kin nhn tr cp chm sc con em ca lin bang hay tiu bang hay khng. Nhiu tiu bang h tr
ti chnh cho nhng bc ph huynh c thu nhp thp ang lm vic hoc ang tham gia hc ngh hoc nhng
chng trnh gio dc. bit thm thng tin v tr cp chm sc con em ca lin bang hay tiu bang, vui lng
truy cp mc "Gio Dc v Chm Sc Con Em" (Education and Child Care) trong www.welcometousa.gov.

Lm Sao nh Gi Xem Mt Nh Cung Cp

Dch V Chm Sc Con Em Tt Hay Khng?
Hy ngh n nhng cu hi c bn sau y khi qu v n thm chng trnh
chm sc con em:

Tr em c v thch nhn vin gi tr hay khng?

C sn chi ph hp vi la tui tr em hay khng?

Tr em c chi nhng tr chi thch hp hay khng?

Nhn vin gi tr c ni chuyn vi con qu v lc n tham quan hay khng?

Ni gi tr c sch s v ngn np khng?

C chng trnh ging dy hoc thi kha biu sinh hot hng ngy cho tr
em khng?

Yu cu tn v s in thoi ca nhng ph huynh khc gi con vo chng

trnh ny qu v c th trao i vi h.

42

LI
KHUYN

Hy kim tra xem chng trnh hoc nh cung cp dch v chm sc con
em qu v ang s dng c cp php hoc c cng nhn hay
khng. Cc chng trnh c cp php c ngha l chng trnh p ng
c nhng tiu chun ti thiu v s an ton v cch chm sc m tiu
bang quy nh. Chng trnh c cng nhn p ng c nhng tiu
chun cao hn so vi nhng yu cu ly giy php ca tiu bang.

i Li Ti Hoa K
C nhiu cch i li ti Hoa K. Nhiu thnh ph c cc hnh thc
vn ti cng cng khc nhau nh xe but, tu (cng gi l tu
in ngm) hoc xe in. Ai cng c th i nhng loi xe
ny vi mt khon l ph nh. mt s ni, qu v c
th mua th i nhiu ln trn tu hoc xe but. Qu v
cng c th tr ring cho mi ln i. Taxi (taxicab hay
taxi) l loi xe hi a qu v i n ni mnh mun
vi mt khon ph. i taxi t hn nhiu so vi nhng
phng tin giao thng cng cng.

C Bng Li Xe
Li xe khng bng li l vi phm php lut. Nu qu v
mun li xe th qu v phi np n v xin ly bng li
xe. Qy v nhn bng li xe tiu bang qu v ang sng.
Hy hi vn phng tiu bang ph trch cp bng li xe
bit cch ly bng li xe. Nhng vn phng ny c t tn
khc nhau ty theo tiu bang. Mt s tn thng thng l Nha L Vn
(Department of Motor Vehicles, hay DMV), Nha Giao Thng (Department of
Transportation), Cc ng Kim Xe (Motor Vehicle Administration), hoc Nha
An Ton Cng Cng (Department of Public Safety). Qu v c th tm nhng vn
phng ny trong danh b in thoi hoc bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp
www.usa.gov/Topics/Motor_Vehicles.shtml.
Mt s thng tr nhn c bng li xe c cp mt quc gia khc. Qu v
c th i bng li xe thnh bng li xe ca tiu bang mnh . Hy tm hiu ti
vn phng tiu bang xem qu v c th i c hay khng.

43

Ti C Nn Mua Xe Hi Khng?
S hu xe hi c th l cch i li tin li. Ti Hoa K, qu v phi tr tin bo
him xe hi v ng k xe v cp bin xe. mt s thnh ph, xe c nhiu c
th lm cho vic li xe kh khn hn. Qu v nn cn nhc tt c cc chi ph v
li ch trc khi quyt nh mua xe. bit thm thng tin v mua xe, vui lng
truy cp mc i li v Ngh ngi (Travel and Recreation) trong www.usa.gov.

10 Li Khuyn Li Xe An Ton Hoa K

1. Li bn phi ng.
2. Lun mang theo bng li xe, ng k xe v th bo him trong xe.
3. Lun lun tht dy an ton.
4. S dng dy an ton thch hp v gh an ton cho tr em.
5. Bt n tn hiu khi quo tri hoc quo phi.
6. Tun th ton b lut giao thng v tn hiu giao thng.
7. T
 p vo l ng nu c xe khn cp xe cnh st, xe cu ha hoc xe cu thng cn qua mt
qu v.
8. Khng vt xe but a rc hc sinh khi n tn hiu mu ca xe ny nhp nhy.
9. Khng li xe nu ung ru hoc s dng ma ty.
10. Gim tc v tht cn thn khi ang li xe trong sng m, trn ng ng , ma hoc tuyt.

LI
KHUYN

44

Hoa K, bng li xe cn c s dng chng minh nhn thn. Nu

qu v cha c t hoc khng thng xuyn li xe th c bng li xe vn
l mt hay.

Nu khng bit li xe, qu v c th hc li. Nhiu trng cng ca s hc chnh

c nhng lp dy li xe. Qu v cng c th tm trong mc Hng Dn Li Xe
(Driving Instruction) trong nhng trang mu vng ca danh b in thoi.

LI
KHUYN

Vic qu giang xe khng ph bin Hoa K. mt s ni, vic ny l bt

hp php. V l do an ton, khng qu giang xe v khng cho ngi khc
qu giang trn xe ca mnh.

45

46

Qun L Tin Bc
Vic qun l tin bc ca qu v c th c tc ng ln ti tng lai ca qu v ti Hoa K. Mc ny bn tho
v ti chnh c nhn, tr tin thu v nhng cch m qu v c th t bo v bn thn v tin ca mnh.

47
47

Ti Chnh C Nhn
M Ti Khon Ngn Hng
Hoa K, c hai loi t chc ti chnh cung cp ti khon ti chnh c nhn l
ngn hng v lin hip tn dng.
Ti khon ngn hng l ni an ton qu v gi tin ca mnh. Ngn hng c
nhiu loi ti khon khc nhau. Ti khon vit chi phiu v ti khon tit kim l
hai loi ph bin. Qu v c th m mt ti khon c nhn hoc ti khon chung
vi ngi phi ngu hoc vi mt ngi khc. Ngn hng c th thu ph cho
mt s dch v ca h.
Lin hip tn dng l mt ni khc gi tin cho qu v. Nh tuyn dng ca
qu v c th c mt lin hip tn dng qu v tham gia hoc qu v c th
tham gia mt lin hip tn dng ni mnh . Cc lin hip tn dng cung cp phn
ln cc dch v ging nh ngn hng, nhng mt s ni cng c th c thm
cc dch v khc. Hy so snh dch v, l ph, phm vi bo him, gi lm vic v
a im ca vi ngn hng khc nhau trc khi qu v m ti khon, qu v
c th chn ngn hng thch hp nht cho cc nhu cu ca mnh.
Khi m ti khon ngn hng, qu v s c yu cu chng minh nhn thn ca
mnh. Qu v c th chng minh bng Th Thng Tr Nhn hoc bng li xe.
Qu v cng s cn gi t chc ti chnh mt s tin gi l tin gi (deposit)
vo ti khon mi ca qu v. Khi qu v lnh tin t ti khon, giao dch ny c
gi l rt tin. Qu v c th rt tin bng cch vit chi phiu, rt t my rt tin t
ng (ATM), hoc in vo mt phiu rt tin ti t chc ti chnh.

LI
KHUYN

Nhiu ca hng c dch v i chi phiu ly tin mt v chuyn tin nhanh

ra nc ngoi, nhng nhng ch ny tnh thm l ph. Hy hi li xem ngn
hng hoc lin hip tn dng ca qu v c cung cp nhng dch v ny vi
gi r hn hay khng.

Gi Tin An Ton
Vic mang theo khon tin ln bn mnh hoc tin nh l khng an ton, n c th b mt cp hoc
tht lc. Nu qu v tin ngn hng hoc lin hip tn dng l thnh vin ca Cng Ty Bo Him Tin
Gi Lin Bang (FDIC) hoc c bo him bi Cc Qun L Lin Hip Tn Dng Quc Gia (NCUA), th tin
ca qu v s c bo him ti $250.000. Khi chn mt t chc ti chnh, hy chc chn l thnh vin
ca FDIC hoc c NCUA bo him. thng tin, vui lng truy cp www.fdic.gov hoc www.ncua.gov.

48

S Dng Ti Khon Ngn Hng

Qu v c th rt tin t ti khon ngn hng bng cch s dng chi phiu c
nhn, ATM hoc th ghi n. Hy m bo rng ch qu v v ngi ng tn
chung ti khon vi qu v (nu c) c th s dng ti khon ca qu v.
Chi Phiu C Nhn: Qu v s nhn c mt s chi phiu c nhn khi m ti
khon dng sc. Chi phiu l bn mu in sn qu v in vo khi chi tr cho
nhng chi ph no . Thng tin ghi trn chi phiu bo cho t chc ti chnh bit
h chi tr cho c nhn hoc c s kinh doanh m qu v vit trn t chi
phiu. Gi nhng chi phiu ny ni an ton v hi t chc ti chnh ca qu v
cch mua chi phiu mi khi qu v xi ht tp chi phiu c.
Th ATM: Qu v c th ngh t chc ti chnh cp th ATM. Th ATM l
mt th nha nh kt ni vi ti khon ngn hng ca qu v. Qu v c th s
dng th ny rt tin mt hoc gi tin vo ti khon ca qu v ti mt ATM.
Thng th qu v khng phi tr l ph khi s dng ATM ca t chc ti chnh
ca mnh. Qu v hu nh s b tnh ph nu dng ATM do t chc ti chnh khc
s hu v vn hnh.
Nhn vin t chc ti chnh s hng dn cch s dng th ATM v cho qu
v mt s c bit gi l PIN (s nhn dng c nhn) s dng ATM. Hy cn
thn khi s dng ATM. ng bao gi a cho ai m PIN hoc th ATM v ngi
c th dng n ly tin t ti khon ngn hng ca qu v.
Th Ghi N: T chc ti chnh s cp cho qu v mt th ghi n (debit card)
s dng cho ti khon dng chi phiu. i khi, th ATM cng c th c s
dng nh th ghi n. ng bao gi a cho ai m PIN hoc th ghi n v ngi
c th dng n ly tin t ti khon ngn hng ca qu v. Qu v c th
dng th ghi n tr tin cho hng ha mua ti ca hng v tin s c t
ng ly ra t ti khon vit chi phiu tr cho ca hng.
Chi Phiu Ca Th Qu V Chi Phiu Chng Thc: y l nhng chi
phiu m t chc ti chnh to ra theo yu cu ca qu v. Qu v gi mt s tin
vo t chc ti chnh v h vit mt t chi phiu ngn hng cho s tin gi
tr cho mt c nhn hoc c s kinh doanh m qu v mun tr tin. Cc t
chc ti chnh c th tnh ph cho nhng chi phiu ny. Hy hi t chc ti chnh
ca qu v v nhng ty chn khc sn c cho qu v.

49

LI
KHUYN

Qun l ti khon ngn hng ca qu v tht cn thn khng b pht sinh

ph thu chi. Thu chi s pht sinh khi qu v khng tin trong ti khon
thanh ton hoc rt tin. Kim tra vi t chc ti chnh ca qu v tm
ra cc ty chn v ph.

Th Tn Dng
Th tn dng (credit card) cho php qu v mua sm chu tr sau. Ngn hng, lin hip tn dng, ca hng v
trm xng l mt vi c s kinh doanh c th cp cho qu v th tn dng. Hng thng, qu v s nhn qua
ng bu in mt ho n tnh tin cho nhng mn hng qu v mua bng th tn dng. Nu qu v
tr ton b s tin ghi trong ho n khi nhn ha n th qu v s khng phi tr tin li. Nu qu v khng
tr ton b s tin ghi trong ha n hoc nu qu v chm tr vic tr tin th qu v s b tnh tin li v c
th phi tr thm mt khon ph. Mt s th tn dng c li sut rt cao v th hy kim tra cc ty chn th
tn dng khc nhau xc nh loi no l tt nht i vi qu v. Th tn dng cn c gi l th chi tiu
nhng chng khc nhau. Vi th chi tiu, qu v phi tr y s d mi thng nhng th tn dng cho
php qu v mang s d sang thng sau nu qu v khng tr ngay thng .
Hy cn thn khi cho ngi khc bit s th tn dng ca mnh, nht l qua in thoi hoc Internet. Hy
m bo rng qu v bit r v tin tng nhng ngi hoc nhng c s thng mi hi s th tn dng
ca qu v.

LI
KHUYN

Hy kim tra ho n tnh tin th tn dng mi thng chc chn tt c

cc khon tin phi tr l ng. Nu qu v thy mt khon tin phi tr
khng phi ca mnh, hy gi ngay lp tc cho cng ty pht hnh th tn
dng. Thng th qu v khng phi tr cho nhng khon m qu v khng
mua, min l qu v bo ngay cho cng ty pht hnh th tn dng.

Hy vit danh sch lit k s ca tt c ti khon ngn hng v th ghi n, th

ATM v th tn dng. Vit c s in thoi ca nhng cng ty ny. Gi thng tin
ny ni an ton v bo mt. Nu bp b ri mt hoc b nh cp, qu v c
th gi cho nhng cng ty ny yu cu hu tt c cc th ny. iu ny s ngn
chn ngi khc s dng bt hp php th ca mnh.
tm hiu thm v ti chnh c nhn, vui lng truy cp www.mymoney.gov.

50

Xp Loi Tn Dng Ca Qu V
Ti Hoa K, cch thc qu v s dng tn dng rt quan trng. C nhng t chc n nh im tn dng
(credit score) hoc xp loi tn dng (credit rating) cho qu v. im tn dng hoc xp loi tn dng ca qu
v tu thuc vo vic qu v thanh ton ha n nh th no, c bao nhiu khon vay, c bao nhiu th tn
dng v mt s yu t khc. Vic xp loi tn dng ny rt quan trng khi qu v mun mua nh, xe hi hoc
vay mt khon tin. Sau y l mt s vic qu v c th lm duy tr xp loi tn dng tt:

Thanh ton ho n ng hn.

Gi cho s tn vay trong th tn dng mc thp, v tr t nht mc ti thiu hng thng.

Theo lut lin bang, qu v c quyn ly mt bn bo co tn dng min ph mi nm mt ln. Nu qu v

mun xin mt bn bo co tn dng ca mnh, gi s 1-877-322-8228 hoc truy cp trang web
www.annualcreditreport.com.

ng Thu
Thu l s tin m mi ngi ng cho chnh quyn lin bang, tiu bang v a
phng. Thu tr cho nhng dch v c chnh ph cung cp. C nhiu loi
thu khc nhau, nh l thu thu nhp, thu bn hng v thu bt ng sn.
Thu Thu Nhp: Thu thu nhp c np cho chnh quyn lin bang, hu ht
cc chnh quyn tiu bang v mt s chnh quyn a phng. Thu nhp chu
thu l s tin m qu v kim c t tin lng, tin do lm ngh t do m c,
tin tip v tin bn bt ng sn. Hu ht mi ngi ng thu thu nhp
bng cch tr t lng ca h. S tin thu thu nhp qu v phi ng
ty thuc vo s tin qu v kim c. Nhng ngi lm ra t tin
c ng thu thu nhp mc thp hn. Bt c ai thng tr ti
Hoa K v c thu nhp, v p ng mt s yu cu nht nh, u
phi khai thu v tr bt c s tin thu no m h n.
S Thu V (Internal Revenue Service hay IRS) l c quan lin
bang thu thu thu nhp. Ngi np thu np Mu n 1040,
Hon Thu Thu Nhp C Nhn Hoa K cho IRS hng nm. Bn
khai thu cho chnh quyn bit s tin qu v kim c v s tin
thu tr ra t chi phiu tr lng ca qu v. Nu tin thu tr ra t
chi phiu tr lng qu nhiu, qu v s c hon tr li tin. Nu
tin thu tr ra t chi phiu tr lng qu t, qu v s phi tr IRS.

51

Thu An Sinh X Hi V Thu Chm Sc Y T (Medicare): Nhng khon thu

lin bang ny cng c tr t chi phiu tr lng ca qu v. Chng trnh
An Sinh X Hi tr cp cho mt s ngi lao ng ngh hu v gia nh ca
h; mt s ngi lao ng b khuyt tt v gia nh h; v mt s thn nhn ca
ngi lao ng qua i. Thu chm sc y t tr cho nhng dch v y t cho
hu ht nhng ngi trn 65 tui. Trong phn ln cc trng hp, qu v phi
lm vic tng cng 10 nm (hoc 40 qu) cuc i
c hng tr cp An Sinh X Hi dnh cho ngi
v hu v tr cp Medicare. Qu v c th lm vic
cha 10 nm m vn c nhn tin tr cp bnh
tt hoc gia nh ca qu v vn nhn c tin tut
sau khi qu v qua i cn c vo lng ca qu v.
Thu Bn Hng: Thu bn hng l thu ca tiu
bang v a phng. Nhng khon thu ny c
cng thm vo gi mua mn hng no . Thu bn
hng c tnh da trn gi ca mn hng. Khon
thu t thu bn hng gip chi tr cho cc dch v ca
chnh quyn tiu bang v chnh quyn a phng,
nh ng x, cnh st v cu ha.
Thu Bt ng Sn: Thu bt ng sn l loi thu a phng v tiu bang
thu trn nh v/hoc t ca qu v. Trong hu ht cc vng, thu bt ng sn
gip ti tr cho nhng trng hc cng lp a phng v nhng dch v khc.

Mu n W-2: Bo Co V Lng v Thu

Mu n W-2 l mu n ca lin bang lit k s tin qu v kim c v
nhng khon thu m qu v np nm trc. Mt nm thu c tnh t
ngy 1 thng 1 cho ti ngy 31 thng 12 hng nm. Theo lut, nh tuyn dng
phi gi cho qu v mt mu n W-2 trc ngy 31 thng 1 hng nm. Qu v
s nhn mu n W-2 cho mi cng vic qu v lm. Qu v phi gi bn sao
ca mu n W-2 cng vi bn khai thu thu nhp cho IRS. Nu qu v sng
hoc lm vic trong mt tiu bang c thu thu thu nhp, qu v phi gi bn sao
ca mu n W-2 cng vi bn khai thu thu nhp tiu bang ca qu v.

Tm S Gip V Vic Khai Thu

Vi t cch l mt thng tr nhn, qu v phi np bn khai hon thu thu nhp
lin bang hng nm. Bn khai thu ny bao gm cc khon thu nhp ca qu
v t thng 1 n thng 12 ca nm trc. Qu v phi np bn khai thu trc
ngy 15 thng 4. Qu v c th c gip min ph v cch khai thu Trung
Tm H Tr Ngi ng Thu ca IRS.

52

Trung Tm H Tr Ngi ng Thu c vn phng trong cc cng ng khp

Hoa K. tm Trung Tm H Tr Ngi ng Thu ni qu v sng, vui lng
truy cp trang web www.irs.gov/localcontacts/index.html. nhn tr gip
bng in thoi, hy gi IRS theo s 1-800-829-1040 hoc 1-800-829-4059
(dnh cho ngi khim thnh). bit danh sch tn dng thu hin ti, vui lng
truy cp www.benefits.gov.

Chnh Quyn Phc V Chng Ta Nh Th No

Thu chi tr cho nhng dch v m chnh ph lin bang cung cp cho ngi dn Hoa K. Mt s v d v
nhng dch v ny l:

Gn gi t nc chng ta an ton v vng chc;

Cha bnh v ngn nga cc loi bnh tt thng qua nhng nghin cu;

Gio dc cho tr em v ngi ln;

Xy dng v bo qun ng x v xa l;

Cung cp dch v y t cho c dn thu nhp thp v ngi gi; v

Tr gip khn cp khi c nhng thm ha thin nhin, nh bo, lt hoc ng t.

Bo V Bn Thn v Tin Bc
Trnh B Gi Danh
Gi danh ngha l ai n cp thng tin c nhn ca qu v, v d nh s An
Sinh X Hi hoc s ti khon ngn hng. H c th s dng thng tin ny
rt tin t ti khon ngn hng ca qu v hoc lm mt th tn dng ng tn
ca qu v. Gi danh l mt hnh vi phm php nghim trng. Hy t bo v cho
mnh bng nhng cch sau:

Ch cung cp thng tin c nhn ca mnh cho nhng ngi hoc c s kinh
doanh no m qu v bit r v tin tng, nht l trn in thoi hoc Internet.
Ct th An Sinh X Hi ni an ton trong nh. ng mang theo trong
ngi.
Ch mang theo nhng giy chng minh hoc th tn dng no cn thit lc .
Ct nhng giy t cn li ch an ton trong nh.

53

X vn nhng giy t hoc mu n c thng tin c nhn trc khi b vo

thng rc.
Chn mt khu ring cho tng ti khon. Khng dng chung mt khu v n
c th khin thng tin c nhn ca qu v gp ri ro.

t bo v mnh khi b gi danh, qu v hy gi ng Dy Nng v Ti Gi

Danh ca y Ban Thng Mi Lin Bang theo s 1-877-438-4338 hoc truy cp
www.consumer.ftc.gov/features/feature-0014-identity-theft.

Gi Mo (Phishing) V Cc Hnh Thc La o

Khc
Theo y Ban Thng Mi Lin Bang (FTC), gi mo l khi mt ngun khng
r gi email hoc tin nhn cho qu v c v nh di danh ngha doanh nghip
hoc t chc m qu v ang c lin h nh ngn hng, dch v thanh ton trc
tuyn hoc thm ch l c quan chnh ph. Tin nhn ny c th bao gm cc
ng dn ti cc trang web ngh qu v cp nht ti khon hoc thng tin c
nhn. Cc ng dn trong email ny lin kt ti trang web nhn ging nh ca
t chc hp php nhng thc ra khng phi vy. Nhng k la o to ra trang
web la ly danh tnh ca qu v t chng c th ly tin hoc phm ti
di tn ca qu v.
Xin lu rng la o qua in thoi nhm vo cc c nhn, bao gm c ngi
nhp c. K la o c th gi cho qu v v i tin hay e da qu v. Chng
chc chn s c mt s thng tin v qu v v s in thoi ca chng c th
trng ging nh ca mt vn phng. Cc c quan chnh ph s khng bao gi
gi cho qu v i tin hay e da qu v. Nu qu v nhn c cuc
gi nh vy, hy gc my v gi s in thoi chnh thc ca doanh
nghip hoc c quan chnh ph kim tra xem n c phi l la
o hay khng.
trnh b la o, sau y l mt s iu quan trng cn
nh:

Nu qu v nhn c email hoc thng bo t ng xut

hin trn mn hnh my tnh yu cu cung cp thng tin c
nhn hoc ti chnh, ng tr li.
ng a s ti khon hoc mt khu qua in thoi tr
khi qu v gi ti cng ty m qu v bit l uy tn. Nu qu v
c thc mc v mt cng ty, hy kim tra vi vn phng bo v
ngi tiu dng a phng hoc T Chc Kinh Doanh ng Tin
Cy (Better Business Bureau).
Kim tra sao k th tn dng v ti khon ngn hng ngay khi qu v nhn
c chng tm cc chi ph bt hp php.

54

Nu qu v c my tnh, hy dng phn mm dit virus v phn mm chng

gin ip cng nh tng la. Cp nht chng thng xuyn.
Cn trng khi m ti liu nh km hoc ti v tp tin t cc email. Nu qu v
khng bit ai gi tin nhn cho mnh th ng m (cc) ti liu nh km hoc
ti v tp tin t cc email.
Nu qu v nghi ng mt email hoc trang web l la o th hy bo co
thng tin ny ti ngn hng, cng ty hoc c quan chnh ph thc s.

Nu qu v tin rng mnh b la o, qu v c th np h s khiu ni qua

trang web ca FTC ti www.ftccomplaintassistant.gov. tm hiu thm v
cch trnh b la o trc tuyn v gii quyt cc tin nhn rc la di, vui lng
truy cp www.onguardonline.gov.

55

56

Hiu v Gio Dc v Chm Sc

Y T
Gio dc c th kt ni qu v v gia nh qu v vi cng ng. Phn ny m t cc trng hc ti M
cho tr em, thanh thiu nin v ngi ln. Phn ny cng tho lun cc h thng chm sc y t v cung
cp cc ngun lc qu v v gia nh c th nm r.

57
57

Gio Dc Ti Hoa K
m bo mi a tr u c chun b thnh cng, nc M c nn
gio dc cng lp min ph t mm non n ht lp 12 cho tt c hc sinh ti
M. Mt s cng ng cng to c hi cho tr em 3 tui hc mu gio. Phn ny
s gip qu v bit cch ghi danh nhp hc cho con mnh, cch vn hnh ca
cc trng hc ti M, v cch gip tr hc.
Phn ln nhng trng hc cng lp nc M l ng gio dc
(co-educational). ng gio dc ngha l hc sinh nam v hc sinh n cng
hc mt lp, tuy nhin, c mt s trng ch cho ghi danh hc cho mt gii:
nam hoc n. Hu ht cc trng thuc v mt hc khu, trong bao gm cc
trng khc nhau cho tr thuc cc tui khc nhau. Cc tui ca hc sinh
mi trng c th khc nhau gia cc cng ng.

Ghi Danh Cho Con Qu V Nhp Hc

Mt trong nhng vic u tin qu v nn lm l ghi danh cho con
nhp hc. Hy gi in thoi hoc ti tr s ca hc khu a
phng tm hiu xem b nn hc trng no. Hin ti, tt
c cc bang v Qun Columbia c cc iu lut nhp hc
bt buc. Nhp hc bt buc ngha l tt c tr cc
tui nht nh phi n trng. phn ln cc tiu
bang, cc lut ny bt buc tt c cc tr em tui
t 5 n 16 u phi n trng. Hy xc nhn vi
hc khu a phng qu v ang sng hoc s gio
dc tiu bang tm hiu cc tui cn n trng
tiu bang qu v.
Qu v c th gi con mnh n trng cng lp hoc
trng t thc. Nhng trng cng lp th min ph
v khng ging dy v tn gio. Tiu bang quyt nh
con qu v hc g trng cng lp, nhng hc khu a
phng, hiu trng, gio vin a phng v ph huynh
quyt nh phng php ging dy. Cc trng c cch l
loi hnh trng cng lp c bit, vn hnh c lp vi hc khu a
phng. Thu tiu bang v a phng, cng nh thu lin bang chi tr cho cc
trng cng.

58

Cc trng t thc l la chn khc dnh cho qu v gio dc con ci. Cc

trng t thc c cc nhm khng trc thuc chnh ph s hu v iu
hnh, bao gm cc nhm tn gio v phi tn gio. Nhn chung, hc sinh phi tr
mt khon l ph (gi l hc ph (tuition)) hc ti trng t thc. Trong mt
s trng hp, cc trng t thc h tr ti chnh cho nhng hc sinh khng
th tr hc ph. Trong cc trng hp cn li, qu cng c th c sn di hnh
thc phiu tr tin cho hc sinh hc ti trng t thc. Mt s trng t
thc nam n hc chung, trong khi mt s trng khc ch dnh cho nam sinh
hoc n sinh. Mt s bang ra yu cu xin cp php hoc ng k i vi cc
trng t thc, v nhiu trng t thc c th chn c chng thc bi
mt hip hi chng thc. hiu r hn v cc trng t thc, hy lin h vi
s gio dc tiu bang qu v.
Gio dc con ti nh l mt phng n khc. Phng n ny gi l trng hc
ti gia (home-schooling). Cc yu cu v trng hc ti gia khc nhau gia cc
tiu bang. Ph huynh quan tm n gio dc ti gia nn lin h vi s gio dc
tiu bang bit thm thng tin.
Phn ln tr em ti M hc ti trng cng lp khong 13 nm, t cp mm
non n ht lp 12. phn ln cc trng, con qu v s c xp lp (gi l
grade) cn c vo tui v trnh hc vn trc . i khi, trng hc c
th cho con qu v lm bi thi quyt nh chu nn hc lp no.

TRNG TI HOA K THNG C T CHC NH TH NO

Trng

Lp

Tui

Trng Tiu Hc

Mu Gio v Lp
1 n Lp 5 hoc Lp 1 n Lp 6

Tr Em t 5 n 11 tui

Trng Ph Thng C S

Lp 6 n Lp 8,
Lp 7 n Lp 8, hoc Lp 7 n
Lp 9

Thiu Nin t 11 n 14 tui

Trng Ph Thng Trung Hc

Lp 9 n Lp 12
hoc Lp 10 n Lp 12

V Thnh Nin t 14 n 18 tui

(v ln ti 21 tui trong mt s
trng hp)

Gio Dc i Hc

Cc Trng i Hc Cng ng
Cng Lp v T Thc,
Cc Trng Cao ng hoc i
Hc Hai Nm hoc Bn Nm, Cc
Trng Dy Ngh

Tt C Ngi Ln iu Kin
u C Th Hc

59

Mt s thc mc m ph huynh thng hi v trng hc cng lp bao gm:

Nm hc ko di bao lu?
Nm hc thng bt u vo thng 8 hoc thng 9 v kt thc vo thng 5 hoc
thng 6. mt s ni, tr em i hc c nm. Tr em i hc t th Hai n th
Su. Nhiu trng hc c chng trnh sinh hot trc hoc sau gi hc chnh
quy dnh cho tr em c ph huynh i lm. Qu v c th phi tr mt khon l
ph cho nhng chng trnh trc hoc sau gi hc chnh quy, tuy nhin mt s
dch v ph o c bit c th min ph hc khu ca qu v.

Ti ng k nhp hc cho con mnh u?

Hy gi in thoi hoc ti tr s ca hc khu a phng tm hiu xem b
nn hc trng no.

Ti cn nhng giy t g ng k nhp hc cho

con mnh?
Qu v cn h s y t ca b v giy t chng minh rng
b c chng nga mt s loi thuc nht nh (cng
c gi l shots) bo v b khi nhim bnh. Qu
v cng cn giy t nh danh, chng hn nh giy khai
sinh, v giy t chng minh qu v ang sng trong cng
cng ng vi trng hc. Nu qu v mt nhng giy
t ny, hy hi nhn vin trng hc bit cch xin
giy t mi. trnh chm tr, hy chun b nhng giy
t ny trc khi qu v n trng ghi danh nhp hc
cho con mnh.

Nu con ti khng ni ting Anh th sao?

Nu con qu v khng ni c ting Anh, th hc khu s nh gi cc
k nng ngn ng ca b. Sau trng s cung cp cho con qu v cc dch
v m b cn hc ting Anh cng nh tham gia vo cc chng trnh hc
tp trnh ph hp. Hc khu chu trch nhim cung cp cho con qu v cc
dch v thch hp p ng nhu cu ngn ng ca tr, v cng thng bo cho
qu v bng ngn ng qu v c th hiu v cc dch v m con qu v s nhn.
Qu v c th lin h vi trng ca con mnh hi v quy trnh ny. Ngoi cc
dch v ngn ng trong thi gian hc chnh quy, mt s trng cung cp cc
chng sau gi hc v ph o gip hc sinh ci thin ting Anh ngoi gi
ln lp. Trng hc ca con qu v s cho qu v bit h c thm nhng chng
trnh h tr no cho hc sinh hc ting Anh.

60

Nu con ti b khuyt tt th sao?

Tt c cc hc sinh ti M c quyn c nhn nn gio dc cng lp min ph,
cho d chng b khuyt tt. Nu con qu v b khuyt tt, b c th nhn c
gio dc c bit v min ph cng nh cc dch v lin quan. Con qu v s
c xp vo mt lp hc bnh thng nu ph hp vi nhu cu ca b. i
khi, con qu v c th cn gio dc c bit hoc cc dch v lin quan ngoi gi
hc chnh quy. Qu v c th tham gia khi nhn vin trng hc a ra cc quyt
nh mang tnh c nhn v cch gio dc tt nht cho con qu v. Trng chu
trch nhim lin h vi qu v v cc quyt nh ny bng ngn ng m qu v c
th hiu c. bit thm thng tin v cch truy cp cc dch v v cc ngun
lc khc, vui lng truy cp http://idea.ed.gov.

Con ti cha i hc trc khi n Hoa K. Chu c th theo hc

trng cng lp min ph bao lu?
phn ln cc tiu bang, hc sinh c th hc cc trng cng min ph cho
ti khi chng tt nghip ph thng trung hc hoc n mc tui ti a, thng
l 21 tui. Nu hc sinh di 22 tui, chng c th ng k nhp hc ph thng
trung hc v theo ui bng tt nghip ph thng chnh quy. Nu hc sinh cha
tt nghip bc ph thng trung hc trc khi 22 tui, hc sinh c th ng k
hc cc lp Nh Cp Ca Ngi Ln (ASE). Cc lp ASE gip chun b cho
hc sinh t c bng tng ng vi bng tt nghip ph thng trung hc
(chng hn nh Bng Pht Trin Gio Dc Tng Quan [GED]) thay v bng tt
nghip ph thng trung hc chnh quy. Hy lin h vi hc khu a phng hoc
s gio dc tiu bang, hoc tm kim trc tuyn tm hiu cc lp GED hoc
lp tng ng ph thng trung hc u.

Con ti s n trng bng cch no?

nc M, i khi tr em c th i b n trng.
Nu trng hc qu xa hoc i b khng an ton,
cc chu c th i bng xe but hoc cc phng
tin cng cng nh tu in ngm hoc xe la.
Nhiu trng cng c xe but min ph a rc
hc sinh nhng trm xe but trng hc gn
nh. Cc trng cng lp khc cung cp cho cc
hc sinh tiu chun v thng chng c th i
phng tin cng cng a phng min ph hoc
i vi gi gim. bit liu con qu v c th i xe
but ti trng hoc nhn v thng phng tin
cng cng hay khng, hy lin h vi vn phng
hc khu a phng ca qu v. Nu qu v c xe
hi, qu v cng c th t chc nhm i chung xe
(carpool) vi nhng ph huynh khc trong khu vc ca mnh phn cng
a rc con em n trng.

61

Chng Trnh Ba n Ti Trng Ca Lin Bang

ci thin vic hc tp, chnh ph M cung cp nhng ba n dinh dng vi gi thp hoc min ph
cho hn 26 triu tr em mi ngy hc ti trng. Trng hc s cn c vo thu nhp v s ngi trong gia
nh xc nh xem con qu v c hi tiu chun hng Chng Trnh n Sng Trong Trng (School
Breakfast Program) v Chng Trnh Quc Gia n Tra Trong Trng (National School Lunch Program)
hay khng. Chng Trnh Sa c Bit (Special Milk Program) cung cp sa cho tr em khng tham gia vo
nhng chng trnh ba n trong trng ca lin bang. bit thm thng tin chi tit v cc chng trnh
ny hy xem trang web ca B Nng Nghip Hoa K (U.S. Department of Agriculture) ti a ch
www.fns.usda.gov/cnd.

Con ti s n g trng?
Tr em c th mang ba n tra n trng hoc
mua qun n t phc v trong trng. Chnh ph
Hoa K cng cung cp ba sng hoc ba tra b
dng gi thp hoc min ph cho nhng em khng
c kh nng mua thc n ti trng. Hy gi in
hoc n trng hc ca con qu v bit liu
trng c tham gia vo chng trnh ba n trong
trng ca lin bang hay khng. Tho lun vi nhn
vin trng hc bit liu con qu v c iu
kin tham gia hay khng.

Ai c trch nhim tr tin sch v nhng

hot ng trong trng?
Trng cng lp thng pht sch gio khoa min ph. Hc sinh thng phi
mua cc dng c hc tp, nh l giy v bt ch. Nu qu v khng th mua
nhng dng c hc tp ny, hy lin lc vi trng ca b. Mt s trng c th
thu mt l ph nh cho dng c hc tp hoc hot ng c bit, nh l nhng
cuc i chi do trng t chc. Nhiu trng t chc nhng chng trnh th
thao v m nhc sau gi hc. Qu v c th phi tr l ph b tham gia vo
mt s chng trnh ny.

Con ti s hc nhng g?
Mi tiu bang a ra cc tiu chun hc tp cho cc trng. Nhng tiu chun
ny quy nh r nhng kin thc v k nng phi t c. Hc khu a phng
quyt nh xem cc kin thc ny phi c truyn t nh th no. Hu ht
cc trng u dy nhng mn Anh vn, ton, x hi hc, khoa hc v rn luyn
thn th. M thut, m nhc v ngoi ng i khi cng c a vo chng
trnh ging dy.

62

Vic hc ca con ti c nh gi nh th no?

Gio vin s cho im (cn gi l grade) da vo thnh tch hc tp ca con
qu v trong sut nm hc. im s thng c cn c vo bi tp v nh,
bi trn lp, kim tra, im danh v hnh vi ng x trn lp. Con qu v s nhn
c mt thnh tch biu vi ln trong nm. Mt s trng s gi thnh tch
biu ca con qu v trc tip cho qu v. Thnh tch biu ny cho qu v bit kt
qu hc tp ca con mnh mi mn hc. Cc trng hc c th dng nhng
phng php chm im khc nhau. Mt s trng dng ch ci lm thang
im, ch A v A+ l hc xut sc, ch D v ch F l hc km hoc khng t.
Cn nhng trng khc c th tng kt thnh tch ca con qu v vi nhng t
nh xut sc, tt, hoc cn c gng hn. nhiu lp, hc sinh cng phi
lm cc bi kim tra tiu chun m cc trng tin hnh nh gi hc sinh.
Hy hi nhn vin trng hc xem hc sinh trong trng ca b c xp hng
v nh gi nh th no.

Ti phi lm th no c th gp gio vin ca con ti?

Hu ht cc trng hc thng c nhng cuc hp ph huynh nh
k qu v gp gio vin ca con mnh. Qu v cng c th xin hn
gp mt v tho lun vi gio vin hay gim th ca trng xem
b hc tp nh th no. Nu qu v khng ni hoc hiu c ting
Anh, hc khu s cung cp phin dch vin c trnh cho cc cuc
gp nh th. Hc khu cng cn cung cp cho qu v thng tin v cc
vn khc trng bng ngn ng m qu v hiu c.

Nu con ti ngh hc ti phi lm g?

S hin din trng hc l rt quan trng. Ph huynh phi vit th
gi cho gio vin hay gi in n trng gii thch ti sao con
mnh vng mt. Nu con qu v ngh hc, hy bo trc cho gio
vin. Thng th hc sinh phi hon thnh ht cc bi hc m cc
em b l khi ngh hc. Hy hi trng ca con qu v thng tin
no qu v cn cung cp nu con qu v ngh hc.

63

Qu V C Th Lm G
Hu ht cc trng cng lp v t thc u c Hi Ph Huynh v Gio Vin (Parent Teacher Association hay
PTA) hoc T Chc Ph Huynh v Gio Vin (Parent Teacher Organization hay PTO) m qu v c th tham
gia. Nhng nhm ny gip cho ph huynh tm hiu v nhng chng trnh sinh hot trng v lm sao
tham gia vo cc hot ng ny. hu ht cc trng, bt c ai cng c th tham gia, k c ng b ni
ngoi ca hc sinh. Hi PTA hay t chc PTO cng h tr cc trng bng cch ti tr cho nhng hot ng
c bit v c cc tnh nguyn vin tr gip trong lp hc.
Qu v cng c th tham gia ngay c khi qu v khng ni hoc hiu c ting Anh. Nhiu trng hc c
nhng bn thng tin c bit dnh cho ph huynh c vn ting Anh gii hn. Hy cho trng bit l qu v
cn cc dch v phin dch c th tham gia. Hy gi in hoc n vn phng trng ca con qu v
bit thi kha biu hp ca hi PTA hay t chc PTO v cch tham gia. Qu v cng c th tho lun vi gio
vin ca con mnh v hi liu c cch no qu v c th lm tnh nguyn hoc tham gia.

iu g xy ra nu con ti c rc ri?
Nhiu trng c mt danh sch ni quy hoc chnh sch k lut m hc sinh
phi tun th, thng c gi l cc quy tc o c. Hy hi trng ca con
qu v v chnh sch k lut hoc quy tc o c ca trng. Nhng hc sinh vi
phm ni quy trng hc c th b pht li trng sau gi hc. Hoc l em
s khng c php tham gia vo nhng mn th thao hay cc hot ng khc
ca trng. Trng pht thn th khng c php cc trng ti Hoa K
hu ht cc tiu bang.
Hc sinh c th b nh ch hc tp hoc b ui hc nu chng c hnh vi ti t
v thng xuyn vi phm ni qui ca trng. Con ca qu v s khng c
i hc trng na nu b ui hc. Qu v cn phi n gp nhn vin ca
trng hc tm hiu xem lm cch no a con em tr li trng.

trng con ti c an ton khng?

Hu ht cc trng cng lp M l ni an ton hc tp. Hy tho lun vi
gio vin, c vn vin ca trng, hiu trng, hoc gim th nh trng nu
qu v lo lng v s an ton ca con mnh.

Cch Ngn Chn Vn Bt Nt

Bt nt l hnh vi cng kch ngn t hoc th cht khng mong mun gia cc
tr tui n trng. Bt nt c th xy ra trong hoc sau gi hc. Mc d
hu ht cc v bt nt c bo co xy ra trong khun vin trng hc, vn
ny cng xy ra nhng ni nh sn chi, xe but, hoc trn mng Internet.
hiu thm v cch ngn chn bt nt hoc gii quyt vn ny, vui lng truy
cp www.stopbullying.gov.

64

Gio Dc i Hc: Cc Trng

Cao ng V i Hc
V thnh nin v ngi ln c th tip tc theo hc ti nhng trng cao ng
cng ng hay k thut h hai nm, cao ng h bn nm, hoc i hc sau
khi hc xong ph thng trung hc. Nhng chng trnh hc ny c gi l
chng trnh gio dc sau trung hc (postsecondary
institutions) hay chng trnh gio dc i hc
(institutions of higher education). Thng thng, bn
nm u ca gio dc sau ph thng c gi l
gio dc i hc, v vic hc ln sau khi c bng c
nhn c gi l hc cao hc. C nhiu trng cng
lp cng nh t thc c chng trnh gio dc i
hc. Nhn chung, cc trng cao ng v i hc
cng lp c th t tn km hn so vi cc trng t
thc, nht l i vi nhng ngi thng tr cng
tiu bang vi trng. Thanh thiu nin cng c th
chn cc trng dy v mt ngh no , chng hn
nh sa my tnh hay lm tr l chm sc y t.
Sinh vin trong chng trnh gio dc i hc chn
ngnh hc c bit hc chuyn su (c gi l chuyn ngnh (major)).
Chn chuyn ngnh gip sinh vin chun b kim vic lm hoc hc tip cc
chng trnh cao hn trong lnh vc ny.

GIO DC I HC
Loi Bng Cp

Loi Trng Hc

Thi Gian Hc

Chng Ch

i Hc Cng ng/Trng Dy
Ngh

Su thng ti hai nm

Bng i Hc i Cng

i Hc Cng ng

Hai nm

C Nhn

Cao ng hoc i hc bn nm

Bn nm

Thc S

i Hc

Hai nm

Tin S

i Hc

Hai n tm nm

Chuyn Gia

Trng Chuyn Ngnh

Hai n nm nm

65

Gio dc ti trng cao ng hoc i hc c th t, nhng c cc chng

trnh gip qu v tr chi ph gio dc ny. Hu ht sinh vin vay tin hoc xin
hc bng hay xin ti tr gip tr cho chi ph hc tp. Mt s trng h tr ti
chnh gi l hc bng. Qu v c th ti vn phng h tr ti chnh ca trng
mnh tm hiu thm v cc hc bng. Cc hc bng v ti tr nht nh
c gii hn ch dnh cho cng dn Hoa K, ngi mang quc tch Hoa K,
cc thng tr nhn, hoc cc cng dn khng mang quc tch Hoa K tiu
chun. Chnh ph M cng tr gip ti chnh cho sinh vin. tm hiu thm v
h tr ti chnh, xem phn bn di hoc truy cp www.StudentAid.gov.

Qu Ti Tr Lin Bang cho Sinh Vin i Hc

Chnh ph M cung cp tr gip ti chnh gip sinh vin thanh ton cc chi
ph gio dc ca mnh mt trng cao ng, trng k thut, trng ngh,
hoc trng hc sau i hc tiu chun. H tr ti chnh lin bang bao tr
cc chi ph nh hc ph, tin phng, tin n, sch v v i li. Nhn chung, sinh
vin tiu chun c c h tr ny da trn nhu cu ti chnh, ch khng
phi im s ca h. C ba loi h tr lin bang:

Tin tr cp: l tin qu v khng phi hon tr.

Tin va hc va lm (Work study): l tin m qu v kim c bng vic
va hc va lm.
Tin vay: tin qu v mn by gi nhng phi hon tr sau ny km theo li
sut.

bit thm thng tin v cc chng trnh tr gip ti chnh lin bang, hy gi
1-800-433-3243 hoc truy cp trang web ca B Gio Dc Hoa K ti a ch
www.StudentAid.ed.gov/resources. C c thng tin bng ting Ty Ban Nha.

Hy Cnh Gic La o Tr Gip Ti Chnh

Hy cn thn khi qu v tm kim thng tin v chng trnh tr gip ti chnh
cho sinh vin. Trnh xa nhng ngi ngh gip tt hn mc bnh thng
hoc bo m kt qu vi qu v i ly tin. Hng nm, cc gia nh mt
hng triu la v nn la gt hc bng. Nu qu v l nn nhn ca tr la
gt ny, hoc mun bit thm thng tin, hy gi y Ban Thng Mi Lin Bang
(Federal Trade Commission) theo s 1-877-382-4357 hoc 1-866-653-4261
(dnh cho ngi khim thnh). Qu v cng c th truy cp trang web
www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0082-scholarship-and-financial-aid-scams.

66

Gio Dc Dnh Cho Ngi Ln

Vic hc khng nht thit phi kt thc khi qu v tr thnh ngi ln. nc
M, mi ngi c khuyn khch tr thnh ngi hc sut i. Nu qu v
t 16 tui tr ln v cha hc xong ph thng trung hc, qu v c th ghi danh
vo lp Nh Cp Ca Ngi Ln (ASE). Nhng lp ny chun b cho qu
v ly c bng Pht Trin Gio Dc Tng Qut GED (General Educational
Development).
Bng GED tng ng vi bng tt nghip ph thng trung hc, mc d mt
s tiu bang c th yu cu qu v lm mt bi kim tra khc tng t GED hoc
p ng c cc yu cu ly c bng tng ng bng tt nghip ph
thng trung hc. Bng tng ng bng tt nghip ph thng trung hc (chng
hn nh GED) cho thy qu v hc kin thc v k nng hc thut cp ph
thng trung hc. ly bng GED, qu v phi thi u bn mn khc nhau: t
duy ngn ng (c v vit), x hi hc, khoa hc v t duy ton hc. Phn ln
cc nh tuyn dng ti Hoa K xem chng nhn GED tng ng vi bng tt
nghip trung hc ph thng. Trong nhiu vng, nhng lp hc chun b cho k thi
GED c t chc min ph hoc vi gi thp. Tm kim trn mng Internet
hiu v GED v cc kha hc gio dc khc dnh cho ngi ln, hoc hy gi
cho hc khu a phng bit thm thng tin.
Nhiu ngi ln ghi danh hc thm v nhng ch
h thch hoc hc nhng k nng mi c th gip h
trong cng vic. Nhiu h thng trng hc cng lp
v i hc cng ng a phng m nhiu lp gio
dc dnh cho ngi ln. Thng thng, nhng lp
ny c l ph thp v bt k ai cng c th ghi danh
nhp hc. Hy tm hiu ti h thng trng hc a
phng hoc i hc cng ng xem c nhng lp
hc no, hc ph l bao nhiu, v ghi danh nh
th no.

67

Hc Ting Anh
C nhiu ni t chc lp hc ni, c v vit ting Anh. Nhiu tr em v ngi
ln ghi danh hc Ting Anh nh l Ngn Ng Th Hai ESL (English as a Second
Language). Nhng lp hc ny gip nhng ngi khng bit ting Anh hc ngn
ng ny. Nhng lp hc ny cn c gi l Lp Ting Anh cho Ngi Ni Th
Ting Khc ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) hoc nhng lp
dy c vit ting Anh.
Tr em khng bit ting Anh s hc mn ny trong trng. Cc trng hc cng
lp M c nhng chng trnh tr gip v ging dy cho tt c nhng hc sinh
cn hc ting Anh.
Ngi ln khng hiu ting Anh c th ghi danh hc lp ESL ca nhng trng
cng cho ngi ln v gio dc cng ng hoc trng ngn ng t nhn.
Trng ca con qu v c th cung cp cc dch v dy c vit cho gia nh,
dnh cho ph huynh, v o to cho cc ph huynh khng ni ting Anh. Hy
lin h vi trng ca con qu v tm hiu liu trng c cung cp cc
chng trnh nh th hay khng.
Cc chng trnh trng cng cho ngi ln v gio dc cng ng thng
c t chc trong cng ng a phng bi cc hc khu v i hc cng
ng. Nhng chng trnh ny c nhng kho hc ESL c tnh nguyn vin a
phng dy km. Nhng chng trnh ny thng min ph, hoc qu v phi
tr mt khon hc ph nh. Thi gian hc c th ban ngy hoc ban m. Hy
gi cho i hc cng ng a phng hoc vn phng hc khu tm nhng
lp hc ESL m h cung cp.
Hu ht nhng thnh ph ln u c nhng trng ngn ng t nhn c
lp hc ESL ban ngy hoc ban m. Hc ph ca cc lp ngn ng t nhn
thng da trn s gi dy, v nhn chung s t hn cc lp cng lp. Qu v
c th tm kim trn mng Internet cc trng ngn ng t nhn trong khu vc
mnh sinh sng.
Mt s t chc cng ng, th vin, v nhng nhm tn gio cng c nhng
lp hc ESL min ph hoc gi thp. Hy tm hiu trong th vin cng cng a
phng, c quan dch v x hi, nh th hoc cha. Nhn vin tra cu ca th
vin a phng cng c th cho qu v bit v nhng chng trnh ESL v gip
qu v tm sch, bng video, a CD v phn mm my tnh trong th vin.
tm chng trnh ESL gn nht, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.literacydirectory.org. Qu v cng c th hc trc tuyn bng cch truy
cp trang web www.usalearns.org.

68

Go 211 Bit Thng Tin V Nhng Dch V X Hi

Hin nay ti nhiu tiu bang qu v c th gi 211 c tr gip tm kim nhng dch v m qu v cn.
Hy gi 211 hi ni qu v c th ghi danh hc nhng lp ESL gn ni qu v . Qu v cng c th gi
211 nu cn tr gip tm thc phm, nh , hoc nhng dch v x hi khc. Mt s tiu bang v ht vn
cha c dch v 211. bit liu dch v 211 c khu vc qu v hay khng, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.211.org.

Chm Sc Y T
Nhn chung, mi ngi Hoa K chi tr dch v chm sc y t ca mnh trc
tip hoc thng qua bo him. Chm sc t tn km, v vy lm vic cho cc
nh tuyn dng tr bo him y t hoc mua bo him y t cho qu v l mt vic
c li. Qu v v gia nh c bo him y t cng sm cng tt l iu quan trng.
Cc nh tuyn dng tr bo him y t nh l mt khon tr cp cho nhn vin.
Mt s nh tuyn dng chi tr tt c chi ph bo him y t hng thng
cho qu v trong khi mt s khc ch chi tr mt phn chi ph ny.
Ph bo him hng thng ny c gi l tin ng bo him
(premium). Qu v c th cn phi tr mt phn ca tin
ng bo him. Thng thng nh tuyn dng s khu
tr phn ng bo him ca nhn vin vo sc tr
lng cho qu v. Mt s nh tuyn dng cng s cho
php qu v mua bo him cho gia nh. Qu v c th
phi tr nhiu hn cho ph bo him ny.
Nu qu v c bo him y t, bc s c th gi ha
n ti cng ty bo him y t ca qu v. Cng ty
bo him y t c th chi tr mt phn hoc tt c ha
n ny. Thng thng th qu v phi tr mt khon
cho bc s hoc nh cung cp dch v mi ln qu v s
dng cc dch v chm sc y t. i khi vic ny c gi
l tin ng tr (co-payment).
Nu qu v khng c bo him y t, mt s bc s s yu cu qu
v tr ton b chi ph chm sc y t ca qu v. Qu v c th nhn h
tr chm sc y t tiu bang hoc lin bang. Cc tiu bang cung cp hnh thc
h tr cho tr em thuc gia nh c thu nhp thp, ph n mang thai v ngi
khuyt tt. Mt s tiu bang c cc chng trnh h tr do tiu bang tr cp.

69

Nu cn chm sc y t khn cp, qu v c th n phng cp cu ca bnh

vin gn nht c iu tr. Theo lut lin bang, cc khoa cp cu ca hu
ht cc bnh vin phi iu tr cho cc c nhn trong tnh trng nguy kch k c
khi ngi khng c kh nng chi tr, tuy nhin, cc nh cung cp dch v
chm sc y t c th ln ha n cho cc dch v y t cung cp.
Khi quyt nh v sc khe ca mnh, iu quan trng l qu v phi bit tham
kho u thng tin mi nht, ng tin cy nht. bit thm nhiu ngun
thng tin v cc ch lin quan ti y t, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.healthfinder.gov.

Th Trng Bo Him Y T
Th Trng Bo Him Y T (hay cn gi l ni trao i bo him y t) l mt
cch tm c bo him y t cht lng va ti tin v p ng c nhu
cu ca qu v. N c th gip qu v nu qu v khng c bo him gi c phi
chng t nh tuyn dng ca mnh hoc nu qu v tiu chun hng bo
him theo Chng Trnh Medicare, Medicaid, hoc Chng Trnh Y T Dnh
ChoTr Em (CHIP). Th Trng ny s cho php qu v so snh cc chng
trnh bo him y t c nhn, gii p thc mc, tm hiu liu qu v c tiu
chun c h tr ti chnh nhm gip thanh ton chi ph bo him, v ghi
danh vo chng trnh chm sc y t p ng c nhu cu ca qu v. Cc
thng tr nhn v nhng ngi nhp c hp php khc c th tiu chun
nhn bo him ca Th Trng. bit thng tin cp nht nht, vui lng truy cp
trang web www.HealthCare.gov.

Tm C S Chm Sc Y T Gi Thp
Phn ln cc cng ng c ti thiu mt c s chm sc y t cung cp cc dch v min ph hoc gi thp.
Cc c s ny i khi c gi l phng khm hoc trung tm y t cng ng. tm c s gn qu v, hy
tm kim trn mng Internet hoc hi t chc phc v ngi nhp c nu h bit c s chm sc y t min
ph hoc gi thp trong khu vc qu v .
B Y T V Dch V Nhn Sinh Hoa K tr cp cho cc c s chm sc y t nhiu a im trn khp c
nc, cung cp cc dch v chm sc y t c bn cho ngi nhp c. tm bc s gn qu v, vui lng truy
cp trang web http://findahealthcenter.hrsa.gov.

70

Cc Chng Trnh Y T Lin Bang V Tiu Bang

Medicare: Medicare l mt chng trnh bo him y t dnh cho nhng ngi
t 65 tui tr ln, di 65 tui nhng b khuyt tt, hoc mc bnh thn giai
on cui. Medicare chi tr cho cc dch v chm sc nht nh v c bn
nu qu v b m hoc b thng. bit thm thng tin v cch ghi danh
vo chng trnh Medicare, vui lng truy cp trang web www.medicare.gov/
MedicareEligibility/home.asp.
Chng trnh Medicare gm mt s phn, bao gm Phn A, Phn
B, v Phn D.

Phn A l bo him bnh vin gip bao tr dch v y t ni tr

trong bnh vin, cc c s h l c chuyn mn, bnh vin dnh
cho ngi hp hi, v chm sc y t ti gia. Hu ht mi ngi
khng tr tin ng bo him Phn A bi h tr thu Medicare
khi lm vic. Nu qu v khng tiu chun c min ng
ph bo him cho Phn A, qu v c th mua Phn A nu p ng
c cc iu kin nht nh.

CE
INSURAN
HEALTH

RE
MEDICA

NAME OF

-800-633

ICARE (1

1-800-MED

-4227)

SAMPLE
ARY

BENEFICI

E
JOHNCLDAIOM NUMBER

SEX

MALE DATE
IVE
-2007
) 01-01 007
A
T
IS EN
R
A
(P
-2
L
1
A
-0
1
IT
0
P
HOS
T B)
E
L (PAR
MEDICA
JOHN DO
RE

0 0 -A
0 0 -0 0 -0 0

MEDICA

TITLED TO

EFFECT

SIGN
HERE

Phn B l bo him y t gip bao tr cc dch v nh cc dch v

bc s, y t ngoi tr, thit b y t lu bn, cc dch v y t ti gia, v cc dch
v y t khc cng nh mt s dch v phng nga. Nu mun hng Phn B,
qu v phi tr ph hng thng.
Phn D l bo him thuc k toa, gip bao tr cc chi ph cho cc loi thuc
nht nh m bc s k iu tr. Ghi danh vo chng trnh Medicare
Phn D l t nguyn, v qu v phi tr thm ph hng thng cho chng
trnh bo him ny.

Thng tr nhn c th c hng Medicare Phn A, Phn B v phn D nu

h hi mt s iu kin nht nh. Cc thng tr nhn 65 tui tr ln t
ng c ghi danh vo chng trnh Medicare Phn A khi h bt u hng
tr cp ngh hu An Sinh X Hi. Nu qu v cha 65 tui nhng hi iu
kin v nhng l do khc, hy gi cho vn phng An Sinh X Hi gn qu v
bit thng tin v ghi danh. Nhn chung, qu v phi lm vic ti Hoa K 10 nm
(hoc 40 qu) nhn c tr cp Medicare Phn A m khng phi tr tin
ng bo him. bit thm thng tin v Medicare v ti Medicare & You
s tay hng dn chnh thc Medicare ca chnh ph Hoa K hy vo trang
web www.medicare.gov. C c thng tin bng ting Ty Ban Nha.
Medicaid: Medicaid l mt chng trnh ng ti tr ca c lin bang v tiu
bang dnh cho nhng ngi thu nhp thp. Mi tiu bang t ra nhng hng
dn ring v chng trnh Medicaid. Medicaid tr cho nhng dch v y t nht
nh, nh l thm khm bc s, thuc k toa v nm vin. Nhng thng tr
nhn nhp c vo nc Hoa K trc ngy 22 thng 8 nm 1996 c th

71

nhn c Medicaid nu h hi iu kin. Phn ln cc thng tr nhn

nhp c vo nc M t hoc sau ngy 22 thng 8 nm 1996 c th nhn c
cc tr cp Medicaid nu h sng M 5 nm hoc lu hn v hi iu
kin. bit thm thng tin v cc dch v Medicaid ti tiu bang ca qu v, vui
lng truy cp trang web www.medicaid.gov.
Chng Trnh Bo Him Y T Dnh Cho Tr Em (CHIP): Con
qu v c th c chm sc y t min ph hoc gi thp thng
qua chng trnh CHIP ca tiu bang nu con qu v hi iu
kin. Nu mc thu nhp ca qu v qu cao, khng tiu chun
nhn Medicaid, mt s tiu bang c chng trnh bo him y t
dnh cho tr s sinh, tr nh v thiu nin. Bo him tr cho vic
khm bc s, thuc k toa, chm sc trong bnh vin, v nhng
dch v chm sc y t khc. hu ht cc tiu bang, tr em t 18
tui tr xung, khng c bo him y t, v sng trong gia nh c
thu nhp mc gii hn no th c xem nh hi iu kin
nhn bo him. Tr em c th c chm sc y t min ph hoc
gi thp m khng nh hng n tnh trng nhp c ca cha m.

Thng Tin Thm V Medicaid v CHIP

Mi tiu bang c quy nh v Medicaid v CHIP ca ring mnh, v vy vic tm hiu v chng trnh ny
tiu bang ca qu v l vic quan trng. bit thm thng tin, hy gi 1-877-543-7669 hoc truy cp trang
web www.insurekidsnow.gov.

Nhng Chng Trnh Tr Cp

Khc Ca Lin Bang
Qu v hoc nhng thnh vin trong gia nh c th hi iu kin nhn
nhng khon tr cp lin bang khc, ph thuc vo tnh trng nhp c, thi gian
sng Hoa K v mc thu nhp ca qu v. tm hiu thm v cc dch v sn
c dnh cho qu v, vui lng truy cp trang web www.benefits.gov.

Chng Trnh H Tr Dinh Dng B Sung (SNAP)

Mt s ngi nhp c, bao gm tr em, c th iu kin tham gia Chng
Trnh H Tr Dinh Dng B Sung (SNAP). SNAP tr cp cho qu v gip qu
v mua thc phm ti cc ca hng tp ha. Mt s tiu bang c chng trnh
phiu thc phm do tiu bang cp qu vi mt s iu kin hp l khc i vi
ngi nhp c v cc iu kin ny c th khc nhau gia cc tiu bang. bit
thng tin v SNAP v cc yu cu v tiu chun tham gia, vui lng truy cp trang
web www.fns.usda.gov/snap. Thng tin v SNAP c sn bng 36 th ting khc
nhau ti www.fns.usda.gov/documents-available-other-languages.

72

Cc Dch V Tr Gip Nn Nhn ca Nn Bo

Hnh Trong Gia nh
Nhng ngi nhp c v con ca h, nu l nn nhn ca nn bo hnh trong
gia nh, c th hi iu kin nhn nhng khon tr cp v dch v lin
bang, v d nh ni tm tr dnh cho ph n b ngc i hoc SNAP. bit
thm thng tin v cc dch v ny, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.womenshealth.gov/violence-against-women.

Chng Trnh Tr Gip Tm Thi cho Nhng Gia

nh Gp Kh Khn (Temporary Assistance for
Needy Families hay TANF)
Chng Trnh Tr Gip Tm Thi cho Nhng Gia nh Gp Kh Khn l mt
chng trnh ca lin bang ti tr cho tiu bang gip v to c hi vic
lm cho nhng gia nh c thu nhp thp. Cc chng trnh khc nhau mi
tiu bang, v mt s tiu bang c chng trnh tr gip ring do chnh tiu bang
ti tr. bit thm thng tin v cc yu cu v tiu chun tham gia,
vui lng truy cp trang web www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/programs/tanf.

Tr Gip Nhng Ngi Nhp C Khuyt Tt

Nhng ngi nhp c khuyt tt c th iu kin tham gia cc chng trnh
Medicaid, SNAP, v Ph Cp An Sinh B Sung (Supplemental Security Income).
bit thm thng tin v Ph Cp An Sinh B Sung, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.socialsecurity.gov/ssi.

Cc Trung Tm Ngh Nghip Ton Din

(One-Stop Career Centers)
Chnh quyn lin bang ti tr cho nhng trung tm
ngh nghip c o to hng nghip, t vn ngh
nghip, ng danh sch tuyn nhn vin, v nhng
dch v khc lin quan n vic lm. Cc lp ESL v
o to k nng cng vic cng c cung cp cho
nhng ngi nhp c mt s trung tm.
tm Trung Tm Ngh Nghip Ton Din gn
qu v nht, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.careeronestop.org hoc www.doleta.gov.

73

74

Bo m An Ton Cho Ni V
Gia nh
Nhng trng hp khn cp l nhng trng hp ngoi d liu, c th gy thit hi v ngi v ti sn. Cc
trng hp khn cp c th xy ra cho bt c ai bt c thi im no. Phn ny cho qu v bit cch qu v
c th chun b cho cc trng hp khn cp v cch c gip khi xy ra trng hp khn cp.

75
75

Hy Sn Sng
Chun b cho cc trng hp khn cp trc khi chng xy ra. bit thng tin
v cch chun b cho trng hp khn cp, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.ready.gov. Trang web ton din ny cung cp thng tin v cch chun b
sn sng cho trng hp khn cp qu v c th bo m an ton cho ni
v gia nh.
Di y l mt s vic qu v c th lm chun b:

Hy chc chn rng ca ra vo c kha tt v lun lun kha ca. Khng

giao cha kha nh ca qu v cho ngi l. Nu ngi l g ca nh qu v,
hy hi xem h l ai v h mun g trc khi m ca.
Chung bo khi ku ln khi c khi trong nh hoc trong cn h ca qu v.
Hy chc chn l qu v c chung bo khi gn trn trn nh gn cc phng
ng v trn mi tng nh. Kim tra chung mi thng mt ln bit chc
rng n vn hot ng tt. Thay pin trong chung bo khi ti thiu mt nm
mt ln.
Tm hiu xem cc bnh vin, n cnh st v trm cu ha gn nht u.
tt c cc s in thoi quan trng gn in thoi ca qu v qu v c
th d dng tm thy chng trong trng hp khn cp.
Tm nhng van chnh ca h thng kh t, in v nc trong nh qu v.
Hy chc chn l qu v bit cch kha cc van li bng tay. Nu qu v khng
bit cch tm c chng, hy hi ch nh, cng ty dch v cng cng a
phng hoc hng xm.
Hy chun b mt b dng c phng nga thm
ha, bao gm n pin, radio xch tay, pin d
phng, chn mn, ti cu thng, v thc n
ng hp v nc chai s dng ti thiu trong
ba ngy. Hy m bo c c ti ng rc, giy v
sinh, v thc n cho th nui nu cn. Hy ct tt
c nhng th ny mt ni d tm.
Thc hnh vi gia nh qu v cch thot ra
khi nh trong trng hp ha hon hoc nhng
trng hp khn cp khc. Nh cho con qu v
bit ting chung bo khi ku nh th no v phi lm g nu nghe thy
ting . Hy n nh trc nhng a im gia nh gp nhau trong
trng hp qu v phi i khi nh. Chn gp mt ni ngay bn ngoi nh,
v mt ni khc bn ngoi khu ph phng nhng trng hp qu v khng
th tr v nh. Hy ni trc cho mt ngi bn hoc thnh vin trong gia
nh ang sng vng khc rng mi ngi trong gia nh s gi in thoi
cho h trong trng hp b lc. Hy chc chn rng mi ngi u bit lm
th no gi, v c s in thoi ca ngi ny.

76

Hy hi trng hc ca con ci mnh bit v k hoch i ph ca trng

trong trng hp khn cp. Hy chc chn l con qu v bit phi lm g trong
trng hp khn cp v ni qu v c th gp con mnh. Con qu v nn bit
s in thoi v a ch ca qu v.

Qu V C Th Lm G
gip bo v an ton trong khu ph ca qu v, hy lm quen vi nhng ngi
lng ging. Tho lun vi h cch x l nhng trng hp khn cp trong vng.
Nu qu v c ngi hng xm b khuyt tt, hi thm xem h c cn s tr gip
c bit trong trng hp khn cp hay khng.
Nhiu khu ph c i Dn Ph, hng dn ngi dn cch gip bn thn h
bng cch nhn dng v bo co hnh ng ng ng khu ph ca mnh. Nu
khu vc ca qu v c i Dn Ph, qu v c th tnh nguyn tham gia. Nu qu v mun t chc i Dn Ph,
hy gi cho c quan cnh st a phng. bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp trang web www.nnw.org.
Khi gip cho nhng ngi khc c an ton, qu v cng gip cho cng ng v c t nc. Qu v c
th tham gia nhiu hn vo cng ng thng qua Hi ng C Dn (Citizen Corps Council). Vui lng truy cp
trang web www.citizencorps.gov bit thm thng tin.

S Cu
Hc cch gip trong trng hp khn cp, v d nh khi c ngi b chy mu
hoc nght th. Vic ny c gi l s cu (first aid). Qu v c th theo hc
nhng lp hun luyn phng php s cu ti Hi Ch Thp (Red Cross) ti
a phng. Gi cho vn phng Hi Ch Thp a phng hoc Hi ng An
Ton Quc Gia (National Safety Council) hi v nhng lp hc trong vng.
bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp trang web www.redcross.org hoc
www.nsc.org/learn/Safety-Training/Pages/first-aid-training.aspx.
Hy sn nhng ti s cu nh, ni lm vic v trong xe hi ca qu v.
Ti s cu c nhng dng c qu v cn c tr cc loi vt thng nh hoc
chng au nhc, nh l bng, gc kh trng, thuc, bch nc , v bao tay.
Qu v c th mua mt ti s cu tt nh thuc a phng.

Kim Sot Cht c

Trong nh qu v c nhiu th c th gy c hi nu ung phi chng. Nhng
th ny c th l nc lau chi, thuc, sn, ru, m phm v thm ch l mt
s loi cy. Hy nhng th ny xa tm tay tr nh.
Nu c ngi ung nhm mt cht c, hy gi cho Trung Tm Kim c
(Poison Control Center) ngay lp tc theo s 1-800-222-1222. Qu v c th
c tr gip 24 gi mt ngy, by ngy mt tun. Khi gi vo, nn c sn tn
cht c ung nhm cho tng i bit. Nu qu v khng ni c ting Anh, hy
ni cho tng i h kim thng dch vin cho qu v. Tt c nhng cuc gi
n Trung Tm Kim c u c gi kn o v min ph.

77

Lun Nm R Thng Tin

B An Ninh Ni a (DHS) cng nhn tt c mi ngi u phi chia s trch
nhim v an ninh quc gia v nn nhn thc c ri ro tn cng khng b ngy
cng tng cao M. DHS c mt h thng gip ngi dn hiu ri ro tn cng
khng b hoc bt c mi e da no khc cho an ninh quc gia. H thng ny
c gi l H Thng C Vn Khng B Quc Gia (NTAS).
Pht cnh bo NTAS khi c thng tin ng tin cy v mi e da ti an ninh
quc gia. C hai loi cnh bo:

Cnh Bo e Da Sp Xy Ra: Cnh bo ny cnh bo mi e da khng

b sp xy ra, c th, ng tin cy chng li nc M.

Cnh Bo e Da Leo Thang: Cnh bo ny cnh bo mi e da khng

b ng tin cy chng li nc M.

bit thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp trang web www.dhs.gov/alerts.
Nu qu v mun nhn thng tin cp nht lin tc, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.twitter.com/NTASAlerts.
Chnh ph Hoa K c th s dng NTAS cung cp thng tin cho cng ng
trong trng hp khn cp. B An Ninh Quc Ni c th s dng h thng ny
cung cp thng tin tc thi cho cng ng khi xy ra tn cng khng b.
Chnh quyn tiu bang v a phng cng c th s dng NTAS cung cp
thng tin cho cng ng.

LI
KHUYN

78

Nu xy ra tn cng khng b, thin tai, hoc cc trng hp khn cp

khc, hy lng nghe nhng g m chnh quyn a phng yu cu qu
v thc hin. Hy nghe radio hoc ti vi bit cc hng dn. Phi c TV
hoc radio chy bng pin trong nh phng trng hp khu vc qu v
tm thi b mt in.

Qu V C Th Lm G
DHS gip t nc hiu v nhng nguy him c th xy ra, c th chun b i ph khi c cuc tn cng
khng b hoc thin tai. DHS cung cp thng tin nhm gip qu v m bo an ton cho gia nh, ni v
cng ng ca qu v. Hy gi 1-800-BE-READY hoc truy cp trang web www.ready.gov.
Qu v c th nhn s hng dn c tiu Are You Ready? (Qu V Sn Sng Cha?) Hng Dn Chi
Tit cho Cng Dn Cch Sn Sng ng Ph c nhiu li khuyn v cch m bo an ton cho gia nh, ni
v cng ng ca qu v. Qu v c th nhn hng dn ny t C Quan Qun L Khn Cp Lin Bang
bng cch truy cp trang web www.ready.gov/are-you-ready-guide. Qu v cng c th nhn cc ti liu t
trang web DHS ti www.ready.gov/publications.

ng Ph Vi Trng Hp Khn
Cp
Tr Gip Khn Cp Bng in Thoi
nc M, qu v c th gi 911 bng bt c my in thoi no nhn c
s tr gip khn cp. Ch s dng 911 trong trng hp khn cp. Hng dn
gia nh qu v v khi no thch hp v khi no khng thch hp gi 911. Cc v
d c lit k di y.
Gi 911 :

Bo mt v ha hon;

Bo mt v phm ti ang xy ra;

Yu cu tr gip y t khn cp;

Bo r r kh t; v

Bo nhng hnh ng ng ng, nh ting la

ht, ku cu hoc ting sng n.

Xin ng gi 911 :

Hi ng;

Hi thng tin v nhng dch v cng cng;

Hi xem mt ngi no c b t giam hay khng;

Bo nhng tnh hung khng khn cp;

Hi thng tin v vic qun l ng vt; hoc

Ni chuyn vi s quan cnh st.

79

Ch gi 911 khi gp nhng trng hp nghim trng hoc him ngho. Nu gi

911 v mt l do khng chnh ng, qu v c th khin cho ngi khc khng
nhn c s tr gip m h cn. Nu qu v c iu mun hi cnh st, hy
gi ti s in thoi dnh cho nhng trng hp khng khn cp ca nha cnh
st c lit k trong danh b in thoi.
iu G Xy Ra Khi Ti Gi 911?

Nhng cuc gi ti s 911 thng c tr li

trong vng 12 giy. Qu v c th c yu cu
phi gi my. Khi nhn vin trc my tr li cuc
gi ca qu v, ng dy s b im lng trong vi
giy. ng gc my. Hy i n khi nhn vin
trc my ln ting.
Nu qu v khng ni c ting Anh, hy cho
nhn vin trc my bit ngn ng ca qu v. H
s gi mt thng dch vin ni chuyn trn in
thoi vi qu v.
Nhn vin trc my 911 s hi qu v bit c
trng hp khn cp g ang xy ra v u.
Hy gi bnh tnh v tr li nhng cu hi ny. C gng ni chuyn vi nhn
vin trc cho n khi qu v tr li xong tt c cc cu hi.

Cc C Quan Thc Thi Php Lut Hoa K

nc Hoa K, c nhng c quan thi hnh php lut lin bang, tiu bang v a phng bo v qun
chng. Trong cng ng ca qu v, nhng vin chc thc thi php lut l cnh st thnh ph hoc cnh st
qun. Hy tm s in thoi ca n cnh st gn nh nht v ngay bn my in thoi ca qu v. Nn
nh rng nhn vin cnh st l bo v bn thn v gia nh ca qu v khi b tn hi. ng s khi
bo cho cnh st mt v phm ti, c bit khi qu v l nn nhn. Mt s k ti phm li dng ngi nhp
c v chng ngh qu v s khng bo cho cnh st. Nu qu v b cnh st chn li:

ng s.

Hy lch s v sn sng cng tc.

Hy cho nhn vin cnh st bit rng qu v khng ni c ting Anh.

Nu qu v ang trong xe, ng ra khi xe cho n khi nhn vin cnh st yu cu.

tay qu v ni m nhn vin cnh st c th nhn thy. ng cho tay vo ti hoc vo nhng ni
khc trong xe.

80

H Tr Khi Xy Ra Thin Tai

Thin tai c th xy ra bt c lc no v bt c u.
Thin tai xy ra nhiu hnh thc, chng hn nh lc
xoy, bo, l, hoc ng t. Trong trng hp qu
v chu tc ng bi thin tai, hy truy cp cc ngun
tr cp khi xy ra thin tai ti trang web
www.disasterassistance.gov hoc gi
1-800-621-FEMA (3362) hoc 1-800-462-7585
(dnh cho ngi khim thnh).

Nu Qu V Nhn Thy Mt Vic

G , Hy K Vic
Cc vin chc lin bang v tiu bang yu cu tt c
nhng ngi sng Hoa K gip chng khng b. Hy ti mi th
xung quanh, nht l khi qu v i li trn xe but cng cng, xe la v my bay.
Nu qu v thy mt vt kh nghi c li nh cp ti liu, ba l, hoc ti
giy, hy tng trnh s vic vi nhn vin cnh st gn nht hoc nhng ngi
hu trch khc. Qu v ng t m hoc di chuyn vt kh nghi ny. bit
thm thng tin, vui lng truy cp trang web www.dhs.gov.

81

82

Tm Hiu V Hoa K
Hoa K l quc gia theo ch dn ch i din, v cc cng dn ng vai tr quan trng trong vic lnh
o t nc. Trong phn ny, qu v s tm hiu v cch cc cng dn hnh thnh chnh ph Hoa K, cch
Hoa K c gy dng v pht trin, v cch chnh ph ca chng ta vn hnh.

83
83

Nhn Dn Chng Ta: Vai Tr

Ca Cng Dn Hoa K
Hoa K, chnh ph c c sc mnh lnh o t nhn dn. t nc chng
ta c chnh quyn ca nhn dn, do nhn dn bu, v v nhn dn. Cng dn
Hoa K hnh thnh nn chnh ph v cc chnh sch, v th mi ngi cn hc
hi v nhng vn cng cng quan trng v tch cc tham gia vo cng ng
ca mnh. Cng dn Hoa K b phiu trong cc cuc bu c t do chn
nhng vin chc quan trng trong chnh ph, th d nh Tng Thng, Ph Tng
Thng, Thng Ngh S v Dn Biu. Tt c mi cng dn u c quyn gi
in cho i biu do h bu ln ng gp kin, hi thng tin, hoc xin gip
v nhng vn c th.
Chnh ph chng ta c xy dng trn mt s gi tr quan trng: t do, c hi,
bnh ng v cng l. Tt c mi ngi M u tn trng nhng gi tr ny, v
chnh nhng gi tr ny em li c trng chung cho cng dn chng ta.
Chnh ph Hoa K bo v quyn ca mi cng dn. Hoa K bao gm nhng
ngi c gia cnh, vn ha v tn gio khc nhau. Chnh ph v php lut ca
chng ta c t chc nhng cng dn c lai lch khc nhau v tn ngng
khc nhau u c quyn ging nhau. Khng ai c th b trng pht hoc b hm
hi v c quan im hoc tn ngng khc vi a s ngi khc.

Ca Dn, Do Dn V V Dn: Dn Ch L G?
T dn ch (democracy) c ngha l chnh ph do nhn dn lm ch. Dn ch c nhiu hnh thc
khc nhau cc quc gia khc nhau. Hoa K, chng ta c nn dn ch c gi l dn ch i din
(representative democracy). C ngha l ngi dn chn nhng i biu i din cho quan im v mi
quan tm ca h trong chnh ph.

84

Hoa K c Hnh Thnh Nh

Th No
Nhng ngi di c u tin n Hoa K do h trn
khi t nc ca mnh v s i x bt cng v nht
l s k th tn gio quc gia ca h. H tm kim
t do v nhng c hi mi. Ngy nay, nhiu ngi
ti Hoa K vi nhng l do tng t nh vy.
Trc khi tr thnh mt quc gia ring v c lp,
Hoa K c to thnh t 13 thuc a b cai tr bi
Quc Anh. Ngi dn sng trong nhng thuc
a khng c ting ni trong nhng iu lut c
thng qua hoc cch h b cai tr. c bit l h phn
i h thng thu khng c s i din. iu ny c
ngha l nhn dn phi ng thu, nhng h khng
c ting ni trong cch vn hnh ca chnh ph.
n nm 1776, nhiu ngi cm thy rng iu ny
l bt cng v h cn phi t iu hnh ly. Nhng
ngi i din cho nhn dn t cc thuc a a
ra Bn Tuyn Ngn c Lp. Ti liu quan trng ny
tuyn b rng nhng thuc a c t do, c
lp v khng cn b thng tr bi Quc Anh na.
Thomas Jefferson vit Bn Tuyn Ngn c Lp. V sau ng tr thnh v
tng thng th ba Hoa K.
Bn Tuyn Ngn c Lp c ph chun ngy 4 thng 7 nm 1776. Nhn
dn M ly ngy 4 thng 7 hng nm lm Ngy c Lp bi l ngy quc
khnh ca t nc.
Hoa K phi u tranh vi Quc Anh ginh t do trong cuc Chin
Tranh Cch Mng. V tng George Washington lnh o Qun i Lc a
(Continental Army) trong cuc Cch Mng M. ng c coi l V Cha Gi Dn
Tc. Sau ng tr thnh v tng thng u tin Hoa K.

85

Sau khi chin thng, mi thuc a tr thnh mt tiu bang. Mi tiu bang
c chnh quyn ring. Ngi dn trong nhng tiu bang ny mun to mt hnh
thc chnh quyn mi hp nht nhng tiu bang thnh mt quc gia. Ngy
nay, chnh ph trung ng ny, chnh ph quc gia ca chng ta, c gi l
chnh ph lin bang (federal government). Hin nay Hp Chng Quc Hoa K
gm c 50 tiu bang; Qun Columbia (mt khu vc c bit l tr s ca chnh
ph lin bang), v cc vng Guam, American Samoa, v Qun o Virgin thuc
Hoa K; v khi thnh vng chung Northern Mariana Islands v Puerto Rico.

Hp Chng Quc Hoa K v Mi Ba Thuc a u Tin

Mi ba thuc a c thnh lp theo th t sau: Virginia, Massachusetts, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode

Island, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania v
Georgia.

86

Mi Ngi Sinh Ra u Bnh ng

Nhiu ngi M hc thuc lng nhng t ny trong bn Tuyn Ngn c Lp:
Chng ti khng nh mt chn l hin nhin rng mi ngi sinh ra u bnh ng, rng ng To Ho
ban cho h nhng quyn tt yu v bt kh xm phm, trong c quyn sng, quyn c t do v mu
cu hnh phc.
iu ny c ngha l mi ngi sinh ra u c quyn cn bn ging nhau. Chnh ph khng to ra nhng
quyn ny, v khng chnh ph no c th tc ot nhng quyn ny.

Xy Dng Mt Lin Bang Hon

Ho Hn
Mt s nm sau cuc Cch Mng M, cc tiu bang c gng nhng cch
khc nhau cng gia nhp vo chnh ph trung ng, nhng chnh ph
ny qu non yu. Nm 1787, cc i biu t cc tiu bang nhm hp ti
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania thnh lp chnh ph trung ng mi v mnh
hn. Cuc hp ny c gi l Hi Ngh Lp Hin. Sau nhiu cuc tranh lun,
nhng ngi lnh o tiu bang d tho vn bn m t v chnh ph mi
ny. Vn bn ny c gi l Hin Php Hoa K. Bn Hin Php vch r xem
chnh ph mi c t chc nh th no, cc vin chc chnh ph c chn
nh th no, v chnh ph trung ng mi cam kt mang li nhng quyn li g
cho nhn dn. Hin ny, Hin Php ny vn l mt trong nhng vn bn quan
trng nht trong lch s nc M.

Quc K Hoa K
Quc k Hoa K thay i theo lch s ca quc gia chng ta. Hin nay trn l
c c 13 sc tng trng cho 13 thuc a u tin ca nc M. Quc k c
50ngi sao, mi ngi sao tng trng cho mt tiu bang. Quc ca M ngi ca
quc k v c gi l The Star-Spangled Banner (Quc K im Sao). Quc
k cn c gi l Old Glory hoc Stars and Stripes.

87

Cc thnh vin ca Hi Ngh Lp

Hin k vo Hin Php vo
ngy 17 thng 9 nm 1787, v
sau tt c 13 tiu bang phi
ph duyt n. Mt s ngi cho
rng Hin Php khng bo v
y cc quyn c nhn ca
con ngi. Cc tiu bang
ng ph duyt Hin Php vi
iu kin l phi b sung thm
mt danh sch lit k cc quyn
c nhn. Cc tiu bang ph
duyt Hin Php vo nm 1788
v c hiu lc vo nm 1789.
Nhng iu thay i cho Hin
Php c gi l cc sa i. 10
sa i Hin Php u tin c
thm vo nm 1791. 10 sa i
u tin ny lit k cc quyn c
nhn. Cc sa i ny c gi l D Lut Dn Quyn.
M l mt quc gia tn trng php quyn. Cc vin chc chnh ph cn c vo
lut php ra quyt nh. Hin Php c gi l b lut ti cao ca t nc
v mi cng dn, bao gm tt c cc vin chc chnh ph, v mi iu lut mi
u phi tun theo cc nguyn tc nu trong Hin Php. Lut php c p
dng bnh ng vi tt c mi ngi. Quyn lc ca chnh ph lin bang c gii
hn. Nhng quyn hn no khng c Hin Php ch nh trc tip l thuc v
chnh ph lin bang th c giao cho cc chnh quyn tiu bang.

Nhn Dn Chng Ta
We the People (Nhn Dn Chng Ta) l ba ch u tin trong Hin Php Hoa K. Hin Php bt u
bng cu gii thch l do v mc ch ca Hin Php. Phn ny c gi l li m u. Sau y l li m
u ca Hin Php Hoa K:
Chng ta, nhn dn Hp Chng Quc Hoa K vi mc ch xy dng mt Lin Bang hon ho hn na,
thit lp cng l, m bo s bnh yn nc, to dng phng th chung, thc y s thnh vng trong ton
khi v gi vng nn t do cho chng ta v cho nhng th h k tip, quyt nh xy dng Hin Php ny
cho Hp Chng Quc Hoa K.

88

D Lut Dn Quyn: 10 Sa i u Tin

Nhng sa i u tin ca Hin Php nhm mc ch bo v quyn c nhn
ca cng dn v gii hn quyn lc ca chnh ph. D Lut Dn Quyn lit k
nhng quyn t do quan trng c m bo cho nhn dn M. Cc quyn ny
bao gm:

T Do Ngn Lun: Qu v t do ngh v ni nh mnh mun.

T Do Tn Ngng: Qu v t do thc hnh hoc khng thc hnh bt

c tn gio no.

T Do Bo Ch: Chnh ph khng th quyt nh nhng g c in n

hoc lu truyn trn phng tin truyn thng.

T Do Hi Hp hoc Tp Hp Nhng Ni Cng Cng: Qu v t do

gp g nhng ngi khc theo cch m bo an ninh trt t.

T Do Phn i Hnh ng Ca Chnh Ph v Yu Cu Chnh Ph

Thay i: Qu v c th t do thch thc cc hnh ng ca chnh ph
m qu v khng tn thnh.

Trong hu ht cc trng hp, D Lut Dn Quyn bo v quyn s hu

v kh ca qu v. D Lut Dn Quyn cng bo m quy trnh php l (due
process). Quy trnh php l l mt lot nhng th tc php l c th phi tun
theo nu qu v b buc ti hnh s. Cnh st v qun i khng c chn v
khm xt mt ngi tr khi c l do chnh ng, v h khng c lc sot nh
tr khi c lnh ca ta. Nu qu v b buc ti hnh s, qu v s c bo m
xt x nhanh chng trc mt bi thm on gm nhng ngi cng ging nh
qu v. Qu v c m bo c ngi i din hp php v c th gi nhn
chng ra lm chng bnh vc cho qu v. Qu v c bo v khi cc hnh
pht tn nhn v bt thng.

Thay i Hin Php

Hin Php Hoa K c gi l mt vn bn sng v nhn dn M, thng qua cc i biu cp tiu bang v
quc gia, c th sa i Hin Php khi cn thit. Nhng thay i ny c gi l cc sa i. Quy trnh sa
i Hin Php l quy trnh lu di v kh khn, v hin ti ch c 27 ln sa i. Ngoi D Lut Dn Quyn,
mt s sa i quan trng khc l bn th 13 cm s hu n l, v bn th 14 bo m mi cng dn c
bo v bnh ng trc php lut; v bn th 15 cho php ph n c quyn b phiu.

89

Chnh Ph Lin Bang Hot

ng Nh Th No
13 thuc a u tin sng di thi ton quyn cai tr ca nh vua nc
Anh. Khi lp ra chnh quyn trung ng mi, ngi M mun ngn chn vic
tp trung quyn lc vo mt quan chc hoc mt c quan chnh ph. Hin php
thnh lp ba ngnh ca chnh ph lin bang, lm nh vy quyn lc c
cn bng. Mi ngnh c nhng trch nhim ring bit. Chng ta gi y l h
thng kim sot v cn bng. iu ny c ngha khng c mt ngnh no ca
chnh quyn c th nm qu nhiu quyn lc bi v n c cn bng vi hai
ngnh cn li.

Chnh Ph Lin Bang

Ba ngnh ca chnh ph lin bang l:

Ngnh Lp Php
Quc Hi M v cc c quan lin
quan

90

Ngnh Hnh Php

Tng thng, ph tng thng v
cc b ngnh ca chnh ph lin
bang

Ngnh T Php
Ti Cao Php Vin M v cc ta
n lin bang trn ton quc

Ngnh Lp Php: Quc Hi

Cng dn M i b phiu trong cc cuc bu c t do chn ngi i din
cho h vo Quc Hi Hoa K. Quc Hi c trch nhim son tho php lut cho
quc gia chng ta. Quc Hi gm c H Vin v Thng Vin.

H Vin Hoa K
Ngi dn trong mi tiu bang b phiu chn cc Dn Biu trong H Vin. C
435 Dn Biu trong H Vin, thng c gi l the House. S Dn Biu ca
mi tiu bang ty thuc vo dn s trong tiu bang . Cc tiu bang c phn
chia thnh cc qun. Ngi dn sng trong mi qun i b phiu cho ngi i
din cho qun ca h vo H Vin. Nhim k ca mt Dn Biu l hai nm, sau
ngi dn c c hi khc b phiu li cho Dn Biu ny hoc cho ngi
khc i din cho h. Dn Biu c th phc v v hn nh trong Quc Hi.
C thm nm i biu trong H Vin; y l nhng i biu ca Qun Columbia,
khi thnh vng chung Mariana Islands, v cc vng lnh th Guam, American
Samoa, v Qun o Virgin thuc Hoa K. Mt y vin hi ng nhn dn i
din cho Puerto Rico.
H Vin son tho lut php v c mt s trch nhim c bit. Ch H Vin mi
c th:

xut nhng o lut v thu.

Quyt nh vic mt vin chc chnh ph
b t co phm ti hnh chng li t quc
s b a ra xt x trc Thng Vin
hay khng. Quy trnh ny gi l trut ph
(impeachment).

91

Thng Vin Hoa K

C 100 Thng Ngh S trong Thng Vin Hoa K. Ngi dn trong mi tiu
bang b phiu chn hai Thng Ngh S i din cho h trong Quc Hi. Nhim
k ca Thng Ngh S l su nm, v sau ngi dn c c hi khc b
phiu li cho Thng Ngh S ny hoc cho ngi khc i din cho h.
Thng Ngh S c th phc v v hn nh trong Quc Hi. Thng Ngh S
son tho php lut, nhng h cng c nhng trch nhim c bit.
Ch Thng Vin mi c th:

ng hoc khng ng i vi bt c tha thun no m Tng Thng k

vi quc gia khc hoc nhng t chc ca cc quc gia khc. y gi l
hip c.
ng hoc khng ng i vi bt c ai m Tng Thng chn vo nhng
chc v cao cp, v d nh thm phn Ti Cao Php Vin hoc nhng quan
chc iu hnh cc b ngnh lin bang nh B Gio Dc hoc B Y T V
Dch V Nhn Sinh Hoa K.
Xt x nhng quan chc chnh ph b H Vin trut ph.

Quan Chc Chnh Ph Phc V Nhn Dn

Hoa K, mi ngi c th gi in thoi cho Thng Ngh S v Dn Biu ng nhim. Vui lng truy cp
trang web www.house.gov hoc www.senate.gov xc nh Dn Biu v Thng Ngh S ca qu v.
Qu v c th gi s 202-224-3121 v yu cu c chuyn n vn phng Thng Ngh S hoc vn phng
Dn Biu ca qu v. y khng phi l s in thoi min ph. Qu v c th gi th cho Dn Biu hoc
Thng Ngh S hi hoc a ra kin v nhng d lut v chnh ph lin bang, hoc nu qu v c vn
v cn gip v nhng khon tr cp t lin bang.
Gi th n Dn Biu:

Gi th n Thng Ngh S:

The Honorable (Thm h tn ca Dn Biu)

U.S House of Representatives
Washington, DC 20515

The Honorable (Thm h tn ca Thng Ngh S)

United States Senate
Washington, DC 20510

Qu v c th vo trang web ca Quc Hi tm hiu v nhng hot ng hin thi trong H Vin v
Thng Vin v v nhng Dn Biu v Thng Ngh S ca qu v, gm c nhng a ch trang web ca h.

92

bit v H Vin, vui lng truy cp www.house.gov.

bit v Thng Vin, vui lng truy cp www.senate.gov.

Qu V C Th Lm G
Tm hiu v Dn Biu v Thng Ngh S ca mnh cng nh nhng g h ang lm i din cho qu
v trong Quc Hi. Qu v c th thc hin iu ny bng cch tm nhng bi bo vit v h trn bo a
phng v xem trn trang web ca Quc Hi. Tt c cc Thng Ngh S v Dn Biu c vn phng a
phng trong cng ng ca h sinh sng. Qu v c th tm thy cc vn phng ny c lit k trong danh
b in thoi hoc tm kim theo tn trn mng Internet. Nu qu v i thm Washington, DC, qu v c th
tham quan min ph To Nh Capitol Hoa K, ni Quc Hi lm vic.

Ngnh Hnh Php: Tng Thng

Tng thng l ngi ng u c quan hnh php v chu trch nhim v vic
bo v v thi hnh php lut quc gia. Tng thng cn c nhiu trch nhim
khc, nh l t ra chnh sch quc gia, xut nhng o lut ti Quc Hi,
v c nhng quan chc cao cp v chnh n Ti Cao Php Vin. Tng thng
cng l ngi ng u qun i v c th c gi l Tng T Lnh.
Bn nm mt ln, nhn dn i bu Tng Thng v Ph Tng Thng. Tng Thng
ch c th phc v ti a hai nhim k bn nm. Ph Tng Thng s tr thnh Tng
Thng nu Tng Thng qua i, t chc, hoc khng th lm vic c na.
Qu v c th tm hiu v Tng Thng bng cch xem trang web ca Nh Trng
(White House), ni tng thng v lm vic, ti www.whitehouse.gov.

Ngnh T Php: Ti Cao

Php Vin
Hin Php to nn Ti Cao Php Vin, l ta n cao nht ca Hoa K. C
chn chnh n trong Ti Cao Php Vin. H l nhng Thm Phn (Justices).
Tng Thng chn nhng chnh n trong Ti Cao Php Vin, v h c th phc
v sut i. Ti Cao Php Vin c th bc b c lut php ca tiu bang v lin
bang nu nhng o lut ny mu thun vi Hin Php. Ngoi ra cn c cc ta
n lin bang khc, chng hn nh cc Ta n Qun Hoa K v Ta Phc Thm
Lu ng Hoa K.
hiu thm v Ti Cao Php Vin Hoa K, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.supremecourt.gov.

93

Chnh Quyn Tiu Bang V

Chnh Quyn a Phng
Ngoi chnh ph lin bang, mi tiu bang c hin php v chnh quyn ring. Mi
chnh quyn tiu bang cng c ba ngnh: lp php, hnh php v t php.
Ngi ng u ngnh hnh php tiu bang c gi l thng c (governor).
Ngi dn trong mi tiu bang bu ra thng c v ngi i din cho h vo
c quan lp php tiu bang. C quan lp php tiu bang son tho lut p
dng trong mi tiu bang. Nhng lut ny khng th i ngc li Hin Php Hoa
K. Ngnh t php mi tiu bang tun th cc iu lut ca tiu bang .
Mi tiu bang cng c nhng chnh quyn a phng.
C chnh quyn thnh ph hoc chnh quyn ht hoc
i khi c hai. Nhng chnh quyn ny cung cp v
gim st nhiu dch v trong cng ng a phng,
nh l trng cng lp, th vin, cnh st v cu ha,
cng nh cc dch v nc, kh t v in. Thng
thng, nhn dn trong cng ng a phng bu ln
cc vin chc chnh quyn a phng, mt s vin
chc khc th c b nhim. Chnh quyn a phng
c nhiu loi hnh khc nhau. Mt s chnh quyn a
phng c ngi ng u ca ring mnh; mt s
chnh quyn a phng khc c hi ng thnh ph
hoc hi ng ht. Cng ng a phng cng c hi
ng gio dc, l nhng cng dn c c hoc c b nhim gim st
nhng trng cng lp.

Qu V C Th Lm G
Nhiu cuc hp chnh quyn a phng cng khai vi cng ng v c t chc vo ban m bt c
ai cng c th tham d. V d, qu v c th ti bui hp ca hi ng thnh ph hoc ca hi ng gio dc
tm hiu v nhng g ang din ra trong cng ng ca mnh. Thi gian v a im cuc hp thng
c lit k trn bo a phng hoc trn trang web ca chnh quyn a phng. Mt s cuc hp chnh
quyn a phng c pht trn knh truyn hnh cp a phng.

94

Tri Nghim Hoa K

Qu v c th tm hiu thm v Hoa K bng cch ti cc vn quc gia, bao
gm mt s di tch lch s trng l nht nc. Qu v c th tri nghim Hoa K
ti cc vn quc gia nh:

Yellowstone National Park, vi cc mch

nc phun ln nht th gii, bao gm Old
Faithful.
Independence National Historical Park, ni
y c Ta c Lp v Chung T Do.
Mammoth Cave National Park, c h
thng hang ng di nht th gii.
Denali National Park and Preserve, ni
y c ngn ni cao nht Bc M, ni
Mount McKinley.

H Thng Vn Quc Gia bao gm hn 400

i tng nim, chin trng, di tch lch s,
bi bin v nhiu k vt khc. Cc vn quc
gia c mi tiu bang, Qun Columbia v 5 vng lnh th Hoa K.
tm hiu thm v cc vn quc gia, vui lng truy cp trang web Dch V
Vn Quc gia ti a ch www.nps.gov.

95

96

Tr Thnh Cng Dn Hoa K

Vic tr thnh cng dn Hoa K s gip cc thng tr nhn c cc quyn li v c n. L cng dn cng
ng ngha vi nhng trch nhim mi. Phn ny tho lun cc l do xem xt nhp quc tch Hoa K v m
t nhng g qu v cn tr thnh mt cng dn.

97
97

L Do Tr Thnh Cng Dn
HoaK?
tr thnh cng dn, qu v phi sn lng:

Th s trung thnh vi Hoa K;

T b nhng bn phn i vi bt k nc no khc; v

ng h v bo v Hoa K cng nh Hin Php Hoa K.

Khi qu v tr thnh mt cng dn Hoa K, qu v ng thc hin tt c nhng

trch nhim ca cng dn M. Ngc li, qu v c hng nhng quyn v c
n nht nh. Cc thng tr nhn c hu ht cc quyn li ca cng dn Hoa K,
nhng c nhiu l do quan trng xem xt vic tr thnh cng dn Hoa K, chng
hn nh:

B Phiu: Ch cng dn mi c php b

phiu trong cc cuc bu c lin bang. hu
ht cc tiu bang, ch cc cng dn Hoa K mi
c php b phiu trong cc cuc bu c.

Lm Bi Thm Vin: Ch cng dn Hoa K mi

c th lm bi thm vin lin bang. hu ht
cc tiu bang, ch cc cng dn Hoa K mi
c php lm bi thm vin. Lm bi thm vin
l mt trch nhim quan trng i vi cc cng
dn Hoa K.

i li bng H Chiu Hoa K: H chiu Hoa K

cho php cc cng dn Hoa K nhn c s
h tr t chnh ph Hoa K khi nc ngoi,
nu cn thit.

a Ngi Thn Trong Gia nh sang Hoa K: Thng th chnh ph Hoa

K s u tin hn cho nhng cng dn Hoa K np n bo lnh cho ngi
thn trong gia nh sang thng tr ti y.

Nhp Quc Tch cho Con Ci Sinh Nc Ngoi: hu ht cc trng

hp, nhng a con c sinh nc ngoi ca cng dn Hoa K c t
ng tr thnh cng dn Hoa K.

98

Hi iu Kin Lm Vic Cho Chnh Ph Lin Bang: Mt

s vic lm nht nh trong cc c quan chnh ph i hi
phi c quc tch Hoa K.

Tranh C Cc Chc V Dn C: Ch cc cng dn

mi c tranh c chc v lin bang v hu ht
cc chc v trong chnh quyn tiu bang v a
phng.

Quyn Thng Tr Vnh Vin: Quyn thng

tr ca cng dn Hoa K khng th b tc ot.

Hi iu Kin Hng Tin Tr Cp v Hc

Bng Lin Bang: Nhiu khon tin tr cp sinh
vin, bao gm cc hc bng v tin ti tr ca
chnh ph cho nhng mc ch c bit, ch dnh
ring cho cng dn Hoa K.

Hi iu Kin Xin Tr Cp Chnh Ph: Mt s khon

tr cp ca chnh ph c dnh ring cho cng dn Hoa K.

Bit Thm Thng Tin V Vic Nhp Quc Tch

Nhng ngi t 18 tui tr ln mun nhp quc tch phi xin Mu n M-476, Hng Dn Th Tc Nhp
Quc Tch (A Guide to Naturalization). Hng dn ny c nhiu thng tin quan trng v cc iu kin cn c
nhp quc tch. N cng c hng dn cc mu n qu v cn in khi bt u lm th tc nhp quc
tch.
bit liu qu v c iu kin xin nhp quc tch hay khng, vui lng truy cp trang web ca Trung
Tm Ngun Lc Nhp Quc Tch ti a ch www.uscis.gov/citizenship. Hy s dng Mu n N-400, n
Xin Nhp Quc Tch xin nhp quc tch. Phi np l ph cng vi Mu n N-400. kim tra mc ph
np Mu n N-400 hoc bt c mu n no ca USCIS, vui lng truy cp trang web
www.uscis.gov/fees.
nhn Mu n M-476, M-400, hy gi ng in Thoi Xin n ca USCIS (USCIS Forms Line) ti s
1-800-870-3676 hoc ly t trang web www.uscis.gov.
bit thm thng tin chi tit v cc chnh sch USCIS v cc iu kin cn thit tiu chun nhp
quc tch, hy xem S Tay Hng Dn Chnh Sch USCIS (USCIS Policy Manual) ti a ch
www.uscis.gov/policymanual. S Tay Hng Dn Chnh Sch l tp hp cc chnh sch nhp c trc
tuyn ca USCIS.

99

Nhp Quc Tch: Tr Thnh

Cng Dn Hoa K
Qu trnh tr thnh mt cng dn Hoa K c gi l nhp quc tch. Nhn
chung, qu v c th xin nhp quc tch khi p ng nhng yu cu sau y:

Cc Yu Cu Nhp Quc Tch

1. C tr lin tc: C tr Hoa K vi t cch l thng tr nhn trong mt
khong thi gian nht nh.
2. S hin din thc t: Hy chng minh qu v c mt ti Hoa K trong nhng
khong thi gian c th.
3. Thi gian ti tiu bang hoc qun ca USCIS: Hy chng minh qu v
sng tiu bang ca mnh hoc qun USCIS trong mt khong thi gian c
th.
4. T cch o c tt: Hy chng mnh qu v c x hp php v chp
nhn c.
5. Ting Anh v bn phn cng dn: Bit ting Anh c bn v cc thng tin v
lch s v chnh ph Hoa K.
6. Tun Th Hin Php: Hiu v chp thun cc nguyn tc ca Hin Php Hoa
K.
Qu v c th iu kin vi mt vi ngoi l v sa i nht nh nu:

Qu v l ngi mang quc tch Hoa K;

Qu v lm vic nc ngoi trong ngnh tiu chun;

Qu v tiu chun tham gia ngha v qun s; hoc

Qu v l v/chng, con, hoc b/m ca mt cng dn Hoa K.

Tham kho Mu n M-476, Tp Hng Dn Th Tc Nhp Quc Tch bit

thm thng tin ti a ch www.uscis.gov/natzguide. Qu v cng c th hi
kin ca lut s chuyn v di tr hoc mt i din chnh thc ca BIA. Xem
trang 21 bit thm thng tin.

100

1. C Tr Lin Tc
C tr lin tc (Continuous Residence) c ngha l qu v phi sng Hoa K vi t
cch l thng tr nhn trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Hu ht mi ngi
phi l thng tr nhn v c tr lin tc trong nm nm (hoc ba nm, nu kt hn
vi mt cng dn Hoa K) trc khi h c th bt u quy trnh nhp quc tch.
Ngy qu v tr thnh thng tr nhn (thng l ngy ghi trn Th Thng Tr
Nhn ca qu v) l ngy bt u thi gian nm nm. Nu ri khi Hoa K trong mt
thi gian di, thng l su thng tr ln, qu v s lm gin on tnh trng c tr
lin tc ca mnh.
Nu ri khi Hoa K t mt nm tr ln, qu v c th nhp cnh tr li min l c
giy php ti nhp cnh (re-entry permit). Qu v nn np n xin giy php ti nhp
cnh trc khi ri Hoa K. Xem trang 17 bit thng tin v cch np n xin
giy php ti nhp cnh. Trong hu ht trng hp, thi gian qu v sng Hoa K
trc khi xut cnh s khng c tnh vo thi gian c tr lin tc ca qu v. iu
ny c ngha l sau khi qu v tr v Hoa K, thi gian c tr lin tc c tnh li
t u, v do c th phi ch bn nm mt ngy trc khi qu v c th np n
xin nhp quc tch.
Thm vo , nu qu v phi ri Hoa K v l do cng vic, qu v c th cn phi
trnh Mu n N-470, n Xin Duy Tr Tnh Trng C Tr Lin Tc Hi
iu Kin Nhp Quc Tch (Application to Preserve Residence for Naturalization
Purposes) duy tr tnh trng thng tr nhn ca mnh nhm theo ui vic nhp
quc tch.
Qu v cn bit rng vic ri khi Hoa K trong khi n xin nhp quc tch ca mnh
ang c xt duyt c th lm cho qu v khng iu kin nhp quc tch, nht
l nu qu v nhn vic lm nc ngoi.

DUY TR TNH TRNG C TR LIN TC VI T CCH L THNG TR NHN

Nu qu v ri
Tnh trng c tr
duy tr tnh trng c tr lin tc qu v phi:
nc Hoa K
ca qu v l:
v:
Hn
su thng

Qu mt nm

C th b hy b

Hy chng minh rng qu v tip tc sng, lm vic,

v/hoc c nhng rng buc ti Hoa K (v d, qu v
tr thu) trong khi nc ngoi.

B hy b

Trong phn ln cc trng hp, qu v phi bt u

tnh thi gian c tr lin tc li t u. Hy np n xin
giy php ti nhp cnh (re-entry permit) trc khi tr
v nu qu v d nh tr li Hoa K vi t cch thng
tr nhn. Qu v c th cng cn phi trnh Mu n
N-470, n Xin Duy Tr Tnh Trng C Tr Lin Tc
Hi iu Kin Nhp Quc Tch.

101

Duy Tr Tnh Trng C Tr Lin Tc Hi iu Kin Nhp Quc Tch:

Nhng Trng Hp c Min Tr Nu Ri Khi Hoa K Mt Nm
Nu qu v lm vic cho chnh ph Hoa K, mt vin nghin cu c tha nhn ca Hoa K, hay mt s
cng ty ca Hoa K, hoc nu l thnh vin trong gii tng l lm vic nc ngoi, qu v c th vn duy
tr c tnh trng c tr lin tc nu:
1. c mt thc s v c tr lin tc Hoa K m khng xut cnh trong t nht mt nm sau khi c
chp thun tr thnh thng tr nhn.
2. Hy trnh Mu n N-470, n Xin Duy Tr Tnh Trng C Tr Lin Tc Hi iu Kin Nhp
Quc Tch (Application to Preserve Residence for Naturalization Purposes), trc khi qu v xut cnh
khi Hoa K trong thi gian mt nm. Phi np l ph cng vi Mu n N-470. xem l phi np h s
Mu n N-470 hay bt ky mu n no ca USCIS, truy cp www.uscis.gov/fees.
bit thm chi tit, gi ng in Thoi Xin n ca USCIS (USCIS Forms Line) s 1-800-870-3676 v
xin Mu n N-470. Qu v cng c th ly mu n xung t trang web ca USCIS ti www.uscis.gov.

Giy php ti nhp cnh (Mu n I-131, n Xin Giy Php Du Lch)
v Mu n N-470, n Xin Duy Tr Tnh Trng C Tr Lin Tc Hi
iu Kin Nhp Quc Tch (Application to Preserve Residence for
Naturalization Purposes) l hai mu n khc nhau. Qu v c th xut trnh
giy php ti nhp cnh thay cho th Thng Tr Nhn (nu i di 12
thng) hoc thay cho th thc (nu i trn 12 thng) khi qu v mun tr
v sau chuyn tm thi ri khi Hoa K. Tuy nhin, nu qu v mun np
n xin nhp quc tch v vng mt hn 12 thng, qu v c th cn phi
trnh Mu n N-470 duy tr tnh trng c tr nhm mc ch xin nhp quc tch.

LI
KHUYN

Cc Trng Hp Min Tr Cho Qun Nhn

Cc iu kin v thi gian c tr lin tc v thi gian hin din thc t c th s khng p dng cho nhng
qu v ang ti ng hoc va c gii ng ra khi Qun Lc Hoa K. Qu v c th tm hiu thm trong
Mu n M-599, Thng Tin V Th Tc Nhp Quc Tch Dnh Cho Qun Nhn (Naturalization Information
for Military Personnel). Thng th mi cn c qun s phi c mt ngi ph trch vic x l n xin nhp
quc tch ca qu v v chng thc Mu n N-426, n Xin Giy Chng Nhn Phc V Qun i hay
Hi Qun (Request for Certification of Military or Naval Service). Qu v phi np Mu n N-426 cng vi
n xin nhp quc tch. xin cc mu n cn thit, gi ng Dy H Tr Qun i ca USCIS theo s
1-877-CIS-4MIL (1-877-247-4645). Qu v cng c th tm thm thng tin ti www.uscis.gov/military hoc
gi cho Dch V Khch Hng theo s 1-800-375-5283.

102

2. S Hin Din Thc T

S hin din thc t ngha l qu v thc s c mt Hoa K. Nu qu v l
thng tr nhn, qu v phi c mt ti Hoa K ti thiu 30 thng trong thi gian
nm nm va qua (hoc 18 thng trong thi gian 3 nm va qua, nu kt
hn vi cng dn Hoa K) trc khi qu v c th np n xin nhp quc tch.

S khc nhau gia Hin Din Thc T v thi gian C Tr Lin Tc

Hin din thc t l tng s ngy qu v trong phm vi lnh th Hoa K v khng bao gm thi gian qu v
ngoi lnh th Hoa K. Mi ngy qu v ngoi phm vi lnh th Hoa K u khng c tnh vo tng
thi gian hin din thc t. Nu qu v ri khi Hoa K mt thi gian di, hoc c nhiu chuyn du lch ngn
nc ngoi, c th qu v s khng p ng yu cu v thi gian hin din thc t. tnh thi gian hin
din thc t ca mnh, qu v hy tnh tng thi gian qu v sng Hoa K. Sau tr i tt c nhng
ngy qu v i nc ngoi. y cng tnh lun c cc chuyn i du lch ngn Canada hay M-hi-c.
Th d, nu qu v i chi M-hi-c vo cui tun, qu v vn phi tnh chuyn i ny khi tnh tng s ngy
qu v nc ngoi.
C tr lin tc l tng thi gian qu v c tr Hoa K vi t cch l thng tr nhn trc khi np n
xin nhp quc tch. Nu qu v c mt chuyn i nc ngoi qu di, qu v c th lm gin on thi gian
c tr lin tc ca mnh.

3. Thi gian Tiu Bang hoc Qun USCIS

Hu ht nhng ngi np n nhp quc tch phi sng tiu bang hay qun
USCIS ni h np n t nht ba thng. Cc sinh vin c th np n xin nhp
quc tch ni i hc hoc ni gia nh ca mnh sng (nu cn ph thuc vo
h tr ca ph huynh).
4. T Cch o c Tt
hi iu kin nhp quc tch, qu v phi l mt ngi c o c tt. Qu
v khng c coi l c o c tt nu phm php trong khong thi gian nm
nm trc khi np n xin nhp quc tch, hoc ni khng ng s tht trong
cuc phng vn nhp quc tch.

103

Nhng Hnh Vi C Th Cho Thy Thiu T Cch o c

Li xe trong lc say ru hoc thng xuyn trong tnh trng say xn

nh bc bt hp php

Mi dm

Gian di xin quyn li nhp c

Khng tr tin cp dng con ci khi c lnh ca ta

Ngc i ngi khc v l do chng tc, tn gio, ngun gc quc gia, quan im chnh tr, hay quan h
x hi

Nu phm mt s ti nht nh, qu v c th s khng bao gi c tr thnh

cng dn Hoa K v rt c th b trc xut khi Hoa K. Nhng ti ny c gi
l cc ro cn (bars) nhp quc tch. Cc ti c gi l i hnh gia trng (nu
phm ti vo hoc sau ngy 29 thng 11 nm 1990), bao gm: c st; hip dm;
xm phm tnh dc tr em; hnh hung bng bo lc; phn quc; v bun bn
bt hp php ma ty, v kh, hoc bun ngi l mt s th d v nhng ti c
th l nhng ro cn vnh vin i vi vic nhp quc tch. Trong hu ht cc
trng hp, nhng ngi c min qun dch hoc b gii ng khi Qun Lc
Hoa K v l ngi nhp c, v l ngi nhp c o ng khi Qun Lc
Hoa K cng b ngn cm nhp quc tch Hoa K vnh vin.
Qu v cng c th b t chi nhp quc tch nu c hnh vi khc cho thy rng
qu v khng c t cch o c tt.
C mt s ti trng khc cng l cc ro cn tm thi i vi vic nhp quc
tch. Ro cn tm thi thng khng cho php qu v tr thnh cng dn Hoa
K trong khong thi gian c th ln n nm nm sau khi phm ti. Cc ti ny
bao gm:

Bt c ti no c tnh gy hi cho ngi khc;

Bt c ti no lin quan n vic gian ln ti sn hay gian ln i vi
chnhph;
T hai ti tr ln, c tng thi gian th n l nm nm tr ln;
Vi phm lut v cht quc cm (th d dng hay bun ma ty bt hp
php);v
t hoc b giam 180 ngy tr ln trong nm nm va qua.

Hy bo co v cc tin n nu c ca qu v khi qu v np n xin nhp quc

tch. Tin n bao gm c cc ti c xa khi h s hoc nhng ln phm
ti trc khi qu v 18 tui. Nu qu v khng khai bo nhng ti ny cho
USCIS bit, qu v c th b t chi nhp quc tch v c th b khp ti.

104

5. Ting Anh v Bn Phn Cng Dn

Nhn chung, qu v phi chng t mnh bit c, vit v
ni ting Anh mc cn bn. Qu v cng phi c kin
thc cn bn v lch s v chnh ph Hoa K (c gi
l bn phn cng dn (civics)). Qu v cn vt qua k thi
ting Anh v bn phn cng dn chng minh kin thc
camnh.
Nhiu trng hc v t chc cng ng gip ngi nhp
c chun b cho cuc kim tra kin thc nhp quc tch.
Qu v c th tm thy cc cu hi kim tra ti
www.uscis.gov/citizenship v www.uscis.gov/
teststudymaterials. USCIS cung cp nhiu ti liu hc
min ph, chng hn nh s tay hng dn, b th hc, cc bi kim tra thc
hnh v bng hnh. Qu v c th nhn thng tin v cc lp nhp quc tch v
ting Anh ti www.uscis.gov/citizenship.
6. Tun Th Hin Php
Qu v phi sn sng ng h v bo v Hoa K cng nh Hin Php Hoa K.
Qu v s tuyn b tun th hay trung thnh vi Hoa K v Hin Php Hoa K
bng cch c Li Tuyn Th Trung Thnh (Oath of Allegiance). Qu v chnh
thc tr thnh cng dn Hoa K sau khi c Li Tuyn Th Trung Thnh.
Trong cc trng hp nht nh, c th c sa i i vi Li Tuyn Th Trung
Thnh. Nu qu v chng minh mnh c khim khuyt v pht trin hoc th cht
khin qu v khng th hiu c ngha ca t Tuyn Th (Oath), vic ny c
th c min.
Nu qu v chuyn ch trong thi gian ch n xin nhp quc tch c x l,
qu v phi thng bo cho USCIS bit a ch mi. trnh Mu n AR-11, i
a Ch trong vng 10 ngy chuyn ch . bit thm thng tin hoc thay
i a ch ca qu v trn mng, vui lng truy cp trang web www.uscis.gov/
addresschange hoc gi cho Dch V Khch Hng theo s 1-800-375-5283.
Qu v phi thng bo cho USCIS tt c cc ln qu v thay i a ch ca mnh.

Min tr, Ngoi L v Ni

Ting Anh v Min Tr Bn Phn Cng Dn
Mt s ngi np n xin nhp quc tch s c p dng cc iu kin kim
tra khc v tui tc hay v khong thi gian h thng tr Hoa K.

105

NHNG TRNG HP MIN TR YU CU TING ANH V BN PHN CNG DN

Nu qu v:

Thng tr vi t
cch l thng tr Qu v c min
thi:
nhn ti Hoa K
trong thi gian:

Qu v phi thi:

T 50 tui tr ln

20 nm

Kim tra ting Anh

Kim tra bn phn cng dn

bng ngn ng ca qu v

T 55 tui tr ln

15 nm

Kim tra ting Anh

Kim tra bn phn cng dn

bng ngn ng ca qu v

T 65 tui tr ln

20 nm

Kim tra ting Anh

Kim tra bn phn cng dn

c n gin ha bng ngn
ng ca qu v

Nu qu v c min thi ting Anh, qu v phi nh mt ngi i cng gip

thng dch cho phn kim tra kin thc v bn phn cng dn.
Ngoi L Y T
Nu qu v b khim khuyt pht trin hoc th cht hoc b thiu nng tr tu,
qu v c th c min kim tra ting Anh v/hoc bn phn cng dn. bit
thm thng tin, gi ng in Thoi Xin n ca USCIS theo s 1-800-8703676 v yu cu h gi Mu n N-648, Chng Nhn Y T Xin Ngoi L
Dnh Cho Ngi Khuyt Tt (Medical Certification for Disability Exeptions) hoc
qu v c th ly mt bn xung t trang web ca USCIS ti
www.uscis.gov/n-648.
iu Kin Thun Li Dnh Cho Ngi Khuyt Tt
USCIS n lc mc c th nhm h tr cc ng vin b khuyt tt hon thnh
quy trnh xin nhp quc tch. V d, nu qu v s dng xe ln, USCIS s m
bo l qu v c th c ly du tay, phng vn v nhp quc tch ni m xe
ln c th i vo c. Nu qu v b khim thnh v cn phin dch ngn ng
ra du, USCIS s sp xp cho qu v mt phin dch trong cuc phng vn. Nu
qu v cn iu kin thun li do b khuyt tt, vui lng gi Dch V Khch Hng
theo s 1-800-375-5283 hoc 1-800-767-1833 (dnh cho ngi khim thnh)
yu cu iu kin thun li.

L Nhp Quc Tch

Nu USCIS chp thun n xin nhp quc tch ca qu v, qu v phi tham d
l nhp quc tch v c Li Tuyn Th Trung Thnh. USCIS s gi cho qu v
Mu n N-445, Giy Thng Bo L Nhp Quc Tch v Tuyn Th (Notice of
Naturalization Oath Ceremony), cho qu v bit thi gian v a im ca bui
l. Qu v phi in vo mu n ny v em n bui l.

106

Nu khng th d l c vo ngy hn, qu v c th xin hn vo ngy khc.

xin hn ngy khc, qu v phi gi Mu n N-445 tr li vn phng USCIS
ca a phng cng vi th gii thch l do ti sao qu v khng th d l c.
Qu v s np li Th Thng Tr Nhn cho USCIS khi n d bui l. Qu v
khng cn th ny na, v qu v s c cp Giy Chng Nhn Nhp Quc
Tch (Certificate of Naturalization) ti bui l.
Sau khi c Li Tuyn Th Trung Thnh qu v mi c l cng dn. Mt vin
chc s c chm tng phn Li Tuyn Th v yu cu qu v nhc li. Sau khi
c Li Tuyn Th xong, qu v s c cp Giy Chng Nhn Nhp Quc Tch.
Giy chng nhn ny chng minh qu v l cng dn Hoa K.
L Tuyn Th Trung Thnh l mt bui l cng ng. Nhiu cng ng t chc
nhng bui l c bit vo Ngy c Lp, l ngy 4 thng 7 hng nm. Hy hi
xem cng ng ca qu v c t chc bui l nhp quc tch c bit vo ngy
4thng 7 hay khng, v lm th no qu v c th tham d. Nhiu ngi mi
c gia nh n d l ri i n mng sau khi tuyn th xong.

Qu V ang i ng ng
Chng ti hy vng l hng dn ny gip ch qu v.
Hng dn c bin son gip qu v bt u cuc
sng Hoa K, cng nh gip qu v hiu r quyn hn
v trch nhim ca mnh vi t cch l thng tr nhn.
Hng dn cng cho qu v bit cch tham gia vo cng
ng ca mnh. N cng cho qu v bit mt s vn
phi tm hiu thm nu mun tr thnh mt cng dn
c nhp quc tch. Truy cp trang web ca chng ti
ti a ch www.uscis.gov tm hiu thm. Qu v s
tm thy cc ti liu hu ch khc ti a ch
www.welcometousa.gov.
V by gi khi y, qu v c c hi tri nghim mi
th c th c trong cuc sng ti t nc ny. Chng ti
cho n qu v vi t cch l thng tr nhn v chc
qu v thnh cng ti Hp Chng Quc Hoa K.

107

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