Bai tap

1 2 3
3 0 2
1. Cho A =
va B =
. Tm 2A 3B .
4 5 6
7 1 8
7 4
0
S :

29 7 36
2 5 1
1 2 3
0 1 2
2. Cho A =
, B =
va C =
. Tm 3A + 4B 2C .
3 0 4
0 1 5
1 1 1
10 5 11
S:

7 2 10

1 2
2
1 3

3. Cho A = 1 0 , B = 2 1 va C = 0
2 1
4
3 2

6 11

S: 11 3
27 15

2 1
1 2 5

4. Cho A = 1 0 va B =
. Tm
3
4
0

3 4

3 . Tm 5A 3B + 2C .
2

AB , BA .

1 8 10
15 19

S: AB = 1 2 5 ; BA =

10
3

9 22 15

1 3 2
2

5. Cho A = 3 4 1 va B = 1
2 5 3
1

1 5 5
29

S: AB = 3 10 0 ; BA = 17
2 9 7
14

5 8 4
3

6. Cho A = 6 9 5 va B = 4
4 7 3
9

5 6

2 5 . Tm AB , BA .
3 2
56 27

36 19 .
25 11
2 5

1 3 . Tm AB , BA .
6 5

11 22 29
47 77 37

S: AB = 9 27 32 ; BA = 26 44 20 .
13 17 26
101 161 81

2 1 1
2 1 0
T
T
7. Cho hai ma tran A =
. Tnh 3A 2B , A A va AA .
, B =
0
1
4

3
2
2

 4 2 2
10 5 3
2 1
6 5
3

T
T
S: A + B =

; A B =
; A A = 2 2 5 ; AA =
6 7 8
6 1 16
5 17
2 5 17

2 1
2 1 3
1 1

8. Cho A =
.
, B = 0 2 va C =
0
1

0 1 2
1 1

a) Co the thanh lap c tch cua nhng cap ma tran nao trong cac ma tran tren.
b) Tnh AB , ABC .
3

c) Tnh ( AB ) , Cn vi n

S: a) AB, BA, BC, CA .

1 3
1 4
1 n
1
n
b) AB =
(Chng minh : C = C ung. Gia s
; ABC =
; C =
0 1
2 0
2 2
1 n
1 n 1 1 1 n + 1
n +1
Cn =
= Cn C =
. Ta co C

=
ung)
1
0 1
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 0

9. Cho A = 0 0 1 . Tnh A 2 va A 3 .
0 0 0

0 0 1
0 0 0

2
3
S: A = 0 0 0 ; A = 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

10. Cho ma tran

1 2 6

A = 4 3 8 .
2 2 5

Tm ma tran X sao cho 3A + 2X = I3 .

1 3 9

1
S: X = ( 3A I3 ) = 6 4 12
2
3 3 7

k k
11. Xac nh k sao cho
= 0.
4 2k

S:

4 2k

= 2k 2 4k = 2k ( k 2 ) = 0 k = 0 k = 2

12. Tnh cac nh thc cap 2 sau

2 3
sin x cos x
a)
b)
1 4
cos x sin x
S: a) 5; b) 1.

13. Tnh cac nh thc cap 3 sau

2

0 1 1

a) 1

0 1
1 1 0

2
c) 0

1
5

1
2

1 3

b) 1

0 1
1 1 0

3 2 4
d) 2 5 1
0

2 1 4
e) 6 3 2

4
1

1
2

7 6 5
f) 1 2 1
3 2 1

2
3

2 3 4

g) 4

2 3
0 5 1

h) 5 6 7

2
3

1 0 0
j) 3 2 4

0
2

1
3

1 3

i)

8 9 1

4 1

S: a) 1; b) 2; c) 21; d) 11 ; e) 100; f) 0; g) 55; h) 27; i) 5 ; j) 10.

14. Tnh
1
2
a)
3
d

cac nh thc cap 4 sau

0 2 a
0 b 0
b)
c 4 5
0 0 0

1 1 1 0
c)

x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1
1 1 x 1
1 1 1 x

1 1 0 0

1 1 0 1

d)

1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1

1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1

S: a) abcd . Khai trien theo

1 0 2 a
2 0 b 0
3 c 4 5
d 0 0 0

0 2 a
=d0 b 0
c 4 5
= d ( c )

2 a
b 0

hang 4

cot1

= d ( c )( ab ) = abcd

b) x 1

) ( 3 + x ) . Bien oi :
3

x 1 1 1
1 x 1 1
1 1 x 1

1 1 1 x
=

1 1 1 x

1 x 1 1

(1 ) ( 4 )

1 1 x 1
x 1 1 1
1

1 x

x 1

1 x

0 x 1
0

( 2) := ( 2 ) (1)

( 3) := ( 3) (1)

( 4 ) := ( 4 ) x (1)

0 1 x 1 x 1 x2
1
=

1 x

x 1
1 x

1 x

0 x 1
0

1
=

1
0 x 1

(1 x )( 2 + x )

1
0

x
1 x
1 x

x 1

( 4 ) := ( 4 ) + ( 2 )

( 4 ) := ( 4 ) + ( 3)

(1 x )( 3 + x )
2
3
= ( x 1 ) (1 x ) ( 3 + x ) = ( x 1 ) ( 3 + x )
c) 3 ; d) 1

15. Tnh nh thc cap

x
0
0
g
0

5 sau
a b
y 0
e z
h k
0 0

0 c
0 d
0 f
u l
0 v

S: xyzuv . Khai trien theo

x a

b 0 c

0 y

0 0 d

0 f =v

g h k u
0 0

0 0 v

x a

b 0

0 y

0 0

hang 5

g h k u
x a b
= vu 0 y 0
0 e
= vux

y 0
e

cot 4
cot 1

= vuxyz

16. Tm ma tran nghch ao cua ma tran A, neu co,

4

 1 3 7

a) A = 2 1 2
7 1 4

2 5
1

= 22 53 12
9 22
5

S: A

S: A

S: A

S: A

S: A

S: A

S: A

S: A

1 1 2

i) A = 0 1 2
0 0 1

S: A

1 0 0

j) A = 4 1 2
5 3 6

S: A = 0 , A 1 khong co.

1 1 2

b) A = 1 2 1
2 3 4

1 1 2

c) A = 1 2 2
1 3 3

1 2 3

d) A = 0 1 2
0 0 1

1 1 1

e) A = 1 2 1
2 3 1

1 2 3

f) A = 2 1 2
2 1 0

2 2 3

g) A = 1 1 0
1 2 1

1 1 1

h) A = 1 1 1
2 2 0

17. Tm ma tran X sao cho XA =

3 4 6
1 2

A = 0 1 1 va B = 4 3
2 3 4
2 2

11 2 5
1

= 6 0 3
3

1 1 1
0 3 2

= 1 1 0
1 2 1

1 2 7

= 0 1 2
0 0 1

1 4 3

= 1 3 2
1 1 1

2 3 1
1

= 4 6 4
2

4 5 3
1 4 3

= 1 5 3
1 6 4

1 1 1

1
= 1 1 1
4

2 2 0
1 1 4

= 0 1 2
0 0 1

B , vi
6

8
5
5

 1 2 6 1

S: X = B A = 4 3 8 2
2 2 5 2

18. Giai cac phng trnh ma tran

2 17 8

0 3 = 18 0
1 3 16 9
sau
2 1 3
S: X = 3
1

2 5
2

1 2
3 5
X =

3 4
5 9

a)

3 2 1 2
=

5 4 5 6

b) X

26

25
25
5 1 1
=

9 2 3

1 2 2 1 3 2
=
5

3

5 6 2 2 5 4

S: X =

3 1 5 6 14 16
X
=

5 2 7 8 9 10

2 1 14 16 4 3 1 2
=

5

5 3 9 10 2 2 3 4

c)

S: X =

1 2 3
1 3 0

d) 3 2 4 X = 10 2 7
2 1 0
10 7 8

4 3 2 1 3 0 6 4 5

S: X = 8 6 5 10 2 7 = 2 1 2
7 5 4 10 7 8 3 3 3

13 8 12 1 2 3

e) X 12 7 12 = 4 5 6
6 4 5 7 8 9

1 2 3 13 8 12 55 34
51

S: X = 4 5 6 12 7 12 = 148 91 138
7 8 9 6 4 5 241 148 225

1 2 2
7 3 0
4 2 4 7 3 0
20 4 12

f) 3 2 4 X = 6 8 4 S: X = 8 4 2 6 8 4 = 34 8 6
6
2 1 0
1 0 5

6 23 19 0

7 5 4 1 0 5

19. Tm hang
1 2

a) 1 2
3 2

cua cac ma tran sau

1 0

4 2
6 2

1 5 4 3

2 1 2 1
b)
5 3 8 1

4 9 10 5

0
1

1 2 3 2 6

2 1 2 3 8

c)
3 2 1 2 4

2 3 2 1 8

 3 1 1 2
1

1 1 2 4
5

d)
1 1
3 6 9

12 2 1 2 10
1 1 1 1 2

1 0 1 2 0

e)
1 2 2 7 7

2 1 1 0 3
0

1
f)
3

1 3

0 2 3 4
2 0 5 12

3 5 0 5

S: a) 2. Bien oi

1 2 1 0
1 2 1 0
1 2 1 0
2):= ( 2) + (1)
3 ): = ( 3 ) ( 2 )

(
(
0 4 3 2
0 4 3 2
1 2 4 2
3
:
3
3
1
=
+
( ) ( ) ()
3 2 6 2
0 4 3 2
0 0 0 0

b) 2. Bien oi

1 5 4 3

2 1 2 1
5 3 8 1

4 9 10 5

1 5
1
4
3
1
( 2 ) : = ( 2 ) 2 (1 )

0
( 3):= ( 3) 5(1) 0 11 6 7 2

( 4 ):= ( 4 ) 4 (1) 0 22 12 14 4
1

2
0 11 6 7 2

1 5
4 3 1

( 3):= ( 3) 2( 2) 0 11 6 7 2

( 4 ): = ( 4 ) ( 2 )
0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0
0 0
c) 4. Bien oi

1 2 3 2 6
1 2
3 2 6
( 2 ) : = ( 2 ) 2 (1 )

( 3 ) : = ( 3 ) 3 ( 1 ) 0 5 8 1 4
2 1 2 3 8

( 4 ):= ( 4 ) 2(1) 0 4 10 8 14
3 2 1 2 4

2 3 2 1 8
0 7 4 5 20

1 2
3

( 3):= ( 3) 45 ( 2) 0 5 8

( 4 ):= ( 4 ) 75 ( 2) 0 0 18
5

36
0 0
5

2
1
36
5
18
5

6
1 2
3 2 6

4
( 4 ):= ( 4 ) + 2( 3) 0 5 8 1 4
0 0 18 36 54
54
5
5
5
5

0 0

72

0
18
36

d) 2. Bien oi

1
1

12
1

0
0

1 1

1 2

1 2
2
2

5
5

10
10

10 25 50

1 1
1

5
(1 ) ( 2 ) 3 1

1 1
9

10
12 2
1
5

14
3 ): = ( 3 ) ( 2 )
(
0

( 4 ): = ( 4 ) 5 ( 2 ) 0
14

70
0

1 2
2
0

5
0

5
( 2 ) : = ( 2 ) 3 (1 )

1
( 3 ) : = ( 3 ) (1 )

4 ):= ( 4 ) 12(1)
(
9

10
4
5

10 14
0
0

0
0

e) 4. Bien oi

1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 2
( 2):= ( 2) (1)

0 1 2 3 2
( 3):= ( 3) + (1)
( 3) := ( 3 ) ( 2 )
1 0 1 2 0

( 4 ):= ( 4 ) 2(1) 0 1 1 6 5 ( 4 ):= ( 4 ) ( 2)

1 2 2 7 7

2 1 1 0 3
0 1 3 2 1
1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 2

( 4 ):= ( 4 ) + ( 3) 0 1 2 3 2
0 1 2 3 2
0 0 1 3 3
0 0 1 3 3

0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 2 2
f) 4. Bien oi

1
3

4
1

0
0

1 3
0 2

4
3

0 2

1 3

0 12 22
0 22 24

20. Bien
1

a) 2
1

1 0 2 3 4
5

4
(1) ( 2) 0 1 3 4 5 ( 3):= ( 3) 3(1)

( 4 ) : = ( 4 ) 4 (1 )
3 2 0 5 12
12

5
4 3 5 0 5
1 0 2 3
4
4

5
5
( 4 ):= ( 4 ) 1222 ( 3) 0 1 3 4

0 0 12 22 34
34

49
79
0 0 0

36
3
3

luan theo m hang cua cac ma tran sau

1 3

1 m
m 3

m 5m m

m 10m
b) 2m
m 2m 3m

m
c)
1

4 10 1
7 17 3

2 4 1

1 0 2 1 0

2 0 1 2 2

d)
1 1 1 3 2

2 1 1 m 2
S: a) m = 0 hay m = 5 : rank = 2; m 0, 5 : rank = 3.

1 1 3
1
3
1

( 2 ) : = ( 2 ) 2 (1 )
( 3):= ( 3) + ( m 1)( 2)
0
1

m + 6
2 1 m
( 3):= ( 3) (1)
1 m 3
0 m 1
6

1 1
1 1
3
3

m+6
m+6
0 1
= 0 1
0 0 6 + ( m 1)( m + 6 ) 0 0 m2 + 5m

b) m = 0 : rank = 0; m 0 : rank = 2.

m 5m m
m 5m
m
2 ) : = ( 2 ) 2 (1 )

( 3):= ( 3) + 13 ( 2)
(

m 10m
0
9m
12m
2m

( 3 ) : = ( 3 ) + (1 )
m 2m 3m
0 3m 4m

m 5m m

0 9m 12m
0
0
0

c) m = 0 : rank = 3; m 0 : rank = 4.

m
1

2
1

0
0

1 7 17 3
1 1 4
( 2):= ( 2) 2(1)

4 10 1
(1 ) ( 3 ) 2 2 4 1
( 3 ) : = ( 3 ) 3 (1 )

( 2 ) ( 4 ) 3 1 1 4 ( 4 ) : = ( 4 ) m (1 )
7 17 3

2 4 1
m 4 10 1
7
17
3

12
30
5
20
50
5

4 7m 10 17m 1 3m

1 7
1 7
17
3
17
3

5
5
3) ( 4 )
0 12 30
0 12 30
( 3):= ( 3) 1220 ( 2)
(

10
m
0 0

23 m
0
( 4 ):= ( 4 ) + 4 127m ( 2) 0 0
3
2
4

10
m
0 0

0 0

23 m
0
2
4
3

1 7
17
3

0 12 30 5
4 ) := ( 4 ) + 5 ( 3 )
(

m = 0 :
0 0
0 23

0 0
0
0

d) m = 2 : rank = 3; m 2 : rank = 4.

1 0 2 1 0
1 0 2
1
( 2 ) : = ( 2 ) + 2 (1 )

4
( 3):= ( 3) + (1) 0 0 3
2 0 1 2 2
4
:
=
4

2
1
( ) ( ) () 0 1 3
1 1 1 3 2
4

2 1 1 m 2
0 1 3 m 2
1 0 2
1 0 2
1
0
1

4
2
4
( 4 ): = ( 4 ) + ( 2 ) 0 1 3
0 1 3

0 0 3
0 0 3
4
2
4

0 1 3 m 2 2
0 0 0 m+2

10

2
( 3) ( 2 )

2
0

2
2