EDGE Presentation From Nokia

2003 4 18
NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18
Edge
Edge
8PSK
EGPRS
EGPRS
Coding Scheme( )
Incremental
EGPRS
Redundancy/Link Adaption
territory Method
GSMEGPRS
Dynamic
Abis(
Edge
Edge
( )
Edge
SRC
( )
Signalling
Channel()
EDGE


EDGE = Enhanced Data Rates for GSM (or
Global) Evolution
Enhancement results from introduction of new
modulation (8-PSK) + channel coding
schemes+IR+LA
EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS): packet switched channels/

services
New modulation triples the nominal bit rates

Update of the GSM Standard towards 3rd
generation networks/mobiles ->2.75G
5
The IMT-2000 3rd

generation requirements
are fulfilled with EDGE
technology
Operators who do not
get/want 3G-license
(UMTS/WCDMA) can
provide 3G-services
Gradual network update
with relative low
investments on
infrastructure
Compatibility with USGSM1900, international
roaming in Europe and
America.
EDGE capable TRX,

GSM compatible SGSN
EDGE functionality in
the network elements
GGSN
BTS
Gn
BSC
A-bis
Gb
A
MSC
BTS
EDGE capable
terminal,
GSM compatible
EGPRS coverage
More capacity in interfaces

to support higher data usage

(d(3k),d(3k+1),d(3k+2))=
(0,0,0)
8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying) has been

selected as the new modulation added
in EDGE
(0,1,0)
(0,1,1)
(0,0,1)
(1,1,1)
Non-constant envelope high

requirements for linearity of the power
amplifier
Because of amplifier non-linearities, a 24 dB power decrease (back-off) is

typically needed
(1,0,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
3 bits per symbol

22.5 offset to avoid origin crossing
Symbol rate and burst length identical to
those of GMSK
Modulation
Symbol rate
Bits/burst
Gross rate/time slot
EDGE
8-PSK, 3bit/sym
270.833 ksps
348 bits
69.6 kbps
GSM
GMSK, 1 bit/sym
270.833 ksps
114 bits
22.8 kbps
GSM/EDGE GSM
Modulation switch between GMSK and 8PSK
Eight consecutive timeslots (one air interface frame)

Timeslots alternating mode (GSM and EDGE)
dynamically
GMSK does not contain

amplitude information
8PSK does contain

amplitude information

EGPRS updates GPRS for 8-PSK modulation
9 new modulation and coding schemes introduced (GPRS has
4, EDGE MS support all 13)
Two ways to improve and maintain radio link quality: LA-mode
(Link Adaptation) and IR-mode (Incremental Redundancy)
10
Scheme
Modulation
MCS-9
MCS-8
MCS-7
MCS-6
MCS-5
MCS-4
MCS-3
MCS-2
MCS-1
8-PSK
8-PSK
8-PSK
8-PSK
8-PSK
GMSK
GMSK
GMSK
GMSK
Raw Data
in Block
(bits)
2x592
2x544
2x448
592
448
352
296
224
176
Raw Data
in Block
(octets)
2x74
2x68
2x56
74
56
44
37
28
22
Data rate
(kbps)
1 TS
59.2
54.4
44.8
29.6
22.4
17.6
14.8
11.2
8.8
Data rate
(kbps)
3 TS
177.6
163.2
134.4
88.8
67.2
52.8
44.4
33.6
26.4
IP
IP
SNDCP
SNDCP
GTP
GTP
LLC
LLC
TCP or UDP
TCP or UDP
BSSGP
BSSGP
IP
IP
network
service
network
service
L2
L2
L1bis
L1bis
L1
L1
RLC/MAC
RLC/MAC
physical
layer
physical
layer
Abis L1
Um
MS
11
Abis L1
Abis
BTS
Gb
BSC / PCU
Gn
SGSN
GGSN

SNDCP (Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol) Layer
APP
TCP/UDP
IP
SNDCP
Multiplexer/demultiplexer for different network

layer entities onto LLC layer
Compression of protocol control information (e.g.
TCP/IP header)
Compression of data content (if used)
LLC
RLC
MAC
RF
12
Segmentation/de-segmentation of data to/from

LLC layer

LLC (Logical Link Control Protocol) Layer
Reliable logical connection between SGSN and MS

APP
Independent of underlying radio interface protocols
TCP/UDP
LLC Frame
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
RF
13
Addres
s
Control
Information
1-3
1-1520
FCS
3 Octets

Radio Link Control (RLC)/ Medium Access Control (MAC) Layers
APP
TCP/UDP
IP
RLC
Reliable transmission of data across air interface
Segmentation/de-segmentation of data from/to
LLC layer
SNDCP
MAC
LLC
RLC
Control of MS access to common air-interface

medium
MAC
Flagging of PDTCH/PACCH occupancy
GSM RF
14

RLC block 2 + BCS
The figure shows EGPRS channel

coding for the user data part.
convolutional
encoding, r = 1/3
mother code
Coded using 1/3 convolutional code.
puncturing
Three different puncturing schemes

(P1, P2 or P3) can be selected.
Normally one RLC data block is
interleaved over four bursts, except
in MCS-7, two RLC data blocks
are interleaved over the same four
bursts,
in MCS-8 and 9, two RLC data
blocks are interleaved over two
bursts each (as shown in the
figure)
1st burst 2nd burst 3rd burst
P1
P2
puncturing
mother code
convolutional
encoding, r = 1/3
15
RLC block 1 + BCS
P1
P2
4th burst
bursts to
transmit
P3
P3

3 bits
USF
45 bits
612 bits
612 bits
RLC/MAC HCS E FBI Data = 592 bits BCS

Hdr.
TB
Rate 1/3 convolutional coding

36 bits
135 bits
36 bits
124 bits
TB
Rate 1/3 convolutional coding
1836 bits
1836 bits
puncturing
puncturing
SB = 8
E FBI Data = 592 bits BCS
puncturing
612 bits
612 bits
612 bits
612 bits
612 bits
612 bits
P1
P2
P3
P1
P2
P3
1392 bits
Figure: Coding and puncturing for MCS-9; uncoded 8PSK, two RLC blocks per 20ms
16

MCS-3
Family A
37 octets
37 octets
37 octets
37 octets
MCS-6
MCS-9
MCS-3
34+3 octets 34+3 octets
Family A
padding
MCS-6
34 octets
34 octets
34 octets
34 octets
MCS-8
MCS-2
Family B
28 octets
28 octets
28 octets
MCS-5
MCS-7
MCS-1
Family C
22 octets
22 octets
MCS-4
17
28 octets
GPRS
EGPRS
18
coding modulation
scheme
GMSK
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
MCS-1
MCS-2
MCS-3
MCS-4
MCS-5
8-PSK
MCS-6
MCS-7
MCS-8
MCS-9
RLC blks /
radio blk
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
FEC user bits /

code rate
20 ms
0.45
160
0.65
240
0.75
288
n/a
400
0.53
176
0.66
224
0.85
296
1.00
352
0.38
448
0.49
592
0.76 448+448
0.92 544+544
1.00 592+592
bit rate
(bps)
8,000
12,000
14,400
20,000
8,800
11,200
14,800
17,600
22,400
29,600
44,800
54,400
59,200
EGPRS: improved retry mechanisms (

)
Incremental redundancy reduces retry level by sending
successive retries with different puncturing schemes, and softcombining the received data. Gives approx. 2dB gain on
average, but varies with MCS and BLER.
EGPRS not restricted to retrying with same coding scheme.
When link adaptation has occurred within the same family, the
retransmissions can be sent with more robust coding scheme
(c.f. GPRS - same coding scheme always used).
19

IR is a physical layer performance enhancement for the
acknowledged RLC mode of EGPRS.
The basis for Incremental Redundancy (IR) is in the selectivereject-ARQ protocol of the RLC layer. The ARQ protocol takes
care of requesting and retransmitting incorrectly received
blocks.
IR improves the reception of retransmissions by combining the
information in the original transmission (which failed) with the
received additional information, thereby increasing the
probability of correct reception.
The most important standardised feature of Incremental
Redundancy is that MS has mandatory IR combining in its
receiver. IR has also been taken into account in the design of
the coding schemes and block formats.
20

In IR-mode, channel
coding (redundancy)
is increased
gradually (Type II
Hybrid ARQ)
If the first
transmission of radio
block fails, it is
retransmitted with
different puncturing
scheme (P1,P2,P3)
and soft combined
with the old data
Data Block
One MCS
P1
P2
P1
P2
1st transmission
1st retransmission
upon reception
failure
P3
2nd retransmission
upon reception
failure
P1
Protection Level 1
No data
recovered
P1
Stored
P1
Stored
Receiver
P2
No data
recovered
Combination : Protection Level x 2
Combination : Protection Level x 3
21
Transmitter
P3
P2
Stored
P3

GPRS "send and pray
Transmission of GPSR data block
Interference > corruption of data
Block not accepted
Re-transmission
Block not accepted
Re-transmission
Block not accepted
EGPRS "send and minimise re-sending"

Transmission of GPSR data block
Block not accepted > Store block
Puncturing
scheme 1
Re-transmission
Puncturing
scheme 2
Soft combining Block accepted
Higher reception propability leads to higher user data rates

22
TU 3km/h
Throughput kbit/s
No frequency hopping
23
C/I

Link adaptation (LA) is needed to adjust channel coding and
modulation to changing radio conditions.
Low (M)CSs have low throughput and can operate in bad
conditions.
High (M)CSs have high throughput but need good conditions.
The task of the link adaptation algorithm is to select the optimal
CS or MCS for each radio condition to maximise channel
throughput and satisfy delay and error rate requirements.
24

60
Throughput vs. C/I in TU3 ideal FH.
50
Realistic IR memory has been

used.
The algorithm works by using BEP
reports from MS to select the
coding scheme.
The task of the link adaptation
algorithm is to select the optimal
MCS for each radio condition to
maximise channel throughput.
Throughput kbit/s
The figure shows the performance

of a BEP based LA algorithm.
MCS-1
MCS-2
MCS-3
MCS-4
MCS-5
MCS-6
MCS-7
MCS-8
MCS-9
LA
40
30
20
10
0
0
25
C/I
10
15
20
25
30

MCSs with equallysized RLC data
blocks are directly
compatible (5 and 7;
6 and 9).
An MCS-8 block can
be padded with
zeroes to get an
MCS-6 block.
A block can be split
into two pieces of a
lower MCS.
Family C
Family A
MCS-1
MCS-3
22
37
MCS-1
MCS-1
MCS-3
MCS-3
22
22
37
37
MCS-4
MCS-6
44
74
MCS-9
Family B
74
MCS-2
28
MCS-3
MCS-2
MCS-2
28
28
MCS-3
31
37
MCS-6
68
MCS-5
56
MCS-8
68
MCS-7
56
26
74
56
68

Link Adaptation is implemented in a form of look-up table
Mean BEP and CV_BEP is reported by the MS in Packet DL ACK/NACK
mesage. It allows the calculation of BLER without latency.
LA takes into account MS memory limitations
8PSK_CV_BEP
Example of Look-up table:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
8
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
9
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
10
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
11
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
7
12
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
13
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
8 PSK MEAN BEP

14 15 16 17 18 19
6 6 7 7 7 7
6 6 7 7 7 7
6 7 7 7 7 7
6 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7
7 7 7 7 7 7
20
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
21
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
22
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
23
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
24
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
25
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
26
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
27
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
28
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
29
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
MCS that maximises throuhghput (including

retransmissions) given the radio link conditions
27
30
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
31
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
32
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Throughput
no LA
no IR
with
IR
unacceptable
high
Delay
with LA
moderate
high
Sensitivity to errors in LA
no IR
with
IR
no LA
n/a
n/a
with LA
high
low
no LA
no IR
with
IR
unacceptable
long
with LA
short
short
IR memory consumption
no IR
with
IR
no LA
n/a
high
with LA
n/a
low
EGPRS link adaptation and incremental redundancy together give optimal

performance !
28
[kbps]
60
The figure shows throughput vs. C/I of

EGPRS and GPRS in TU3 ideal FH
with all features enabled.
GPRS coding schemes CS-1 and -2
are supported by Nokia.
EGPRS, IR + LA
GPRS CS-1...4, ideal LA
50
GPRS CS-1&2, ideal LA
40
30
some data rate improvement for high

C/I.
20
EGPRS brings a much higher

improvement, and it improves the data
rates for all C/I values compared to
either CS-1&2 or CS-1...4.
10
0
0
10
15
[dB]
29
20
25
30
EGPRS Territory Method( )
TRX 1
CCCH
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TRX 2
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
Additional
(E)GPRS
Capacity
Default
(E)GPRS
Capacity
Territory border moves

Dyna mica lly based on Circuit
Switched traffic load
30
Dedicated
(E)GPRS
Capacity
Circuit
Switched
Territory
Packet
Switched
Territory

Ultra Site BTS
Talk Family BTS
Segment 1
BTS 1 (sector 1)
EDGE TRXs
BTS 1' (sector 1)

TRXs
(BCCH)
Segment 2
BTS 2 (sector 2)
EDGE TRXs
BTS 2' (sector 2)

TRXs
(BCCH)
Segment 3
BTS 3 (sector 3)
EDGE TRXs
BTS 3' (sector 3)

TRXs
(BCCH)
EDGE-capable and non-EDGE-capable

TRXs can be combined into one segment.
Common BCCH/multi BCF functionality
used to distribute traffic between layers.
Can be used with, e.g., Talk/Ultrasite
31
Segment-1
Where separate EDGE and non-EDGE

B
layers exist, territories can be defined
for each.
GPRS territory
BTS-1
Non-EDGE
TRXs
BTS-1
BTS Synchronisation permits

intelligent resource management.
(E)GPRS territory
EDGE TRXs
Segment-2
GPRS Enabled TRX = off
GPRS Enabled TRX = off
BTS-2
Non-EDGE
TRXs
BTS-2
(E)GPRS territory
32
EDGE TRXs
TSL 0
one master time slot

in case datarate does not fit into
16kbit/s time slot => always allocate
straightly 4*16kbit/s from the "pool"
Example: MCS7, 44,8 kbit/s,

16k permanent + 4*16k in the pool
33
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
TRX 1 BTS 1
TRX 2 BTS 1
TRX 1 BTS 2
TRX 2 BTS 2
TRX 3 BTS 2
TRX 1 BTS 3
TRX 1 BTS 4
TRX 2 BTS 4
POOL
S9 - GPRS is all best effort

S10.5 ED Support EDGE, QoS based on priority
Packet scheduling takes account of QoS class
Gold, Silver, Bronze and Best-effort
Gold = highest priority, Best-effort = lowest priority
Implementation
RLC-level
The higher the priority, the more frequently the user is scheduled for
resource access
LLC-level
Where flow control may restrict the data flow, highest priority users traffic
transferred with lowest delays
Delay insensitive packet applications may be suited to besteffort, whereas delay-sensitive applications may require Gold
QoS
34
VIP user
Budget user
Machine user
Possibility to divide users to Gold, Silver and Bronze or e.g. VIP and
budget
Best effort = no QoS
Priority QoS for applications
Streaming,
Best effort
Streaming,
Priority = 1, GOLD
Browsing,
Best effort
Browsing,
Priority = 2, SILVER
MMS,
Best effort
MMS,
Priority = 3, BRONZE
Prioritisation of applications without effecting the end-user experienced

quality for the most urgent applications (like streaming)
Can provide cost-efficiency especially in the GPRS & EGPRS radio planning !
35
EDGE
36
37
GSM
Modulation
GMSK
Es/No=Eb/No
8-PSK
Es/No = Eb/No +
4.77dB
Assumes:
38
Es/No
Rb=271kb/s GMSK, 822kb/s 8-PSK

Rs=271ks/s GMSK/8-PSK
B=200kHz
Envelope (amplitude)
Time
GMSK
(0,0,0)
(0,1,0)
(0,1,1)
8PSK
(0,0,1)
(1,1,1)
(1,0,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
22,5 offset
39
Time
Pout
GMSK
Compression point
Time
Pin
Back Off= 4 dB
8PSK
40
Time
3,2 dB
Peak to Average of
Ultrasite EGPRS v Talk speech
Es/No
Incremental redundancy
Fast fading margin
Body loss
8-PSK tx back-off
Combiner loss (assumes 1 Ultra/ 2 Talk config.)
Total
dB
-9.0
+2.0
+2.0
+3.0
-2.0
+3.5
-0.5
+ values indicate Ultrasite system gain, - values indicate Talk system gain
MCS-5 @ 10% BLER = 20kb/s per timeslot, so 60kb/s on downlink for 3+1 terminal
41
Ultrasite EGPRS v Talk speech
Es/No
Rx sensitivity
Incremental redundancy
Fast fading margin
Body loss
8-PSK tx back-off
Total
dB
-9.0
+2.0
+2.0
+2.0
+3.0
-4.0
-4.0
+ values indicate Ultrasite system gain, - values indicate Talk system gain
42
EGPRS Coverage Relative to MCS-5 (noise limited)

2.5
Relative range
2
1.5
1
0.5
MCS-5 coverage approx 50% of that of MCS-1

MCS-8 coverage approx 40% of that of
MCS-5
No IR
43
S9
M
C
S8
M
C
S7
M
C
S6
M
C
S5
M
C
S4
M
C
S3
M
C
S2
M
C
M
C
S1
Based on:
Ultrasite TRX, tx combiner by-passed
For MCS-5, 10% BLER
Allowable path loss approx. 150dB
44
Ultrasite coverage for uplink/downlink for MCS-5 very similar to

Talk speech
GMSK data not subject to tx back-off, thus improving link
budget
Signalling uses GMSK - Ultrasite signalling therefore has better
coverage than Talk signalling
45
1800 band, static conditions, 10% BLER for MCS1-9, 1%FER for voice
With EGPRS there is
improved coverage
compared to GSM voice
180
160
140
120
100
For voice, the

coverage is
limited by the UL
direction (around
150dB)
80
With EGPRS, UL and DL can have different MCS:
Downlink Path Loss (Static 1900)

60
UL speed at the voice coverage limit is

determined by MCS-3
Uplink Path Loss (Static 1900)

40
DL speed at the voice coverage limit is

determined by MCS-6
Link Balance (Static 1900)

20
Reference Coverage Footprint
0
Voice (>=Q3)
46
MCS-1
MCS-2
MCS-3
MCS-4
MCS-5
MCS-6
MCS-7
MCS-8
MCS-9
EGPRS and EAMR improve coverage

especially at city indoors and rural areas
GPRS
EGPRS
Ave. 3 dB IR gain
EGPRS with SRC

Ave. 3-5 dB SRC gain
GSM voice
Existing
GSM
site
10 kbps border
1
1.2
1.8
Note: Downlink, Includes Incremental Redundancy and Link Adaptation
47
EAMR voice
Ave. 2 dB SRC gain
EAMR voice with SRC

Ave. 3-5 dB SRC gain
48
Throughput
With Impairments
C/I
49

EGPRS highest data rates require high C/I, typ > 20dB for
MCS-7, 8 & 9
Loose re-use patterns will provide optimum performance for all
load levels. There is a trade-off between spectrum efficiency
and data rate performance.
EGPRS traffic suited to BCCH use - typically the layer with
highest C/I. But limited no. of TSLs available on BCCH; may
need to use TCH layer too.
EGPRS works also well in hopping TRXs
50
Useful benchmarks for system performance

Assume 3 TS terminals
Allow for rx impairments
Assume Incremental Redundancy
Approx. 9dB C/I for 64kb/s (TU3 nFH)
Approx. 20dB C/I for 128 kb/s (TU3 nFH)
If > 3TS terminals, reduced C/I requirement
51
Kbit/s
60
Network Changes
Microcells
Picocells
Dual Band Allocation
Radio Features IUO
(Regular Only) /FH
Traffic Management
50
40
ideal MCS
ideal MCS IR
30
20
10
C/I
0
10
15
20
25
30
User Throughput - User Perceived Data

Rate
BSS Dimensioning - Less TSL occunpancy
52
Optimization
Antenna Tilting
Parameter Optimization
Effective Fault &
Performance
Management

C/I Improvement
+10dB
+5dB
Smart Antenna
GSM/EDGE BTS
Multiple element
Antenna Array
Intelligent U/L &

D/L Diversity
Digital
beamforming
GSM
S p ee
ED
ch C
GE
over
(32 Da
age
kbi ta C
t/s
o
per verag
TS e
)
SW upgrade to
Nokia UltraSite
Nokia GSM/EDGE Smart
Antenna Solution
Uses conventional
Antenna system
Phase 1
Phase 2
Reduces impact of 8-PSK tx power and increased C/I requirement
53
For Delay Diversity minimum two EDGE transceivers and two antennas (or Xpol. antenna) are needed for one cell. The same downlink signal is transmitted
through two antennas.
Auxiliary transmission is delayed 1-1.5 symbol periods which gives good
performance for all modulation schemes. Random Phase hopping degreases
correlation between the main and auxiliary transmitter.
BTS
Main TX
MS
Received signal
Delayed TX
Delay &
Random
Phase
Aux
All time slots are transmitted through two transceivers and

antennas, all time slots are sending in BCCH
1 TRX
2 TRX
54
0.
7.
0.
7.
For extending the data coverage/capacity by boosting BTS downlink

transmission performance up to 5 dB (min. 3 dB) for selected radio timeslots
(bursts).
Minimum two EDGE transceivers and two antennas (or X-pol. antenna) needed
for one cell. The same downlink signal is transmitted through two antennas
when needed for better C/I. Using DDD reduces possible simultaneous traffic
connections respectively.
Auxiliary transmission is delayed 1-1.5 symbol periods which gives good
performance for all modulation schemes. Random Phase hopping degreases
correlation between the main and auxiliary transmitter. Correlation between
the antennas has to be low.
BTS
Main TX
MS
Received signal
Delayed TX
Delay &
Random
Phase
Radio timeslot specific downlink diversity

transmission
1 TRX
2 TRX
55
0.
7.
0.
7.
Normal traffic
Traffic that needs boosted
downlink
Throughput
C/I
56

Common Channels
BCCH/CCCH
PBCCH
PPCH
PBCCH/PCCCH
PDTCH
PAGCH
PRACH
PBCCH available in BSS S10

GPRS and EGPRS will not impact on AGCH
and PCH
Increased data rates will lead to heavier
signalling demand for given traffic occupancy
and applications
(Note - PBCCH traffic is not carried on TRXSIG)
57
EDGE phase 2 based on ETSI release 2000 - GERAN

Real-time services over EGPRS (including voice)
Combined RRM with UTRAN (QoS-based)
AMR-speech over 8-PSK channels
Wideband codecs
"Hi-Fi Speech
Full-rate, half-rate, quarter-rate and eighth-rate
All-IP core network - for PS and even CS traffic
58

EDGE can offer cost-effective implementation of 3G services
With the new 8-PSK modulation, gross bit rate can be greatly
increased
Main trade-off is decreased robustness against noise and
interference - coverage reduction for 8-PSK schemes
Incremental redundancy can give significant improvements
EGPRS coverage (Ultrasite, MCS-5) similar to Talk-family
speech coverage
Increased network capacity - more data per timeslot
Signalling impact small - Packet channels
59
End-to-end performance is a concept that takes into account

the user experience during the service
It takes into account not only the radio performance, and the
core network performance, but also the behaviour of the
TCP/IP and application layer
Shows the real speed of the service
The next slides illustrate the difference in service perception
between GPRS, EGPRS for a typical example (web browsing)
60
Web browsing
examples
Press the
buttons below to
experience a web browsing
service for the selected radio
technology:
GPRS
EGPRS
Assumptions:
135KB web page

RLC payload throughput:
GPRS EGPR
(4+2)
S
(3+2)
Kbps
44
116
DL
Kbps
22
77
UL
61
Web browsing
examples
GPRS Web
Downloading
BACK
62
Please wait
Web browsing
examples
EGPRS Web Downloading

BACK
63
Please wait

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2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS): packet switched channels/

New modulation triples the nominal bit rates

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

The IMT-2000 3rd

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

EDGE capable TRX,

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

More capacity in interfaces

8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying) has been

Non-constant envelope high

Because of amplifier non-linearities, a 24 dB power decrease (back-off) is

3 bits per symbol

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

Modulation switch between GMSK and 8PSK

Eight consecutive timeslots (one air interface frame)

GMSK does not contain

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

8PSK does contain

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

Multiplexer/demultiplexer for different network

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

Segmentation/de-segmentation of data to/from

Reliable logical connection between SGSN and MS

Independent of underlying radio interface protocols

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

Control of MS access to common air-interface

Flagging of PDTCH/PACCH occupancy

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

The figure shows EGPRS channel

Coded using 1/3 convolutional code.

Three different puncturing schemes

1st burst 2nd burst 3rd burst

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

RLC block 1 + BCS

RLC/MAC HCS E FBI Data = 592 bits BCS

Rate 1/3 convolutional coding

Rate 1/3 convolutional coding

E FBI Data = 592 bits BCS

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

FEC user bits /

EGPRS: improved retry mechanisms (

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

NOKIA EDGE 2003 4 18

Combination : Protection Level x 2

Combination : Protection Level x 3

Interference > corruption of data

Block not accepted

Interference > corruption of data

Block not accepted

Interference > corruption of data

Block not accepted

EGPRS "send and minimise re-sending"

Interference > corruption of data

Block not accepted > Store block

Interference > corruption of data