Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Final-Ivatan Ortho Ver. Dec 2015
Final-Ivatan Ortho Ver. Dec 2015
NAYTULAS:
GEORGANN GABILO-CARIASO
Education Program Supervisor
KONSULTANT:
FLORENTINO H. HORNEDO, PhD
UNESCO Commissioner/Consultant on Ivatan Culture and Language
Ortograpiya Ivatan
Revised 2015
U Naytulas
ORTOGRAPIYA IVATAN
U GRAFEMA
U LETRA SIRA
Aa
ey
Bb
bi
Cc
si
CHch
si eyts
Dd
di
Ee
I
Ff
ef
Gg
ji
Hh
eyts
Ii
ay
Jj
jey
Kk
key
Ll
el
Mm
em
Nn
en
eye
NGng
en ji
Oo
ow
Pp
pi
Qq
kyu
Rr
ar
Ss
es
Tt
ti
Uu
yu
Vv
vi
Ww
dobolyu
Xx
eks
Yy
way
Zz
zi
U DI SIRA LETRA
Mayalit u Filipino kanu English a maparin a sirbien du ngaran da nu
umunut aya. Uyud a importante u katudin nu chirin a sirbien. Anu Filipino u
pinasitnanan su kasirbi su ngaran nu simbolo am paytaytadien ava kanu English
na du kapaytulas. (rule on consistency of the language form)
kudlit; apostrophe ()
gitling; dash(-)
gatlang; hyphen ()
U IVATAN ALPABETO
Chirin du madday su Letra (Key Word)
VIDANG
NU LETRA
29
A
B
C
Ch
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
NG
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
PANANURAN
VOWELS
CONSONANTS
DIGRAPH
U Nivuhud sa Letra
23
e- eroplano
Ex.: eroplano, engkahe. U () geget
sivug ta chirin a Ivatan am I - ina
o - okra
mabnek du mid, central, u unas
pinakayapuan
akma
su:
na.
Gobernador,
anghel, empanada
O,o
machalit
du
Filipino. An abneken ya nu
Ivatan am Uu. Akma su:
eroplano as an abneken
am iruplanu
B-bagu
C-computer
D-dadima
F-faluwa
G-gadang
H-hama
J-jinjin
K-kama
L-lukuy
M-mani
N-nana
-ipen
NG-ngaran
P-pusak
Q-Quadrangle
R-rida
S-sudi
T-tintin
V-vuday
W-wawahu
X-x-ray
Y-yuyunu
Z-zebra
ChChavayan,
chidat,
tachay,
chayi
C, Q, X, Z machalit du
English
anmana
pinakayapuan na
du
Aa
Ee
(adapted words)
Ee (as )
(u sivug a Ivatan)
Ii
Oo
(adapted words)
Uu
Vowels
Ivatan
amung
angang
abkas
aradu
akus
eroplano
engkahe
elepante
entablado
examin
geget
riyes
kahedes
rayem
atep
ijang
ipes
ipun
Inlu/ilu
iswan
Oktubre
opisina
obispo
okra
ostrich
uhed
unas
uhu
umang
uvi
English
fish
jar
wave
plow
garlic
airplane
lace
elephant
stage
examination
lizard
sea current
styrofoam
needle
roof
natural fortress
cockroach
shrimps
thread
handbar
October
office
bishop
okra
ostrich
worm
sugarcane
head
hermit crab
yam
Letra
Bb
Cc
(abneken a Kk)
Cc
(abneken a Ss)
Ch
Dd
Ff
Gg
Hh
Consonants
Ivatan
baratay
bintan
bulyas
bagu
bubuh
cake
coke
carrot
computer
Celso
citizen
cellphone
Cely
Cesar
chidat
chimuy/timuy
chibut
Chavayan
chipuhu
dijaw
dipawu
dibang
dakaw
dichud
faluwa
fecha
frasku
familia
galagal
gatus
gavu
gait
geget
husung
huvay
husagen
hahan
hait
English
scaffoldings
window
onion
pig
feather; fine feather/down
or hair
cake
coke
carrot
computer
Celso
citizen
cellphone
Cely
Cesar
lightning; type of fish
rain
spear, arrow
A barrio in Sabtang
bread fruit tree & its fruit
bottle
lima beans
flying fish
goods for sale
back
passenger boat
date
type of bottle
family
saw
sin; debt
arm wrestling
disease;illness
lizard
wooden mortar
earrings
pig food
limestone
heaven
jinjin
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
jip
jihuk
jaket
jam
kahehep
kanayi
kalapay
kadupi
kulchib
lamisa
lukuy
laji
laylay
lapis
mayis
manumanuk
muhamuha
mahep
mahakay
naned
nanawuy
nunuk
nuka
nasbang
uy
ii
Ng
Pp
isu
ipen
ngaran
ngares
ngalab
ngahay
pinuspus
palek
payi
pantaw
paltug
pencil
corn
bird (generic)
plants
night
male/boy
housefly
flying net
kind of shrub/bush
wound
orphaned
coconut
earthquake;also refers to a
monocot used for hat and basket
weaving
bad weather
tooth/teeth
name
gum
sharp edge
saliva
rope
native wine
lobster
door
gun
Rr
Ss
Tt
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
Quezon
Quiapo
quadragle
aquarium
Quintin
rawut
ravil
rachi
raya
rapuyan
sagap
susi
savusavung
salawsaw
saryu
tatus
tulay
talugung
tana
takey
vuhawan
viiveh
vuhawu
vatu
vahay
wakay
wari
warawara
wasay
x-ray
Xerox
xylophone
taxi
yuvuk
yungu
yangaw
yaru
yayu
zipper
zoo
zebra
Zamboanga
zero
Quezon
Quiapo
quadragle
aquarium
Quintin
millet
violin
rust
blood
stove
fishing net
key
flower
wind
necklace
coconut crab
bridge
(type of native) hat
soil/land
farm/field
gold
banana
ant (generic)
stone
house
camote
younger sibling
belongings
axe
x-ray
Xerox
xylophone
taxi
type of basket
fence
branch/twig
community work/free labor
run
zipper
zoo
zebra
Zamboanga
zero
I.
U KABNEKAN NU CHIRIN
Patulasen u madday su letra nu chirin. Abneken u ngaran nu letra a
Chirin
Silaba
U KAPAYTULAS
U KABNEKAN NA
vahay
/vi-ey-eych-ey-way/
dijaw
/di-ay-jey-ey-dobolyu/
chitu
/si-eych-ay-ti-u/
Viola
/capital vi-ay-ow-el-ey/
maka
/em-ey-key-ey/
paycha
/pi-ey-way-si-eych-ey/
um
/yu-em/
mang
/em-ey-en-ji/
Akronim
/es-di-si/
/bi-en-es-eych-es/
/bi-ey-ti-ey-en-i-el-si-ow/
/pi-ji-ow/
Daglat
SB (Sangguniang Bayan)
Dr. (doctor)
Hon. (Honorable)
Mrs. (Missis)
/ef-vi-ar/
/em-el-kyu/
/ef-eych-eych/
/si-pi-ar/
Simbulo du Science/Mathematics
II.
Au (gold)
/ey-yu/
Km (kilometer)
/key-em/
m (meter)
/em/
Fe (iron)
/capital ef-i/
U KAPAYTULAS SU CHIRIN
A. U unutan du kapay-translate, kavuhud su chirin a machitarek:
1.
2.
zebra
taxi
pizza
eroplano
Diyos
entablado
klase
partido
opisina
Sirbien u katulasan anmana ispeling nu chirin sira a Kastila a nayendes dana sirbien.
familia
guarda pelo
de perlas
fecha
faluwa
lechon
yembra y macho
- makina
- selebrasyon
- biyahe
- makina
- selebrasyon
- biyahe
Filipino
Ivatan
-ispeling (baybay)
-institusyon
- Ingles
- ispeling
- institusyon
- Ingles
3.2
Ivatan
- kamadid
- Lamisa
- komik
- bulyas
- akus
- sidula
- silaba
Hulyo
Agosto
Setyembre
Oktubre
Nobyembre
Disyembre
Lunes
Martes
Miyerkules
Huwebes
Biyernes
Sabado
Duminggu
caao
power point
aquarium
Ifugao
keyboard
printer
Badjao
calcium
disk
mamajes mamahes
Jose - Jose
Imnajbu- Imnajbu
Mahatao (mahataw)
- Mahatao
anghel (anghil)
entabblado
milagro
eroplano
partido
obispo
wakay
12. Miyan sira u chirin a miyan su silaba a chi, niya sira am abneken da nu Ivasay
kanu Itbayat a ti.
chimuy- timuy
chipuhu tipuhu
chitu titu
12.1.
chiban - tiban
anchi - anti
chibdas tibdas
chayi
chinilas
tachi
tatchay
chirin
ichan
ichamu
chinarey
Chanarian
sicharaw
chitahen
Chanpan
ichasaray
chidat
Filipino
Ivatan
lechon
letson
lechon
achara
atsara
achara
pitcher
pitser
pitcher
13. Paypiruahen u vowel nu chirin a miyan su long vowel sound. Niya am asa ka silaba
akma su umunut sira aya.
taaw (taaw)
manaaw (manaaw)
suut (suut)
tuud (tuud)
Adjectives
idi kaidian
uvi kauvian
upu kaupupuan
sirbi - sirbien
sirbi - sirbian
yapu pinakayapuan
- vuhuDen
- PudpuDen
- vahuDen
- kudkuDen
- patuhuDen
- vadicheDen
- adpiDan
- lataBen
- aneban
- aiben
- vuhuRen
- pudpuRen
- vahuRen
- kudkuRen
- patuhuRen
-vadichiRen
- adpiRan
- lataVen
- aneVan
- aiven
Basco
St. Dominic
Abril
Lunes
Si Supervisor
familia
contest
- contest [contest]
2. U kasirbi su hyphen.
2.1.
i-text
may-text
nay-text
i-check
ipa-LBC
i-computer
may-computer
mapa-computer
napa-computer
2.2.
bagubagu
vatuvatu
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
..aku anchi
niya u
..imu ava
yapu anchi
f.
U PANANURAN DU GRAMATIKA
I.
II.
Common Nouns
si Ama mu
si Kaka mu
si Wari mu
simna Maran mu
sa kamnan niyu
sa wari niyu
samna katayug da
samna apu niyu
du takey
du katuvang
du rarahan
du tukun
Tuviran:
U
NU
= articles the; a; an
= preposition of
Tuviran:
Na
Da
5.1.
5.1.1
SA.
u vuhavuhawan sa
u tukutukun sa
u papipapil sa
u kanekanen sa
5.1.2
U Ngarangaran Sa
Tawu
Warawara
hakay
kubang
apu
alat
katayug
tangkal
mutdeh
vakul
malkem
Talugung
Panmavakes
kamnan
mavinayi
ina
apu vakes
kurang
piyan
Viay
bagu
pagad
kaddin
Chitu
lagaitan
Panmahakay
maran
maluku
ama
apu hakay
kuyis
hayran
Lugar
takey
Sabtang
kanayan
Ijang
pungsu
Maparin Du
Mavakes Kan du
Mahakay
kakteh
viay
iapuan
apuapu
bagu
arayu
U mapaparin
pista
paychakuvutan
paymuhan
mayain
parahmetan
Neuter
Jip
tataya
kayukayu
hakawan
computer
papil
inumen
laji
isturya
takey
asi nu kayu
palek
Nunuk du Tukun
Si Jose Baut
Nakamaya
hantak
III.
IV.
pangayan
ahapen
sadiwen
idakaw
ipuha
ipaniplut
machinanau
machisakay
machibaka
machihuahuk
machilimus
manyapas
mangunas
makatayatu
makavuya
mapasuli
mapavuya
mayayu
mayvuyas
maywakay mayvahay
U silaba na, nay, kanu infix a um u parapahen du root word a vaheyan niya u
nakaparin na rana (past tense).
U pa anchi am parapahen du root word a vaheyan niya u kaparin pa anchi siya
(future tense).
Verb
(rootword)
kuman
tada
yayu
angay
sakay
vuyas
U taytu a
Pariin(present)
kuman
tumada
mayayu
mangay
sumakay
mayvuyas
kayat kumnayat
sakay - sumnakay
Tenses
1. Simple present tense, indicative mood
Mangay aku du kaiskuylan.
Mangay ka du kaiskuylan.
Mangay [siya] du kaiskuylan.
Inclusive:
Mangay ta du kaiskuylan.
Exclusive:
Mangay kami du kaiskuylan.
2. Simple past tense, indicative mood.
Nachinanawu aku kakuyab.
Nachinanawu ka kamahep.
Nachinanawu [siya] a may-piano.
Inclusive:
Nachinanawu ta du Matimatiks.
Exclusive:
Nachinanawu kami du Matimatiks.
3.
V.
U ADJECTIVES SIRA:
1. Paypiruahen u vowel nu manawdi a silaba (CV/CVC)an niya u kavuyan
(judgment) mu su asa ka tawu anmana warawara.
Masulib(adj.) - masuliib
Mavid (adj.) -maviid
Rakuh (adj.) -rakuuh
2.
- malialistu
- matuatuhus
- masdesdep
3.2
- mayid
- marahmet
- malistu
- masdep
Degrees of Adjectives:
Positive
rakuh
mavid
maganay
mavaheng
matava
Comparative
rakurakuh
maviavid
maganaganay
mavahevaheng
matavatava
Superlative
rakkuh
mavvid
magannay
mavahheng
matavva
4. U ADVERBS SIRA:
URAS/TIEMPO (Time)
kakuyab ( yesterday )
kamahep ( last night )
sicharaw ( today )
andelak ( tomorrow )
du ka mavukhas ( in the morning )
sichamavukhas ( this morning )
sichamaraw ( this noon )
du kamaraw ( at noon , in the day time )
kamaraw ( the noontime [ that has just passed ] )
sichamakuyab ( this afternoon )
du ka makuyab ( in the afternoon )
du ka malatyat ( at dawn )
du duminggu aya ( this week )
du manam aya duminggu ( this coming week )
du nakarahan aya duminggu ( last week )
du vuhan aya ( this month )
APPENDIX A
RULES ON GRAMMAR
I.
The Sentence
The normal structure of Ivatan sentences is PREDICATE followed by SUBJECT. (They are
unlike English and Spanish sentence which have SUBJECT + PREDICATE structure).
1. Mangay aku du takey.
Go I to the field.
2. Mapawal kami di Chaytapan.
Pasture {cattle} we in Chaytapan.
3. Mayvasavasa ta su ayub.
Wash we blanket.
4. Mayayit sa du kamaysan.
Remove weeds they in the corn fields.
5. Magarado si Pilo su unasen.
Plows Pilo a field for sugarcane.
6. Makedked u pagad. du vutalaw.
Is tethered the carabao to the palomaria tree.
Note: a.The preposition DU [to the] is used before common nouns.
b.The preposition DI is used before proper nouns.
Ivatan translative verbs distinguish between those that produce change in their object (as
in kuman, mangharip) and those that do not (as in aiven, ichaddaw, kakuvuten) thus:
1. Kuman sa su wakay.
Eat they camote.
2. Manghap ka su rakanen.
Cut/Slice you vegetable.
3. Aniven mu U iapwan mu.
Give respect you to parent your.
4. Ichaddaw da U lipus da.
Love they to relative their.
5. Kakuvuten na u manganak ni Paulina.
Marries he/she to son/daughter of Paulina.
Interrogative sentences are made with the use of ARA, PARU, or ARA PARU.
ARA translates as Is/Are there.?; and ARA PARU is Would there be ? PARU
translates as Would? Thus;
1. Mangay aku PARU du takey?
Go I would to the field/farm?
2. Mapawal kami PARU di Chaytapan?
Pasture we would/should in Chaytapan.
3. Mayvasavasa ta PARU du ayub?
Wash we would blanket/s?
ARA ta PARU mayvasavasa du ayub?
Are we supposed /expected to wash /launder blanket?
4. ARA PARU sa a mayayit du kamaysan?
Are supposed they to remove weeds in the cornfield?
Are they removing weeds in the cornfield?
Are they weeding the cornfield?
5. ARA magarado si Pilo du unasen?
Is plowing Pilo a field for sugar cane?
ARA PARU magarado si Pilo su unasen?
Would plow Pilo a field for sugarcane?
6. ARA a makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
Is tethered the carabao to the palomaria tree?
ARA PARU a makedked u pagad du vutalaw?
Is tethered the carabao the palomaria tree?
Another usual way of asking questions in Ivatan is to the use MIYAN (there is/are). This also
appears as MIYAN PARU, but it is common to drop PARU.
and the use of verbs which starts with the prefix MAKA(to be able) as in:
2. MAKAyi ka si chamakuyab?
Can come you this afternoon?
3. MAKAkayat si Rudy su iuy?
Can climb Rudy coconut tree?
4. MAKAparin sa su kavadag?
Can make they a kite?
Many imperative sentences in Ivatan are like interrogative statements.
1. Mangay ka du takey.
Go you to the field/farm.
2. Mangunas sa anchi an makuyab.
Will cut sugarcane they this afternoon.
Their imperative mood is indicated by the tone of voice.
Another way of indicating a command is to use verbs ending in the suffixes AN, EN, and IN as
in ADISAN, APNUHEN, and PANGAYIN.
1. AdisAN mu sa u lata aya.
Put (water) you into these cans.
2. ApnuhEN mu nu ranum u angang aya.
Fill you with water this (big) jar.
3. PangayIN niyu sa u pawpaw du karakayan dira.
Place you (pl.) the salted fish where (the sun) can shine on them.
II.
Nouns; Ngaran
The closest Ivatan word for the English word noun is ngaran (name). Nouns are (1) proper,
or (2) common.
Proper nouns are names of specific (a) persons, (b) places,(c)things, or (d) events. In writing,
they are marked by writing their initial letter in capital. Names of living persons are preceded
by SI, and if dead, they are preceded by SIMNA.
1. si Juan
2. si Maring
3. simna Berto
4. simna Apu niyu
Names of relationships when referring to particular persons are also proper nouns, such as:
5. si Ama ta
6. si Kaka mu
7. simna Maran da
But names of relationships when in plural form are common nouns. They are preceded by the
plural SA (if living), and SAMNA (if dead):
8. sa kamnan niyu
9. sa wari ta
10.samna katayug da
III. VERBS
Ivatan verbs are indicated by a large number of affixes which appear alone or in combination,
such as: AN ,EN (pronounced n ), I, IPA , IPAN, MA, MACHI, MAKA, MAN/MANG,
MANG/MAN, MAPA, MAY, MAYA, MAYCHA, PA+EN, PA+HEN, PAYCHA and UM.
1. AN ( Suffix)
aptusan ( to massage)
iplutan ( to whip)
aphutan (to spread liquid over the surface of something)
The prefix MACHI also indicates to search out for the purpose of buying or acquiring.
machiuchy ( to look for eggs to buy)
machibak ( to look for cattle to buy)
machibabag ( to look for hogs to buy)
machimamank ( to look for chicken to buy)
machilims ( to beg for alms)
6. MAN/MANG ( prefix)
This prefix indicates to search and catch or get/gather what is indicated by the rootword.
manats [man + tatus ](to catch coconut crabs)
manyaps ( to cut camote tops for planting)
manirang (to catch turtles)
manas [ man+sasa] ( to cut and gather reeds)
manipuh [ man+chipuhu] ( to gather breadfruit [artucarpus rimas])
manaaw [man+naaw] (to gather edible marine creatures on the tidal shelves at low tide )
manikdi [manchikdi] ( to catch the fish called chikdi)
The prefix MAN becomes MANG when the noun root that follows begins with k or
vowels.
mangunas [man+unas] ( to cut sugarcane)
mangamung [ man+among] ( to catch fish)
manguyta [mam+kuyta] ( to catch octopus)
mangutchuy [ man + uchuy] ( to steal eggs)
manguyab [ man + kuyab ] ( to catch the hawk[kuyab])
The prefix MAN+noun with reduplicated first syllable also indicates to search and catch,
get/gather what is indicated by the noun.
manpapayi ( to catch lobster)
manyayayng ( to catch the yayang)
manyuyuyun ( to catch the yuyunu)
manyayayd ( to gathered wild lettuce called yayud)
But the prefix MAN+nouns which indicate privately owned objects may indicate theft or
illegal acquisition.
manmamank ( to steal chicken)
mankakass ( to steal dried salted beef)
manvivinachi ( to steal firewood )
8. MAKA ( prefix)
The prefix MAKA indicates that the happening or condition indicated by the root word
happens to, or is attain by the agent.
makamy [maka+kamya] (to be satisfied)
makasdh [maka+asduh] ( to reach the top or upper limit)
makalsd [maka+alsad] (to slip)
makatayat [to reach the top of)
makatayar (to be able to climb up an incline)
makateptep (to fall on one`s haunches)
makahut (to finish one`s cooking)
makapy (to be good)
makayt [maka+ayit] ( to be strong)
makarakh (to get a big amount ; to grow big/large)
makarrakkuh ( to get the biggest share/piece)
makatan (to have[something]all to oneself)
makasagl ( to be lucky in fishing)
makavuy (to be able to see;to find)
makamng [maka+among] (to catch a lot of fish)
makas [maka+]asa,etc,](to catch /get one etc.)
9. MAPA (prefix)
The prefix MAPA indicates that the agent performs or accomplishes the action or condition
indicated by the rootword.
mapakar ( to remove )
mapasiyy ( to separate;to detatch )
mapasul ( to annoy;to make angry)
mapasdp ( to bring in; to make someone/something enter)
mapatungtng (to complete:to fulfill)
mapasuyusuyt (to behave in a manner that tends to attract attention and doting affection,
usually said of children)
mapasajt (to hang [something])
mapasyasi ( to attract sympathy,compassion,pity)
mapasuksk ( to thrust something into a hole)
mapahbt ( to send out; to put outside ;to bring out)
mapauyd (to be serious; to do one`s level best)
mapakavs ( to finish, to complete)
mapakapy ( to repair )
mapavuy ( to show; to demonstrate)
10. MAY ( prefix)
The prefix MAY indicates that the agent performs the action indicated by the action word
that follows it.
mayay [may (y) ayu]to run)
mayvuys ( to sweep)
maychipchp ( to cut grass ,shrubs,and the like)
In some instances MAY followed by names of domestic equipment such as vangapot,lamisa-table, and tankal-sled, indicates meanings other than construction of so that an
idiomatic marker indicates the difference by reduplication of the first syllable of the root word.
mayvavang ( to make clay pots)
maylalamis ( to make a table or tables)
maytatanggkl (to make sleds)
If the root word in the above verbs is not reduplicated in the first syllable, this is what
results:
mayvang ( to have a pot)
maylamis (to set the table ; to have a table)
maytangkl (to use a sled)
11. MAYA ( prefix)
The prefix MAYA + name of an object with the distinctive smell/flavor indicates that the
thing referred to smells like the indicated objects.
mayangt [maya (a)ngut]( something smell)
mayakelnw ( to smell like fish)
mayahanangn ( to smell like camote tuber over soaked in water )
mayavungtt ( to smell like spoiled food )
mayavuvuyk ( to be malodorous)
mayararak (to smell like rotting animal flesh )
mayasesdp [maya+asdep](to smell sweet)
mayasisilm ( to smell like vinegar )
mayatangli ( to smell like a male goat)
mayasaid ( to smell like the saidu tree a fragrant smelling tree)
mayagigis (to smell like the aroma of sauting garlic)
mayatemtm ( to smell like something burned)
mayapepsng [ maya+apseng ] ( to smell like burned food )
mayapapalk [maya+palek] ( to smell like alcoholic beverage especially the one brewed
from sugarcane juice)
mayagajn ( to smell like overripe fruit)
mayahumyng ( to smell like burned or overheated oil or animal lard or fat
mayakapy ( to smell like ripe pineapple)
18. UM ( infix)
The infix UM has the same sense as the prefix UM, and the simplest explanation is that
the difference is idiomatic, and euphony.
kumn ( to eat )
kumayt ( to climb)
gumtn ( to come down )
tumayar ( to go uphill ; to go up and incline )
tumuhs ( to go upwards ; to grow new shoots )
tumans ( to cry )
tumul ( to fall or shed as of tears)
sumang ( to branch out; to pay attention)
sumajt (to get caught as if caught by the hook.
sumuksk ( to thrust and get caught into )
sumadsd ( to get thrust as by a backward motion)
dumph [ um+ adpeh ] (to stick onto something)
tumudh [um + dudah ] ( to reach)
sumurd (to comb one`s hair)
19. MAYPA ( prefix)
This prefix indicates directional action specified by the root word.
maypasib ( to be on the way towards the field; to be on the way to work.)
maypaud (to on the way from the farm or work)
maypat ( to be on the way up )
maypahb ( to be on the way down )
maypasungt (the way on the towards the distant island)
maypkanayn ( to be on the way toward the seashore or beach)
maypakwn( to be on a given direction )
maypvand ( to be on the way towards the village )
maypanm ( to move forward either in space or in time)
maypays ( to move backwards )
maypahuli/maypakahul ( to turn to the left)
maypawann/maypakawann (to turn towards the right hand side)
maypaswt ( to be positioned as to produce a contrary force.
maypachinunng (to be or run parallel to)
maypasui ( to move out feet first)
maypabatbt ( to be positioned in such a way as to lie across)
20. MA ( prefix)
The prefix ma + root word that indicates a condition or state of being indicates the
condition and / or state of being of the subject.
mapy ( to be well ; to be good)
masuyt ( to be happy )
mapsng [ ma + apseng ] ( to be burned [ said of food being cooked);to be victim of
drought[said of food being cooked); to be victim of drought [said plants ])
makuly ( to dehydrate ;to be dry )
Note: The foregoing is to be distinguished from the interrogative in the simple indicative mood.
a. Why do I not sleep?
ii. Angu u di chu a makaychehan?
b. Why does he not study?
i. Angu u di na machinanauan
Comparative
maviavid
masulisulib
mapangpangtu
mapsepsek
maydaydak
masuyusuyut
maihaihama
mawadiwadi
mappya
Superlative
mavvid
masullib
Mappangtu
Mpsek
Mydak
Massuyut
Maihamma
Mawaddi
mappiya
Condition
Kasdken ( in the midst of, at the height of )
Katanyyen na ( the calmest state of [ said of sea condition ])
Karahtten na ( in the worst condition of )
Kapyhhen na (the best condition in which to)
Makanhhu su ka (at the right time/ condition for)
Degree
Uyud a (very, truly, genuinely)
Akma su (somewhat, a bit)
Mahara a (gravely, seriously, [usually said of illness])
Maymetmet (very gravely ill ] , very many)
Tud a (just [do something [without ceremony or complicated action])
Maychakuhtten (at its hottest )
Maychakaytten (at its strongest )
APPENDIX B
GLOSARYO
Pinatulas ni Ayrine C. Geronimo
U MASAIB SIRA IPAISIRIN (Common Expression)
Ivatan
English
Kapyan ka/kamu pa nu Diyos .
Good..
- sichamavukhas
- morning
- sichamaraw
- Noon
- sichamakuyab
- Afternoon
- sichamahep
- Evening
Diyos mamahes
Thank You
As kanimu pa
Youre welcome
Mangay aku du
I am going to.
Yapu aku du
I am from.
Vuhuren ku pa u.
May I borrow.
Maypasinsya ka/paypasinsyan mu
Im sorry..
yaken
Un
Yes
Umba
No
Katen
I dont know; Im not sure..
U MASAIB SIRA IYAHES (Common Questions)
Angu ngaran mu?
Whats your name?
Sinu ina/ama mu?
Who is your mother/father?
Dinu angayan mu?
Where are you going?
Yapu ka dinu?
Where did you come from?
Papira dana u awan mu?
How old are you?
Dinu katdan mu?
Where do you live?
Maipira ya?
How much is this?
Sinu rarayay/kayvan mu?
Who is your companion/friend?
Angu ya?
What is this?
Angu uri?
What is that?
Angu sira uri?
What are those?
Sinu ka?
Who are you?
Sinu u tawu aya dawri?
Who is that person?
Kangu nakawara mu?
When did you arrive?
Papira u.?
How many?
Maypangu paru?
How?
Paypanguhen?
How is this done?
Makayamut du angu?/Unta paru?
Why?
dentist
doctor
laborer
housemaid
midwife
fishermen
therapist
tailor/dressmaker
haircutter
blacksmith
doctor
seller/storekeeper/vendor
carpenter
driver
mason
teacher
nurse
priest
farmer
ENGLISH
house
door
window
roof
stairs
inside/living room
outside
backyard
kitchen
dining room
bathroom
comfort room
bedroom
porch
shed
lower ground
shutter
hangnan
irutung/pangatung
ispihu
kaldiru
kama
kuchara
kuchilyu/ipangan
kurtina
lamisa
lukuy
padaynasan/paisisan
pakul
palyuk
panay
pangengnat
paradur/paladur
planggana
pungus nu hangnan
rapuyan/panutungan
rasay/rarasay
savun
susupit
tabayan
tagaw
takuri/panguhatan
taru
tatavu
tinidur
trapu
tutuhan
twalya
vagatu
vuvuyas
pillow
firewood
mirror
kettle
bed
spoon
knife
curtain/draperies
table
bolo
doormat
ladle
frying pan
plate
pot holder
closet
basin
pillow case
stove
bed sheet
soap
clothes clip
clothesline
earthen jar (for lard )
tea kettle
jar (for fermenting wine)
dipper
fork
hand/dish towel
mortar & pestle
towel
chopping board
broom (both soft and tingting)
ADJECTIVES
IVATAN
dekey
madumi
magulang
mahma
makarang
makasiasi
makay
makuryap
malijat
malimeng
malistu
manamunamu
ENGLISH
small; little
soft voice/quite
slender (person, animal)
soft
tall
poor
shiny
dimly lit
uncomfortable
stingy smell
fast
clean (more on things)
manaru
manyuvek
mapangtu
mapayas
mapya
maradinep/mapsek
marahet
marahet su taham
marahus
maranum
marayi
marudit
masari
masdep
masehdang/mariyal
masngen
matalakak
mataripis
matava
matukpuh
mauhas
mavasa
mavid
mavudis
mavukay
mavuyuk
mawadi
mauritek
mawvung
maydamnay
maydid
maynakem
mayid
munaunas
rakuh
long
suffocating smell
industrious
rough
good
well behaved
ugly
not delicious (food)
clean (personal)
watery mixture
far
dirty
dark
delicious/fragrant/tasty/appetizing
bright
near
lazy
thin (paper, cloth)
stout/chubby/fat
thick
smooth
wet
beautiful
short (living things, mountains)
thick (mixture)
odorous
slow
slender (things)
wide
comfortable
narrow
rich
short (non-living things)
sweet
big
Legs/calfs
muscle
buttocks
back of head
fine hairs; down
eye lashes
eye brow
small finger
thumb
pointer finger
English
chinayi
danguy
danguy
datchan/dadatchan
galesges; lagesges
kabedberan
kabungen
kahukutan
kakamay
kakamay nu padang
kalangangan
kamansasanga
kasindan
katinghan
kavunghuan
Kedwan; keddan
kudit
kudit nu uhu
kuku
lagaw
manghuvuk
mata
miin
mumudan
muyin
ngares
ipen
paa
padang
pakuh
pai
paygadangan
pisi
puaw
pused
putuhan
rapan
rida
ridas
sai
sapad
sichu
susu
tachay
tadia/chiduan
taglang
tanuru
tatakad
intestines
Face (Basco)
Mouth (other towns except Basco)
anus
tendons
wrist
urinary bladder
back of knee
fingers
toes
Chest; breast
molars
ankle
waist
joints
armpit
skin
scalp
nail
neck
tall finger
eye
beard and mustache
nose
Forehead/face in other towns
gums
Teeth/tooth
thigh
foot
shoulders
inner thigh/groins
ring finger
cheeks
lungs
navel
nape
palm
tongue
spleen/
jaw
hips
elbow
bust
arm
ear
ribs
hands
sole
tawul
tehnan/tetehnan
tuhang
tulyang nu mumudan
tumid
tuud
uhu
utek
uvan
uyat
vatu
vituka
vivi
vukeh
vuuk
yanga nu uhu
heart
throat
bones
nostrils
chin
knee
head
brain
white hair
blood vessels
kidney
stomach
lips; mouth (in Basco)
protruding bones on joints
hair
skull
English
fish
sea urchin
dorado
eel
pig
cow
dog
crab
moth
centepede
earthworm
lizard
spider
cockroach
shrimp
turtle
horse
goat
sheep
rat
grasshopper
butterfly
dragon fly
garden slug; chiton (water)
heron
chicken
bird
small snake
piglet
carabao
bat
duck
lobster
cat
chick
praying mantis
coconut crab
snail
worm
milipede
hermit crab
insects
animal
snake
ant
English
type of fungi that grows on dead pandan
ginger
atis
(Podocarpus costalis) Provincial tree of Batanes
tavayay
uluten
unas
uvi
vahusa
valit
vunes
vinay/binay
viiveh
vuchid
wakay
VIDAVIDANG (Numbers)
Ivatan
abu
asa
dadua
tatdu
apat
dadima
anem
papitu
wawahu
sasyam
asa puhu
asa sicharua[asas charua]
dadua/dua sicharua.
dadua puhu/rua puhu
duapuhu kan asa . . .
tatdu a puhu
tatdu a puhu kan asa . . .
apat a puhu
apat apuhu kan asa . . .
dadima puhu
dadima puhu kan asa . . .
anem a puhu
anem a puhu kan asa . . .
pitu a puhu
pitu a puhu kan asa . . .
wawahu a puhu
wahu a puhu kan asa . . .
sasyam a puhu
sasyam a puhu kan asa
asa yatus
asa yatus kan asa. . .
dadua yatus
dadua yatus kan asa. . .
tatdu a yatus
gourd
vines
sugarcane
yam
eggplant
rattan
dried gabi petiole
berry
banana
cogon
camote
English
zero/none
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
twenty
twenty one
thirty
thirty one
forty
forty one
fifty
fifty one
sixty
sixty one
seventy
seventy one
eighty
eighty one
ninety
ninety one
one hundred
one hundred one
two hundred
two hundred one
three hundred
NUMBER-QUANTITY RELATIONSHIP
IVATAN
machalit; mayalit
aruaru kanu
dekedekey kanu
maypapere su..; mayhayhahaw su
papapere
rakurakuh kanu
ENGLISH
equals; the same; equivalent
more than
smaller than; less than
lesser by..
less than..
bigger than../greater than
ORDINAL NUMBERS
IVATAN
manumma
ichadua/icharua/ichadadua
ichatdu/ichatatdu
ichapat
ichadima/ichadadima
ichanem
ichapitu
ichawahu
ichasyam
ichapuhu
ichasa na sicharua
icharua/ichadua na sicharua.
U PANPANGAN SIRA (MEASUREMENTS)
Ivatan
adpa
aru
aruba
dekey
kakapat
ENGLISH
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
nineth
tenth
eleventh
twelveth
English
arm span
plenty/many
approximately11.5 kls
small
one fourth
kara
kilu
kilumitru
libra
litru
madinung
mayhahaw/papere
mitru
puntu
rakuh
rangan
tunilada
half
kilo
kilometer
pound
liter
whole
few
meter
almost an inch
big
hand span
ton
KULUKULUR (COLORS)
Ivatan
English
mamutimutin
aqua; clear and bluish
manianil
of the color of indigo, deep blue
maihama
yellow
marem
green
masesngen du mavaya
refers to all shades of red
masinsinta; makdekdem
of darker shade
masinta
darker in color
masinta a mavaya
dark red
masuhaw
pale color
masuhaw a mavaya
lighter shade of red
mavaheng
black
mavahevaheng
darker
mavaya
red
mavayavaya
darker shade of red
mavuavu
gray; ashen
maydak
white
Tuviran: Sirbien u ngaran na du Ingles nu kadwan a kulur a niya su chinaywaman dana.
KURKURTI KADA VULIVULIT (SHAPES AND LINES)
Ivatan
English
machinunung
parallel
madeded
round/circular
malulug
oblong
manaru a vulit
long
mavahavaha
square
maybabat; maypababat
horizontal
maykurus
intersecting lines
maynanaru
elongated
mayid a vulit
short
maypatnek; maytenek
vertical
vulit
line
Tuviran: Sirbien u ngaran na du Ingles nu kadwan pa sira kurti.
English
tomorrow
next year
later
One week
year
next week
last year
every year
night
afternoon
noon
early evening
midnight
morning
twilight
minutes
dawn
this year
seconds
hour
English
Oktubre (Oktubri)
October
Nobyembre (Nubimri)
November
Disyembre (Disimri)
December
Tuviran: Sirbien u ispeling na du Filipino ta niya u chinaywaman dana.
U MAYPAKWAN DU KAPARIN NU KAWAN (Weather)
Ivatan
English
adey
thunder
adipugpug
tornado/whirlwind
amian
winter
ain
typhoon
apun
dew
araw
sun
ayukayam
northeast monsoon
chidat
lightning
chimuy/timuy
rain
demdem
clouds
madiatangat
warm
dipamchi
squall
kahehep
fog
kavavayat
southwest monsoon
mahteng
calm/ no breeze
makuhat
hot
maynannget
warm
mamalaymay
breezy/windy
manahebneb/mahanebneb
cold
maymuit
Warm and humid
makunem
cloudy
vuhan
moon
rayun
summer
salawsaw
wind
saliisin
drizzle
saisi
sea spray
sumarilayaw
rainshower
Phases of the moon
kabuhen
maysapat
a day before new moon
samurang
new moon
maypalang du katayara
first quarter
Tiva nu rumay
Chadua na ahep nu rumay
Ichatdu na ahep nu rumay
matuhud
full moon
maypalang du kausuk
last quarter
makaha
malabtek
mamu
mangsah
mainangtang
mapamahbu
masuyut/masaray
matbel/ mamegpeg
mawawa
maychahehhen
maychaavut
mayet
maynanahet
mayin
michaychay
milut/sumuli/maket
nakin
tahaw
vukahaw
love
panic or sudded fear accompanied by
confusion
bravery
sulkiness
sick
tingling of the spine or teeth due to
screeching or grating sound/ or smell of
taste of sour fruit
weak
pride/boastfull
fear
sad
jealous
humble
happy
chilling
healthy
tingling of the spine; or standing of hair on
ones skin due to great surprise or wonder
sudden irrational fear or fright caused by a
perception of a ghostly presence
strong
envy
painfull
resentment
angry
surprise
Cowardice
Terror or horror of great brutality
English
catching coconut crab
fishing
dressmaking/tailor
black smith
garlic production
basketry
weaving
pigery
cow raising
carpentry
store keeping/merchant
mason
goat raising
poultry raising
vegetable raising
wine making
planting rice
farming
making vakul for women and kanayi for
men using banana leaves/ vuyavuy
pottery
salt making
managap
manakdit
manawuy
manayrin
mangna; mamasid
manguyta
manuhu
mapatag
mataw
may-rublight
sumuhu
English
basket
plow
hoe
crow bar
handbar
u-shape hook to pull out grass
mans basket
hooked bolo
cart
ax
bolo
pick mattok
harrow
sled
knife
wire/stick used to push fish in its hiding place
tuyungan
line
pestle
auger bit
winnow basket
galagal
husung
imbudu
ipitpit
kawa
pakul
pangatesan/pasuk
pasek
pinuspus
martilyu
masu
sipilya
susupit
ururan
vaivang
U PARIPARINEN SIRA (COMMON VERBS)
Ivatan
adkan
akteven/tedteran
anban/anevan
apsahen
ariglahen
chiban/tiban
dumugud
gumtin/gumchin
ivahey
iwangan
kapyahen
kuman
kumaru
kumayat
kusukusuhun
machimisa
machinanawu
machisisirin
madiman
madmin
madudug
makanta
makatachi
makaupis (women)/makapeteg( men)
makaycheh
mamarin
mamidi/pidien
mamirit
mamiritu
saw
mortar
funnel
paddle used in pottery
vat
laddle
sugarcane crusher
nail
rope
hammer
Sledge hammer (iron)/mallet if made of wood
plane
tongs
stone grinder
chisel
English
to kiss
tocut
to close
to break (as in nut or glass)
to arrange
to look
to kneel
to get down
to tell/say
to open
to fix
to eat
to leave
to climb
to crumple
to hear mass
to study
to converse/talk to
to die
to smile
to tumble
to sing
to defecate
to urinate
to sleep
to make
to choose
to tear
to fry
mamitu
mayplancha
mamulas
mamutut/pututen
manadiew
manakaw
manalamad
mananaya
manarin
mandasda
mandiman (animal )
mandiman (person)
mangadi
manganuhed
mangatung
mangay
mangey
manghuras
manghusag
manghuya
mangtuktu/iktuktu
mangudit
mangurugud
manintin
maniplut
maisirin
manngey
manungdu
manuruh
manutung
manguyas
mapasadiew
mapakan
mapalid/paliren
mapalidulidu
mapavidi
mapawal
mapaynaynahah/mapayninihah
marius
masuyut
mayaradu/magaradu
mayayu
maychababaka
maychadidichi/maychadachichi
maychadisuhed
maychalukoy/maychadukuy
maydasal/machihuahuk
maydisna
to whistle
to iron
to harvest/pick
to break (as in wood;sticks)
to buy
to steal
to watch
to wait
to kick
to chop firewood
to slaughter
to kill
to dig
to obey
to build fire
to go
to shout
to chew
to feed the pigs
to scold
to think
to peel
to drag
to ring the bell
to whip
to greet
to listen
to point
to give
to cook
to wash the dishes
to sell
to feed
to peep
to sway
to return (as to return things)
to tend (to animals)
to rest
to take a bath
to laugh
to plow
to run
to crawl
to hop (with one leg)
to turn around
to bow
to pray
to sit
may-drawing
mayi
mayjisijis
maylakat
maylaylay/mangunay
mayliliyak
maylir
maymuha
maynamunamu
maypuha
maypunas
mayrara
maysagsag
maytetnek
maytulas
mayvasavasa
mayvuyas
minum
muhbet
naknakmen
natalyad/nakalsad
navuya
pachunungan
padpeten
paduyduyen/padeldelen
padduhen
pagsiren
palangen
pangayen
pariin
pavulawen
payatayen
paychapidien/paychabinbinen
paysaglen/simuken
rarahen/manara
sirbien
sumakay
sumavat
sumdep
sumitnan
sumurud
suiten
tawagan
tumada
tumais
tumayu
tumuhus/tumayara
tumuvu/mayparakuh
to draw
to come
to scrub
to run after
to dress
to talk
to read
to plant
to clean
to throw garbage
to wipe
to carry
to chop
to stand
to write
to wash clothes
to sweep
to drink
to go out
to recall
slipped
found
to take care
to hold
to push
to pour
to throw
to pull
to put on
to do
to set free
to distribute
to sort
to mix
to invite
to use
to ride
to go home
to get inside
to start
to comb
to bite
to call
to dance
to cry
to hide
to go up
to grow
tupiren
tuviran
umayam
unungan
vadedehen
vaguten
vulayen
yahes
yangay
to fold
to remember
to walk
to keep something
to roll
to uproot
to spread out (as in mat)
to ask
to bring