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    Lose Your Accent in 28 Days PDF

    Uploaded by

    Jhanier Cetre

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 52
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the following people for their help in preparing this system: Mike Hensel of InMotion Studios, Mike ‘Weiss and JefT Kinnelly of ImageWeaver Studios, Mike Mack of DatMap, Manny Jose of Mannytoons, Joe Marr of the President’s Club, and Dr. Karen van Hoek of the University of Michigan, TasLe or CONTENTS Iyrropuction How to use Tas Syste. ee 1 Hexprut TeRMiNococy, ae 4 Puoneric ALPHABET. s Parr Iz Vows & CoNsoNANTS Untr 1: Vowets © Vowers /i/ ano i @ Vowers Jet! ano fel. © Vowrts /e/ ano sal. © PRACTICE WITH Ol unser 12 © Vowes./o/ 3 Vowss (>i iets 15 @ PRACTICE WITH /9fa 16 © Vows /u/ . Es @ Vows ful. : sel @ Practice witt /U/ AND Ju. 19 @ Vowet fous... @ VOWEL fal @® Practice win /av.. © VOWEL /AW. renee @ Practice win /av/. @ Vows /ow.. @ Vows: fav. © Vowr Jaa. © Vows fia! © Vowni. /eav. @ VoweL foav, @ Vowns fara’. @ Vows /ava. Unrr 2: Consonants Consowst Fp b7 IV AND Pho © Consonirs /S/ Ano /2h © Consonants fal AND (8! Practice wn fol Is 10 ano I © Consonanr /fl. © Consonsrt /3/. @ Paxcrice wenn /f/ AND thn © Consonant /f © Consonant fs © Consonaet ih. © Comainine /ff /d3/ and yl an SENTENCES. ® ConsONANT Ml : oot ® Consoxae id ® Consors / © Consonant I... © Coxsonae Mh @ Practice wren A ON wit. © Covasarions oF /r/ aND @ Consonants fin fn /A/. @ Consonants k/ ano ig PART Il: Ruyris, Stress & Evervpay Sreec PATTERNS U; Linkine @ Livxivo: Consonant + Vows. © Linvensc wins Vowrts Wir Wonps & Between Wows, Lavine wenn // iN TH: MipoL oF a oro... © Liskixo wrt mie Woro “the”. © Liskin wir THE Same Sounn. Unrr 4: Syiianie Stress © Comrounv Nowrs... Se 68 Numnuns: Teens & Tess. 69 Nouns, Apsectives & Veres. racenseatyeepae dD @ Owner Svitanies, Unrr 5: Everypay SPEECH PATTERNS @ ron. Seinen @ Consonant /t/ Consonant. @ Witew AV Brcowes (a. @ Giormat Stors........ @ Proxounersc tut Levren “x @ Hivors fv Cosson @ Hope /y/ Cossos.. Can & Can't . ares © Woe rae Lerten ‘hs not Prosouncn, 81 © Waren “and” Becomes /ani. 83 @Cowreactions : 84 {@ Pronounctna Frva ‘Consonants ee @ ‘5° ar me END oF 4 Worn. © ProouNciNc The Final ‘ed? rox Past-Tenst ENDINGS oF Reautar Vers. GLossary OF IDIOMS... Worth the investment: Many of Ravin’s corporate clients have told her that by reducing their accents, they've been much more successful at work. They find new levels ofjob security, and they're asked their opinions more often. Many move from being “outsiders” to being core decision-makers in their companies. Promotions and salary increases often follow. Ravin’s university students have told her that by reducing their accents, they’ve become more effective in the classroom and beyond. They fit in better with classmates, feel more comfortable participating in classroom discussions, and interview more successfully for professional positions. st: This rapid language acquisition method will bring you dra- matic results within one month, Return to the system and “brush up” (practice) any time. How to Use ts SystEM Lose Your Accent in 28 Days" is designed to help you master the key elements of clear, accurate, and effective American English pronunciation. The system has three parts: a workbook, a CD-ROM, and an audio CD. ‘The workbook has five units. The first two units teach vowels and ‘consonants, You'll use the CD-ROM to study these units. The next three units teach rhythm, stress, and advanced speech patterns, ‘You'll use the audio CD for this part. The workbook contains the text of the CD-ROM and audio CD, plus many helpful techniques for pronunciation Please note that this system uses the phonetic alphabet. Familiar- ize yourself with these symbols before you start using the system (see pages 5-6). First study Units 1 and 21 ‘The goal of the CD-ROM is to give you. clear picture ofthe proper placement of your jaw, teeth, tongue, and lips when articulating vowels and consonants. It is not enough to hear vowels and con- sonants, you must also see how to produce these sounds. As you're studying, focus on the “what you should do” as much as the end result — the sound itself. Accent reduction expert Judy Ravin will Jead you through each sound. Repeat after her during the pauses. Review the rules for each sound in the workbook. The CD-ROM uses both moving video and stil shots (snapshots). The video will show you how your mouth should move to form the sounds. The still shots show the placement of the lips, jaw, tongue, and eth atthe most extreme position when making the sounds. Inthe vowel section, a+” symbol may appear between two or more still shots. This indicates that the sound currently being made consists of ‘two or more vowels. These vowels are combined in rapid succession, Reinforce the material taught in Units 1 and 2 by watching native English speakers’ mouths when they’re speaking. Next study Units 3, 4, and 5! ‘Once you feel comfortable with the vowels and consonants, you're ready to learn the advanced parts of English pronunciation: rhythm, stress, and everyday speech pattems, In these units, you will use the audio CD. Focus on both the individual sounds and the combined phrasing, Be sure to repeat during the pauses that follow each word or sentence. Read along in the workbook as you listen. In designing this course, we've used words and expressions you're likely to hear every day. IF you don’t know the meaning of an expres- sion, look it up in the handy Glossary of Idioms we've included in the back of this workbook. This will allow you to build your vocabulary while at the same time reducing your accent. What 1 great way to accomplish two things at once — or as we say in conversational English — fo kill two birds with one stone! We recommend that you work on accent reduction for 30 minutes every day for one month. Use Lose Your Accent in 28 Days™ for 15 minutes a day, Read a newspaper aloud 10 minutes every ‘day. When reading, focus on the target sound of the chapter you. have just studied, Set aside another 5 or 10 minutes a day to focus, in everyday conversations, on practicing the sounds you've been working on. In just a month, you'll see a dramatic improvement in your English speaking skills! HELPFUL TERMINOLOGY ‘The following isa list of helpful words and phrases you may want to refer to when using this system. alelow ~the process by which air lows up from the di and out of the mouth. aed consonant ~a pronounced sound that, when spoken with a vowel, constitutes a syllable. In English, there are 24 consonants final consonant ~ the consonant found at the end of a word. slottal stop —the silence that occurs from quickly closing the vocal chords. Aireannot flow. Articulation of voiced sounds is prevented. ‘A glottal stop is the sound made in the exclamation, “uh-oh ‘gum ridge — the area of the roof of the mouth just behind the up- per teeth. horseshoe position ~ the position of your mouth whereby seby your lower jaw protrudes like a horseshoe in shape (1) idiom ~ a phrase whose meaning cannot be directly translated, word-for-word, from one language to another. Initial consonant ~ the consonant fund at the begining of word. . a Hinking — the process of pronouncing two sounds or words without [pausing or adding an additional syllable. ‘medial consonant —a consonant found in the middle of a word. Multi-syllabie word ~a word with two or more syllables. Eee 3 pitch — a term used to describe the tone of a sound, A sound or syllable’s pitch is often described as being high or low protrude your jaw — to push your lower jaw forward purse your lips — when rounding the lips, to tighten the muscles af the corner of the mouth while pushing the lips forward. roof of your mouth — the top part of the inside of your mouth; the hard and soft palette. ‘stress ~the syllable that is pronounced louder, stronger, and harder than the others. Another term for stress is accent. syllable — the smallest part of word that constitutes one rhythmic beat tense —to flex or tighten specific muscles. ‘voiced consonants consonants produced by using the voice. The vocal chords vibrate when making the sound. To feel this vibration, put your index and middle fingers on your throat. These consonants ‘ares /2/ Mb ft JO 13/ fe! Fa yf) Ad Fey) Py Yoiceless consonants — consonants produced without using the voice. The vocal chords do not vibrate when making the sound, ‘These consonants are: /s/ /p! (fol (ff Al th’ and kt. vowel ~ a sound that is produced without blocking the airflow with the teeth, tongue, or lips. In English, there are 15 standard vowels Puonetic ALPHABET ‘This system uses the phonetic alphabet based on the International Phonetic Association (IPA) symbols. Units 1 and 2 will often re- fer to these symbols. Become familiar with them. In some cases, phonetic symbols and letters of the alphabet are the same or look very similar to each other (such as a, u,b, fm), Note thatthe pho- netic symbols are placed between the two slashes / /. When you see these slashes, we are referring to the phonetic symbol orto the corresponding sound. When we are referring to regular letters, we put the letter in single quotation marks (‘3,” “yn. Vowels Jil eat, least, bead, seed it, list, build, symbol taste, date, wait, shade test, fell, ready, pen cat, ran, sack, hat cot, drop, father, modern ‘cup, color, love, flood, sudden all, boss, caught, dawn hold, crow, toe, hope ‘cook, could, woman girl, world, heard, shirt time, eye, nice, fi how, round, found, Loud enjoy, coin, broil Puonetic ALPHABET Consonants Tp! pine, pal, pat, pot 7bi___ bail, bat, bird, bottle /fi___fine, fun, laugh, father iv]__vest, van, vine, volume wi wind, won, wing, west isi__ smile, sun, receive, system iz) zip, raise, dozen, husband fe/__thanks, third, author, tuth 797 then, their, other, smocth /f/__ sure, nation, wish, fraction /3]__ decision, pleasure, leisare Afi choose, beach, picture catch job, large, bridge, marnger you, university, familisr ‘Wo, test, attend, great drive, did, send, P'd happy, hold, his, who red, right, correct, air Took, list, play, luck money, man, moment,museum next, new, when angle, getting, wing keep, come, take 0, good, gift 6 Parti: Vowels & Consonants Use with CD-ROM | UNIT I: VOWELS Charter 1: Vowets /i/ anp /i/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /i/ do this: ‘A, Siteich your lips horizontally: B. Your tongue should be high in your mouth, almost touch ing the roof of your mouth. . Show both your top and bottom teeth. To make the yowel sound /\/ do this: ‘A. Relax your tongue and cheeks. B. Keep your lips ina neutral, or only slighty spread, posi- tion. . Your tongue should be a litle lower than when making the vowel sound /if D. Show only your top teeth, 1. eat /it Make sure to eat all of it 2. least / list Gary got the least of those on the lst. 3. reach /ridge Reach over the ridge. 4. peek/ pig Take a peek atthe pig. 5. heels (hills Don't wear high heels hiking up hls 6. seat sit ‘That's the seat that Fane sits in 7. leaving / living ‘They're leaving the city where they've been living. 8, team, leaders /Tim, Jim The team leaders are Tim and Jim, 9. field / filled ‘The field was filled with flowers: 10, seek / sick Seek help iff your child is sick, 1. cheap / chip It isn’t cheap to buy computer chips, 9 NIT I: VOWELS, Cuarrer 2: Vowers /ev/ an /e/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /er/ do thi ‘A. Stretch your lips horizontally asin the vowel fit B, Lower your jaw slightly. C. Place your tongue in the middle of your mouth, ‘To make the vowel sound Je! do this: ‘A. Do not stretch your lips. Keep them in a neutral B, Lower your jaw so that i's in the same place as ‘making the vowel /ev. . Keep the position of your mouth neutral D. Keep your tongue relaxed and in the middle of ‘your mouth, 1, taste/test Taste the soup. Test it to see if it's done. 2, trained / trend He's trained to understand current trends. 3. later/ letter Later he'll open the leter 4. shade /shed That shade of green is perfect for the shed. 5, sail/sell Sail the boat before you sell it. 6. tailor /tell The tailor will tell me when the suit is ready 7. date /debt He seta date to clear his debt. 8. wait/wet We had to wait in wet weather. 9. fail / fell She failed to see the ice and fell to the ground, 10. pain/ pen Your pain comes from using a heavy pen. 10 UNIT I: VOWELS. Crarrer 6. Vowels /a/ ano /a/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /ee/ do this: A. Sttech your lips horizontally. B. Drop your jaw lower than when making the vowel sound fet. C. Place the tip of your tongue near the floor of your mouth, pressing up avainst your lower teeth. ‘To make the vowel sound /a/ do this: ‘A. Open your mouth very wide B. Do not round yout lips ‘C. The front of your tongue should be low, near the floor of your mouth, but pulled away from your lower front teeth. cats / cots Cats like to sleep on cots ran / Ron Who ran against Ron? hat /hot That hat kept her ho. stacking stocking __Stores are stacking Christmas stockings Dan /Don Does this book belong to Dan or Don? sack / sock Fill the sack with socks. cap / cop Did you see the eap on the cop? impassable / impossible The trail was impassable, It was impossible to walk on. UNIT £ VOWELS SL Cuarrer 4: Practice wrrn /a/ Pronouncing /a/ when spelled with ‘o° 1. stop Please stop talking 2. popular Sushi has become popular 3. modern We live in modem times. 4. economy The economy is slow. 5. doll Lite children play with dlls 6. barrow Can I borrow your car? 7. rock Move the rock 8. doctor Go see doctor. 9. problem We have a problem. 10 dollar That costs one dolla 11. college Do you go to college? 12. copy ‘document Please copy the document, 13, operate He'll need to operate 14, body shop My caris in the body shop. Me a UNIT: VOWELS, Cuarrer 5: Vowex /a/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /o/ do this: ‘A. Part your lips slightly, B. Keep your mouth and jaw very relaxed. C. Keep your tongue in a position thats slightly lower than ‘when making the vowel /. 1D, Place your tongue in the center of your mouth, NOTE: This is the sound Americans make for hesitation (Cub) and for distress (“ugh”), Al Pronouncing /o/ when spelled with ‘o* 1. color ‘What's your favorite color? 2. mother /tongue My mother tongue is Spanish, 3. love You are the love of my life, 4. some /onions Please give me some onions. 5. flood Heed the flood warning. 6. come Come over to my house, 7. some/ money I'd like to invest some money. 8. government A healthy economy requires good government 9. other Could I please use the other ofice? 10, wonder Its no wonder it's snowing. I's January! I of J often think of you. UNIT I: VOWELS, B) Pronouneing /o/ when spelled with ‘w’ 1. sudden The talking stopped suddenly 2. much ove you so much! 3. but/study I wish I could join you, but [have to study. 4. cup Could I please have a cup of coffee? 5. buddy We're fiends. He's my buddy 6. shut Please shut the door behind you 7. just/begun I've only just begun my work. 8. buzzer Please ring the buzzer and I'll let you in, C) Pronouncing /o/ when spelled with ‘ou? 1. enough T can never have enough chocolate. 2. country Korea is a beautiful country, 3. double T'd like a double latte please. 4. trouble If we're late for the meeting, we'll get in trouble, 5. young She's beautiful and looks very young. 6. cousin My cousin lives in Virginia. UNIT I: VOWELS. Vowet /o/ Cuarrer What you should doz To make the vowel yound />/ do this: ‘A. Open your jaw in a wide, vertical stretch, 'B Keep your lips in an oval shape, as if you had an egg in ‘your mouth, . Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. 1D. Your top teeth may be visible. A) /o/ and /a/ 1. caught/cut_ He got caught cutting class. 2. boss / bus ‘The boss never takes the bus to work. 3. author /other The author wrote three other bestsellers, B) /ow/ and /of 1 coast / cost Living on the coast must be costly 2. coal / call ‘The trapped coal miners called for help. ©) fol and fat 1, Dawn/Don Dawn and Don are friends. 2. caught /cot The soldier got caught sleeping in the ‘wrong cot 3, caller/ collar The telephone ealler wore a microphone oon his collar. UNIT L VOWE Cuarrer Expressions 1 2 in along time right or wrong. ‘That's awful Jost and found Cross the street It’s not your fault You have a call. daughter-in-law, Can | offer you a hand? Let's talk about it ‘The wedding is off! all talk and no action It’s a Jost cause, : Practice were /o/ UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarrer 8: Vowel /o/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /u/ do this: A. Slightly tense and protrude your lower jaw. B. Keep your lower jaw ina “horseshoe” position, C. Keep your lips fairly neutral, not as rounded as when ‘making the vowel /u/. D. Keep your tongue high, but do not push it forward in your mouth, 1. good / cook / could / sugar / cookies My moms a good cook. I could eat a dozen of her sugar cookies. 2. should / good / look / woman You should take a good look at that woman, 3. should / could / would We should go to the meeting. If we could leave now, we ‘would arrive on time. 4. cookbook / put / sugar The recipe in the cookbook says to put in two cups of sugar, 5. understood / would / neighborhood ‘We understood why she would move out ofthat neighborhood. 6. push / pull Push the door. It won't open if you pull it. UNIT I: VOWELS, Cuaprer 9: Vow What you should do: ‘To make the yowel sound /u/ do this: ‘A. Move your lips froma slightly parted position to a per= fecily rounded circle. 'B, This should be a horizontal movement C. Your tips should be tense, D. Your tongue should be high, but do not push it forward {in your mouth, knew / you / blue I knew you would wear the blue dress. new / lose / few If you want to wear the new dress, you need to lose a few pounds, tune / news / noon 1 ike to tune into the daily news at noon, UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarrer 10: Practice wrrn /o/ ANb /u/ 1. shoe / should ‘This dancing shoe should(n’t) fit so tight. 2. fool / full Don’t be a fool. Always drive with a full tank of gas. 3. Luke (100k Luke looks handsome. 4, pull / pool* Pall the git out ofthe pool NOTE: The order of vowel sounds is reversed in example 4, UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarter 11: Vowet /ou/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /ou! do this: ‘A. Move your lips from an open position oa closed, rounded circle. B. This should be a vertical movement C. Your lips should be tense. 1D. Your lips relax and “unround” at the end of the vowel, ‘NOTE: This is the sound made for expressing surprise. Expressions 1. oh 2. Oh no! 3. Hold on. 4. over and over 5. Be bold. 6. Fold your clothes. 7. an old saying old you so 20 UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarrer 12: Vowel /al/ What you should doz ‘To make the vowel sound /ai/ do this: ‘A, Combine the two vowel sounds /a + //. 'B, Glide your jaw and tongue from one vowel to the other, from /a/ to /. . Shift from an opened jaw position to a more closed jaw position. 1. scientists /time AIDS scientists race against time.* 2. Tlie agree with you. It’s important to be ‘truthful and not to lie 3. why Why not? 4, P'm/my T'm ready to submit my answer. 5. vital / apply I's vital 0 apply early 6. China /eye ‘Traveling to China was an eye-opener. 7. 1/ viable I believe that’s a viable option. 8. nice / guy Larry's a really nice guy. 9. night / delight The old proverb says: scarlet at night, sailors’ delight 10. child /climb/ high The child climbed the high summit 1. price / merchandise Let’s raise the price of our merchandise, NOTE: On the CD-ROM, the sentence examples for this chapter show still shots, The “+” sign between the two shots indicates thatthe sound being made consists of two vowels combined. You will also see ths in Chapters 13-16 and 18-21. 21 UNIT I: VOWELS. Cuarter 13: Practice wire /at/ Idioms with time 2. on time for the time being behind the times perfeet timing Time out! UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarrer 14: VoweL /au/ What you should do: To make the vowel sound /au! do this: ‘Combine the two vowel sounds /a/+ /u/. Feel your lis and jaw gle from one positon to the other ‘Your lips should be slightly rounded. ‘Your mouth should shift from an open to a more closed position Capp 1. owl's /loud / sounds / announce The ow!’ loud sounds announce the night hours. 2. discount / outlets / crowds ‘The discount at the outlets draw large crowds. 3. how / thousand / flower How did she plant a thousand flowers? 4, out / house / now Get out of the house right now! 5. drought / cloud / around We're having a drought. There isn’t a rain cloud around. 6 bound / pronounce / vowel With practice, you're bound to pronounce every vowel! 7. ounee / pound Sixteen ounces equals one pound. 8. crown / power The Crown Prince has all of the power. UNIT: VOWELS. Cuarrer 15: Practice wir /au/ Expressions 1, Power to the people! 2. No doubt! 3. Count me out! 4. He's as round as a house! 5. all around town 6. T thought about it. 7. How about it? 8. out of boun 24 Cuarrer 16: Vows /o1/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound av’ do this: ‘A. Combine the two vowel sounds /o/ +l B. Feel your jaw glide from one position to the other C. Your lips should move from an opened toa more closed position. NOTE: Many people pronounce the fist part ofthis vowel sound as fou’, as in the phrase “oh no,” rather than 1. enjoy / oyster Enjoy your oysters! 2. avoid / oil Avoid the oil spill. 3. ointment/annoy The ointment annoys me. 4, noisy /boys/ spoiled Those noisy boys are spoiled. 5. oil / boiling Add oil to the boiling water. 6. broil /sirloin Broil the sirloin until done, 7. appointment Pd like to make an appointment. 8, Detroit/ Illinois Is Detroit in Iinois? 9. voice/ poison _ His singing voice was like poison, 10, loyal / royal ‘The people were loyal to the royal king. 11. join ‘The couple were joined in holy matrimony. UNIT I: VOWELS Cuarrer 17: Vowet /a/ What you should doz ‘To make the vowel sound />/ do this: ‘A. The sides of your tongue, near the back, should lightly touch the inside of your upper, back teeth. The tip of your tongue should be curled back, B. Donot lt the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your ‘mouth, C. Purse and protrude your lips. , Your mouth and lips should be in a rounded position, NOTE: This is the sound ofan angry dog! 1. birds /chieping ‘The birds are chirping. 2. urban Chicago is an urban center. 3. bur / hurts ‘That burn hurts, 4. certainly / pleasure Certainly. It's my pleasure. 5. girl She's a lovely girl, Practice: Expressions with /2/ 1. Eisst come, first served, 2. toeama living 3. to Learn the hard way 4. aworkaholic 3. P'm sure. 6. For sure, ti 8 ‘sure surely 9. Why in the world? UNIT I: VOWELS Cuapter 18: Vowe /aa/ What you should do: Habe iie rape ues 65/43 A. Begin by making the vowel sound /a/. Now make the Jas! sound... ae B. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the inside of ‘your back, upper teeth, Curl the tip of your tongue back. Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your ‘mouth. C. Protrude and purse your lips. Me ‘D. Your lips should be in a rounded position. 1. star ‘You're the star of the show. 2. car bought a new car. 3. start It’s time to start. 4. dark Photographers work in a darkroom, 5. large ‘Small, medium, or lange? Practice: Expressions with /a2/ 1, far and wide 2. har-hearted 3. in charge 4, hard times halehearted 6. hardly 7, Tight-hearted 8, hard and fast 27 ul INIT I: VOWELS, UNIT: Vow Cuarrer 19: Vows 2. 3 ia! What you should ‘To make the yowel sound Jiay do this: A. Begin by making the vowel sound /i/. Now make the ja sound. BB. Raise your tongue so thatthe sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth, Curl the tip of your tongue back. Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your ‘mouth, . Protrude and purse your lips. D. Your lips should be in a rounded position. deer A baby deer is called avn hear T can't hear you beard He has a beard, |. cashier Bring it tothe cashier. Practice: Expressions with /ia/ Lend an ear. car not How ‘bout a beer? Over here! Happy New Year! Cheer up! Cuapter 20: Vowet /ea/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /e>! do this: ‘A. Begin by making the vowel sound /e/. Now make the (or sound... B. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides, ‘of your back, upper teeth, Curl the tip of your tongue ‘back. Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your mouth, . Protrude and purse your lips. 1D. Your lips should be in a rounded p 1. air Let's get some fresh ar. 2. hair Whales have hai 3. fair “That's not far. 4, wear What should I wear? Practice: Expressions with /e2/ 1. bear in mind 2. over there 3. to air out 4, Have a chair 5. nota care in the world 29 UNIT I: VOWELS, tO C MapTER 21: VoweL /oo/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /o0"/ do this: ‘A. Begin by making the vowel sound /a/. Now make the a sound... B. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides ‘of Your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue ___ back, Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of ‘your mouth. c Prottde and purse your lip, D. Your lips should be in a rounded position, E, Some people pronounce this sound as /ous - four There are four seasons in a year, more May Ihave more? '. pour Could you pour me some coffee? afford We can’t afford a new house, war ‘The war has begun, court Let's reserve a tennis court Practice: Expressions with /o/ 2. a 4 bback and forth - out of the ordinary in an orderly fashion That's horrible! UNIT : VOWELS. Cuarrer 22: Vowen fata! What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /ar2/ do thi ‘A. Begin by making the vowel sound /av, Now make the J! sound... B._ Raise your tongue so the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back. Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your ‘mouth. . Protrude and purse your lips. D. Your lips should be in a rounded position. 1. fire Pat out the ire! 2. wire Weneed to rewire the cables. 3. iar She's lar 4. buyer I'm the new company buyer Practice: Expressions with /ata/ 1. in dire need 2. a flat tie 3. for ire 4. now hiring 5. You're fired! NOTE: On the CD-ROM, the sentence examples fr this chapter show sil shots. The +” sign between the thre shots inca thatthe sound being made consists of three vowels combined. You will also see this in Chapter 23. l a NIT: VOWELS HAPTER 23: VowEL /ava'/ What you should do: ‘To make the vowel sound /ava! do this: ‘A. Begin by making the vowel sound /av/. Now make the (>i sound... B._ Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, Do not let the tip of your tongue touch the roof of your mouth. C. Protrude and purse your lips. D. Your lips should be in a rounded position. flour Cake is made with flour, butter, and sugar, . sour The milk turned sour. tower The Sears Tower is a tourist attraction. hour Has it been an hour? our ‘There’s our house. Unit 2: Consonants UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Curaprer 1: Consonants /p/ /b/ /f/ /v/ ap /w/ What you should do: ‘To make the /p/ sound do this A. Gently press your lips together. B. Now quickly open your lips while pushing air out, C. Donat use your voice. D. Do not use your teeth, E, This should be the sound of “pop.” What you shoutd do: ‘To make the /b/ sound do this: A. Place your lips together. B. Open your lips while adding your voice, C. Do not use your teeth, D. Note that /b/ isa voiced ip‘. What you should do: ‘To make the tf sound do this: A. Place your top teeth on your lower lip. B, Push air out, C. Do not use your voice, What you should doz ‘To make the /v/ sound do this: ‘A. Place your top teeth on your lower lip B. Add your voice, C. Note that /\/ is a voiced /f What you should do: ‘To make the /w/ sound do thi ‘A, Round your lips, B. Now add your voice, CC. Unround your lips. Pull your tongue back at the same time. UNIT 2: CONSONANTS ine bind fine vine wine Pail bal fail veil whale er beer fear veer we're pat bat fat vat — pot bottle [father [volume | want Practice /p/ /b/ If Iv/ Awl 1 Pat's favorite vendor is pretty busy, 2. Erank is my very bestfriend, 3. want to a cup of coffee. 4, Val is free this afternoon ‘5. ‘Wendy repeated the presentation verbatim, 6. We have before and after pictures. 7. Rete trayels abroad every once in a while 8. Practice makes perfect. 9. We frequently worry about the problematic variables. * NOTE: In the word “of” the promunciation ofthe letter “fis 35 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS UNIT 2: CONSONANTS. Cuapter 2: Consonants /s/ aNp /2/ Practice with /s/ and /z/ 1. Raige your hand if you have a question, 2. Whose is this? 3. What's your size? 4, Steak and eggs are a cowoy's breaks. 5. Prices are steadily rising, 1. slowly missing reduce 6, ‘These are his, and those are yours. 2. smile accident progress i 3 systems answer price ee 4, soldier construct yes 8 That's engy Anidal/z/ = Medial/z/ Final / 1 zip ruzor these, those 2. 200 dozen yours 3. zine raising his, is, as 4. zone hhusband always 37 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS. }; CONSONANTS /o/ AND /3/ What you should do: ‘To make the /o/ sound do this: ‘A. Place the tip of your tongue between your top and bot- fom teeth. Your tongue must be visible. B. Push air out C. Note that this is a voiceless consonant. What you should doz ‘To make the /0/ sound do this: ‘A. Place the tip of your tongue between your top and bot- tom teeth, Your tongue must be visibie, B. Add your voice. C. Note that /0/ isa voiced /o/. Initial, Medial & Final /o/ and /0/ 1. thank you ‘Thank you for coming 2. third You're seated in the third rov. 3. thorough He did a thorough jo. 4. that/ then / this ‘That was then this is now. 5. birthday When is your birthday? 6. author Who's your favorite author? 7. healthy Its important to stay healthy. & either / brother Either brother can do it 9. math Math is my worst subject. 10. truth Tell only the truth 11. fourth He's the fourth person in line. 12, smooth We're expecting a smooth flight 13. soothe Soothe the erying child 14. breathe /with their Fish breathe with their gills, UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuarrer 4: Practice wrru /o/ /s/ /t/* anp /d/* thin sin tin in thought sought taught daughter Taith fice fate. fade thunder sun ton done tenth tense tent tend Practice: Expressions 1. [think so. We thought so. A picture tells a thousand words. 3. a thankless job 4, She's a southem belle. 5. Something tells me we're not through.* 6. something or other 7. it goes without saying** 8. What is this thing?** *NOTE: To mate the sound 4, see page 36. To make the sound /, see page 47 To make the sound fd, see page 4. NOTE: “Hh” “not.” "what," and “without” are glottal stops Please see page 76 39 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuarter 5: Consonant /f] What you should do: ‘To make the /{/ sound do this: ‘A. Purse your lips and keep them in a rounded position, 'B. Place your tongue high, in the center of your mouth. Do not let it touch your teeth or gum ridge. ‘C. Push air out between your top and bottom front teeth, D. Donnot use your voice. ‘NOTE: This is the sound used for indicating, “Be quiet!” Initial, Medial, and Final /{/ 1. sure 2. shoes 3. should 4. Chicago 5, machine 6. options 7 imensions 8. brochure 9. finish 10 cash 11. diminish 12. replenish, Isa sure i Are those new shoes? Should we leave now? I'm traveling to Chicago next week. Please tun on the machine, You have several options. What are the dimensions? Please send me a brochure. | need to finish on time. Will that be cash or credit? We don’t want profits to diminish ‘We need to replenish our stock. UNIT 2: CONSONANTS, Carrer 6: CoNSONANT /3/ What you should do: ‘To make the /3/ sound do this: ‘A. Position your mouth as if you were about to make the sound (fi. B. Now add your voice. . Note that /3/ is a voiced /f Medial and Final /3/ 10. decision vision explosion pleasure beige usually / garage corsage mirage / illusion unusual fusion I'm making a big decision. He has 20/20 vision, There was a huge explosion. My pleasure. She's wearing a beige jacket. usually park in the garage. He gave his date a corsage. A mirage is an optical illusion. How unusual! Scientists are exploring the idea of cold fusion, 40 4 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuarrer 7: Practice wir /f/ ap /3/ 1. special / occasion What's the special occasion? 2. measure / professional / position Job title is a measure of professional position. 3. delicious / Indor nf dish ‘That's a delicious Indonesian dish, 4, Hai s/ regimes. Haitians have lived under difficult regimes 5. magicians / illusion Magicians are masters of illusion, UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cnarter 8: Consonant /tf/ What you should ‘To make the /f/ sound do 1 9, A B. seh D. E Purse your lips so that they're in a rounded position. Hold the tip of your tongue behind your upper teeth on the gum ridge. Stop the flow of air and then quickly release it. AS you're quickly releasing the airflow, pull your tongue back from the gum ridge. ‘This is a voiceless consonant. ial, Medial, and Final /{/ choose Choose carefully. chin Chin up! challenge Love a challenge. teacher She's a good teacher. nature He's a nature photographer. kitchen We have a spacious kitchen, picture Will you take our picture? much / charge How much do you charge? watch /match Let's wateh the soccer match. 10. eatch Cateh the ball! 43 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS UNIT 2: CONSONANTS, Cuarrer 9: Consonant /ds/ What you should ‘To make the /¢5/ sound do this: ‘A. Position your mouth as if you were about to make the sound Af. B. However, as you pull your tongue back from the gum ridge, add your voice. . Note that /d5/ isa voiced /y?. Initial, Medial, and Final /d5/ 1. jam We're in a jam, 2. job He has a great job. 3. judge Judge for yourself. 4. education I'm getting a good education, 5. graduate When will you graduate? 6. manager May I speak with the manager? 7. budget ‘We must budget carefully, 8. knowledge My knowledge of English is excellent, 9. large I'd like a large Coke, 10. badge ‘The policeman is wearing a badge. Curarrer 10: Consonant /y/ What you should do: ‘To make the /y/ sound do this: ‘A. Place the sides of your tongue so that they touch the in- sides of your upper teeth, near the center of your mouth. B. Quickly release your tongue and pull it back while add- ing your voice. . C. Your top and bottom teeth should not elose or touch, D. This isa voiced sound. Initial, Medial, and Final /y/ 1. year Happy New Year! 2 yes ‘The answer is “yes.” 3. you're You're welcome. 4. music Hove jazz music. 5. familiar She looks familiar, 6. convenient That would be convenient. 7. ambiguous The directions were ambiguous. 8. continuously Electricity needs to flow continuously. 9. variety We have a variety of options to explore. 10, regulations —__-Medieal regulations are strict, NOTE: Please see Unit 3, Chapters 2, 3, and 4 (pages 62-65) for rules regarding when to pronounce jy. 45 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Chaprer 1: ComininG /tff/ds/ ano [y/ IN SENTENCES 1. The cellist continues to play beautiful music. 2. George looks like a million bucks. 3. Jerry played chess in Europe. 4. Hydrogen fuel may be an alternative energy option. 5. We value human individuality. 6. You're doing such a good job. Carter 12: Consonant What you should do: ‘To make the // sound do this: ‘A. Press the tip of your tongue up against your entire gum ridge along the roof of your mouth. B. Do not let your tongue touch your teeth. ©, Quickly release your tongue, pushing air out, D. This isa voiceless sound. E, Keep your lips un-rounded Initial, Medial, and Final /t/ 1. Wo test / tomorrow I have two tests tomorrow. 2. Tom/Tony’s/team Tom is on Tony’s team 3. attend ‘Can you atend our seminar? 4, posted ‘The memo was posted on the wal return fifteen Pl return in fifteen minutes. 6. fist Show me your fst. 7. late Twas late 8, accomplished / chemist He’s an accomplished chemist. * NOTE: The ‘Tis pronounced as a glotal stop in the word “minutes. 46 47 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS ‘Cuarrer 13: Consonant /d/ What you should do: i ‘To make the /d/ sound do this: A. Press the tip of your tongue up | ridge along the roof of your 1 B. Do not let your tongue touch the! ie ces ne D. Note that aia voieed Initial, Medial, and Final /d/ 1, Dan’s/dog/ dig Dan's dog likes to dig. 2. drive / day | drive to work every day. 3. Midwest /soda In the Midwest, soda is called “pop.” 4. reduction ‘We're expecting a reductiot benefits. 5. window We have a window of opportunity. 6. did send Did you send the package? 7. Dave /bad /cold Dave caught a bad cold 8rd T'd rather not UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuaprer 14: Consonant /hi What you should do: ‘To make the /h/ sound do this: ‘A. Pretend that you are sighing. Let the air low freely out ‘of your mouth, B. Do not let the back of your tongue touch the roof of Initial, Medial, and Final /h/ 1, Hank / as / air Hank has long hai, 2. Hal /hiding / behind / horse Hal's hiding behind the horse. 3. who /happened history Who happened to read the his- tory book? 4. his/handsome/ hungry His handsome son is hungry. 5. perhaps / rehearse /hundred Perhaps we'll rehearse a hun- dred times. 6, he/had / happy / childhood He had a happy childhood, Practice: Expressions with /h/ 1. Happy Birthday! 2. Hang in there. 3. Hold on! 4 Hand it to someone 5. Hand it over. 6. Hurry up! 7. What's happening? 8. How's it going? 9. Who did it? 10, How are you? 48, 49 UNIT 2; CONSONANTS UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuapter 15: Consonant /r/ What you should do: ‘To make the /t/ sound do this: A. Place the sides of your tongue up against the insides of your back, upper fect. B. Round your lips. C. Make the sound of an angry dog! D, Dont let the tip of your tongue touch the gum ridge or the roof of your mouth. Curl the tip of your tongue back. E, When adding a consonant sound before //, do not add an extra syllable between the consonant and the i 1. rain 2. rent 3. right 4. return 5. read 6. remember 7. review 8. reconsider 9. proud 10, green / petti LL. brush / three 12, bring 13. grass 14. french fries 15, crowded, 16, troubled / correct, 18, children / rhymes 19, angry / hiring 20. improper / arrive ime tial /r/, C/t/* and Medial /r/ 1's going to rain. How much is the rent? That's right, What's your return policy? She likes to read, can’t remember, Vm up for review in Decemer. Pil reconsider it I'm proud of you, Please clean the green petri dish, Brush your teeth three times a day. Bring me the pen. We need to cut the grass, MeDonald’s french fries are the best, I don’t like crowded places, The troubled boy committed an awful crime. ‘That's correct. Children sing nursery rhymes, ‘The angry boss isn’t hiring, I's improper to arrive late, * Citi = consonant followed by /f Cuarrer 16: Consonant /I/ What you should do: ‘To make the Jl sound do this ‘A. Keep your lips in a horizontal position, B. Touch the tip of the tongue to your gum ridge. Keep ‘your tongue flat, C. As you release your tongue, add your voice. D. Practice this sound by singing, “Ia la lala la.” E, When adding a consonant before the sound /V/, be sure you do not add an extra vowel Initial A/ and Ci loud / laughter 1 2. love 3. luck 4, please / ate 5. look 6, climbed 7. lady / blushed collect / daily like / applaud / fabulous 10. play 1. Took / Tike / clouds 12. flight Loud laughter filled the room, Hove you. Good luck! Please don’t be late. Look for me at the party We climbed Mount Everest ‘The young lady blushed with em- barrassment, He will collect the daily papers. 1d like to applaud you on your fabulous job. Don’t play with matches. They look like snow clouds. How was your flight? * Cil/= consonant followed by 1 50 51 UNIT 2: CONSONANTS UNIT 2: CONSONANTS Cuarrer 17: Practice wrrn /V/ Cuarrer 18: Fiat /W/ Expressions What you shoutd do: 1. Lookout! ‘To make the final / sound do this: ‘A. Keep your lips ina horizontal position. 2. Let me go 'B. Raise the back of your tongue and tense it as ifyou were pronouncing the vowel /ou. 3. Lighten up. C. The center of our tongue is pushing down. Your tongue ee should feel very tense, not relaxed, ne » NOTE: The final /l/ consonant is pronounced at the end of a

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