ODE OMPLETE: Se McConnell Ee ara vii a * ES a a a a a a: a | A practical handbook of software construction| KE TP311. 52 122 B®xX =z — 5B 2 hR— CODE COMPLETE Second Edition [#] Steve McConnell = ek iam PR ke | iF RR HK EFLE LMA Publishing House of Electronics Industry Atak * BEINGAS wi (BAL OLS GM BIER. IEEE Sofware Secs HER IAAT 20 PLIST B TERRE AEA Steve McConnell RENAME: 2 SMH, IN TRE SOTTO, CARRERE. RADARS HOHE, OS. RRA E TOMER EM, a TRON SE. HIER RR RBI. A BNE RIRAUIOMTIRTE, TPMT TR AOR RA eR. MR ARAU AOR. (CES SRR OR. Wie TOMS, TAMA. UMOMTAR. TPR MR, PEREIRA ATA TEARTER, RANI PRCA a NA sa, RSM. Hy TRIPE TRS ROC TA, BANE T ACRE AG TRACER COLGATE AORTA, FRBARIPRERRERHE SERRA NERA, RRL, RASA TALE RMCM, AIR ULEARR, BURT I ARLE TE RRL TES REIT RA, AERA “AHP FHS AAM AEA TR LIMAR TAU AO MIRE GEL PRATHER T AS RTT RRR HE BIGR. ATA EMOTE. DATIA, LRP R RAR EERIE EAA MRE. TLR, FOR SHALE, BRI BARE, RAMA RG. Copyright © 2006 by Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved Original English language edison ©2004 by Microsoft by Steve C. McConnell. Allright reserved. Chinese Simplified Language Editon published by Publishing House of Eletronies Industry, Simplified Chinese edition published by arrangement with the orignal publisher, Microsoft Corporation, Redrnond, Washington, USA ZACHAVSCIDIARLY TENE Micros Corporation 48°F TTA, AREEVERT, 7RAROLER TSA aR AS BEE amis ARITA SME 12005-0908) BBAMA (CIP) Sa AOA“: HME / CR) RBS McConnell.) Hs WRB. IK: MEF LAWUIREAE, 20063 ’ GIG: Code Complete, Second Editon ISBN 7-121-02298-2 TA. MOW.@s.. ULM TRF Wo7e911 52-62 RNAI CP BEM! (2006) 3011427 Em. AL Re fo Ble dak aiken BRA HME: uF Labatt st et 5 9H 173 LAR 100036 He eae TIE FE As TS7XORO NG NFR: 6.25 FM 1 000-FE A) Wks 2006 44 HH 2 ETB BE 10001~20000 fit ir: 98.00 7, ANUS FTAA, SoTL, HEN ISN. ETRE, TAAL RAT BEA. MAR M: COO) 68279077, HEARALUFIA RAG zts@pheicomen, BBRLARRAKNLRLAT HEE dogg @pheicomen.x (RBAS) nesee “UDA TNL APES > Martin Fowler, (#4) “Steve McConnell (6) (AREA) «++ Jy BEAR DASE T SB RSME on FL SA HARK, Bait eA.” P Jon Bentley, (44259 (%— HR) ) RRL EAL AOE TIRE RAR. ATTRA eT AR, SLAB BAEC. SUPREME, (EMITTER. ” » John Robbins, {Microsoft NET 4° Windows 1/48 8:4) “SOMA DAR. ARE, MEH PRE MORE. SB 1 AH A+ ER, WAU UKE) Bm. ” D> Michael Howard, (485 445 Aa) “ CRBALY MABEL EI0% MARIE. McConnell SHERRI. Shr. Wik, RRURKHATEWHARSAR. ” > Grady Booch, (Object Solutions) “MARAT RATA, ABO SRL Steve McConnell ff) CRIA) . RAK 850 TL tO HC REET BE, J ACS HEAR Es CEI EAS BA C45 Yourdon Al Pressman) fist 5 — ALTA ESRF ANSE, FADER LAUR Tm]. ESR DA RE REET GAT R AA AAS, TURAL TM.” > Chris Loosley, (High-Performance Client/Server) “Steve McConnell 318% 148 CARRSAAE LTE TE 2A Om 1H — 8 18- > Erik Bethke, (Game Development and Production) “ RAED ET RTS EP OE SRE.” > John Dempster, Jean J. Labrosse, (Embedded Systems Building Blocks: Complete and Ready-To-Use Modules in C) “Steve McConnell 5 itt TASS F528 Ht SPLASH TE Bey TA SS” > Kenneth Rosen, (Unix: The Complete Reference} “SENTRA 5B BAH, EAA ES OE PAA ae Cf Fa WOLERAAR ASH. RE OUBAS) MPRA EES SA. 7 > Jeff Duntemann, (PC Techniques) “Microsoft HASH RR T RU FAKE AIRE TRAE OS, EMCEE RA ON Lan BARA. ” ‘sk > Warren Keutfel, {Software Development) “GALE RARER A ASH RE.” > T.L. (Frank) Pappas, (Computer) “AAAs SAU A, SEAR BLM 39 FTCA OBO AFL. A CMP, LRM —AREDKY MeConnell AOR BE TS ERLE WPA OAH Bs — AL BZA oo A Raa RAR AY T 5” > Richard Mateosian, (/EEE Micro) “REUTER TER BURP A RBUEE CHULA.” > Tommy Usher, (C User's Journal) “BABAR AH Steve McConnell ) AREA) HFM RCAC BRUT APT BAF Hh, RACRFEORRE NH. Pulm Kyle, (Windows Tech Journal “SEAR LODE AT Bh RAP SRI EE.” > Tommy Usher, (Embedded Systems Programming) “ARTA LA EEE.” > Edward Kenworth, (.£xe Magazine) “GLE AEE RE. HATTER A TAB SESE A OR” > Peter Wright, (Program Now) HEAE (382)& BABA RAKED ABEL (Code Complete), 4 code complete 43% BET HX WE? BH, EASA MTT RIE CIDE) PRA AEE. ABTA ‘SSF Eclipse 2 Visual Studio 2005 PHU AA thE WHEE MNT MAIO. ILA, code complete W7RSCIEMAKHEHURIS “Ae” MALMO, RACSRERLAT TIMER x APSE ACTS. a Fd OC AE PL 9 AP JavaScript (CH. SE ICR NR A tA copyépaste REBSIIEH LOM EH. 3%, code complete FRE ARG? PHAN A EME “REAL” WE? BR MB LWCMMRE, HUMBER A, (aA ES) OO ch AEE, code complete Fé“ fab 76 8k "M55 B.-A AIL FF ALAR POY BEB FE BE milestone). APRA RTE, RACER TANRELLIR, ELTHAM, RAHUMERN TH “RISER” BEL LAMAR, BOD MH, RAMS AMHR. AAA, MABEHAMER, Hore wee FE 34.3 Fy REEL EA ED. SARA ETS HER EAB TE ER IR Fi, BABB OMIA. Hb, BUA 6. 7. 10% 19 Bik 300 SHAW AE ATMO A, CE ICHL TS RHE AEA BU ICTR OORT RH), PRUE RE wait TEER, ABB 1 UL CEA Wy BMHPEMIAR. AERLAAN 10 RAE, BOSE TRAE, “REAL” DAFOE. Pa, RB 2 PERSE ER BAA FG ACEO “HER”, AL RAE” HE UR (LEA. ETHODS HRA. Lili, ¥f code complete Mi ERRSE NTA TEES ATSB Tin fe HE LA BE, SE fet HRI — SCR DA CO 33 BE eR. 584.39 CEDURE PAE”, 38 34.447 “RAT”. TORAS (82 8)ee BEBBSES, WEAS SES. Re CE ATT HERE ARNY A, BASIN ee inhi A (AREER. HAALAS GRID 48 TAC BNA, FES), WESH. REA 800 SHAMIL, MES MRE ADA), WAAR ME REA A CHARMAN. AREA MATA EME AMIDE. (Oty. MRPLFE A TEA 18 FE RE. HEM AIT HO PERE, MATT AL, ARaS H® %6 Sh, A AY Aaa BEA TD RB HAS BE TMS", MAH PIE it. ROGREFE AR. TASCA 4“ ORRRRY FURR! ROE", ARSC A AURA A RASATABA CABRERA HES LIE AE, SCE 33 Be AEH”, RRR RR Sah, AC ROR SAU FOCAL ABE TAR. RS, AERIS CAD, TOE @) SPARE ART WAT REO. AGERE, WSR ORR RE. ABSIT M—H G30 $50) HAS WIRE “Hy Set” 3 — So SL A, J BLA Ne J RBH. RPM, NT 8 “BORE”, ACURA mur PRI TE {PE PSUS, EGS AS AE” IM ECE AB RI) TRIP SSF IBLE TE TENE AEE dS PRE OR, LS SERENA, HES 322 “aR, AaB ERIM GE CAT RE Se A Ae Me RE RAED RTE RENTER. SSRRHA, WEN eer”, ASV T TRE SH SHARSAR, ON TURE KE MONTE ER. EMSSALIEMA, WH 13.3 7 “SE” W173 8 “goto 184)", OF REAR AEA LMF ioe AYR, ROTA ik, Hem, CL I. BAR OC SESE ETE NIM BAER, LAH MMO, EMR, Bik ATR. Ab BRN — AE, BPA R AYIA “CYourdon 1986b)” RRNRER LAR, Bf DUNS B63 HLA By 5 mR Reo He Sea A ATLL Sh, Ii, (Yourdon 1986b)(02H) EXE (3B2 i)aed v 3 Edward Yourdon "4 (Nations at Riskd —¥3. WIRE BL “(2000)” FRE, AB TAME ER SCHEME AHS. kee FEAR TS ESC AR BEA ety: //oww.ceze.com, 13 PE OM LH BE AY HK Wh ecde.comvi1234 ty hi as) AM i SD AT A AY UL. AC HB ft 3 A OS RHE hetp://www.cc2e.com.cn, FL dé HP ti BL AY cc2ecom/1234 Hy BT I Uh fi ce2e.comen/1234. ATS CALE BARE 2006 4 2 AINA TUT, RS AERO. RRS AEM bug free fF, MEBRRLAAH. WRETE RUE SRAEAT RET), SCADA ASRS UH SG PEA hE. TNE HR ER ACAI He fH BATAE routine MEE “TARE” AOL. ARADO. THE. a AOU LF dl 4 BERASEIER, RATT FP: SREB AAU 1, 2, 5~9 RE, GRAVE 10-26 Hi, BRAUER 3, 4. 27-30 HE, IKIEMBREM 31-35 8, Jie KEIRA BHEH BET SRR, OER CAR OBT HEM SRL, HR REM A IDB, ALINE Sih eA ER TRAE. 45 GAARA WEY PRR LAT, tym T KBD ERR ANF. Tbh, AAA (RRP ame ROLE. -Cevbtk —3 Scan, FERED A ARBAB BSL AUR TE eet HAC BOAR GME Ie AS ATA BIE AAA SR, RAM ATE A BHM, MARIA. a! # 2006 #2 A4a PEAS (982 8)EOL BRBAMEF Ashlie, REMHALA FILA Ht He RAL, LT AAA OFA SFE SB. EXE (92 i)—DSAoR MAR 2003 FRR, WLM ARUREARA, — IK, KARATE msn LA, hei: “A 200, A AMEP I THRUAUIE TB 2, ARO AERRALIE TE DE? ” RAR A PARI, UE SR, RE CRAKS). RARER, RABI MAPS EMINENT, (RE AMTERAAH, AR. BUM BDA AF HALAL AA ALI HARA) CO 2 A) CLEA, KBE RRR, NITEM ER ERP”. RNR, RAMABE, TRACE CER, SPURT. BATRA ROBT ASH, Aes “—ePAT ATE” NR, RAR A BOF ia 2004 FEI MUTBL, aA HH LH ES MARIA, 27S SP EA HL UHR BD 8 Ye ABR 0 HF LAR AB ATT TR HP SE SRA, RT RFU AAKHRHE ARM OE NAAT, IMMA S ETP TARE PALEY Eo RA, BRR EH AH PH RL A TB EK TT BADER LITE HIE AE, AES CRB ASD OB 2 MO. iit SY RE AEE FE ETS. RS RR AS SAA AOL A TT SB i PRT, PH IEI, MCU AERIS HY, BALL A — eh FF LB PREM, BET ALONE, 2004 4 12 A, MOT ROR TRA, He PRAT RETA) COR 2 AR). AERIAL, FASC AO Sh ARSE Hy A AT EA fis BIR, SARA NL AT . TALE, TDA BE OR AHI ABAA DIAS OOS, (SAMO T LD, ARERR LEMME, EEKIRAT OTS, FERRARO, WTAE, JL FIRE: SFA PRA, RAT. NTR AR AR, (ath BOP MEET « tae A Rn RE ARE MR LPR, BEML ELA BAER LAE, URS TMT. SEAT BOR T RASTA IED TEE FEMS DE a SLE BS AT FIXES (M2 ME)vii ost SEAM. TA, IRE TER, CWE, BORA “HELE A”, GU, AREAL ANIA A CT. ME TT RH, MMAKR— RA ORBAD) C8 2 NO MOET PARE Cheep: / swwew.co2e.com.cn)s SPRUE INGE, CHIE ORD Bente RIM, LE 2006 “E38 33H CEFR RELNRABART 15 SAE GE. BOSH, tak “Ha fEA” AFT TA. HP ARIHOR, RACK AF SAT See. FIBRE WR AB AH INAEDY, ALA RAMA IEEE. RAC, UES HRA MUAH PELE AP EAA SET, ECE AR PHD A ESE GSC — ha Oe A” SA BE PARA, MESES BECO, th Bier A ACB RIE R IT. ADELA. ESATA LINDA te. stat! mS 2006 3 A FRR HEAD (352 i)Preface DS PLGA LAT RS RRA KH FRAIL K—— 3 FURL PAP HRA AEMEK, Asdk, HHRATRBEH IAAT ER. — Fred Brooks RGA STE BO, EAE A AR Ah AAT Hs ABH SER GAIA BS RAZ UAT RIE HE FRA OR LEE ANTE HE IN A AZ HT, BEL EE RELA LEH T SE. BUREN RMR, (MAW KERR AAKEIL. AERP OAR OREM. RELI ARMM, LARS RAMEE FP OAR. KAMAL RERAHTA OB BIRT RDAT ZAMS, ARLE 20 tHESC 70 AFAR DL Rae SUR! Hl a ME HEN AS BS TR ALD CES AZ SRR, MUM AS AS REN LEO PEALE REA, ARR, TR MUR EZ ie. BEA SE ROYER, MRED 5 BI 15 2 LE AIHA] (Raghavan and Chand 1989; Rogers 1995: Paras 1999). ATM REAR IR — BEE, TEASE AO RA PREREA RS MRA RIAL. Who Should Read This Book ENS PRA ABP ATROTR ROME, OIE A RMIEE, HKREEHE HUTT R, BANG. AERA ANT A STL, IE VRPT RSE EA]. XL NRE AD RSE AA, ETE HAAN RARAEAEAIN FED O ROMSE IS LS EBRM SR AK Experienced Programmers B+ B0EER NTSO+ SME AMA, APIEMITER A — AMS. SMES. AH ORERVAE “MRE (construction), BILSEMA( PAS EPL ARAANAUADS: ACTS SEER ADUR TIT RAS AL BPE A ALS LTE UR ABBE. HBAS (828)‘Ok Xx a Technical Leads RRAS PEL ARA RS RAR ALBA A A) ABN EAT AP ET RAED LARD SMO AS AL ETF BA + TAT CLARE A CRORES. OR iB AL ERR HE PRT DA, AS — ee ARE ATH CN OR GE, BR BESTE). AMR LABH RARE ME TIMZ IS, BALERS AT RESET Zs RA ASE A He] LT Seilf-Taught Programmers BSHheeR WRAL AS TEIN, AFTER BLE. SEELTAT 50 000 AE BEAK —G Ab WL (BLS 2004, Hecker 2004), (E1fE 421 FLAT 35 000 VASES Ht ABA AL CNCES 2002). MIKA B AE BRAT OT LARA 4 IBS PERE RIERA ZL ATE Hy NY TEI « CEVES PNY LA BEB LES FAIRE A RTE, SHE. EK. BUND BAS LOB, APRA HAN PER — BBP» MELANIE — eA EAR DL. GH OE SE BL PERMA. AFRBAL MEM ATS AR RELAA RANT Students ee SBME TESLA II OUEEY SRO, ALASRURIE LE RAE, EE EEKS AE HRCA, (RRS CU NRE (production programs ) FSR. TRS ARIAT, IR BREA EPR BE, Pl RENNES AACE AERO. SLA SHIT L Be EA Sab A FET A ILA POR. SAVER, MERTEN A SM ETAL EHS RUS AC TS NR. RMB HAM — HERR, EIR T ULE A AE SAHA Reach ae aula SARS FO ATT AT Bn. NY FIBLE TE Ze MEARE RE PARR, IKE A HRD. Where Else Can You Find This Information ZBREAMARM RBI LHS AAS ER A HOSE T He UTR | OS CEE, ER OU ERA BRP RGM, CARB, TICS mE OF EZ 4b (Hildebrand 1989, McConnell 1997a). AT AT RLAE RATT OS ABER AAT ROY REEAH RABE. ERAT ALM ELAS — A RRA, UE AT HE EAE (ALAA) FAME MAE. BL, FF ATT AE A HOKE (HH 2K)IRAE LI AF toe Ft A ABA AMEE RAAT A BA BZ NEA. eT Cava BEATTY. CHR Java GED Al CRM Java BPE) Zia, RMB ES HmARRIA, AURAL ANE? PHT LAGU Intel Bk Motorola HERPES FA, ee Microsoft Windows 3 Linux SRE ARMA, HE RARITIES 1059 — PR STEIGER ZI PBS OER AR eh RE RB RABRE RIAL. EOE AEE. ASS BEE, PrP AERA RAE A ABNER LD. HALA TER SOAR, TDR HAS eA AAS ADs REAPS RP EAE RIN, Pa. ALTE RANE A PINK AMAIA — Ke, ABM iM MEAN SAR Hi, ARE FAA He. ROGER A ABET. A RAT Rh, By EAA ERR, HPA eee SHER APE wine Bie wR RELOKE AOA Key Benefits of This Handbook PRSABAES KORA AR, AAEM ERM AG AMET, BREMA SHMRAMBSS AUTO TARA, Han B, DARAMRLTR. CLARAMAML PM EBAY, wale Hy DR, ESKER ARO, AT. TH. MAS Re FAA HEAT AM. ARTS OT LL ARRAS Sh AR AER Re I. PRA He PADRE ACH CUIET ARRON RE (checklist), PATA EE aK FRM RAIA, PRT, SRA. PIE. RES. GRR, Se. ACHIXS (952 i)xxii as SRREAIER AMET — Se NMRR, PSEA RT IZ RA. EAA T RSA A, CATT BE AEA ARE, RASS. UR OAARRRAFR ADE TA, Ut RBF ARH eT RAMRAMH ZL, PABA ATM, MARAT AD. SBR MARE AAVRD ART ERR A HE STL, TORR Toe. ATT CRO BOT SER OOH, RUM A CHA MBA, (eet Zh EAR, BERRBATE HR BRK WR, HAMAS Ree 1, MEAT ABE 10 3 RK. AUS ART ARAN. RTA CH AER. OT PORE UE LEI AMOS ALMA EKA TE REL, UO EM ELITR RSP i, (eth EMR. BRMAEAFAS MR MOR A TAMER ARIE WIRE, TiOH C++. CH, Java. Visual Basic, ELI W AOL SRR RB) AMAR THE 500 TRIBAL, HAZ HATA. 2 RAR A Bo ENE AAA OE 6 BA A LP AR REE A, RRA IC FEF AKA RH RARE T SANE TS OR, ET RT: SR MCRRIF RUDRA EP BS AA — EA — 4 EA RT SEAR DIY, SLE REM DH a A ST EA A AREA A a ATs AT BRUS Hit eS NF AW ea RI, BS SOON M0 tk — PREY E,W T ARO in ie, WRF RTE SER TF OR EA «se SUR fs Xe a ARAVA, AS EHO A FUT AA SR, MAREE. Hi RRO, REREAD Sr TE. STASIS B IR ASICS TORRE TAPE OAT ATA, IE AGS. CARAT, “RE” MSRM, MEIER, Ys FMEA T PRET EAT. BOER HEBXE (952 1)a os xxiii ectecomi2ss BLSERTA EA TIMIMTEMR cclecom LARRERNKUR, SEA. HW SUE, ARREARS. Lili CRBADD GE 2M) PINK R, MABE LFAMG AR, EMM BP MA “cc2ecom/”, Jak PUTER TEN AT. kA AEDES ABER EA ES IS. Why This Handbook Was Written ANABSRAFH TERE LAER, AMOEBA UTR), ATE AT ZA A SR Hh BRL ARE MAH 54 RB HZ (Computer Science and Technology Board) MI — HR ATH, AKOTA TR, FEC AY AT LARVAE FE RSI RUA He —FEI™ 2h fe CCSTB 1990, McConnell 1997a). BARI, HMA AE TAM ms RE EM ERS The Topic of Construction Has Been Neglected RHPA RAM BLUE, PETE RR ANG S PSMA A FEI PEt ELBE RE ETE RE MP 0 NED B AERA, BSR — MH OY SL SL AR AT TRF TE BO Td eS WPCA PHATE. AR. Rit. WRSABT. kee AD TRAP. BIE SAT RT AEM ELT RPAH OZ TE LE, BRA A Uh, ORE RD ETE SARS ETE, BMT WIE EMEC MEER. RTT: FRE, PETE RP AS AL REE —— MMAR, TSE SELMA HAH AE BTER (phase) EAT. ARK Cinteration) EAT, aka LLAORY FAG. ARAMA “RR: Construction Is Important WESVLEEN REM A AA MNS — ABNER EMR OMS, NS FAT RA, WERNER, IT AS OTIS. MBIA MIE. “RUSE” RAGE T RUG A OSM LER, TCE ANE btikEIT 50%. DBE, “FRE” ABE a AOE Hb TS ORU NTR AME, AHA AU A Like sos HBAS (9528)ao 8 xxiv BY 75%. FEA —A BE Ay 50% BI 75M EAR He Fe TE TE A AR AB ESI B27 EP MAARH BE BS PT) th AE SAB EL, UPR AD RT Bk RO: AR ET AL RP BAL ly ELAS TESS AAI ARAN EE EG “TE AS FOR RR HP I” BEER GL, ORM TRGMLAHALDMA RE, WR, iE MMR HSB CESAR Ee IGS BETA A TE MEY, ALE AHL de BS} —— Ba yn SR A TE + PAR RDA A EEL Bi © DAFLA SURE, SRA ER LR BB ERAT i, SORE TES hi FRB, FROME ETT LE bz RENEE WS (Weinberg 1983, SEN 1990). FT UA SHR OTS TEIN AR, SER Rm ee BNBEREE. AM 2H FEB 9 53 — HR SRB ye EPP TT EM Pa. APR. AT ADOT RAO, FAY, MITA LR TAA OR, OPE. JUTE Tb RBA, ity AEA RIT ASEM. LEO AUER, RUSE MET Huai), cea, ROGERS, BEATA AETE No Comparable Book Is Available RATA GAS CRT ART IRE, RAKE, SRM RUAN AS SLIT AARP BRT. RPK Ak Se oT SA BRAT UY, ULRIKE ARM, TTA BUELL MART. EEF 1S en, WR —seRROR tl ALGOL. PLA, Ratfor LAE Smalltalk WW AKA. ATMEL A C03 senior RP RAOUL ZF. BURT RAVER AY BE TE I eS FB rcay (Ai, MRI AAR etree TIO TRE RMB R, UstiHe EE seams rn OT AEE A ERT OO REM Wit, AOL TRAM Tm EBLE ey OS een. eee Serene MMAZ, RUTGERS HOKE eRe. WIRE DLE —esiaie, AULT RI BE. TR ARTO ORR Maa Bela crae SOPRA WA RTH ERT 2s IL REBAR Hae, SAARC TOL ALT WR PS A, (a A A Rh Pe 1. RICA HHO RIT UB MR AIMEE RSI} — PRE AE SUL POE RS Emm) 5, PEXKE (982)oF ai Author Note TEBE Ba SA at TT EAT i, LO AR, BRE A A AM GRR, RAMA stevemme@construx.com, (2 HY LA Vy i] BA Pa se www-SteveMcConnell.com. Bellevue, Washington Memorial Day, 2004 Microsoft Learning Technical Support Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this book. Microsoft Press provides corrections for books through the World Wide Web at the following address: Atip:/www. microsoft. comMearning/support/ To connect directly to the Microsoft Knowledge Base and enter a query regarding a question or issue that you may have, go to: http://w microsoft. comMeaming/supporv/search.asp If you have comments, questions, or ideas regarding this book, please send them to Microsoft Press using either of the following methods Postal Mail: Microsoft Press Attn: Code Complete 2€ Editor One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 E-mail: mspinput@microsoft.com EXE ($2 8)BE Ble 3 Bae BSR RK BT Bee RoR 810% Re Hie RABE Risk AS 28 16 Bie 18 B19 20% Ble 22 BB Bae Contents at a Glance BR-H SE SRE FE ennn§ FAL SEF oP Hh BI ETP Bia: WWAEM........ “ Kee “MR” AH... eesssee soeesne 7 6) RAE PA VAT AEA... RTE BMRB REREAD se beeen (EFT ce sosssssequsuevesonnnannsonene us seve 237 RRL OR... BEAR A ARG ROBART ARAB REY... PERI AR ES A RR... ve AB A RE TR... ‘trite... 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BANE WRAY LOR SB ah eR, i ae A Fe BS. sn. 700 on 846 SOBA (982 i)#1 aD Laying the Foundation FIBA PBK (#2)Welcome to Software Construction g s RGA RASH R cezecomor7a YES 11 ACRE: BST «12 ReGBBATMKSE: Bon = 13 DORRAT: Ben Rep = EASA: A = KRAUL: AD = DHABSRAFH: MS Wis MN “HIRE Cconstruction)” —ial ZEAE IF: WE “ESCA (construction workers)” {£4882 — SER. Tye PRRAKEEY TALES AE. ZEON, TTA OF “BRAGA Cconstruction Paper)” RTT ARE. BA AAO, “Ha” Ja ER iE. Hate TA A, Bit. 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CERIRR RDNA, AAR (HAEPAK Cproductivity) {HETIL 10 5) 20 18 (1968) . 3 —A RBIS IR FUN ILATIES (Curtis 1981; Mills 1983; Curtis et al. 1986; Card 1987; Valett and McGarry 1989: DeMarco and Lister 1999: Boehm et al. 2000) . 4184538067 ‘ARO ERIE SAE OLE RR OE ELE ARIOER. HENOTO— ARB — HEANOR AMR CIEE Ps EBERT CLA SIRIME — POR OAS. RAL BAT MOT At 8) CUE A, Be, BURT Ae mR. ae Fie PPA CIE CED, HEU AERIS) IRIE Rube Goldberg Iistttr it Fei, NE —/SRM. Eb ALG PATE. REA AE Roh OL ARIE PREAAR——TMRARROL HE — RMA TORE i, ES AO RTS RL. NAL Me HERZ IS t REALM. RIL (statistically controlled) MSMR. ATS RAIA FRIAS, EULA RABE HMM LAR A ya A. ZELNE AAS OTA ETN RE, RRS RST. Ue, Kit VHA UATE ote. LARK, ERR TRY F Metis —ig ie ATT SURO. BU. RORE EET AGH, JA ASTRAL RRA 1 Hie: Rube Goldberg RNAP AI, HALES AHEM ARIE, BULA. ARAM A RTH HF ELE Sek AR, HEBXE (982)8 1S WDA ROR How to Read This Book | 3 DRS B RABE MEE OAR, they CEE. MR MAREE, MART EARS 2 fe “AIRS ETE SER ETE” TF SEEEE. OUR ORAR AE Ee PETE TS, BA OR OT LAME 6 8 “HTL. TPE ANAR” Fee, PRG LS) ASHE AS Hs PAR NAO EO. SR EE BABGEA MR, MAMET 3.2 45 “PE IT AA ER” FER. Key Points Er SALIH TP AB DID, MAR ah AE EL ELAR o> LTE. AME SDI, PT. RO, IR. TP RR Cdeveloper testing) (HGH TCM IAAL) HR BORE “GeO” “mR”. RET aA RR EN CREAT AS EA. BUG, HR “ATR AT HORE” OUERMPARIR, Bese T Hie BARE AO EAE REAR MD ET HBAS (92)Metaphors for a Richer Unders' ing of Software Development s c FA BSIST SR SB 78 th BPR AZ ceze.comnzrs PY 2.| = 21 BAMCIESHt: 9 = 22 SOE RM: 11 7 = 23 ASLAM: $137 sep = WAR: 5.1 Hey “RiLe—Ne este” HALAL RL AE RTA EP OE eS TEE «Ee ASEAN 20 °C A A, JERE TD BH TH BEC virus ) IS PACS (Trojan horse). if (worm). Siu (bug), i843 Cbomb), it crash), i844 7K HR flame), 5k Cowisted sex changer). HEY HL fr HK (fatal error) +++ FES SiR, Ame IB He BIR Hens 2 FEAST BAIA CHEM) SAR Tc SIAR a Ae aE HIG RE. BORE LSE RAMEE GHA EMER. RO, BUNA Cal AE ERE SLE. ARTS SEAL IE SIN AY AIF AD ELBE HLS — Ree ORO. ALN, FREE BPTI AA, PAT LBL ACR AR TT Is A NH TF Rite, wii — soe, The Importance of Metaphors SE HBR IRA FF FREE Canalogy ). SEI WAR ABA EN Ae FAH ffs Bey BANE. Lt ab RAI AR PH CLEARER BY LM AS A OG He FUSER. RO FHT ROMNAT FHI Oh “HEHE ( modeling)”. PEP SEH BIE AB AY LL AES RY Jy TTA MR BE AL CUE BELA AWE 1 CLEP, EK J BY IAL ER AR AD 48 EE IAAL. FOR ATMO UES T ALM —LBE (Barbour 1966). HBAS (2 MM)2S PRMRETHWRRAAR UBM FSO IC RAT — ABTA “HR Cbilliard-ball)” BU, E4E. RSS FAL R AT HO 2 1D EE RENAE, BUBHOR— A. AIRS AFA RO aR A 3 Re dH EB EE EE EA AE DATE Ae RO. SERA CFE. ARE), BER GRE. FED ASE AEE tL. FP BCE He AD EBACE TS LOAFER EE. BLES Pi ROUSE I), ABST AR FP EEE ELE EAR ER OTE RS BBE AEE Sh EH AED, HE HERE Sp eB “LL. Cether)” ——fE AHA A ARERR IIR ASP. BURRIS ET ERROR, WEEMS AT Bhi FALE MR, ROU RARE EIEN, TEE TS. EOE ESRAHBIR A: 44 MULL (properties), XH (relationships) WA BAP FATE MI AWSY (additional areas of inquiry). ALAA, RRMA MES WAL AE S| ay, BT th, BREA. 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BUR FETE YES BRA LAN IG. ALTAR PORN. HE SERDAR —22, TAAL. URN RRMATT SS ABAR, thakveTe T teat RAARAS HAR. 2 2 How to Use Software Metaphors e g SOGHEEFRR SAT SSI MPM RE IRR, DRIER RRR. FORE PRR, TUL TENT: BIER. OREN ELA cevrome (Heuristic, ASE, GRE), TAILS (algorithm). SEE ER NARMS, ROKER MEMES . MRE aT Ta (predictable), Miz HER (deterministic). 7.5} 4E4L fH) (not subject to chance). — HAE (952 8)RNSA RTE aie SOT ORR snRNA, SE 5.1 BH teste, 2H AMR OM AS PATRI A RBA B SME, Dik OR, ATL MUA D, BF BRI, BOREL APE RP BOR ER nS a TG RAH CREE) EAR ARR, (ER RIE FBAATEN (subject to chance), AW RAM VEO EAR, TRL UREA A. EAD HVE MAIN LBA A ABE Be PY AES AAR AUB ERMA. EOL, RARER AT AD HLM: “CONE REKGTM, WEAR, REET A 30 RIGCRGE HIRE. BRAT RTE RANK, SREY: W167 SATE E Puyallup; $A South Hill Mall ti 71H 2K a GE EFF 4S SEB ZEA ae SURAT, BAER — MEO Ae, MERE AR EE RL North Cedar #714 3. FART ORR UAT AE ALI RE, PRUL L$ URINARIO OOS AF th AULT MA, BIT ZAR — FAI FEM. A BURR) — HAAS RB BIR, URORABA, Macde pastes TRUITT I, BUNS URE. SERA RATES MARA, AREA. ha TERY EL ROT, CEAHI-Z OD Je SE TCE A A RIE. MT BRE OR Oe eh AONE ST BEG A I tn fH PI, UE SHMRBE ARTA. GUS A a Sst RS DN, BORER, oe RAUL. (LRP PEARED EME, REAGAN AT EMA Sek. REORL, AMIDES LBRO, (conceptualizing), FEHR ILE HE AL AME CEIOHER. EBA AMES LAA, TLRS A eA a FAT LRA i PA SRE. RTCA. HOR, AE ‘ee EA Ban FR i DE, 25 ht So eV RAMA FB Za 1 BOF AT AE A 2 50GB sn FL PRD: OR DR ASRS Eh AIR aD. ALR EAE AY AI MY ITI. WASP AEA ALATA RESID T ART HRN a. ELBE TAP EE, MIB, AP AE ROMA, BBR RR A CR ETE ROTA, LRT RR RE, IE ALR TUR Eh Ree ERS, HBAS (982M)2. 2.3 RATE RI 13 Common Software Metaphors PB ALBIERA RSID (RES AEFE S A RR HAI MAE IAS. David Gries BMWS HEE —17 FV (a science) (1981); if Donald Knuth BEREA Can art) (1998); Wa Humphrey Wis e:s—Ahb Be Caprcess) C1909 PJ. Plager i Ken Beck #8 tT eA NE I (Plauger 1993, Beck 2000). ater Gonos HERR (a game) (2002): Eric Raymond OE 9/5) 2 —4*48 it) bazaar) (2000); Andy Hunt #1 Dave Thomas RERMRAE (gardening) —FF; Paul Heckel Mi ERIM CAS AeA BAY (1994); I Fred Brooks it ROt HH. (RABI. BRIRIEIR A —iRMIETE “AE HAL” SBIR] (1995) +--+ YEN BPH? Software Penmanship: Writing Code RAHI BA: SEB RT APT RAE ARIMA “OS He (writing) UES” IAP BE RE SRA» i — RRR A FP Bt — SR ARS 3 AT cB EAE, HOUR, MGB T . MAR EMR, PALE 2 ADE, ERWRRET. VEE AYR AIS HX PASO TE TOK. HCI Jon Bentley i, (iMi% AT DARE bik ARATE i, DER Eu BE TR NUFETE”, BAR TTR 2 — AR HH Hb BEEBE. Brian Kernighan AMP. J. Plauger BA —AK TS PAM (CEE E HED CA The Elements of Style? Strunk and White 2000) ', #H4b{1X TELM (programming style) (1) 547% 9 AGFLAK IER) (The Elements of Programming Style), 1978). PEF AA) HA SRitie “PVF ATYE Creadability)”. HEPA MBL BA WOR, RSM OST. HRTF Hb di AT. GK A FG — ESE TEMES FE DD NK ETE RIE. PSM AART AEB, Ti— MARAT A SEL RR SL KOREA. ERS , URE CRNA a ih EMT, A PHU ARE OCE— IME RA AA LE, RAPER OAR T . TRH WSSUL MA AE, AVE BLE TER AIT OR, A CE REE A ZRO LHR, HARA MD TERM 90%, RVR ELALHL OLS (Pigoski 1997). YS E 1 FF» EAC BE ESE IR GUE (LEM FEEL, AMG ICE ROKR” HF RAE, EEIKT ETA (reuse) LEME MY ERT EAL, (UBD ZAG Ceest case) MIFFRME. BZ, SYK FRAR ARETE BLE AL, ARR T ‘ek: ARH 1959 1M, 1972 aH 2H, 1979 4 He 3 BK, 2000 FEM 4 Ba, AEX (982 18)14 B2S PRARSTOOBRRAAS REM. BORAT Cer ED 5 He TT ACE Rm id — A Fred Brooks (t) (A 1 #18) (The Mythical Man-Month), redbrae Brooks 1995) iAPSERS APIMAGA. Brooks ihe “BARA — AS, Most A amet oynane Ee, ERE MO.” GAAP TCAD T RAC —ATAN 2-1 ARERR EAHA LR ee meat MERE RRA BERS 6 ata. Crip Zorouni Plan to throw = Wifi oe ae RAT A EZ B21 REST M A RTE RM BRANES (trial and error) 24S, MRRP MAM MI ADIRT CER UBLCS — St “TEN” ROPE NUAL ATRIAL OI “chal Wa” PRR (ERK “BSE” XBR “ELS CAE", SUAS Se — 4 Ff BB SX —— IESE IE LEE I BER SE LTE Me T HL BP TAD AER — BEY BHAA & AM. BM AE, BE fie ALAN PT ROME AS be EU AT Peay ET He — Ue EDIE A BR LE wR) —$ BR AIR ASHER IR MII ARH WEIL UH ea WT EBT AMIR. Software Farming: Growing a System RABHEA: (SA AUS TT AS RA FL RE BO, — REC PE BRAD A DIT ICAL BRA HAUNT. OU Bet RB ARE. i ARIMA, TEER Be ARIMA AR BE. AML 1 LAE IT AES RTO — AYR AMT RAMEN A: HA ARLE BEA, HL EERIE BA, mA io ESRI IRON. RMP ALTOS AREER, LES AAPA Beas BEAHERINEE. fein in AEM A RA NO SP KR, HRC IER 88 Henmang IHC BERRI AWA UD, USAT A XN HLBRAT AE FTF SHE se bean) ARTERIES. AIL ESS PETS BBL “eH” ZR. Merton ese AU AVES APBD MARR —F FR 2-2 CRN: Ode BOI A CHICANE: ct evr aon AUR SEH IMF. AA UTR, SALLE HCA FG, Beg RPE. OBE ERP CHALICE”, Bear MAA —AE LH AN EAE RUE. HEAD (#2)2.3 SB RAIRAERIA 15 SPE BETEA BEM NOSE ALE P CrUB as TATE ERT FE BA PEL LA Hh BEAT EAL ALAR AIRE. ACER BCE TR aA EH JL. HEIL, CHE TEAR ER RE. 2-2 AR HEHEAE ER — NBM te Sth S| SRE Fe Software Oyster Farming: System Accretion PACIFIER: AGE CERICIE A (growing ) MAE RU ATOR, ARYA M1 Fab EHR PE EK Caccretion), PUA RAMI ER SEHK. TOA EA AL BEAR TER BB) CE GK, RAFAT, BA ARE EE HM LE, (388 BS RS = HE HH” RA TP LI RL, SEIN ARS. ZENE, “accretion” iW RB “BUR”, FRR AAA th eA TUCHMAN A Bi. EES, “OL Fee” FRAG E905 8 0 i HD SE 3 A SL it AR A AS TE SK. ates SIE AEE BEAR 2 tal ARC TER TP AG AAR, AEB enn A, UH BEE Ze haf — YO AE REM IN — ANS. FRA EISEN Be nae EAT: “SPRL Gineremental)”, “BARE iterative)”, “ E8104) adaptive)” 2k “GHEY Cevolutionary)”. CURT WTB, ROM, AEFI SR Jo AR FE RN EMT MMSE, BAIL ACHE RIA I EA. ER TM WA. CABAL AA, WAESU MONET SCIEMUAR AE, BARE sti 98 —E ULE SEMA LAE TTL, SALAM TR HEIR eo Psa ES AEA HT EEE BLA (ummy classes). EN RUEANURLEL, SURELAG TE TERT BALD R, CRATER, HB — ANSE LAPT AB BRR BNSTEW, AAR, TEES AMOR RES: HES (#248)16 B2S PRAAREROWERRAS EER HR SSA PA EZ: A UH — AMS, HABA —TESTU TORE. SCRA — Ak PR REE SACRA. AMULAE 1975 He IR RAE 38) COPE) EL (building one to throw away) {f) Fred Brooks ii, Eft S SET RR MAM RE OA MAD ZO SEDD, RATT REGS RECEP HONE SBR T ft SAM FF Be 1 ER HEI (1995). Tom Gil ZEA RAPE IH HEC +E LE ALGEB) (The Principles of Software Engineering Management, 1988) ‘' HIPAA Tiki, ESPEN T BattsAeIt (Evolutionary Delivery), EAE PEEL BOE T MEME (agile programming) Witty Mt. HF AD Wakes 38 TIX (Beck 2000; Cockbum 2002; Highsmith 2002; Reifer 2002; Martin 2003: Larman 2004). HED ASOT eS «SRE RR ORS EF ARE AR. GR HERB BMRA, YE HAS Y SH | Ee a2 A we TRA R CRBMEK) WNT. Software Construction: Buil RHE: BSE ; 45 SAF Cwriting)” fF RA “OHA (growing )” SPF A, “HEHE (building)” ing Software SAPOTACEAE COO LALO, FIRE Re 5]. RRM T REINS ONL, ital, AE AT STRAT, RAW NUR AURA HT RES EL, itt aba FOS BAMA, HEL ROLES HA Ay AIO ZA. BER AED Cfour-foot tower), HARARE, BER EEA FEM, UB AR STEER AM. TOUR ARLE A 100 FARK, AES 100 AEA EE AHS, Fe BEI RSE ER AAT RIT RR AE. OR OB at — 4} 1 YB 8-89 — Lb fn — $f —— Sp TEE ACH ES RAAT Fs HAE GPLIS, UMSER Fido RATT . MIRED 2-3 BAERS THN, BT HAA HR, ABTA TK, ASB REE SEPERBET « WAH IRS tha EAU TAD. BCAA RCH tod Fs A ER BEE SAE «UR YS 1000 FTA URAL TARVER, PRET EMEEMLAK, RERAKS. vay poner BAP (32)2.3 RARER ne 23 ABRAM LIC TM, EMMA AMT, TN DURE HE, MK MBEN ERA MAES, APRA RLETT BU ARAN es SR A EHS A Ps BE he i HE BM Za 0 $F TER ENOL 2 fa] BEX (problem definition). HK, MLA AE SUIT Carchitect) FRNA — BARI, FA BUE. RRICEAE MBIT architectural design) -A}40. WR Jer (i FAY A, HER ELA. BRACE HUTA BLE. FERS, OSE RFS, TTP, RR, MAT, AOE RT SURES Hh. REUTER TAL LAKH HYRE (construction) AE. fE/ FAME PpTEM Je» EB BL HM NIE AURA 1 BOR TEN LRT SH Flt te BORA ECAEAIOLIE Coprimization) FE. ZERMAE, BEAK HURT ASOR REET HUE. REAR, AER U RE y. BET SASL AE GFW, reviews) Ai (inspections). CERAM, COMA AMMA ARES IC. ME AORTOR, RRS bth ATMA ME, (ARETE ABLE Ab. JE PRES FENERERARO, SREP RAST, RANE T MS OT, SHEER T BUC. AR AT AA TE, aA 224 AGRE BORA AR AR I SAB TE SAK] WER THR. LET RR PEP AiR, BORER IMB. (SF aH Ay EATER A. RE — ay TLL AR, ALES ET) HP ES, BL PM AEN AH RRB SY ABE AE RA AE fe. HEAL (#2)B2S ARMREST B24 SwRI REE mermEMRY Bea Sh. ABER ADSAT TE ZARMOLZ MR? BAP ROT, ARSE ADAG MACHA BRR AS. OE TUEAL. REP BL. HEBEL. DK TULA. BRIA REDLEAF FMM. OCA M UCI. ARN. CURL. ER. APR PEI Ht eI HO. ie A CPS RLS. TASS CA HE RAK. WTI ER ROVE. Lem Bt AeA aA Ccontainer classes). PETIA. AUPE. BURMA RIMLE, “OP. 2, Acti Ej A A EU RAPA CEL A {01 IL ER — TSU RE. AG AG 16, ROTI SE RANCHER MEBLUL. ORAS RIE, WMT He BELL EPRI AURD TT BIE ERCP TERE AS AVA TALE SOR REE BARC PER Bh A Ss CLAS ALP A ML A He OE A. SS CARS EA APT LPL ee PEVSTAALPES, BCREACAT DLL? 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AMBER: mt AAT 15 SP PPR Hh. LS CE MECHEL, MUM NTI ER FIR, IRAE, Bem RIBL MNT ELE AHL Rit. Capers Jones RAMA, —AE 100 HATERS, FIA 60 HOCH (1998). JEP RAUHE IRATE TIC, TERE SCA EA RHO SAB. ACMI MEAT IB: PA fi ERE LOT TA 9 BAUER ATA ES. BU, AEE ME Pe Ua IEG T | SRB Oi CEE ALA LT LCA AAT KR, AL AREOLA. “ABB 8 25 HORROR Homma] hb — ak eR — aye tc, MESA J) — “SIA, ATTN LA AEA ALAR — Ra (itt See FEAL ACM: AREY CRU, architecture). LARHEM TRACES CATA, {Star 00a). scaffolding). #92 GH, construction). ERI (foundation classes) BLES} {GHB (tearing code apart). 4 REZRU BUR ik —2e HIKE (2)20 2S ARMRERSMRMRHAS Applying Software Techniques: The Intellectual Toolbox NARHA: SBLAB RETARD. EMER AP BUR TRB, 207% >» RAH AVE (rule), ERT TS (analytical tools). RFT Ait ASE LAER TLL, USO CASA EMMA. POEM. iA rot wR, Hwee TLRS AWS MTL, tees BAe SAOS AT nt Re LA, DORA EMM EET. Sesh igites ZEMAN, eubAh ay ASAT SUL CSR IER UL HO BR RAED HE, AIRE, BARE Z AUT RTI, HARES — AI SOIT. RAGHOL FAD OTT EAT TMC, on] MEA Le GFE SLANT” HEAD MOB RAT AVOUT RA, BERL BROS RE Ay MO RT SCAR Combining Metaphors 286 Nam BOERNE APR ECT ACE IIA, BUI EERE. eared a) BY(RAVAEK accretion) AR (construction) XH“ EIN. ctUIRABA] “5 44" Rm ALAT. MAMI DL “SE” Fe) “CR. EAVARA Cwerewoll)", “582 MEP RTE LP HERE” SHOAL AB — AL. Gs HT Le FE fl — APO WR NE — BR BYALA, BPE AEC Ott AEB, SLM ROA BN SC ee RE. EAL LAE AAR (fuzzy business). $675 GEMS EO Xo A HEA SCAA ERI BRP AE AS 5 ALA i SR a AE IG SLC EMAL, CHAR. MAM ERATE BAM LA, Oto AL ROM. AREAS AHH, RS RY ETT NE SP Additional Resources BZAR c20.com/0285 KF ABWA. BU (model) UL RM (paradigm) Fil tie 14844, Thomas Kuhn 5H MARRE A. Kuhn, Thomas S. ¢F}# R38 (4440) COS=WL) (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 3d ed. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1996.). Kuhn J CER AR SOA EERE HAT SA TBE. RI, F 1962 EAA, BE TATE AER, LSE NIE, BET CREAR Bm. EL Ae sel A A. Floyd, Robert W. “#34” (“The Paradigms of Programming.” 1978 FER SECA SBLEIH HE) Communications of the ACM) KACM iiR)), August 1979, Bp. 455460. 1X TS AHEM RF RAR ATC, Floyd # Kuhn HAL (#2 1)Key Points Er BR 21 SM TS Gte WEF ai AEE. UKE MEEAT—- ABER Csloopy) . Beane ASE cio AE ITH NRA CE, BN RT Ar Cea Ek SA — ER HS SHIEH USL AR E HERI ARLR, BRAT AT A ABR FE ERIE ROBY, MARAE A) RUT BZ ee eA. HECK RE NTRS SLAM PML, RAIA, BEE FER ABT ELA, PARCEL — PARE FAT LAIN LIL, Bes EADIE MT SUEY REA a PE TAS ARIAL Re HH HE ASR, IESE SEAL a AAT A ABXKE (982 MK)Measure Twice, Cut O 7 Upstream Prerequisi Ss =amatt: ae = 3.1 BIMBO R: 3824 = 3.2 PRORATED: 96 31 TT = 33 RENN RAE: B36 T = 34 BRVDRAH: B38 2 35 RGNARRH: B43 = 36 CREMMESLONIAKE: S550 = RRO “OR” RA: B4S = TER aR” Raieeew0g: 827s = KRSaSa@aazianxrR: 8208 = SBR: $208 = iit: Boe FRE AF Z A, CARSON toe tH MVE TERD, PARA T EA GRID VERT, IR RE. He KA BIMRA BATE, EEA HT, DERM B= HTL. Ki top A, MAR Oe Le” BAT OR, ZL LE UAE, cM EEN IE SLi. Mee LBS. ATED LAUMBO ME A TE. RGAE SUN —BE, HEL CIAL APE ECORI EZ WATE RE T . ARIEL HE, ak Pet RUARFES AB 2s FY OTE AE ALA AE IS AVE TEE “MHP, W—Yk" (Measure twice, cut once/= Mit 47) Seer FRA OMLADTE ORR, MRIDERS AMSA RAN 65%. FREES, HBAS (2M)24. 3.1 RAEI SE rs Araneae 8. REM SRE 205% "er am". & vay pon S38 Seo: Hes WUE A ET SU CRS) EE. HLA PR AT Sik STEVE TE OCP AT MIG J EA AT Me BE BURA TEA RIOT HOE, RRA CMRI. MR CIEE AC Aah, BR RE PE A, A Se MPR TS BRET” RAE AD. ROAST Sy * yee i HL ME th” WDB, BAMA 3.2 9 BEB AT ANU ER", WRF Otol HME CA BISA TE. PE FS 31 UR, eR SRT AR TE eH eT RH ER. Importance of Prerequisites RR ESNS St AFA DRE AY SR Ha A AB A ESE. CE AEC AD, PA, ARITA TE. SORE AA NISRA CE, AZ aR ARAM. ERI HE ERR ERIE A, PRR A ABS ASLAM. ALLL NVR AE FM TR LE SRE A — BBS A) ELAS EA TB SF MR A AS a A EL TR A”, SPE AL RA Ar HS IE OP” EY. ROPE A i LAE 2 Bi BEEP Z A ORES ASA RL, A ce a SCR. RR A A BS ROE EE DURES CET FAFSA BRA At, AA OAR), BRIE Ne a AYP hie SURELY Pontiac Aztek (AUR TERRE MEPL, AL TT LA RISER MR, CARA REIT ATTEN. UEP ER REREEN ROT AY Aztek, (OE ADEE SMTSEN, TBARS TERA). ZERPETE RE, itl BEE SEIDEL. ERP AYA, CBE SINR it | FEAL AL OH TR, COSTER OREM OR, HL MALE BERS ath yA MTT FT AER. RT. ERR, OE DRA SME, COR SRR RR Lat ARTEL 50K AAT SH TEM AS ERY EL aR EZ PSE TE RARE EN, HAS TR ihn al Me “RA ME RAPT RE LET”. "GBs: Ponti Antek BIRLA HM, (25 caralk Mb ARE AIL AbATHB EL, BM AI RAT Ee, REXKE (38 2 KE)3.1 AEST 25 Do Prerequisites Apply to Modern Software Projects HPESSRTRARARER pam ARATE, USN SeH. SLES MERI AL Tey LAPT 2 RAMA. BOOK, HALO, CLARRIE RHR ene, AA Mme RLS RLS WE TIAA AUS). BENNER A Sane UE A dh — AH IRE ORME ROL, PRGA TIRE. 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ISR SERTT A, EAST. 118A eae RHE ROFCH, LUIMEROAI, EAM. BE AAUIE, IRATE OIA, VMSA EN MN 2 dk. BCE PEA, IE MEI HE LH ELIA. FR SRO SR fe HRI Z ACER” ORR Ca: PRA ATA RED, HEAP Ma, HBAS (982 8)3.1 RESON a R—THRE, WOU ASME. BURR UAE PRL, (2 FEAR TG EEF AGE ORM (BLS 2002). AES, AREA HE CE PRET ITA, CEA ERE PE a TP IAS PN Utterly Compelling and Foolproof Argument for Doing Prerequisites Before Construction AT FOE ZAP iE SNA NSH A eaviee BABB “MER” 2, 5H MR” ZAMTM, € “oR WN” 2AM BETAS SSbSE, PRIGLE “HER” ZAK. MA HE MEME, ELM—TRAZ A, OT RP ASNT”, WD Oe ihn el BR”. PETAR MET. (REA PSE RRA, TERRIER AHWR AS «ATT EL 2”. USE “CET BUR, RZ HET a RD BT AH BH} 2h He RE RO A EW” GK RARE 6 FRO, RG SERIE, BT USER ite Bik. Appeal to Logic Wiese UT AAREN EE. LES. ATA, NAMA MARAT HR, BARTEL. AMA REM SOR. my TRAIUMT AAD ae, EAA EE, WH RNR ORT I BTA BA A Ta], SUGIDLG HL IBATIEYE, HCH RIE TR RR LATA, ABH Lane BRR A: SEE HAR AR ON. APTA PTE FPO ARSE we A CALEY Fett, ATE De be MEA Fee A, He AATEC AR. 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BR AIAN, TAAL BRE, EHR T “ASR” RNIN, {SABRI Recequirements elicitation), AASFi(requirements analysis). HAIMA (requirements specification). i Ril (requirements validation). WGK HF requirements management) ''. Robertson, Suzanne and James Robertson. (Mastering the Requirements Process) Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1999, 3/2 —ACiHIIE FE RGBIHY “FEAR” MLA RANTS, Fé Wiegers REE Gilb, Tom. «Competitive Engineering) . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2004. 3 {SHAT Gilb 9 “AER” HE. #04 “Planguage”. KASAM T Gilb CF TRH AORPATAY: FR -LALCrequirements engineering). Wt AUREL. Mikes Ee (evolutionary project management). KASBSUTLM, Gill HYVE FR (wwe.gi Li.com). KB 2B, AE RAE Rae. Pi: PAR CRM RD, ARR died, HEXKE (2)ESRE 37 IBEE Std 830—1998. (/EEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications) . Los Alamitos, CA: E Computer Society Press. +30 E RS KE RMU I IBEE-ANSI 488. “CHIR T FORM BIA AMER OG. Abram, Alain, etal. (Swebok: Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2001. ik ACHE MUR T ORAS ecdecomoses ERIN, Eth AL LLM www.swebok.org FH. FASS AT PEE EH OF TB. Lauesen, Soren. (Sofiware Requirements: Styles and Techniques) . Boston, MA: ‘Addison-Wesley, 2002.!” Kovitz, Benjamin L, (Practical Software Requirements: A Manual of Content and Style} ‘Manning Publications Company, 1998. * Cockbum, Alistair. «Writing Effective Use Cases) . Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. '* Software Architecture ccze.comns72 SRF SRH WEILER MRT ER TARR ATS. DIF ESE RAT HLA Bass, Len, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman, (Software Architecture in Practice) , 24 ed. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. Buschman, Frank, etal. (Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns) . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996." Clements, Paul, ed. (Documenting Software Architectures: Views and Beyond). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. "" Clements, Paul, Rick Kazman, and Mark Klein. (Evaluating Software Architectures: ‘Methods and Case Studies) . Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002." Fowler, Martin. {Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture) . Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002.” Jacobson, Ivar, Grady Booch, and James Rumbaugh. (The Unified Software Development Process) . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997" IEEE Sid 1471—2000. (Recommended Practice for Architectural Description of ‘Software-Intensive Systems). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 3X UML SRA ARAL 5A) IEBE-ANSI Hi. PEK RAE RD, GF Labia. PRA CME RD, BART Se neat BE BAA (RAO, PRR CEA AMO), AA de a EPR ARH ADR ER CEPR HDHD, PARA CREAR SEED, A Bea, SRA CORA RCH Sb) BL: AEA ASAD, BMT aed ei. SBR ARH ARs CEPR), PIER RAE RAID, KA aE, 2: BFP ARH AGRE (GES EPBLD, PIRATED, HARK diet BPR CE RA, BPD, Pe DRL: PIA (OLA RLAD, He IAT Sik: BERR OR ARH IE ALLAL GRUB EPMO), ASSOCIA: PARA Ce ARH AbD, UHL sh Bat, HEBXS (92 i)38 ce20.com0379 S3e SRST: AMES General Software-Development Approaches BRARAA RITA ARE BHT T BARRIS RA HRT. PE Be, HE ERIE R. McConnell, Steve. (Software Project Survival Guide). Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1998, AHR ax TRB PI A FP RAS IE TT. RT HR EB HSER, RFR. RAT, PEATE BORA. EAB “OM ARNT A FAM", RL, CAGE RITE. Kruchten, Philippe. (The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction), 24 ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000.8 A487 T —# “ VISE RD Dts, DLA AR A” HOTA FRANK. 4 (Software Project Survival Guide) KAD. EEA WET F—E GEA RUSTE OM ET UL, aT, DERE. RAMI, 5 (Software Project Survival Guide) #1 (Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change) PHAM AHA, RUS HS ERE. 2 Jacobson, Ivar, Grady Booch, and James Rumbaugh. (The Unified Software Development Process) . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1999. 3 4.43.08 DRA HaRit T ARational Unified Process: An Introduction} (2d ed)— BARB MEG. 7 Beck, Kent, (Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change) . Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. Beck #8 T —# RE AGA(MTFRIE, TEMA RR AUR, RSH. HR LP AERA BULEE, (CRETE REM RIE. Gilb, Tom. Principles of Software Engineering Management) . Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley, 1988. Gilb MF AVTUEA A MPT ORAUE RI, OR, AAG, GRA AR, SA Hk, eR AR. BARAT TRL E. RRMERIGHE. 5 (Sofware Project Survival Guide) #1 (Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change) 448 (33 3: HAG, BOTEM RBS MS REA. McConnell, Steve. (Rapid Development) . Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press, 1996. APRA T — ART TA TRIM LAMA oolbox) ik. — SOMA SAA DR REE DAS ELA TIL Ae HE — ERE NC RT ality. * Bochm, Barry and Richard Tumer. (Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed) . Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. RATHER T MH RAMU PHP: WePAR (Rational HATH (HOM BID. POLE AMMA, FEA (RUP Hit Uh BH 3 EID, (Rational SE—itARI1 He RBH 2 BOM, HART Sk te mea, ORE: BEM ORBEA ALAR (ESS EPRD, AERA ABRIL: PARA CRIM iL, MRT te as MAR: AFP OAT: ELI CERRO, PRR ARG: PLR CNTR Em MEI, ARG dm. TR: YEP CRRA RROD, PUR Z SOG: PRA GRR AE a ae a BRAM, GT Libba, HEXE (32 Me)cc2e.com/se6 Br 39 ‘WEzhy(plan-driven) FF SLAC EAORTLG. 3 3 RAT 4 MESA EER I A, ‘Typical Day using PSP/TSP”.“A Typical Day using Extreme Programming”. Crisis Day using PSP/TSP”, “A Crisis Day using Extreme Programming”. 3 5 HUBB#)/H REEF BAPE FEE (agility), “PEPER AAR RI” BEET ‘EULA iS. 3B 6 “Conclusions” AHA. ISLAMI A HSE MEL RNA MO — EST. Larman, Craig. Agile and Iterative Development: A Manager's Guide) . Boston, MA: Addison Wesley, 2004. KAHIMET SHRM, MUTA. CHER T Scrum, Extreme Programming, Unified Process, Evo SIFRIE. 7 Checklist: Upstream Prerequisites POUR: AES RAT CTIA TAR, ERT ATID FF AR rea AA sya? O RAMI LT RR? MLR RAL, RETR 2 CEN RUT. O RARE XT AR, DAMIR? 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