1.

Lengkapkan petikan di bawah dengan perkataan yang betul mengenai gizi seimbang.
Complete the passage below by choosing the correct words regarding on the
balanced diet.
nutrien
nutrients
jumlah
amount

kesihatan badan
good health
karbohidrat
carbohydrate

protein
proteins
vitamin
vitamins

air
water
badan
body

Gizi seimbang terdiri daripada makanan yang mengandungi ___________

_______________, __________________, lemak, ______________, mineral, serat
dan _______________ yang mencukupi untuk memenuhi keperluan harian
_________________.
Gizi
seimbang
diperlukan
untuk
membekalkan
_________________ yang mengekalkan _____________________.
A balanced diet is one which contains the right _____________ of
_________________, ____________________, fats, _________________,
minerals, fibre and ______________ to meet the daily requirements of the
_________________. A balanced diet is required for supplying
_________________ to maintain ________________.
2.

Gariskan jawapan yang betul.

Underline the correct answer.
Gizi seimbang terdiri daripada (makanan / minuman) yang mengandungi semua
(tenaga / nutrien) dalam kuantiti yang (mencukupi / berlebihan). Gizi seimbang
adalah perlu untuk membekalkan (makanan / tenaga) yang diperlukan, mengekalkan
(kesihatan badan, penampilan) dan menyeimbangkan (kekuatan / pertumbuhan)
badan.
A balanced diet consists of (drink / food) that has all the (nutrients / energy) in the
(right / excess) quantities. A balanced diet is necessary for supplying the required
(food / energy), maintaining the (good appearance / good health) and supporting
the body (growth / strength).

3.

Lengkapkan petikan di bawah dengan memilih perkataan yang betul.

Complete the passage below by choosing the correct words.
sel
cell
kecil
small

kompleks
complex
melalui
pass through

pemecahan
breaking up
badan
body

Pencernaan ialah _________________ makanan yang _________________ kepada

molekul-molekul
ringkas
yang
_________________
yang
boleh
_________________ membran _________________ ke dalam sel-sel
_________________.
Digestion is the _________________ of large _________________ molecules of
food into _________________ simple molecules that can _________________ the
_________________ membranes into the cells of the _________________.

4.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan fungsi 7 kelas makanan. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

The table below shows the function of 7 classes of food. Complete the table below.
Kelas makanan
Classes of food
Karbohidrat
Carbohydrates
Protein
Proteins
Lemak
Fats
Vitamin
Vitamins
Mineral
Minerals
Fibre
Pelawas
Air
Water

5.

Fungsi
Function

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan fungsi 7 kelas makanan. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

The table below shows the function of 7 classes of food. Complete the table below.

Kelas makanan
Classes of food

Fungsi
Function
Membekalkan tenaga kepada badan.
Supply the body with energy.
Membina sel-sel baru dan memperbaiki tisu yang
rosak.
Building new cells and repairing damaged tissues.
Membekalkan dua kali lebih tenaga daripada
karbohidrat.
Supply twice energy as carbohydrates.
Melindungi badan daripada penyakit.
Protect the body from diseases.
Mengekalkan kesihatan badan.
Maintaining good health.
Menghalang sembelit.
Prevent constipation.
Mengawal suhu badan.
Regulate body temperature.

6.

Padankan kelas makanan berikut dengan fungsinya

Match the following classes of food with its function.
a. Membekalkan tenaga kepada badan
B
Supply the body with energy
B
b. Membekalkan dua kali lebih tenaga daripada karbohidrat
M
Supply twice energy as carbohydrates
A
c. Menghalang sembelit
W
Prevent constipation
B
d. Membina sel-sel baru dan memperbaiki tisu yang rosak
R
Building new cells and repairing damaged
R
e. Mengawal suhu badan
A
Regulate body temperature
W
f. Melindungi badan daripada penyakit
V

Protect the body from diseases

V

g. Mengekalkan kesihatan badan

E
Maintaining good health
E
7.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan fungsi 7 kelas makanan. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

The table below shows the function of 7 classes of food. Complete the table below.
Kelas makanan

Fungsi

Classes of food

Function

(Karbohidrat / Protein)
(Carbohydrates /Proteins)

Membekalkan tenaga kepada badan.

Supply the body with energy.

(Lemak / Protein)

Membina sel-sel baru dan memperbaiki tisu yang

(Fats / Proteins)

rosak.
Building new cells and repairing damaged tissues.

(Karbohidrat / Lemak)

Membekalkan dua kali lebih tenaga daripada

(Carbohydrates / Fats)

karbohidrat.
Supply twice energy as carbohydrates.

(Pelawas / Vitamin)
(Fibre / Vitamins)

Protect the body from diseases.

(Protein / Mineral)

Mengekalkan kesihatan badan.

(Proteins / Minerals)

8.

Melindungi badan daripada penyakit.

Maintaining good health.

(Fibre / Lemak)

Menghalang sembelit.

(Pelawas / Fats)

Prevent constipation.

(Lemak / Air)

Mengawal suhu badan.

(Fat / Water)

Regulate body temperature.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang menentukan gizi seimbang.

Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
The table below shows the factors that affect a balanced diet. Complete the table
below.

9.

Garis perkataan yang sesuai tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi gizi seimbang.
Underline the suitable words on the factors that affect a balanced diet.

10.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang menentukan gizi seimbang. Lengkapkan

jadual di bawah.
The table below shows the factors that affect a balanced diet. Complete the table below.
Jantina
Sex

Umur
Age

Saiz badan
Body size

Aktiviti fizikal
Physical
activity

Iklim
Weather

11.

Jawab soalan-soalan di bawah berdasarkan rajah berikut.

Answer all the questions below based on the following diagram.
Nilai kalori karbohidrat, protein dan lemak (per gram)
Calorific value of carbohydrate, protein and fat (per gram)
Nilai kalori / Calorific value
Per gram / Per gram
Lemak / Fat
37.8 J
Karbohidrat / Carbohydrate
16.8 J
Protein / Protein
16.8 J
Maklumat nutrisi pada label sebotol mentega kacang
Nutritional information in the label of a peanut butter bottle
Nilai kalori / Calorific value
Satu hidangan / Per serving
Lemak / Fat
16 g
Karbohidrat / Carbohydrate
7g
Protein / Protein
8g

(i)

Berdasarkan nilai kalori 1 gram untuk kelas makanan yang berikut, hitung nilai
kalori untuk setiap kelas makanan dalam mentega kacang bagi satu hidangan.
Based on the calorific value of 1 gram for each of these classes of food,
calculate
the calorific value of each class of food in peanut butter for one
serving.
Tenaga dalam (a) Lemak
: 16 g ________ = ________
Energy in
Fat
(b) Karbohidrat
: 7 g ________ =________
Carbohydrate
(c) Protein
: 8 g ________ =________
Protein

(ii)

Hitungkan jumlah tenaga satu hidangan.

Calculate the total energy in one serving.
Jumlah tenaga dalam satu hidangan

= Tenaga dalam karbohidrat + Tenaga

dalam lemak + tenaga dalam protein
= ________ + ________ + ________
= ________

Total energy in one serving

= Energy in carbohydrate + Energy in

fat + Energy in protein
= ________ + ________ + ________
= ________

12. Berdasarkan nilai kalori 1 gram untuk kelas makanan yang berikut, hitung nilai kalori
untuk setiap kelas makanan dalam mentega kacang bagi satu hidangan.
Based on the calorific value of 1 gram for each of these classes of food, calculate the
calorific value of each class of food in peanut butter for one serving.
Nilai kalori karbohidrat, protein dan lemak (per gram)
Calorific value of carbohydrate, protein and fat (per gram)
Nilai kalori / Calorific value
Per gram / Per gram
Lemak / Fats
37.8 J
Karbohidrat / Carbohydrate
16.8 J
Protein / Protein
16.8 J
Maklumat nutrisi pada label sebotol mentega kacang
Nutritional information in the label of a peanut butter bottle
Nilai kalori / Calorific value
Satu hidangan / Per serving
Lemak / Fats
16 g
Karbohidrat / Carbohydrate
7g
Protein / Protein
8g
Tenaga dalam

(a) Lemak

: ___________________________________

Energy in

Fat

___________________________________

(b) Karbohidrat
Carbohydrate

: ___________________________________
___________________________________

(c) Protein

: ___________________________________

Protein

___________________________________

Jumlah tenaga satu hidangan : _________________________________________

Total energy in one serving

_________________________________________

13.

Kaji rajah di bawah dan jawab soalan berikut.

Study the diagram below and answer the following question.

(a)

Garis organ pencernaan yang sesuai bagi setiap nombor berikut.

Underline the suitable digestive organ for each following numbers.
1

(Kelenjar air liur / Esofagus)

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

(b)

(Salivary glands / Oesophagus)

(Hati / Perut)
(Liver / Stomach)
(Pankreas / Esofagus)
(Pancreas / Oesophagus)
(Usus besar / Usus kecil)
(Large intestine / Small intestine)
(Usus besar / Dubur)
(Large intestine / Anus)
(Usus besar / Usus kecil)
(Large intestine / Small intestine)
(Pundi hempedu / Duktus hempedu)
(Gall bladder / Bile duct)
(Hati / Duodenum)
(Liver / Duodenum)
(Mulut / Kelenjar air liur)
(Mouth / Salivary glands)

Garis organ pencernaan yang sesuai bagi setiap fungsi organ pencernaan berikut.
Underline the suitable digestive organ for each function of digestive organ.
1.

Makanan dikerat menjadi serpihan kecil

Food is cut into small pieces

(Mulut / Perut)
(Mouth / Stomach)

2.

Menyalurkan makanan ke perut

Channels food to the stomach

(Pankreas / Esofogus)
(Pancreas / Oesophagus)

3.

Pencernaan protein bermula

Digestion of protein begins

(Usus kecil / Perut)

(Small intestine / Stomach)

4.

Pencernaan lemak, protein dan kanji

Digestion of fat, protein and starch

Usus kecil / Hati)

(Small intestine / Liver)

5.

Menghasilkan jus pankreas

Secretes pancreatic juice

(Hati / Pankreas)
(Liver / Pancreas)

6.

Menghasilkan hempedu untuk

membaurkan lemak
Secretes bile to emulsify fat

(Hati / Rektum)

7.

Menyingkirkan najis dari badan

Removes faeces from the body

(Dubur / Rektum)
(Anus / Rectum)

8.

Menyimpan najis
Stores faeces

(Esofagus / Rektum)
(Oesophagus / Rectum)

9.

(Liver / Rectum)

Menyerap semula air dan pembentukan najis

(Usus kecil / Usus besar)
Reabsorbs water and formation of faeces
(Small intestine / Large
intestine)

14.

Padankan nombor yang dilabel pada rajah berikut dengan organ pencernaan.
Match the following numbers with its digestive organ.

(a)

(b)

Pilih istilah yang sesuai dan isi ruang kosong berdasarkan kepada fungsi organ yang
diberi.
Choose the correct term and fill in the blanks based on the organ's function given.

1.

Makanan dikerat menjadi serpihan kecil

Food is cut into small pieces

2.

Menyalurkan makanan ke perut

Channels food to the stomach

3.

Pencernaan protein bermula

Digestion of protein begins

15.

4.

Pencernaan lemak, protein dan kanji

Digestion of fat, protein and starch

5.

Menghasilkan jus pankreas

Secretes pancreatic juice

6.

Menghasilkan hempedu untuk membaurkan

lemak
Secretes bile to emulsify fat

7.

Menyingkirkan najis dari badan

Removes faeces from the body

8.

Menyimpan najis
Stores faeces

9.

Menyerap semula air dan pembentukan najis

Reabsorbs water and formation of faeces

(a)

Labelkan organ pencernaan dalam rajah berikut.

Label the digestive organ in the diagram below.

(b)

Nyatakan fungsi bagi setiap organ pencernaan berikut.

State the function of each digestive organ below.
Mulut
Mouth
Esofagus
Oesophagus

Perut
Stomach
Usus kecil
Small intestine
Pankreas
Pancreas
Hati
Liver
Usus besar
Large intestine
Rektum
Rectum
Dubur
Anus
16.

(i)

Gariskan istilah yang betul berdasarkan penerangan yang diberikan.

Underline the correct terms based on the description given.
(a) Makanan ditolak di sepanjang salur pencernaan.
Food is pushed along the alimentary canal.
(Peristalsis / Penyerapan)
(Peristalsis / Absorption)
(b) Pemecahan makanan yang besar kepada cebisan kecil oleh gigi.
Big pieces of food are broken down into smaller pieces by teeth.
(Pencernaan kimia / Pencernaan fizikal)
(Chemical digestion / Physical digestion)
(c) Pemecahan molekul kompleks makanan kepada molekul kecil dengan
bantuan enzim.
Enzymes break up complex food molecules into smaller molecules.
(Pencernaan kimia / Pencernaan fizikal)
(Chemical digestion / Physical digestion)

(ii)

Nyatakan urutan yang betul bagi pergerakan makanan dalam sistem pencernaan
manusia.
State the correct sequence of food movement in the human digestive system.
Perut
Stomach
Rektum
Rectum
Mulut
Mouth

Usus besar
Large intestine
Esofagus
Oesophagus
Usus kecil
Small intestine

(iii) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah. Gariskan jawapan yang betul.

Complete the table below. Underline the correct answer.

Organ
organ

Jenis
rembesan
Types of
secretion

Kandungan
rembesan
Content of
secretion

Mulut
Mouth

(Air liur / Jus

usus)

(Maltase /
Amilase)

(Saliva /
Intestinal

(Maltase /
Amylase)

Fungsi
Function
Mencernakan (kanji / protein)
Digest (starch / protein)

juice)
Jus (pankreas /
gastrik)

Perut

(Pancreatic /
Gastric)
juices

Stomach

Asid hidroklorik
Hydrochoric acid

Membekalkan medium (berasid /

beralkali) untuk kegiatan enzim
Provide (acidic / alkali) medium
for enzymatic activity

Enzim protease
Protease

Mencernakan (protein / kanji)

Digest (protein / starch)

(Lipase / Renin)

Menggumpalkan susu

(Lipase / Rennin)

Coagulates milk
Memecahkan (lemak /susu)

Jus hempedu

Emulsifies (fat / milk)

Duodenum

Bile

Duodenum

Amilase

Mencernakan (protein / kanji)

Jus pankreas

Amylase

Digest (protein / starch)

Pancreatic
juice

(Amilase /
Protease)

Mencernakan protein
Digest protein

(Amylase /
Protease)

Usus kecil

Jus usus

Small
intestine

Intestinal
juice

Lipase

Mencernakan (kanji / lemak)

Lipase

Digest (starch / fat)

(Amilase /
Maltase)

Mencernakan maltosa
Digest maltose

(Amylase /
Maltase)
Protease

Mencernakan (protein / lemak)

Protease

Digest (protein / fat)

Lipase

Mencernakan (lemak / kanji)

Lipase

Digest (fat / starch)

(iv) Gariskan hasil akhir yang betul bagi setiap kelas makanan berikut.
Underline the final product of digestion for each class of food below.

17.

a. Jelaskan dua jenis proses pencernaan berikut.

Describe two types of digestion.
i. Pencernaan fizikal:
____________ makanan yang besar kepada cebisan ____________ oleh gigi.
Physical digestion:
Big pieces of food are ____________ into ____________ pieces by teeth.
ii. Pencernaan kimia:
Pemecahan molekul-molekul ____________ makanan kepada molekul-molekul
kecil dengan bantuan ____________.
Chemical digestion:
____________ break up ____________ food molecules into smaller molecules.

b. Lengkapkan urutan pergerakan makanan dalam sistem pencernaan manusia

Complete the sequence of food movement in the human digestive system.

c. Makanan ditolak di sepanjang salur pencernaan melalui proses _______________.

Food is pushed along the alimentary canal through the process of _____________.
d. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Complete the table below.
Organ
organ

Jenis
rembesan
Types of
secretion

Mulut
Mouth

________
________

Perut
Stomach

Jus gastrik
Gastric
juices

Kandungan
rembesan
Content of
secretion
Enzim
________
Enzyme
________
Asid ________
Acid ________

Enzim
__________
__________
Enzim
_____________
_____________
Duodenum
Duodenum

Usus kecil

Hempedu
Bile

Fungsi
Function

Mencernakan ________
Digest ________

Membekalkan
medium
________ untuk kegiatan enzim
Provide ________ medium for
enzymatic activity
Mencernakan ________
Digest ________
Menggumpalkan susu
Coagulates milk
Memecahkan ________
Emulsifies________

Jus pankreas
Pancreatic
juice

Amilase
Amylase
Protease
Protease
_____________
_____________

Mencernakan ________
Digest ________
Mencernakan ________
Digest ________
Mencernakan lemak
Digest fat

Jus usus

_____________

Mencernakan maltosa

Small
intestine

Intestinal
juice

_____________
Protease
Protease
Lipase
Lipase

e. Lengkapkan rajah di bawah.

Complete the diagram below.

18.

Jawab soalan berikut.

Answer the following question.

Digest maltose
Mencernakan ________
Digest ________
Mencernakan ________
Digest ________

a. Jelaskan dua jenis proses pencernaan di bawah.

Describe two types of digestion below.
i. Pencernaan fizikal:
____________ makanan yang besar kepada cebisan ____________ oleh gigi.
Physical digestion:
Big pieces of food are ____________ into ____________ pieces by teeth.
b. Lengkapkan urutan pergerakan makanan dalam sistem pencernaan manusia.
Complete the sequence of food movement in the human digestive system.

c. Makanan ditolak di sepanjang salur pencernaan melalui proses _____________

Food is pushed along the alimentary canal through the process of _____________
d. Lengkapkan rajah di bawah
Complete the diagram below.

e. Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Complete the table below.

Kandungan

Organ

Jenis
rembesan

rembesan

Fungsi

Organ

Types of

Content of

Function

secretion

secretion

Mulut

________

Mouth

________

Enzim
________

Mencernakan ________
Digest ________

Enzyme
________
Perut

Jus gastrik

Asid ________

Stomach

Gastric
juices

Acid ________

Membekalkan
medium
________ untuk kegiatan enzim
Provide ________ medium for
enzymatic activity

Enzim
__________

Mencernakan ________
Digest ________

__________
Enzim
_____________
_____________
Duodenum

Hempedu

Duodenum

Bile

Menggumpalkan susu
Coagulates milk
Memecahkan ________
Emulsifies________

Jus _______

Amilase

Mencernakan ________

________
juice

Amylase

Digest ________

Protease

Mencernakan ________

Protease

Digest ________

_____________

Mencernakan lemak

_____________

Digest fat

Usus kecil

Jus ______

_____________

Mencernakan maltosa

Small
intestine

________
juice

_____________

Digest maltose

Protease

Mencernakan ________

Protease

Digest ________

19.

(a)

Lipase

Mencernakan ________

Lipase

Digest ________

Jelaskan dua jenis proses pencernaan di bawah:

Describe two types of digestion below.
Pencernaan fizikal

i.

_____________________________________________________________

Physical digestion
_____________________________________________________________

Pencernaan kimia

ii.

_____________________________________________________________

Chemical digestion
_____________________________________________________________

Lengkapkan urutan pergerakan makanan dalam sistem pencernaan manusia

Complete the sequence of food movement in the human digestive system.
(b)

(c)

Makanan

ditolak

di

sepanjang

salur

pencernaan

melalui

proses

____________________________
Food is pushed along the alimentary canal through the process of
____________________________
(e) Lengkapkan jadual di bawah.
Complete the table below.
Organ
Organ

Jenis rembesan
Types of
secretion

Mulut
Mouth

Air liur
Saliva

Kandungan
rembesan
Content of
secretion

Fungsi
Function

Perut

Jus gastrik

Stomach

Gastric juices

Hempedu
Bile
Duodenum
Duodenum

Jus pankreas
Pancreatic juice

Usus kecil

Jus usus

Small intestine

Intestinal juice

(e) Lengkapkan rajah di bawah.

Complete the diagram below.

20.

Gariskan istilah yang betul berdasarkan penerangan yang diberikan.

Underline the correct term based on the description given.
a.

Makanan yang tidak tercerna akan membentuk bahan ini.

Food that is not digested will form this substance.
(Tinja / Enzim)
(Faeces / Enzymes)

b.

Proses yang berlaku semasa hasil akhir pencernaan dibawa masuk ke dalam
sistem peredaran darah melalui dinding usus kecil.
The process where the end products of digestion enter the bloodstream through
the small intestinal walls.
(Penyerapan hasil pencernaan / Penyahtinjaan)
(Absorption of digested food / Defaecation)

21.

c.

Struktur ini menambahkan luas permukaan untuk penyerapan makanan

tercerna dalam usus kecil.
This structure increases the surface area for the absorption of digested food in
the small intestine.
(Rektum / Vilus)
(Rectum / Villus)

a.

Jelaskan proses penyerapan hasil pencernaan dalam usus kecil.

Explain the process of absorption of the the products of digested food in the
small intestine.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

b.

Apakah vilus?
What is villus?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

22.

Berdasarkan rajah di bawah, jawab soalan yang diberi.

Based on the diagram below, answer the given questions.

(a) Struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah ialah ________________________.

The structure shown in the diagram is a ________________________.

(b) Struktur ini didapati di dalam ________________________.

This structure can be found in the ________________________.
(c) Struktur ini menambahkan ________________________ untuk penyerapan
makanan tercerna dalam usus kecil.
This structure increases the ________________________ for the absorption of
digested food in the small intestine.
(d) Struktur ini mempunyai dinding yang setebal ________________________. Ini
membolehkan makanan tercerna diserap dengan mudah.
This structure has a ________________________ thick wall. This enables the
digested food to be absorbed easily.
23.

Berdasarkan gambar rajah di bawah, jawab soalan yang diberi.

Based on the diagram below, answer the given questions.

Struktur X / Structure X
a.

Apakah nama struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas?

What is the structure shown in the diagram above?
________________________________________________________________

b.

Nyatakan fungsi struktur X di atas.

State the function of structure X above.
________________________________________________________________

c.

Apakah ciri-ciri struktur X yang membolehkannya menyerap hasil pencernaan?

What are the characteristics of the villus that enables it to absorb digested
food?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

d.

Namakan organ yang mengandungi struktur X di atas.

Name the organ that contains the structure X above.

________________________________________________________________
24.

25.

Gariskan istilah yang betul berdasarkan penerangan yang diberikan.

Underline the correct term based on the description given.
a.

Proses di mana tinja dikeluarkan daripada badan.

The process where faeces are removed out of the body.
(Penyerapan / Penyahtinjaan)
(Absorption / Defaecation)

b.

Proses menolak tinja melalui dubur untuk disingkirkan.

The process of pushing the faeces through the anus to be expelled.
(Asimilasi / Peristalsis)
(Assimilation / Peristalsis)

c.

Keadaan yang dihadapi apabila kekurangan pelawas dalam gizi makanan.

A condition resulting from deficiency of roughage in the diet.
(Peristalsis / Sembelit)
(Peristalsis / Constipation)

d.

Air diserap semula di bahagian ini.

Water is reabsorbed here.
(Usus kecil / Usus besar)
(Small intestine / Large intestine)

Lengkapkan soalan di bawah berdasarkan gambar rajah yang diberi.

Complete the questions below based on the diagram given.

(i) Nyatakan fungsi bagi struktur yang berlabel.

State the function of the structure labelled.
A _________________________________________ air.
_________________________________________ of water.
B _________________________________________
_________________________________________
C _________________________________________ najis dari badan.
_________________________________________ faeces from the body.
(ii) Apakah bahan-bahan yang masuk ke dalam usus besar?
What are the substances that enter the large intestine?
Air dan ____________________________________.
Water and __________________________________.
(iii Apakah yang berlaku kepada makanan yang tidak tercerna selepas air diserap
)
oleh usus besar?

What happens to the undigested food after water is reabsorbed by the large
intestine?
Disingkirkan sebagai najis melalui proses _________________________.
Undigested
food
is
removed
through
the
process
of
______________________.
(iv) Apakah yang berlaku apabila kita kekurangan pelawas dalam gizi?

What will happen when we lack of fibre in our diet?

Kita akan mengalami _____________ iaitu kesukaran untuk menyingkirkan
_____________.
We may experience _____________ which is the difficulty to remove

_____________.
26.

Lengkapkan soalan di bawah berdasarkan gambar rajah diberi.

Complete the questions below based on the diagram given.

(i) Nyatakan fungsi bagi struktur yang berlabel

State the function of the structure labelled.
A ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
B ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
C ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
(ii) Apakah bahan-bahan yang masuk ke dalam usus besar?
What are the substances that enter the large intestine?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(iii Apakah yang berlaku kepada makanan yang tidak tercerna selepas air diserap
)

oleh usus besar?

What happens to the undigested food after water is reabsorbed by the large
intestine?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(iv) Apakah yang berlaku apabila kita kekurangan pelawas dalam gizi?

What will happen when we lack of fibre in our diet?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
27.

Tujuan / Aim:
Menguji ________________ , glukosa, protein dan ________________.
To test for ________________ , glucose, protein and _______________.
Bahan / Materials:
1% larutan kanji, 10% larutan glukosa, 1% larutan albumen, minyak masak, larutan
Benedict, larutan iodin, bahan uji Millon, etanol, air suling
1% starch solution, 10% glucose solution, 1% albumen solution, cooking oil,
Benedicts solution, iodine solution, Millons reagent, ethanol, distilled water.
Radas / Apparatus:
Penitis, tabung uji, bikar, tungku kaki tiga, kasa dawai, penunu Bunsen.
Dropper, test tube, beaker, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner
Prosedur / Procedure:
A. Ujian untuk kanji / Iodine test for starch
1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan glukosa ke dalam tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of glucose solutions into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis larutan iodin. Perhatikan perubahan warna.
Add 2 drops of iodine solution. Observe the colour change.
B. Ujian Benedict untuk glukosa / Benedicts test for glucose
1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan glukosa ke dalam tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of glucose solution into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 cm3 larutan Benedict.
Add 2 cm3 of Benedicts solution.
3. Panaskan campuran ke dalam rendaman air seperti dalam rajah di bawah.
Perhatikan sebarang perubahan warna campuran.
Heat the mixture in a water bath as shown in the figure below. Observe any
colour change in the mixture.

C. Ujian Millon untuk protein / Millons test for protein

1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan albumen ke dalam tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of albumen solution into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis bahan uji Millon ke dalam larutan albumen.
Add 2 drops of Millons reagent to the albumen solution.
3. Panaskan campuran dalam rendaman air. Perhatikan sebarang perubahan pada
campuran.
Heat the mixture in a water bath. Observe any changes in the mixture.
D. Ujian emulsi untuk lemak / Emulsion test for fat
1. Tambah 5 titis etanol ke dalam tabung uji.
Add 5 drops of ethanol into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis minyak masak ke dalam tabung uji yang sama. Goncang
campuran dalam tabung uji.
Add 2 drops of cooking oil into the same test tube. Shake the mixture in the test
tube.
3.

Tambah air suling ke dalam tabung uji yang sama sehingga separuh penuh dan
goncang larutan.
Add distilled water into the same test tube until it is half full and shake the
mixture thoroughly.

4. Biarkan campuran selama 2 minit. Perhatikan sebarang perubahan dalam

campuran.
Allow the mixture to stand for about 2 minutes. Observe any changes in the
mixture.

Pemerhatian / Observation:
Gariskan jawapan yang betul.
Underline the correct answer.

Ujian makanan / Food test

Pemerhatian / Observation

1. Ujian iodin bagi kanji

Iodine test for starch

Larutan kanji menjadi (biru tua/ merah bata)

The starch solution turns (dark blue / brick-red)

2. Ujian Benedict bagi glukosa

Benedicts test for glucose

Mendakan (biru tua / merah bata) terhasil

A (dark blue /brick-red) precipitate is produced

3. Ujian Millon bagi protein

Millons test for protein

Mendakan (merah bata / bersusu) terhasil

A (brick-red / milky) precipitate is produced

4. Ujian emulsi bagi lemak

Emulsion test for fat

Larutan (merah bata / bersusu) terbentuk.

A (brick-red / milky) emulsion is formed.

Analisis / Analysis:
1.

Namakan satu contoh bahan makanan lain yang boleh digunakan untuk
menggantikan larutan glukosa dan larutan albumin dalam aktiviti ini.
Name one other food substance which can be used to replace glucose solution
and albumen solution in the activity.
(a) Larutan glukosa / Glucose solution: ________________________
(b) Larutan albumin / Albumen solution: ________________________

2.

Ramalkan pemerhatian jika beberapa titik larutan iodine dititiskan ke atas

sepotong ubi kentang.
Predict the observation if a few drops of iodine solution are dropped onto a
piece of potato.
Warna ________________ akan terhasil.
A ________________ colour will produced.

3.

Berikan inferens bagi jawapan anda di (2).

Give an inference for your answer in (2).
Ubi kentang mengandungi ________________.
Potato contains ________________________.

Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
Ujian makanan untuk kanji, glukosa, protein dan lemak dijalankan dengan
menggunakan ________________ tertentu.
The food test for starch, glucose, protein and fat are carried out using
_______________________.

28.

Tujuan / Aim:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Bahan / Materials:
1% larutan kanji, 10% larutan glukosa, 1% larutan albumen, minyak masak, larutan
Benedict, larutan iodin, bahan uji Millon, etanol, air suling
1% starch solution, 10% glucose solution, 1% albumen solution, cooking oil,
Benedicts solution, iodine solution, Millons reagent, ethanol, distilled water.
Radas / Apparatus:
Penitis, tabung uji, bikar, tungku kaki tiga, kasa dawai, penunu Bunsen.
Dropper, test tube, beaker, tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner
Prosedur / Procedure:
A. Ujian untuk kanji / Iodine test for starch
1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan glukosa ke dalam tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of glucose solutions into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis larutan iodin. Perhatikan perubahan warna.
Add 2 drops of iodine solution. Observe the colour change.
B. Ujian Benedict untuk glukosa / Benedicts test for glucose
1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan glukosa ke dalam tabung uji.
Pour 2 cm3 of glucose solution into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 cm3 larutan Benedict.
Add 2 cm3 of Benedicts solution.
3. Panaskan campuran ke dalam rendaman air seperti dalam rajah di bawah.
Perhatikan sebarang perubahan warna campuran.
Heat the mixture in a water bath as shown in the figure below. Observe any
colour change in the mixture.

C. Ujian Millon untuk protein / Millons test for protein

1. Tuang 2 cm3 larutan albumen ke dalam tabung uji.

Pour 2 cm3 of albumen solution into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis bahan uji Millon ke dalam larutan albumen.
Add 2 drops of Millons reagent to the albumen solution.
3. Panaskan campuran dalam rendaman air. Perhatikan sebarang perubahan pada
campuran.
Heat the mixture in a water bath. Observe any changes in the mixture.
D. Ujian emulsi untuk lemak / Emulsion test for fat
1. Tambah 5 titis etanol ke dalam tabung uji.
Add 5 drops of ethanol into a test tube.
2. Tambah 2 titis minyak masak ke dalam tabung uji yang sama. Goncang
campuran dalam tabung uji.
Add 2 drops of cooking oil into the same test tube. Shake the mixture in the test
tube.
3. Tambah air suling ke dalam tabung uji yang sama sehingga separuh penuh dan
goncang larutan.
Add distilled water into the same test tube until it is half full and shake the
mixture thoroughly.
4. Biarkan campuran selama 2 minit. Perhatikan sebarang perubahan dalam
campuran.
Allow the mixture to stand for about 2 minutes. Observe any changes in the
mixture.

Pemerhatian / Observation:
Ujian makanan / Food test
1. Ujian iodin bagi kanji
Iodine test for starch

Pemerhatian / Observation
Larutan kanji menjadi ______________
The starch solution turns ______________

2. Ujian Benedict bagi glukosa

Benedicts test for glucose
3. Ujian Millon bagi protein
Millons test for protein
4. Ujian emulsi bagi lemak
Emulsion test for fat

Mendakan ______________ terhasil

A ______________ is produced
Mendakan ______________ terhasil
A ______________ is produced
Emulsi ______________ terbentuk.
A ______________ emulsion is formed.

Analisis / Analysis:
1.

Namakan satu contoh bahan makanan lain yang boleh digunakan untuk
menggantikan larutan glukosa dan larutan albumin dalam aktiviti ini.
Name one other food substance which can be used to replace glucose solution and
albumen solution in the activity.
(a) Larutan glukosa / Glucose solution: ________________________
(b) Larutan albumin / Albumen solution: ________________________

2.

Ramalkan pemerhatian jika beberapa titik larutan iodin dititiskan ke atas sepotong
ubi kentang.
Predict the observation if a few drops of iodine solution are dropped onto a piece of
potato.
____________________________________________________________________

3.

Berikan inferens bagi jawapan anda di (2).

Give an inference for your answer in (2).
____________________________________________________________________

Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
29.

Tujuan / Aim :
Menunjukkan proses __________ glukosa dalam __________
To show the __________ of glucose in __________
Pernyataan masalah / Problem statement:
Bagaimanakah proses penyerapan glukosa berlaku dalam usus kecil?
How does absorption of glucose take place in the small intestine?
Hipotesis / Hypothesis:
Glukosa meresap ke dalam __________ melalui __________
Glucose diffuses into the__________ through the __________
Pemboleh ubah / Variables:

(a) yang dimalarkan

that is kept constant

: __________________________________________
: __________________________________________

(b) yang dimanipulasi

: __________________________________________

that is manipulated

: __________________________________________

(c) yang bergerak balas

that responds

: __________________________________________
: __________________________________________

Bahan / Material:
Larutan kanji 1%, larutan glukosa, tiub Visking, air suling, larutan iodin, larutan
Benedict, benang kapas
1% starch solution, glucose solution, Visking tube, distilled water, iodine solution,
Benedict's solution, cotton thread
Prosedur / Procedure:

1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

8.

Lembutkan tiub Visking dengan merendamnya di dalam air suling.

Soften the Visking tube by soaking it in distiled water.
Ikat satu hujung tiub Visking dengan ketat dengan menggunakan benang kapas.
Tie one end of the Visking tube tightly with cotton thread.
Isi 6 cm3 larutan glukosa dan 6 cm3 larutan kanji ke dalam tiub Visking dengan
menggunakan corong turas.
Using a filter funnel, fill the Visking tube with 6 cm 3 of glucose solution and 6 cm3
of starch solution.
Ikat hujung terbuka tiub Visking dengan ketat menggunakan benang kapas.
Tie the open end of the Visking tube tightly with cotton thread.
Bilas bahagian luar tiub Visking dengan aliran air.
Rinsed the outside of the Visking tube thoroughly with running water.
Masukkan tiub Visking ke dalam bikar yang mengandungi air suling.
Placed the Visking tube into the beaker of distilled water.
Dengan serta merta ambil sedikit air suling di dalam bikar dan buat ujian untuk
kehadiran kanji serta glukosa pada awal eksperimen. Rekodkan pemerhatian.
Immediately takes some of the distilled water in the beaker and test for the
present of starch and glucose. Record your observation.
Biarkan radas selama 15 minit dan ulang langkah 7.
After 15 minutes, take another sample of distilled water in the beaker and repeat
the test for starch and glucose.

Langkah-langkah / Steps:
1.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

3.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

4.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

5.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

6.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

7.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

8.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
Pemerhatian / Observation:
Kehadiran jenis
makanan dalam air
suling
Type of food in distilled
water
Kanji
Starch
Glukosa
Glucose

Awal eksperimen
Beginning of experiment

Akhir eksperimen
End of experiment

Analisis / Analysis:
1.

Apakah organ yang diwakili oleh tiub Visking dalam sistem pencernaan
manusia?
Which organ does the Visking tube represent in the human digestive system?
___________________________

2.

Apakah yang diwakili oleh air suling dalam badan manusia?

What does the distilled water represent in the human body?
___________________________

3.

Bolehkah molekul glukosa bergerak menerusi dinding tiub Visking? Berikan

alasan anda.
Can glucose molecules move through the Visking tube? Give your reason.
__________ kerana molekul glukosa __________ dan boleh __________
menerusi tiub Visking.
__________ because glucose molecules are __________ and can __________
through the walls of the Visking tube.

4.

Bolehkah molekul kanji bergerak menerusi dinding tiub Visking? Berikan alasan

anda.
Can starch molecules move through the Visking tube? Give your reason.
__________ kerana molekul kanji __________ dan __________ meresap
menerusi tiub Visking.
__________ because starch molecules are __________ and __________
diffuse through the walls of the Visking tube.
5.

Apakah yang berlaku kepada glukosa dalam usus kecil?

What happens to glucose in the small intestine?
Molekul glukosa __________
melalui dinding usus kecil ke dalam
__________.
Glucose molecules __________ through the walls of the small intestine into the
__________.

Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
Molekul glukosa __________ melalui ______________ ke dalam __________.
Glucose molecules __________ through the __________ into the __________.
30.

Tujuan / Aim :
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Pernyataan masalah / Problem statement:
Bagaimanakah proses penyerapan glukosa berlaku dalam usus kecil?
How does absorption of glucose take place in the small intestine?
Hipotesis / Hypothesis:
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Pemboleh ubah / Variables:
(a) yang dimalarkan
: __________________________________________
that is kept constant

: __________________________________________

(b) yang dimanipulasi

: __________________________________________

that is manipulated

: __________________________________________

(c) yang bergerak balas

that responds

: __________________________________________
: __________________________________________

Bahan / Material:
Larutan kanji 1%, larutan glukosa, tiub Visking, air suling, larutan iodin, larutan
Benedict, benang kapas
1% starch solution, glucose solution, Visking tube, distilled water, iodine solution,
Benedict's solution, cotton thread
Prosedur / Procedure:

1. Lembutkan tiub Visking dengan merendamnya di dalam air suling.

Soften the Visking tube by soaking it in distiled water.
2. Ikat satu hujung tiub Visking dengan ketat dengan menggunakan benang kapas.
Tie one end of the Visking tube tightly with cotton thread.
3. Isi 6 cm3 larutan glukosa dan 6 cm3 larutan kanji ke dalam tiub Visking dengan
menggunakan corong turas.
Using a filter funnel, fill the Visking tube with 6 cm 3 of glucose solution and 6 cm3
of starch solution.
4. Ikat hujung terbuka tiub Visking menggunakan benang kapas dengan ketat.
Tie the open end of the Visking tube tightly with cotton thread.
5. Bilas bahagian luar tiub Visking dengan aliran air.
Rinsed the outside of the Visking tube thoroughly with running water.
6. Masukkan tiub Visking ke dalam bikar yang mengandungi air suling.
Placed the Visking tube into the beaker of distilled water.
7. Dengan serta merta ambil sedikit air suling dalam bikar dan buat ujian untuk
kehadiran kanji serta glukosa. Rekodkan pemerhatian.
Immediately takes some of the distilled water in the beaker and test for the
present of starch and glucose. Record your observation.
8. Biarkan radas selama 15 minit dan ulang langkah 7.
After 15 minutes take another sample of distilled water in the beaker and repeat
the test for starch and glucose.
Langkah-langkah / Steps:
1. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Pemerhatian / Observation:
Kehadiran jenis makanan
dalam air suling
Type of food in distilled
water
Kanji
Starch
Glukosa
Glucose

Awal eksperimen
Beginning of
experiment

Akhir eksperimen
End of experiment

Analisis / Analysis:
1.

Apakah organ yang diwakili oleh tiub Visking dalam sistem pencernaan
manusia?
Which organ does the Visking tube represent in the human digestive system?
_____________________________________________________________
_

2.

Apakah yang diwakili oleh air suling dalam badan manusia?

What does the distilled water represent in the human body?
_____________________________________________________________
_

3.

Bolehkah molekul glukosa bergerak menerusi dinding tiub Visking? Berikan

alasan anda.
Can glucose molecules move through the Visking tube? Give your reason.
_____________________________________________________________
_

4.

Bolehkah molekul kanji bergerak menerusi dinding tiub Visking? Berikan

alasan anda.
Can starch molecules move through the Visking tube? Give your reason.
_____________________________________________________________
_

5.

Apakah yang berlaku kepada glukosa dalam usus kecil?

What happens to glucose in the small intestine?
_____________________________________________________________
_

Kesimpulan / Conclusion:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

31.

Tulis sebuah esei yang panjangnya tidak kurang daripada 250 patah perkataan
dengan tema 'Makanan dan amalan pemakanan'. Esei anda hendaklah merangkumi
isi-isi berikut:
Write an essay not less than 250 words with the theme of Diet and healthy eating
habits
Your essay should include the following points:

Kepentingan makan makanan berkhasiat

The importance of eating nutritious food
Mempraktikkan amalan pemakanan yang betul
The right practice of eating habits
Merancang satu gizi seimbang
Planning a balanced diet
Menyatakan kewajaran pengagihan makanan kepada yang kurang bernasib
baik / memerlukan
Justifying the distribution of food to the unfortunate group
Mengaitkan adab makan dengan sensitiviti dan kepercayaan agama
Relating the eating habit with sensitivity and religious belief
Bentangkan isi-isi penting esei anda kepada kelas dalam satu ucapan selama
10 minit
Present the main points of your essay to the class in a 10 minutes speech