E:

:
,
,

 :
, ,

Copyright E
9 &, 10552
www.ekke.gr
2012 NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH
9 Kratinou & Athinas, 1052 Athens Greece
ISBN 978-960-6834-13-4

 :
, ,

E:

2012

11

:
,

17

37

61

85

:
, ,

97

127

Kings College London.



, ,
.


1.5/09,

.

http://69.72.202.134/~reacgr/sem/.

,
,
,
. , ,
, ,

,
.
e-book
, ,
,
. ,

.

 : , ,

:
1

Hegel was right when he said that we learn from history that man can never learn
anything from history.
George Bernard Shaw
.
.
,
, , , ,
, ,
21 . ,
.
,
. .
()
,


.
.
1980 (
) .
,
.
1

2011 1.5/09
.

11

1990, ( ) .
,
. ,
, ,
. , 2002,
( )
.

.



. , ,

, .
:
,
, ,
,
,
.


.
.
, ,

.
.
( ..)
.
12

 : , ,

/ ,
. ,
( ) ,
. ,
,
, ,
, trafficking .. ,
.

.

.
, ,


. ,
(trafficking) .
21 ,
.
,

. :
, ()
.
, .
, ( ..) ,
.

.

13

,
(
).
,
.
,

.
, (
)

.
:
,

.
,
,
.
, .
( )
.
,
. ,
,

,
. ,
.
,
,
14

 : , ,

. ,

( ,
), .
,

.
( )



. , ,

:
,
.
,

.
, ,
/ / /
.
, , ()

( ,
).
, ,
.
- ,
, (
) .
15

, ,
..,
. , ,
-


.

16

 : , ,

:
,
.
, ,
.
, 214

.2 ..,
2010 501 ,
32,4 (6,5% ) 20,1
.. (4% ).3
, (9/2011),
621.178,
450.000 2011.4


.5
,
,6 ..
2

United Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR), Migration and Human Rights, Report by OHCHR
22/7/2011.
3
European Migration Network, Overview of Key EU Migratory Statistics, http://emn.intrasoftintl.com/html/news/recentEuDev.html
4
,
621.178 2011, 478.11 ,
143.012 . 162.587
, 4.312
8.500 . 800.000 . . .
, , Free Sunday 2/10/2011.
5
B. European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals, European Commission,
COM (2011) 455 final, 20/7/2011.
6
, .. ,
65 17% 2010 30% 2060
80 5% 12% . , 2010 3,5
(20-64) 65 , 2060

17

.7
..
,
, .8
,

,
.9
..
,
, ,

,
,
(mainstreaming)
,
.10 , , ,
1,7 1 . , 2009 ..
857.000 , 63% . . European Migration
Network, Overview of Key EU Migratory Statistics.
7

(the 3 Ds: jobs dirty, dangerous and degrading).
8
..,
.

,
, .

.., 2056/23.3.2006
9
B. European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals, European Commission, COM
(2011) 455 final, 20/7/2011
10

2004 (Council Document 16054/04),
(Council Document 14615/04),
, 2 , 2007,
2020 ( , 25/26 2010, EUCO 7/10, CO EUR 4,
CONCL 1), -
, C 115 2010, (OJ 2010/C 115/01),
(http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi)

18

 : , ,

, ,
.

11

, :

,

,
,
,
,

,
,
,


,

,

,

(http://ec.europa.eu/ewsi/en/policy/legal.cfm),
(Eurostat 2011), (QL 5969, 5/2011)
(COM 2011/455,
20/7/2011).
11
B. European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals, European Commission, COM
(2011) 455 final, 20/7/2011.

19

,


,



,


,
.
, , ,
, ,12
, , ,

, ,
.13 ,

, ,

.
,
,
,
, , ,
12

. (Council Document
14615/04).
13
European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals, European Commission, COM (2011)
455 final, 20/7/2011.

20

 : , ,

, ,
.14 ,
.
, ,
.


..
, ,
. 15
,
, , ,
,
.
:
(16%)
.. (9%),
14

,
, ,
,
, .
,
, United
Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR), Report by OHCHR 22/7/2011. , .

: Copying with a Fundamental Rights emergency: the situation of
persons crossing the Greek land border in an irregular manner, 2011, Migrants in an irregular situation
employed in domestic work: Fundamental rights challenges for the European Union and its Member States,
2011 Migrants in an irregular situation: access to healthcare in 10 European Union Member States,
2011, European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, http://fra.europa.eu/
- :
, EUR 25/016/2005.
15
. Eurostat, 2011, Methodologies and Working Papers, Indicators of Immigrant Integration, A Pilot
Study, Eurostat, European Commission. ,
, , ,
- , ,
, ,
,
.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_product_code=KS-SF-11030

21

25-54 (14%
),

.., ,
(19%) ,

.. (
20-64 , ..
21%, 33%
66%),
(..
2554 11 ),16

( .. 12%,
25% ),

.. (
, ,
25-54 75%
),

( ,
15% ..),
16

..
,
. ,
45%, 2009, 29% ,
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/employment_unemployment_lfs/data/database.

22

 : , ,

( ,
, ,
40 , 39 )
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
,
..17
,
,18
,
, ,

,
, , ,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
.
( )

17

(2004/2007/2010)
(Migrant Integration Policy Index-MIPEX), British Council
Migration Policy Group, http://www.mipex.eu
18
Qualitative Eurobarometer, 2011, Migrant Integration - Aggregate Report, spring, European
Commission.

23

, ,
, ,
,
, , ,
, ,
.

,19 2009
.
,
(46,6%) (13,5%) ,
.
(60,1%) ,
68,1% 2003 66,1%
2005. , (83%)
,
. (83% ,
54,5% 28,5%
) ( )
(48,4%),
2003 (82,7%),
2005 (79,8%).
,
. (83,8%)
(49,6%) (34,2%)
.
19

(): 4 2008/2009, 2 2004/2005, 1 2002/2003).

. European Social Survey Data, Rounds 1- 4, http://ess.nsd.uib.no . , .
, . (.), 2011, , , :
(2008-2009), , , .
, . , . (.), 2007, , , :
, , .

24

 : , ,

( 51,4%, 34,1%
17,3% ).
,

2003 (82,6%), 2005 (79,8%).20
, (51,7%)
.

, 26,2%.
2009
2003 (48,4%)
2005 (47,6%),
(24,3% 2003 29,1% 2005).
, (50,4%)
( ) ,
.
()
, 21%.
2009 ,

2003 (46,1%) 2005 (48,3%),
(16,8% 2003
22% 2005). ..
2009 3,5
5,5.
, ,
, 53,5%
.
20

(2003) (2005)
(2007).

25

,
24,9%. 2009
,

, 2003 (49,4%)
2005 (52,9%),
(24,1% 2003 27% 2005).
,

21 .
,22
,
.
,
,
,23
,

21

: ) , )
, )
.
. . .., 2007,
.
., ., .(.), 2007, , , :
, , , . 6398.,
22
. European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), 2005, Majorities
Attitudes Towards Minorities: Key Findings from the Eurobarometer and the European Social Survey,
Summary, March 2005, . .., 1995,
. , .
5, . 81-100.
23
. ., 2000,
, , .

26

 : , ,

, ,
.24
,
,

. ,
.

, ,
,
, .25
,26

. , ..
61% 2009, 62%
2008 64% 2006,
(71% 2009, 76% 2008 76% 2006). ,
,

.
(FRA)
,27
24

. ,

. . ., 2007, :
., ., . (.), 2007,
, , : , ,
, . 99-123.
25
. (Council Document
14615/04).
26
. Discrimination in the EU in 2009: (Special Eurobarometer 317, Fieldwork May-June 2009),
Discrimination in 2008: (Special Eurobarometer 296, Fieldwork February-March 2008), Discrimination in
the
EU
in
2006:
(Special
Eurobarometer
263,
Fieldwork
June-July
2006),
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/
27
. , European Union
Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS), Main Results Report, 2009, European Union Agency
for Fundamental Rights, http://fra.europa.eu/eu-midis

27

,
.
:


,

,

,

,


,


,


.28
,
,
28

,
, .
, ,
, 19/5/2011. ,
,
,
, . ,
http://www.nchr.gr

28

 : , ,

, , . ,

,
.29 ,
, 30
, , ,
, ,

/.
,
29

. 3304/2005 ,
, ,
43/2000
2000/78/

, ,
.
. 3304/2005, ,

. ,
.3838/2010

. , ,
N. 3304/2005
, : )
, )
,
. .
3304/2005 ( 19) ,
. ,

( , , ),
,

.


. . , 2010, 2011,
http://newsynigoros.gr & , 2009, 2011,
http://www.oke.gr/opinion/op_247.pdf.
30
, /
/ , ,
3.2.:
/ ...
, , 2011.

29

.
.
,
, , ,
/

.
,
/ :
.

, /

. ,
, ,
, ,




.
(
)
(..

30

 : , ,

,


.

, ,


.

( . 2910/2001),
.

/,

,



, ,

. ,
(..

31

, ..),



. ,
,
, ,
,

.

,

,
, ,
,
. ,
. , ,
/
,
, , ,

, , ,

.
, ,
,
. ,

,
32

 : , ,

,
.

33

., 2009, :

., ., . (.),
, . ,
. 101-122.
., 2008,

, 2008/17, , .
., 2007, ,
., ., . (.), , , :
, , , . 293314.
. .., 1995,
. ,
, . 5, . 81-100.
., 2000,
, , .
, 2011,
, , 19/5/2011.
http://www.nchr.gr
(), 2010,
2009, 2010 http://www.nchr.gr
Eurobarometer, 2009, Discrimination in the EU in 2009, Special Eurobarometer 317/
Wave 71.2.
European Agenda for the Integration of Third-Country Nationals, European Commission,
COM (2011) 455 final, 20/7/2011
European

Migration

Network,

Overview

of

Key

EU

http://emn.intrasoft-intl.com/html/news/recentEuDev.html

34

Migratory

Statistics,

 : , ,

European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC), 2005, Majorities

Attitudes towards Minorities: Key Findings from the Eurobarometer and the
European Social Survey, Summary, March 2005
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, European Union Minorities and
Discrimination

Survey

(EU-MIDIS),

Main

Results

Report,

2009,

http://fra.europa.eu/eu-midis
Eurostat, Methodologies and Working Papers, 2011, Indicators of Immigrant
Integration, A Pilot Study, Eurostat, European Commission.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/product_details/publication?p_pro
duct_code=KS-SF-11-030
., ., 2010, :
, ., . (.),
2010, .
., ., . (.), 2007, , , :
, ,
.
, 2011,
,
, , (
2009), http://www.oke.gr/opinion/op_247.pdf
., ., . (.), 2011,

, ,

: (20082009), , .
Qualitative Eurobarometer, Migrant Integration - Aggregate Report, spring 2011,
European Commission.
., 2012, ,
., . (.),
: , , , , .
., 2009,
, ., ., .

35

(), ,
, .61-84.
., 2008,
, , , 2008/18 , . 76.
, 2010,
2009 http:// synigoros.gr
, 2011,
, 2 ( 2009 - 2010),
.

36

 : , ,

. 3852/2010
. 78 ,
(),
.

.

,
. ..
1992,
2001 2009

.
,

, ,
78 . 3852/2010 , ,

.

..
1990.
,
,
37

..

.

, ,
,
,
, ..
.

.
1999, ,

..
,
..,
.
1 2004
, , .
1999

,
..
,
, ,
.

(, 2004: 253)

.
,
38

 : , ,

. ,
,
.


2000 (C 364/18.12.2000),
.
,
,
( 5), ( 18),
,


( 19), , ,
.. ( 21).
( 6 ),
. , .
..
,
2005-2010 ..
, .

. ,
2010,
,
,
/ EUROPOL EUROJUST.

39

31 (-, 2007: 201).
, 1/12/2009,
78 79 .
78 ,


.
1951 1967
. 343/2003,
2008,
. ,
79 , ,
, ,
,

.
,
, ,
2010-2014,
.
,

.

(, , )
.

,
31

168/2007 (L. 53/2007).

.

40

 : , ,

..
, , ,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,

. ,
UNHCR (
) ,

..
, ..
. , 1997,
. 1997-2004
. 2004 ..
, ,

.32
..

.
,
32

2009/50/

.

41

.
,
..,
, ,
. , ,

- . (, 2001 Bauman, 1999 ,
2005)

. , , .. ,
,


(, 2007: 50).

,
( 2007/435/) 2007 2013,

. 2

, , , ,

.

,

. ,
3 , : )
, )
, )
, ,
42

 : , ,

, )
,
, , ,
.
,


. ,
, ,

: ) , )
, )

(.. ).
, ,

(European Agenda for Integration) 20/7/2011
25-26 2010 (Europe 2020 Strategy)
.
, ..,

,
.

.

, , ,
.
C. Malmstrm
.

, ,
43

.
. ..
,



.
,
. 3386/2005 ( 212),
15 .

.
,
(, 2001: 42),

.
1990 .
1975/1991 . 358/1997 359/1997,

(, 2008: 28). . 2910/2001

,
, ,
. , , ,
( )
.
. 3386/2005

-- ,

44

 : , ,

..33

, , ,
,
,
(, 2008:,36). ,
,
,
34.
. 3536/2007, .
3386/2005,

. 2910/2001 . 3386/2005
.
. 3536/2007 ,
.

,
,
. ,

33

: () 1030/2002
(L. 157/2002),
' . 1 1 () 380/2008 ( L 115 29
2008), () 859/2003 (L.
124/2003), 2002/90/ ,
(L. 328/2002), 2003/86/
(L. 124/2003), 2003/109 /
(L. 16/2004), 2004/81 /

, (L.
261/2004). - (2007) . 202, . (2007) . 52.
34
. 3386/2005 3448/2006, 3536/2007,
3613/2007, 3649/2008, 3731/2008, 3772/2009, 3838/2010, 3846/2010, 3870/2010, 3875/2010, 3879/2010
3900/2010, 3907/2011,4018/2011,4055/2012.

45

,
.
. 3838/2010
,
. , 1 . 2
. 3838/2010
,

.
.
4018/2011 ( 215/30.9.2011)
.
2 . 1 ,

, ,
,
,
.
.
1975/1991, 2910/2001, 3386/2005,
3536/2007, 3838/2010 3386/2005
,

,
,
,
.


. ,
. 2000/43/
46

 : , ,

2000/78/
.35

, .. 131/2006

2003/86/

. ,
2003/109/
, .. 150/2006.

.. 106/2007

2004/38/

.

/
.
.

.

, 2010 10.273
, 3.453 3.348.

2010 55.000.

.

.

35

. 3304/2005.
.
. , . , .
(.), : , , , . 74 .

47

,
. , ,
, ,
,

.
, ,
,
(,
, 2007 , 2008).
, ,

, .


.

. 3386/2005 2003/109/,
,
. 23-1-2004, , 98
, 1-1-2006. ,
,
, ,
,
, - (,
2008: 170).

() 78
. 3852/2010 ( 87/7.6.2010)
.
48

 : , ,

,


.
,
.


. , . 3463/2006 ( 114/8.6.2006)
(214 )


, ,
. ,

.

.
, ,
.

. 3852/2010.
.


. ,
,
,
.
78 . 3852/2010,
5 11 , .
49

. ,
,
,
,
,
,

.
.

. .


, /
. ,
,

,

. , ,
,
.

. ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
. , ,

,
50

 : , ,

, ,
, .., ,
,36 .
.
,
.

.

. ,

, 1/3
, , ,
. , ,

. ,
.
,
1/3
. .


,

.
( 78)
36

. . ,
.

51

( 76)
( 77).
,
2001,
(ever closer to the citizen)
(multilevel governance). , ,

.


.

.

.

,
.
. 3838/2010
, ..,


(1992) .

. ,
,
,
, ,

,
.
52

 : , ,

.

.
. 15%
.37

, , , ,
, ,
.
,
.38
,

.39


.
.


.

.
, 1990,
37

, ,
, 325 23, ,
.
38

,
,
8 2011
.
39
,

. ,
.

53

. , ,
..40
, ,
Breda, ,

, .41
, ,
.

. 3.000
. 3852/2010.

.42
.
, ,

. 3,5
,
.

40

. .,

PROGRESS, . 3
. 41-86.
41
CLIP Network, 2008, Equality and diversity in jobs and services: cities policies for migrants in Europe.
European
Foundation
for
the
improvement
of
living
and
working
conditions,
www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/htmlfilies
42
. , .
,
,
.
, ,
, . ,
50% 95%
.

54

 : , ,

. 3852/2010 ,
.


20/07/2011.

.
C. Malmstrm
.
,
-
.
,
. .. ,
, ,
.

,
, ,
. ..
..
.

,
, , , ,
.

55

- , 2010.
., . (.), 2001,
, , . .
., . (.), 2008, , , .
., 2006, ,
- .
. (.), 2001, ,
, . .
.., 2003, . , ,
.
., 2000, , , .
(), (2010),
2009, 2010, www.nchr.gr
European Commission (2011), Qualitative Eurobarometer, Migrant Integration Aggregate Report, spring 2011.
, (2006),
,
, .
..., 2006, : .
., 2003,
, . (.),
, , Gutenberg.
., ., 2010, :
, ., . (.),
2010, .
Kasimis C., Papadopoulos A.G., 2005, The ultifunctional Role of Migrants in the
Greek Countryside: Implications for the Rural Economy and Society, Journal of
Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 31, Number 1, January 2005, . 99-129.
., - . (.), (2005),
, , /-.
56

 : , ,

. .., 2011,

, .
., ., ., . (.), 2005,
.
, , . .
., . (.), 2007,
, , . .
. (.), 2001, , , .
, -, . . .
., ., . (.), 2001, ,
, .
., 2008, ;, , . .
., ., 2006,
, , . Gutenberg.
., 2007,
, . , . (.)
, , . .
, 2011,
,
, , ( 2009).
www.oke.gr
., 2001, , ,
- , . . .
., 2002, , ,
4.
., 2007, .
, , . .
., 2007, :
, . . (),
, , . .
- ., 2007, , ,
.
- ., 2007, , ,
. .

57

., 2010, . 3838/2010

, ,
.-.2010,.12-17, . .
., . (.), 2004, ,
, , , , . .
., 2006, , , .., .
, . , . . (.),
, . , , , ,
, . -. .
., ., 2005, .
( -- ..), -,
. . .
., ., 2007,
, , .
- ., 2007, , , . .
., 2012, ,
., . (),
: , , , , . .
., 2009,
, ., ., .
(.), ,
. , . 61-84.
., 2008,
, 2008/18 , , , . 76.
., 2004,
, .
. (.), , , ,
.
, 2010,
2009 http:// synigoros.gr
., ., 2005, ,
, . 22, -, . . .
., 2004, ;, , . .
., 2005, .., :
.

58

 : , ,

., 2007, , , .
., 2010, , &
, , .

59

60

 : , ,

,

1980.
1985,
.
250.000 (Watts, 1998: 661).

. 5
10% .



.
. , ,
, ,
,
,
.


. ,
( )

,
(Agrela Romero and Araujo, 2005 Casey,
1998 Lopez Sala, 2005 Moren-Alegret and Solana, 2004 Moren-Alegret, 2005).
61

. ,
: , -

,

1980 , ,
,
.
,
. ,
. ,
, .
,

.
, .

, 1980
, .
, ,
,
(Ortega, 2003). , ,

(, ),
.


.
62

 : , ,

,
(Castles, 1998 Sassen, 1996 Schnapper, 1994), (
) .
(dual labour market theory) (Piore, 1979).
,
(
) ,
, .
,
(King et al., 1997).
, , 1980
1990
, . ,

,
. ,

,
,
(Calavita, 2005:
68). 2000,
( )
.
2006, 4,5
, 2010 5,6 ,
12% (Worden, 2010). Eurostat,
, , ,
(Eurostat,
2008). , ,
, , ,
, , . ,
63

,
. , ,

. , ,
. ,
,
( ),

(Moren-Alegret and Solana, 2004).

,
. 1980
1990,
.
1990,
. 1999
.


.
,
.
(
)
,
,
.

64

 : , ,

1985
.
, ( 250.000).
44.000
23.000 (Reyneri, 2001). ,

,

.
7/1985
.
107/1984
(Cornelius, 1994).

.
,
.
,
.
. ,

.
, .
,
.

7/1985.
,

1973 (Green et al., 2008). ,
( )
65

(Reyneri, 2001). ,
,
,
.
, .
, ,
,
, .
,
19

. ,

(Castles and Miller, 2009).
.

. ,
, ( )

.
1990
. (Izquierda Unida)

. ,
.
,
1991
100.000 (Apap et al., 2000).
,
,
.
66

 : , ,

, ,
(Guiradon and Jileva,
2006; Statham, 2003: 164; Crisp 2003: 83). ,

. , 1996

.

1993
. ,
,
, .
. ,
. 1994
,
. ,
,
,
. ,

. (Foro
para la Integracion Social de los Immigrantes)
(Observatorio Permanente de la Immigracion) (Duran Ruiz, 2003).
,

(FSII n.d).

,
,
.

67

,
.
, .
,
. 149/1978
.
,

.

,
. , ,
.
1999
.
7/1985 ,
. 4/2000
1985,
. ,

. ,

de facto .
,

. 2000


(Gortazar, 2002). ,
.
(Programa Global de Regulacion y
68

 : , ,

Coordinacion de la Immigration en Espana) 2000 2004 ,

,
, ,
1970.
, ,
2003

(Gortazar, 2002).

.
2004

.
,

.

. ,

.
. , 2006


. 2007
,
(Santolaya, 2007).



69

,
,

(Cornelius, 1994).
,

,
.

.


.
1985, 2000


.
.

.
, .
,
(Reyneri, 2001: 52).
,
(Apap et al., 2000).
(
)
. ,
.
,
,
70

 : , ,

. : , ,
. ,
,
. ,

,
. ,
, ,
.

1993.
.
,
(Apap et al., 2000). ,


.
,
,
.
2000 2004,
,
. ,
,
(.. 2001
, , , )
,
(Duran Ruiz, 2003). ,
, ,
.

71

,
.

. ,
.
,
(Roig Moles, 2007: 292).
,
. ,
, . ,

,
.
,
. ,

,
(Roig Moles, 2007).
20.000-40.000
.
2004 ,
.


. ,
,
, , ,
,
.
, 25
.
72

 : , ,

,
. ,
,
.

. ,
, ,
.

,

.
, , ,
.
(1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2001, 2005). ,
.
2004,
,
.

.
(1986, 1996, 2000, 2005).

(2001). ,
(1991).
,
. 2000,
,
. , 1986, 2000 2005
73

,
.
,
.
, 1986 23.000 ,
10% . 1989, 56%
. 1991, 26%
,
.
1996
. ,

1996 .

. 59%
34% (Reyneri,
2001).
,
. ,
2001 .

(Duran Ruiz, 2003).
.

,
(Watts, 1998 Cachon and Valles, 2003 Calavita, 2005). ,
,
. ,

(Ramos and Bazaga, 2002).

74

 : , ,

.

1994 2000
2006. , ,

. ,

,
.

( )
,
(Ortega, 2003).
, 2000 2006 de facto
.

,
.
, , ,
,

.


(Moreno Fuentes, 2004).
, 1990,
,
75

,
(Pajares, 2005).
, ,

. , 1994


(Gil Araujo, 2002).
2000,
(Ortega, 2003) ,
,

.

. 520. ,
10% .
,
(Parajes, 2005).
2006, (2
2007 -2010).
, .
, 2006

.
,
. 1993,

1994 ()

. (
) ,
76

 : , ,

(Soysal, 1994).
, (Castilla,
2007).
. 2000-2001 ,
.


.

,
(Duran Ruiz, 2003).
, ,
,
(Bruquetas-Callejo, 2007). ,

(Duran Ruiz, 2003).

.

. ,
, ,
. ,
(
)

. ,
,
(Martinez de Lizarrondo, 2006).
,

77

,
. , ,
. ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
(, 2006).

,
. ,
,

.

. ,
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
, 2006
.
,
, 25

. ,
78

 : , ,

. , , , ,
. ,
.
,
.
( )

.

79

A., 2006, :

, .

16, . 163-178.
Agrela Romero B., Gil Araujo S., 2005, Constructing otherness: the management of
migration and diversity in the Spanish context, Migration: A European Journal of
International Migration and Ethnic Relations 43/44/45 (Special issue on Spain), pp.
9-33.
Apap J., De Bruycker P., Schmitter C., 2000, Regularisations of Illegal Aliens in the
European Union: Summary Report of a Comparative Study, Brussels, Bruylant
Publishers
Bentolila S., Dolado J., 1991, Mismatch and internal migration in Spain 1962-1986, in
Padoa Schioppa F. (ed.), Mismatch and Labour Mobility, Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press.
Bruquetas-Callejo M., 2007, The mobilization of immigrants in Barcelona 2001 and the
founding of the local field of integration policy, in Matusz Protasiewicz and
Stadmuller (eds), Europa ziemia obiecana, Wroclaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu
Wroclawskiego
Cachon L., Valles M.S., 2003, Trade unionism and immigration: reinterpreting old and
new dilemmas, The European Review of Labour and Research, vol. 9, no 3, pp.
469-482.
Calavita K., 2005, Immigrants at the Margins. Law, Race, and Exclusion in Southern
Europe, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Casey J., 1998, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) as Policy Actors: The Case of
Immigration Policies in Spain, PhD dissertation. Barcelona: University Autonoma de
Barcelona, Department of Political Science and Public Law.
Castilla A., 2007, The Social Integration of Moroccan Muslims Within the Political
Discourses of Catalonia, PhD thesis, New York, Columbia University.
Castles S., 1998, Globalization and migration: Some pressing contradictions,
International Social Science Journal, vol. 50, no 2, pp. 179 186.

80

 : , ,

Castles S., Miller M., 2009, The Age of Migration, International Population Movements
in the Modern World, 4th edition, Basingstoke, Palgrave.
Cornelius W.A., 1994, Spain: The uneasy transition from labour exporter to labour
importer, in Cornelius W. A (ed.), Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective,
Stanford, Stanford University Press.
Crisp J., 2003, Refugees and the global politics of asylum, in Spencer S. (ed.,) The
Politics of Migration, Managing Opportunity, Conflict and Change, Oxford,
Blackwell.
Duran Ruiz F.J., 2003, The Relationship between Legal Status, Rights and the Social
Integration of the Immigrants, The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies,
University of California, Working Paper 84.
Eurostat, 2008, Recent migration trends: citizens of EU-27 member states become ever
more mobile while EU remains attractive to non-EU citizens, Eurostat Statistics in
Focus, 98/2008.
FSII (n.d) Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants, [online], :
<http://www.oss.inti.acidi.gov.pt/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=
144%3Afisi&catid=42%3Anews&Itemid=74&lang=en> [ 27/07/2011]
Gil Araujo S., 2002, Foreigners Suspected: The Fight Against Terrorism and
Immigration Policy in the U.S. and the EU, Barcelona, Icaria, CIP Yearbook.
Gortazar C., 2002, Two immigration acts at the end of the millennium, European
Journal Of Migration And Law, vol. 4, no 1, pp. 1-21.
Green et al., 2008, Citizenship and demographics: a country of immigration?, in Green
S. et al. (eds), The Politics of New Germany, London, Routledge.
Guiraudon V., Jileva E., 2006, Immigration and Asylum, in Heywood, P.M et al. (eds)
Developments in European Politics, Basingstock, Palgrave.
King R., Fielding A., Black R., 1997, The International Migration Turnout in Southern
Europe, in King R. and Black R. (eds), Southern Europe and the New Immigrations,
Brighton, Sussex Academic Press.
Lopez Sala A.M., 2005, Matters of state? Migration policy-making in Spain as a new
political domain, Migration: A European Journal of International Migration and
Ethnic Relations 43/44/45, Special issue Spain, pp. 35-49.
81

Martinez de Lizarrondo A., 2006, Policies of Social Integration for the Immigrants in
Spain, paper presented at the International Congress on Migration and Social Policies
in Europe, Universidad Publica de Navarra, Pamplona
Morn-Alegret R., Solana M., 2004, Foreign immigration in Spanish rural areas and
small towns: current situation and perspectives, Finisterra. Revista Portuguesa de
Geografia XXXIX (77), (Special issue on Migration in the Mediterranean Basin,
edited by R. King, R and L. Fonseca, L), pp. 21-38.
Morn-Alegret R., 2005, Joining the human towers? Immigration and social
organisations in a small town in Southern Catalonia, Migration: A European
Journal of International Migration and Ethnic Relations 43/44/45, pp. 97-123.
Moreno Fuentes F.J., 2004, The Evolution of Immigration Policies in Spain. Between
External Constraints and Domestic Demand for Unskilled Labour, Working Paper
211, Madrid, Instituto Juan March de Estudios e Investigaciones
Ortega P. N., 2003, Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy [online] :
<http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=97>

21/07/2011]
Piore M., 1979, Birds of Passage: Migrant Labour in Industrial Societies, Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press.
Pajares M., 2005, La Integracin Ciudadana una Perspectiva para la Inmigracin,
Barcelona, Icaria.
Ramos J., Bazaga I., 2002, Gestion intergubernamental y politica de immigration en
Espana: el caso de los procesos de regularization de immigrants, Paper for VII
Congreso International del CLAD sobre la reforma del Estado y de la
Administracion Publica, Lisbon
Reyneri E., 2001, Migrants' Involvement in Irregular Employment in the Mediterranean
Countries of the European Union [online], Geneva, International Labour
Organization.
:<www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/migrant/download/imp/imp41.pdf>
[ 12/7/2011]

82

 : , ,

Roig Mols E., 2007, La entrada por razones laborales en Catalua, in E. Argullol i
Murgadas (ed.), Inmigracin y Transformacin Social en Catalua, 287-334,
Madrid, Fundacin BBVA and Generalitat de Catalunya.
Santolaya M. P., 2007, Extranjera y nuevos Estatutos de Autonoma, Revista dEstudis
Autonmics i Federals, vol. 4, pp. 159-181.
Sassen S., 1996, Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization, New York,
Columbia University Press.
Schnapper S., 1994, The debate on immigration and the crisis of national identity, in
Baldwin E., Schain M.A (eds), The Politics of Immigration in Western Europe,
London, Frank Cass and Company.
Soysal Y., 1994, Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in
Europe, Chicago, University of Chicago.
Statham P., 2003, Understanding anti-asylum rhetoric: restrictive politics or racist
publics?, in Spencer S. (ed.), The Politics of Migration, Managing Opportunity,
Conflict and Change, Oxford, Blackwell.
Watts J.R., 1998, Strange Bedfellows: How Spanish Labor Union Leaders and
Employers find common ground on immigration, Policy Studies Journal, vol. 26,
no 4, pp. 657-675.
Worden T., 2010, Spain sees sixfold increase in immigrants over decade,
The Guardian, 8 February [online] :
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/feb/08/spain-sixfold-increase-immigrants>
[ 22/072011]

83

84

 : , ,

.
,
,
.
,


( ).
, .

43 (
1),
.
1, 2008-2009
61,2 % .
29,4%
. 2010-2011 ( 5% +5-6% ),

50%!

43

. http://ess.nsd.uib.no/
http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/

85

,
(15-24, 2534 35-44).

(, )
. ,
e-mail , .
1
internet/e-mail/www
2002-2003, 2004-2005, 2008-2009
internet/e-mail/www

ESS1
2002-2003
73,9

ESS2
2004-2005
66,3

,



12,7
14

0,8
1,6

0,4
1,1

2,3
3,2

1.6
2.7

4,1
5,6

4,2
5.,5

100,0
100,0

: (European Social Survey).

ESS4
2008-2009
44,7
16,5
1,5
1,3
3,6
3,0
11,2
18,2
100,0

,

(Dillman et al., 1998a Van Dijk, 2000 Crawford et al., 2001 Miller et al., 2002) ,
,
e-mail ( , ,
, ..)

86

 : , ,

(, , ,
2011):
1. , , ,
..
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
,
, , ,
(templates)
. ,
.

.
(Question Groups), .
:
, ,
, ,
..
.
. , , ,
(text validation
,

format).
87

, , .

(skip logic).
,
. ,
.
,
.

.

e-mail.
e-mail .

,
.

(facebook, twitter ..).

pop-up ( ,
). , ,
.

. e-mail
e-mail
, .
e-mail
.

: e-mail,

88

 : , ,

. , ,
.

.
on
line, .
. ,
.

, excel, SPSS, csv,
.
.

. : Survey Monkey
(http://www.surveymonkey.com),Zoomerang (http://www.zoomerang.com), QuestionPro
(http://www.questionpro.com) ..
LimeSurvey (http://www.limesurvey.org/). (
. , 2009).

()
Survey Monkey (http://www.surveymonkey.com).
Survey Monkey ,
,
. 1.5/09:

,44

.
44

.
: http://69.72.202.134/~reacgr/sem/

89

2 ,
3
. 2011
325 3852/2010
().
.
e-mail ,

, (European Social Survey
ESS). e-mail ,

2. e-mail
, . ,
, 22 (
6,8%),
. e-mail
,
e-mail
( e-mail
),
,
, , ,
.

,
( 1 3):

90

 : , ,

91

- .

().
:
M ,

,

.



, .

,
. .
,
,
:
. ,

.
,

,
.
, ,

3-4 .

92

 : , ,

,
.
78 (. 3852/2010) :
,
,
.


,
,
, .
,
:
. , ,
,
.

.
.
,
e-mail .
, ,
.
e-mail
, ,
,

.
93

-


.
,
.

.
,
,
,
.
,
(.. ).

(..
, . ).


.

. ,
,
.

94

 : , ,

., ., ., 2011, .
, ,
, 2011/23.
., 2009,

, , / & ,
.
Crawford S. D., Couper M. P., Lamias M. J., 2001, Web surveys. Perceptions of
burden, Social Science Computer Review, vol. 19, no 2, pp. 146162.
Dillman D. A., Tortora, R. D., Bowker. D., 1998, Principles for Constructing Web
Surveys. SESRC Technical Report 98-50, Pullman, Washington. http://survey.sesrc.wsu.edu/dillman/papers.htm
Miller T. I., Kobayashi M., Caldwell E., Thurson S., Collett B., 2002, Citizen surveys
on the web: General population surveys of community opinion, Social Science
Computer Review, vol. 20, no 2, pp. 124136.
Van Dijk J. A. G. M., 2000, Widening information gaps and policies of prevention, in
K. Sage, pp. 166183.

95

96

 : , ,

:
, ,
:

.
2010
855
.45 ,
,

1982 1990.46
, , ,
,47
. (244 ),
(193 ),
(235 ) (183 ).
,

, .

45

:

.
12 11 2010. : .
, . : . , . ,
. , . .
46
, . - ., 1987,
, , Gutenberg, - .,
1991, .
: 1982-1990, , . 12, . 41-69.
47

. - ., 1987, ,
, Gutenberg, . 543-605 .

97

( 12-14 ) ,

.

(Hooghe and
Wilkenfeld, 2008 Ingelhart, 1997). ,

( )
.

(
) , ,
.
1

98,4%

90,7%

97,0%

92,9%

95,1%

1,6%
100,0%

9,3%
100,0%

3,0%
100,0%

7,1%
100,0%

4,9%
100,0%

2007-8,
11,7%
.48
,
,
/ .49
48

. http://www.antigone.gr/en/stats/files/081101.pdf

/ .
: , ,
49

98

 : , ,

96,2%

83,8%

92,8%

89,5%

3,8

16,2%

7,2%

10,5%

8,8%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

91,2%

(
)
,
( )
(status) (Pettigrew, 1998).


( ) ( ): )
(Contact Hypothesis) (Allport, 1954),

, ) (Ethnic
Conflict Theory) (Blalock, 1967),
.
(Contact Hypothesis) (Allport, 1954),
-
-.

.
,
(.. Schalk-Soekar, Van de Vijver and
Hoogsteder, 2004). ,
, , , , , , , , , .
.

99

(.. Pettigrew, 1997 Turner, Voci and

Hewstone, 2007). ,

.
,
-
. ,
Pettigrew Tropp (2006),
, ,
.
: 1) status,
, 2)
,
, 3) ,
-
, 4) ,
(Allport, 1954).
,
(Ethnic Conflict Theory) (Blalock, 1967)

, .
, ,
(Scheepers et al., 2002).
,

,

(Vermeij, 2006).
, : 1)
,
,

100

 : , ,

. 2) ,

.
,

. - ,
,


.


, , , ,
.

,
.
.
:

. , ;.

: ;.
,
.
- ( ,
)
.

101

.
:
1.
- ,
,
.
. ,
. , ,
.
2.

,
.
3. ,
.

/ .
/
;

. ,


.



102

 : , ,

- ,

.
: -

-
, , (
- status ) (

).
3

. (53,8%)
, (36,8%)
, (9,5%)
. ,
,
.
,
, ,
.
, 6,8% ,
12,7% .
, (12,9%)
(5,9%).

103

%
%
%

5%
10%
10%

5%
10%
10%
50

41,1
32,7

5,9
12,9

53,0
54,4

33,7
38,1
38,8

6,9
8,9
12,7

59,4
53,0
48,6

52,3
36,4
24,7
32,2

5,1
10,2
13,4
9,4

42,6
53,5
61,9
58,3

37,6
38,6
35,6

7,4
12,2
11,5

55,0
49,2
52,9

39,0
37,4
34,0

5,1
12,1
12,4

55,9
50,5
53,6

44,0
29,2
32,0
33,3

7,5
11,8
9,5
16,7

48,4
59,0
58,5
50,0

43,6
30,3
48,5
34,8
36,8

8,4
10,2
6,1
9,6
9,5

48,0
59,5
45,5
55,6
53,8

50

.
ISCO 08. 13
.
/ .
: , ,
. : ,
- , . ,
(,
)
.

104

 : , ,

(52,3%) (5,1%),
(24,7%)
(13,4%).
, /
,
,
, ,
. E,
. 36
,
. :
(< 5%)

.

60

56,3%

54,4%

50

45,6%

43,1%

40,4%

40
30,85%
30

26,2%
22,1%

20,7%
20

15,6%

10

18,6% 18,9%

5,4%

2%

1
-

.: 1= , 2= 3=
, 4=

.
(54,4%), (56,3%) (43,1%)
status, (40,4%) (. 1).

105

,
(69,6%), (41%) (41,3%)
status (. 2).
2

80
69,6%

70
60

41,3%

41%

39,2%

33,3%

30,4%
30

24,1%

22,7%
17,9%

2,7%

3,8%

10

21,5%

15,2%

20

37,2%

40

50

.: 1= , 2= 3=
, 4=

60
52%
50

48%
42,3%

40

41,4%
36,2%

35,5%
31,8%

30
22,7%

19,5%

10

23,4%

22,5% 22,3%

3,4%

2%
0

20

' '

.: 1= , 2= 3=
, 4=

106

 : , ,

(52%),
status (42,3%), status
(41,4%), (31,8%) (. 3).
( )

-
, ,
2.51
4.1

167

149,5

140

157,5
2=14,692, df=2, p=.001, =834

24
38,5
55
40,5

215
218,1
233
229,9

4.2

170

141,8

79

99,6

47

54

6,6
2=19,012, df=6, p=.004, N=822

51

29
36,6
32
25,7
14
13,9
3
1,7

187
207,6
160
145,7
86
79
9
9,7

2 .


(-, 2006, . 148).

107

4.3

129

109,1

92

112,1

16

12,2

62

65,6
2=13,764, df=6, p=.032, =822

25
27,4
31
28,1
2
3,1
17
16,5

142
159,5
181
163,8
15
17,8
99
95,9

4.4

124

87,1

68

68,8

57

84,9

58

66,2

2=43,594, df=6, p=.000, =835

12
22,4
19
17,7
31
21,9
17
17

101
127,4
100
100,6
143
124,2
105
96,8

-
. , , 2,
,
. ,
4.1

4.4: )

, )


status, )
(
)

108

 : , ,

/
:
,
.

(29,9%) (20,9%),
(14,9%),
(11,9%),
(10,4%). (6%)
(6%) (. 4.1).
4.1

35
30

29,9%

25
20,9%
20
14,9%

15

11,9%

10,4%

10
6%

6%

5
0

109

.
5

25,0%
16,7%
25,0%
25,0%

29,4%
23,5%
11,8%
0,0%

36,0%
20,0%
16,0%
8,0%

23,1%
23,1%
7,7%
23,1%

0,0%

17,6%

16,0%

0,0%

10,4%

0,0%
8,3%
100,0%

11,8%
5,9%
100,0%

4,0%
0,0%
100,0%

7,7%
15,4%
100,0%

6,0%
6,0%
100,0%

29,9%
20,9%
14,9%
11,9%

5

1 2 .
,
,
,

.
,
.


( ). ,
,
,
,

110

 : , ,

4.2
' '
60
50

49,1%

40
30
20

15%

12,1%

11,5%

10

6,4%

5,1%
0,8%

.


.
6

48,3%
20,7%
11,5%
10,3%
4,6%
3,4%
1,1%
100,0%

50,6%
13,9%
7,6%
10,1%
6,3%
10,1%
1,3%
100,0%

111

43,3%
17,5%
13,3%
16,7%
3,3%
5,0%
0,8%
100,0%

56,3%
6,9%
14,9%
6,9%
6,9%
8,0%
0,0%
100,0%

49,1%
15,0%
12,1%
11,5%
5,1%
6,4%
0,8%
100,0%

(49,1%), (15%),
(12,1%) (11,5%).
(6,4%)
(5,1%) (0,8%) (. 4.2 6).


. ,

( ),
( ).
4.3

60
50

48,5%

40
30

26,5%

20
9,8%

10

6,1%

3,4%

3,4%

1,9%

0,4

(48,5%)
(26,5%).
, (9,8%), (6,1%),
(3,4%), (3,4%), (3,4%)
(0,4%) (. 4.3 7).

112

 : , ,

45,7%
34,5%

44,1%
18,6%

57,1%
23,8%

53,2%
19,1%

10,3%
4,3%
1,7%
2,6%
,0%
,9%

8,5%
10,2%
6,8%
8,5%
3,4%
,0%

9,5%
2,4%
2,4%
,0%
4,8%
,0%

10,6%
8,5%
4,3%
2,1%
2,1%
,0%

9,8%
6,1%
3,4%
3,4%
1,9%
,4%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

100,0%

48,5%
26,5%

.


.


. ,

( ).
,

.


,
113

.
, ,

/ .
/ ;.

/

. ,
,
.
8.1



.. (S.D.)

1,45 (0,737)

1,47 (0,679)

1,53 (0,618)

1,62 (0,743)

1,62 (0,760)

1,95 (0,742)

2,28 (0,681)
=79
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

8.2



.. (S.D.)

1,40 (0,560)

1,44 (0,679)

1,66 (0,645)

2,08 (0,777)

2,19 (0,774)

2,23 (0,789)

2,28 (0,681)
=449
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

114

 : , ,

8.3



.. (S.D.)

1,39 (0,575)

1,46 (0,669)

1,71 (0,662)

2,26 (0,757)

2,33 (0,759)

2,40 (0,674)

2,41 (0,752)
=607
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

8.1, 8.2 8.3

. ,

, ,

,
, 2,5. ,
, ,

,
.
.

.

,
,

. ,
(. 9.1),
115

(. 9.2)

(. 9.3).
9.1, 9.2 9.3


. ,

( ).
9.1

( )

.. (S.D.)

1,37 (0,684)

1,50 (0,786)

1,58 (0,692)

1,58 (0,838)

1,63 (0,831)

1,83 (0,786)

2,11 (0,832)
=19
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

9.2

( )

.. (S.D.)

1,45 (0,573)

1,46 (0,707)

1,68 (0,682)

2,15 (0,762)

2,28 (0,802)

2,33 (0,751)

2,38 (0,638)
=180
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

116

 : , ,

9.3

( )

.. (S.D.)

1,36 (0,626)

1,40 (0,608)

1,76 (0,695)

2,28 (0,689)

2,39 (0,667)

2,44 (0,601)

2,54 (0,700)
=607
.: 3 ( 1= , 2= , 3= )

,
.
. ,
. ,



:
,
.
, ,
.

.

- , ,
,
,
, ,

117

,
.
,
-
,
.
, ,
, (
),

. ,
:
/ (
)
.
,

, . ,


,

( .., 83: 2007).


( ) (
, ) .

.

.
118

 : , ,

,
.



,

. ,
,
.
,
.

.
,



. ,

/
( ). ,

(
,
). , (
)
.
119

,



. ,
,
( ).
, 5%
. ,

,

. ,

, ,
, , ,
. , ,


, ,
.


.
. ,
, ( )

.

, ,

120

 : , ,

,
.

121

Allport G. W., 1954, The Nature of Prejudice, Cambridge, Addison-Wesley.

Blalock H. M., 1967, Toward a Theory of Minority-group Relations, New York, Wiley.
Dejaeghere Y., Hooghe M., Claes E., 2012, Do ethnically diverse schools reduce
ethnocentrism? A two- year panel study among majority group late adolescents in Belgian
schools, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, vol. 36, pp. 108-117.
Hooghe M., Wilkenfeld B., 2008, The stability of political attitudes and behaviors across
adolescence and early adulthood: A comparison of survey data on adolescents and young
adults in eight countries, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, vol. 37, pp. 155-167.
., .,

., 2007, , , .

, ,
.
- ., 2006, .
SPSS 13, , Gutenberg.
- ., 1987, .
, Gutenberg.
- ., 1991, .
: 1982-1990,
, . 80, . 41-69.
Pettigrew T. F., 1997, Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice, Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 23, pp. 173185.
Pettigrew T.F., 1998, Intergroup contact theory, Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 49, pp.
65-85.
Pettigrew T. F., Tropp L. R., 2006, A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory,
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 90, pp. 751783.
Scheepers P., Gijsberts M., Coenders M., 2002, Ethnic exclusionism in European countries.
Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic treat,
European Sociological Review, vol. 18, pp. 1734.

122

 : , ,

Turner R. N., Voci

A., Hewstone M., 2007, Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup

prejudice via direct and extended contact: the mediating role of self disclosure and
intergroup anxiety Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 93, pp. 369388.
Vermeij L., 2006, Whats cooking? Cultural boundaries among Dutch teenagers of different
ethnic origins in the context of school , Veenendaal, The Netherlands, Universal Pr.

123

:

. , ;.
,

.
,
. ,
(corpus)
.52
,
.

.
.

.
, ,
.

,
.

,
.
, ,

.

52

. P.Paill, A. Mucchieli, Lanalyse qualitative en sciences sociales et

humaines, Paris, Armand Colin, 2003, . 124.

124

 : , ,

.





.








.






.


.






.


.

,

.

125

,

,
.

,
.



,
,
.

,


.

,
,



.
,
.

,

,
.
.



,

, .
,

.

.



.


,

.





.


.

,

,

(),
.


,


,
.



,

.
,
, .

.


.


.

,

,


.

126

.

'
' ,
.

 : , ,

:



/

,

.

,
,

.
,
.
,
.
,
: ) ,
) (/ )
.
,
, . , ,
, ,
. , , , ,
, , , ,
, ,
. , , (
:

/ , ,
. , ,
127

,
.
, , .
,
, , , ,
, .
, , ,
. , .
,
, , .
,
.

. , ,
.


, , ,
, . ,
,
, , ,
, .
, , .
. ,

. ,
, . To ,
. ,
,
.53

53

/ (, 1991: 109-110),
.

128

 : , ,

, ,
. ,
, /,

(, 1996: 297).

, .
, , , , , , , , ,
. ,
, ,
(, 1998: 23).
,
.
(, 1996: 14 ..). Braudel
, , ,
(Braudel: 60-72).
:
.
,
. ,
. . ,
,
,54 .
, ,
, .
,

54

Marshall Mc Luhan Bruce R. Powers The

Global Village: The Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21th Century.
East Meets West in the Hemispheres, ,
, ,
.
.

129

, , ,
. .55

56 -
. ,

... ( ).
,
.
, ,
, ,
. .
,
,
, .


, .

, /
.

/. Alfred Kroeber Clyde

55

, 1997: 45-46 .. :
,
,
, , .
(, 1997: 127, , 1997: 182)
/.
- ,
(, 2010).
56
.
. 69 , , 2001.
1990, ,
, ,

.

130

 : , ,

Kluckhohn, 1952 Culture: A Critical

Review of Concepts and Definitions, 150 .57
,
. civilization
civis,-itas civilis (: ),
, ,

, . culture
. colere (: , . agriculture: ).
, / ,
homo civilis homo sylvaticus,
(, 1980: 2). ,
,
. . 1829,
civilization .58
culture,


.

,
. ,
.59
, ,
,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
57

, 1980: 1.
, 1966: 164.
59
Zygmunt Bauman , ,
(Bauman, 1992).
58

131

, ,
.60 , ,
, ,
.
,
, , ,
, .
, ,
. ,
,
, -
(Eagleton, 2003).
/,

,61
, ,
.
O
,
. , ,
,
,

,
. , ,
,

.
60

, Edward Taylor, o Raymond Williams, o Zygmunt Bauman, o Stuart Hall, o Fernand Braudel,
o Terry Eagleton .. .
61

UNESCO, .
. site
www.culturalpolicies.net, links www.culture.gr
.

132

 : , ,

, , . 2002 . 3028

.62
: 63.
, .

,
,
. , ,

,
.
,

/ .
,
, ,
, .
,
.
, .
.
,
.

.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
( ) .
62

. 3658/2008 ( 70//22.4.2008) .
2001 Lund
,
.
Minerva,
.
63

133

.
.


, ,
, .

64 .

.65

, , , .

, .

.
:
: ,
,
(, 2009: 127).
,
, , ,
. , ,

64

,
.
( )
. Lund, ,
2001 ,
.
( Minerva, www.minervaeurope.org).
65
Google, arts project,
(Europeana).

134

 : , ,

:
, ,
. ,
() ( ),
, .
, ,
, .

(, 1984: 83-84). ,
, . ,
, , .

,
,
,
.
, ,
,
(, 2009:
9).66.
67
68 (, 2009: 112-121).
..
, ,
, ,
, , , ,
(European Handbook on the Integration).69
..
1999 ,
,
66

dide-anatol.att.sch.gr/perival/FAKELOS_ESY_OPOS_KI_EGO/IOM_tool_gr.pdf
. , UNESCO (.2462/1997,
25/26,2,97 Fribourg .
68
. , .
.
69
ec.europa.eu/ewsi/UDRW/images/items/docl_12892_168517401.pdf.
67

135

...
,

(, 2009: 63-65 europa70).

.. 21
2002 ...
,
. , 9-10 2002,
....
,
, .
( 78 79, .

)
.71
,
,
.
, ..
,
,
, , ,
.
, .. ( 2011-2014)

,
.

. - ..
.72
, , ,
70

http://europa.eu/geninfo/query/resultaction.jsp?page=1 (1/6//11).
2930 , ,
(9/3/2009).
72
Eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:325:0001:0009:EN:PDF , C325/3.
71

136

 : , ,

.
.73
, 8% .. ,
..74 ..
2007-2013 6.449 . .75
.. 2007-2013 400 . (
8 . ). ,
..
,
- -
, ,
, .

,
, ,
, , , , ..
,

, :
1. .

( )
( . ).
:
( ).
2. ,
/ / LALIBELA-
. ,
,
( ).

73

www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/culture/Cities/AG_en.pdf
Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-32-10-374/EN/KS-32-10-374-EN.PDF (22.2.2012).
75
62% , 18% ,
12% , 7% 1% ,
project, ..
74

137

3.
(.. Arnhem)
.
4. Mensenbieb (: ),
,
, ..,
.
.
5. Eurocities, 128 ,
:

(www.eurocities.org)

, :
,
(. , 2009: 119).
/.
, ,
.
.
/
.
.. .

,
, .


.., .

138

 : , ,

., ., 2001,
, , .

X.,

2009,

. , .,
., .,
, ...101-123. : ., , .
Bastmante E., 2004, Cultural Industries in the Digital Age: Some Provisional Conclutions.
Media, Culture and Society, vol. 26, pp. 803-820.
Bauman Z., 1992, , . , , , .
Braudel F., 2001, , ,
.
., 1997, , , , Gutenberg.
., 2010, , , ,
.
., 1980, .
, , .
, 2009, . /
.
., 1998, ,
: : , , - , ,

/ .
., 2003, , , .
., 1966, , : ..
., ., ., 2001, , ,
.
McLuhan M., Powers B., 1989, The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and
Media in the 21st Century, New York, Oxford University Press.
., 1997, , , .
., . ()., 2004, :
, , , /.

139

., 2009,
, ., ., .,
, : ,.
, , . 61-85.
., 1991, : , 5
, , .
., 1996, : , , .
., 1996, , , : ,
, .
., 2009, : ,
, , : ., ., .,
,
: ., , , . 123-141.
., 1984, , , Gutenberg.
Williams R., 1994, , , .

140