Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Frame Element PDF
Frame Element PDF
Truss elements carry axial forces only. Beam elements carry shear forces
and bending moments. Frame elements carry shear forces, bending moments,
and axial forces. This document picks up with the previously-derived truss
and beam element stiffness matrices in local element coordinates and proceeds
through frame element stiffness matrices in global coordinates.
1 Frame Element Stiffness Matrix in Local Coordinates, k
A frame element is a combination of a truss element and a beam element.
The forces and displacements in the local axial direction are independent of the
shear forces and bending moments.
N1
V1
M1
N2
V2
M2
q1
q2
q3
q4
q5
q6
EA
L
12EI
L3
sym
0
EA
L
0
0
6EI
L2
4EI
L
6EI
12EI
3
L
L2
6EI
L2
2EI
L
EA
L
12EI
L3
0 6EI
L2
4EI
L
u1
u2
u3
u4
u5
u6
CEE 421L. Matrix Structural Analysis Duke University Fall 2014 H.P. Gavin
u2 = v1 sin + v2 cos
u1 = v1 cos + v2 sin
u3 = v3
or, u = T v.
The equilibrium relationship between local forces, q, and global forces, f ,
is
q2 = f1 sin + f2 cos
q1 = f1 cos + f2 sin
q3 = f3
T=
c s 0
s c 0
0 0 1
0
0
c s 0
s c 0
0 0 1
c = cos =
x2 x1
L
s = sin =
y2 y 1
L
=
=
=
=
ku
kTv
TT k T v
Kv
K=
EA 2
L c
12EI 2
+ L3 s
EA
L cs
12EI
L3 cs
2
EA
EA
L c
L cs
6EI
12EI 2
12EI
L2 s L3 s + L3 cs 6EI
L2 s
EA 2
L s
12EI 2
+ L3 c
2
EA
EA
L cs
L s
12EI 2
+ 12EI
L3 cs L3 c
6EI
L2 c
4EI
L
6EI
L2 c
6EI
L2 s
6EI
L2 c
2EI
L
EA 2
L c
12EI 2
+ L3 s
EA
L cs
12EI
L3 cs
6EI
L2 s
EA 2
L s
12EI 2
+ L3 c
6EI
L2 c
sym
4EI
L
CEE 421L. Matrix Structural Analysis Duke University Fall 2014 H.P. Gavin
qp
qr
kpp kpr
krp krr
up
ur
The element end forces at the primary coordinates The element stiffness matrix
equation relating qp and up is
1
qp = kpp kpr krr
krp up
h
The rows and columns of the released element stiffness matrix corresponding
to the released coordinates, r, are set to zero. The rows and columns of the
released element stiffness matrix corresponding to the retained coordinates, p,
1
are [kpp kpr krr
krp ]. This is the element stiffness matrix that should assemble
into the structural coordinates collocated with the primary (retained) coordinates p. The following sections give examples for pinned-fixed and fixed-pinned
frame elements. Element stiffness matrices for many other end-release cases
can be easily computed.
CC BY-NC-ND H.P. Gavin
k=
0
3EI
L3
0 EA
L
3EI
L3
EA
L
sym
3EI
L3
3EI
L2
3EI
L2
3EI
L
K=
EA 2
L c
3EI 2
+ L3 s
EA
L cs
3EI
L3 cs
3EI
2
0 EA
EA
L c
L cs L2 s
2
3EI
+ 3EI
L3 s
L3 cs
EA 2
L s
3EI 2
+ L3 c
EA 2
0 EA
L cs L s
3EI 2
+ 3EI
L3 cs L3 c
3EI
L2 c
EA 2
L c
3EI 2
+ L3 s
EA
L cs
3EI
L3 cs
EI
L2 s
EA 2
L s
3EI 2
L3 c
3EI
L2 c
sym
3EI
L
CEE 421L. Matrix Structural Analysis Duke University Fall 2014 H.P. Gavin
EA
L
k=
0
3EI
L3
EA
L
3EI
L2
3EI
0
L3
3EI
L
3EI
0
L2
EA
L
3EI
L3
sym
K=
EA 2
L c
3EI 2
+ L3 s
EA
L cs
3EI
L3 cs
EA 2
L s
3EI 2
+ L3 c
EA 2
3EI
EA
L2 s L c
L cs 0
3EI 2
3EI
L3 s + L3 cs
3EI
L2 c
3EI
L
EA 2
EA
0
L cs L s
3EI
3EI 2
+ L3 cs L3 c
3EI
L2 s
EA 2
L c
3EI 2
+ L3 s
3EI
L2 c 0
EA
L cs
3EI
L3 cs
EA 2
L s
3EI 2
+ L3 c
sym
5 Notation
u
q
k
T
v
f
K
d
p
Ks