Thng Kinh

O KINH

CHNG I
TH O [1]

Hn vn:

. . ; .
; , . .
. . .
Phin m:
1. o kh o phi thng o. Danh kh danh phi thng danh.
2. V danh thin a chi thy; Hu danh vn vt chi mu.
3. C thng v dc d quan k diu; Thng hu dc d quan k kiu.
4. Th lng gi ng xut nhi d danh. ng v chi huyn. Huyn chi
hu huyn. Chng diu chi mn.
Dch xui:
1. o (m) c th gi c, khng phi l o thng (hng cu). Tn
m c th gi c, khng (cn) phi l tn thng (hng cu).
2. Khng tn l gc ca tri t, c tn l m ca mun vt.
3. Cho nn thng khng c dc nhn thy ch vi diu ca mnh.
Thng c dc, nhn thy ch gii hn (cng dng) [2] ca mnh.
4. Hai ci cng mt ngun gc, nhng tn khc nhau, u gi l
Huyn nhim. (Ci) ti huyn nhim y chnh l ca pht sinh ra mi
iu huyn diu.
Dch th:
1. Ha cng h d t tn,
Khun thing h d m em lun bn.
2. Khng tn sng to th gian,

C tn, l m mun vn th sinh.

3. Tch nhin cho thy uy linh,
Hin dng cho thy cng trnh vn vi.
4. Hai phng din mt Ha Nhi,
Huyn linh khn xut huyn vi khn lng.
y l chng diu chi mn,
Ca thing pht xut mi ngun huyn vi.
BNH GING
Chng 1 ny rt quan trng v bn v o th ca v tr. Ta c th
nng theo Lo t m bnh gii nh sau:
o l g?
1. o chnh l Tuyt i, l Bn th thng hng cu v tr. V Tuyt
i, nn o kh bn ci, kh xng danh.
2. o chnh l ngun gc sinh xut v tr qun sinh.
3. o c th vo mt trong hai trng thi: tnh v ng. Tnh l
trng thi cha hin dng. ng l trng thi hin dng. Cha hin
dng thi minh linh, o diu, khng bit u l bn b. hin dng,
thi mi thy cng trnh vn vi, gii hn.
4. Nhng hin dng hay khng hin dng, vn ch l mt o th
siu vi. Danh hiu tuy khc nhau nhng tu trung vn l mt thc th. o
th siu vi y l ca thing sinh xut ra mi iu huyn vi o diu.
5. Quan nim ca cc nh bnh gii v ch o: Cc nh bnh gii v
cc dch gi u chu thng hiu o l Nguyn l v tr. Wieger dch
o l Principe (Nguyn l). A. Rmusat dch o l Logos (Thn ngn).
Stanislas Julien dch o l La Voie (ng). P. B. Blakney dch o l The
Way (ng). Cc dch gi ngi c dch o l Weg (ng), Vernunft
(L), Wort (Logos, Thn ngn), Wahrheit (Chn l). A. W. Watts dch o l
Ralit ultime (Thc th ti hu). Trong bn dch o c Kinh u tin ra
ting Latinh ch o c dch l: L; Nguyn l; To ha. [3] A.
Rmusat, gio s Hoa ng i hc Paris, dch gi o c kinh, cho rng
ch c th dch ch o bng ch Logos vi ngha l Nguyn th, Nguyn
l, Nguyn m. [4] Hardwick, gio s i hc Cambridge, cho rng ch

o phi c hiu l Nguyn nhn tru tng, l Nguyn l, Nguyn sinh

v hnh, v tng, v thy v chung, v bin t, v.v. [5]
Cc nh bnh gii o c kinh, Hoa hay Vit cng u gii o l
Nguyn l ti cao, l ngun gc sinh ra tri t vn vt, l Thi cc, v.v.
gii thch ch o cho r hn, ti mn li l ca Hoi Nam t
trong thin Nguyn o hun (xem Hoi Nam t, chng I), v
trnh by nh sau:
Ha cng ch t che tri,
Mnh mng bn hng, chi vi tm tng.
Cao cao v tn v ngn,
Thm su, su my mun tm o sao.
Trm tri m t cng bao,
V hnh, v tng, nh no hnh dung.
Ngun tung, sui ta tng bng,
Ng l sp cn, bng dng y trn.
o o, cun cun, vang vang,
Ng l vn c, vn hon trong veo.
Ging ln, t ngp tri teo,
Tung ra, bn bin c chiu mung lung.
Ra tay linh diu khn cng,
Quang m khn cn, dm chng vn du.
Khi tung tri t khng va,
Khi thu, nh xu lt va nm tay.
Tuy co m dn nh my,
Tuy m m sng nh ngy nng chang.
T non m rt cng cng,
Mm nhung, m rn in tung thp gang.
Gm t c, vai mang tu nguyt,
Ngt tri my soi ht trng sao.

Mn mng, thm thit bit bao,

T vi, tm tt t sao cho cng.
Ni nh th, m tung cao vt,
Vc da uy, su ngt ngn trng.
Ngi cho th chy trong rng,
Cho chim tung cnh chn tng my xanh.
Ngi t nh quang minh nht nguyt,
Ngi rong cng rui ht tinh vi.
K ln a rn cng v,
Phng loan bay bng quyn uy khng ngoi.
i thi c, c hai hong ,
Nh n ngi ch v trc sau,
Mi nn nhn c nhim mu;
Thn thng ha dc, dn u mun phng.
Quyn uy ngi khn lng, khn t,
Rung c tri, lng c t ai,
Quay cho tri t vn xoay,
X cho nc chy m ngy chng thi.
Thy chung snh vai mun vt,
Thi gi ging, p ln my,
Vic g cng c dng tay,
m m sm ng, ma bay t quyn...
Sau khi hiu o l Nguyn l ti ca ca vn hu, sau khi nhn
nh rng o v hnh danh v bt kh t ngh, ti s dng nhng t ng
hu hnh danh nh: Ha Cng, Ha Nhi, To ha, Khun xanh,
Khun thing, v.v. dch ch o.
S d ti dm lm nh vy l v:
1. o khng c tn, cho nn dng danh t no cng bt xng nh
nhau, k t ngay c ch o.

Chnh Lo t cng ch trng nh vy. Ngi vit: Ng bt tri k danh,

t chi vit o. , (Ta khng bit tn ngi, ta gi
bng o.)
2. Trang t nhiu khi cng nhn cch ha o v gi bng To Ha,
To vt gi, v.v. (Xem Nam Hoa kinh, chng 6, F).
Cu Thng v dc d quan k diu, thng hu dc d quan k
kiu. , ni on 3 chng ny xa nay
thng c dch v gii nh sau:
Khng c dc tnh mi tht c bn th vi diu ca o, c dc tnh
thi ch thy c nhng hnh tng, vn th, sai bit bn ngoi ca o
m thi.
rng mun hiu o, thi cn phi sng phi kt vi o, v th nn
H Thng Cng mi gi chng ny l Th o . Cc nh
o hc cng cn cho rng hai cu ny chnh l cha kha i vo cng
phu tu luyn, c o, thnh tin. H Thng Cng , Hunh Nguyn
Ct , Wieger, Legge, Stanislas, Julien, v.v. u hiu nht lot nh
vy.
Rng hay th tht l hay, nhng ring ti thy rng nu dch nh
vy, chng nht ny s mt mch lc. on 3 ny s khng n vi
on 4. Wieger nhn thy s mt mch lc y nn ng nh s on
3 thnh on 4, v lc dch em on 3 ny xung cui chng.
Chng l Lo t vit sch m khng lu n mch lc ca chng c
hay sao. Chnh v vy m khi dch ti vn p dng hai cu ny cho o,
thay v cho ngi, v cho rng hai cu ny m t hai phng din n hin
ca o.
Tch nhin cho thy uy linh,
Hin dng cho thy cng trnh vn vi.
Dch nh vy ta thy hai cu sau cng mi c ngha:
Hai phng din mt Ha Nhi,
Huyn linh khn xit, huyn vi khn lng,
y l chng diu chi mn,
Ca thing pht xut mi ngun huyn vi.

Li dch v hiu ca ti lm cho chng ny tr nn nht tr, v trn

di ch lun v o, v o th. V nu c th t tn cho chng ny,
ti s t l o th thay v hai ch Th o ca H Thng Cng.
Nhn xt rng Lo t sau ny cn dng nhiu chng bn lun v
o (xem cc chng 4, 14, 6, 25, 34, 42, 52) th khng c l ni chng I,
ngi li ni c c mt hai cu v o, ri vi vng quay ra dy cng phu
tu luyn, bit o, hiu o. Chnh v vy m ti mi c li bnh v dch
nh trn. Sai hay phi sau ny ty cng lun ph phn. [6]

[1] Tn cc chng theo H Thng Cng .

[2] Annie Besant dch:
Nous devons tre trouvs toujours sans dsir
Si nous voulons en sonder le mystre profond.
Mais si le dsir est toujours en nous,
Nous nen verrons que la frange extrieure
Annie Besant, La Sagesse antique, p. 22.
[3] The first translation of the Tao Teh King into a Western
language was executed in Latin by some of the Roman Catholic
missionaries and a copy of it was brought to England by a Mr.
Matthew Raper, F. R. S. and presented by him to the Society at
a meeting on the 10th January 1788, being the gift to him of
P. Jes. De Gramment, Missionarius Apostolicus, ex-Jesuita. In
this version, To is taken in the sense of Ratio, or the Supreme
Reason of the Divine Being, the Creator and Governor. James
Legge,The Text of Taoism, p. 58.
[4] Ce mot me semble ne pas pouvoir tre bien traduit si ce nest
par le mot Logos, dans le triple sens de souverain tre de
raison et de parole. (Ibid., p. 58)
[5] The indefinite expression Tao was adopted to denominate an
abstract cause, or the initial principle of life and order, to which
worshippers were able to assign the attributes of
immateriality, eternity, immensity, invisibility. (Ibid., p. 59)

[6] a) Hai phng din n hin ca o thng hay c cc nh

huyn hc cp ti. Annie Besant vit trong quyn La
Sagesse antique nh sau: Dans le To Teh Ching,
lenseignement traditionnel au sujet du Non-Manifest et du
Manifest ressort clairement: Le To qui peut tre suivi nest
pas le tao ternel er immuable. Le nom qui peut tre nomm
nest pas le nom ternel et immuable. Lorsquil na point de
nom, il est Celui qui a engendr le Ciel et la Terre; lorsquil
possde un nom, il est la Mre de toutes choses. (...) Sous ces
deux aspects, il est identique en ralit mais mesure que le
dveloppement se produit, il reoit diffrents noms. Ensemble
nous les appelons le Mystre. (I, 1, 2, 4) Xem La Sagesse
antique, p. 18.
b) Ramakrishna nhn nh v Tuyt i cng ging y nh Lo
t. ng vit trong quyn L Enseignement de Ramakrishna nh
sau:
- LAbsolu est ineffable, impensable, inconcevable. (op, cit. p.
467)
- LAbsolu est ltre non conditionn par quoi que ce soit: ni,
par le temps, ni par lespace, ni par la causalit, comment les
paroles pourraient-elles lexprimer. (Ibid., p. 467)
- Quand on pense ltre Suprme sous son aspect inactif
(nishkriya) on le nomme Dieu absolu (Shuddha-Brahman) et
quand on le reprsente sous son aspect actif crant soutenant
et dtruisant, on le nomme Shakti ou Divinit personnelle.
(Ibid., p. 475)
CHNG 2
DNG THN

Hn vn:

, ; , .
, , , , , .

 , . , ,
, . , .
Phin m:
1. Thin h giai tri m chi vi m, t c d; giai tri thin chi vi thin, t
bt thin d. C hu v tng sinh, nan d tng thnh, trng on tng
hnh,[1] cao h tng khuynh, m thanh tng ha, tin hu tng ty.
2. Th d thnh nhn x v vi chi s, hnh bt ngn chi gio. [2]
3. Vn vt tc yn nhi bt t, sinh nhi bt hu, vi nhi bt th,[3] cng
thnh nhi pht c.
4. Ph duy pht c, th d bt kh. [4]
Dch xui:
1. Thin h u bit p l p, th l xu vy; u bit tt l tt th
l khng tt vy, bi v c khng sinh ra nhau d kh thnh tu ln nhau,
ngn di to thnh ln nhau, trn di ln lo ra nhau, thanh m ha hp
vi nhau, sau trc theo nhau.
2. Cho nn thnh nhn dng V vi m x s, dng v ngn m dy
d.
3. Vn vt hot ng m vn im lm; sng ng m khng (i quyn)
s hu; lao tc m khng cy cng; cng thnh m khng lu luyn.
4. Khng lu luyn nn mi khng mt.
Dch th:
1. Ngi i thy p bit khen,
Th l ci xu chen vo ri.
iu hay r khc nhi,
Thi dang d li thi sinh dn.
Mi hay: Khng c chuyn vn,
D sinh ra kh, vn nhn thnh di.
Thp cao ty ng ngc xui,
Ting ca, trm bng, dng i trc sau.
2. Thnh nhn khinh khot tng cao,

V vi, thm lng, tiu hao dy i.

3. Ka xem mun vt thnh thi,
Im lm sinh hot, mt li cng khng.
Ngy m lm chng k cng,
Cng thnh phi phi, tuyt khng bn lng.
4. Khng nn n lc thnh cng,
Cho nn tn ti mi cng thin thu.
BNH GING
1. Sau khi cho ta thy o th siu vit tuyt i ni chng I,
Lo t lin cho ta thy ni y mt ci nhn bao qut v th gii tng i
bin thin, y mu thun, v cho rng nhng mu thun y u l tng
i, gi to i vi mt nh o hc.
Theo Lo t trong ci hay c ci d, trong ci d li c ci hay. (K,
chng 58). V li, Thin c cng chng khc nhau l bao nhiu. (K,
ch. 20)
Ti sao vy? Bi v vn vt o ha bin thin. Nu ta tch mi s ra
khi vng bin dch, ta s thy xu tt khc nhau. Nhng nu ta lng mi
s vo vng bin chuyn, ta s thy thin cng nh c, p cng nh xu,
khng c g l c nh.
Hraclite cng vit: Trong chu k bin ha, sng cht p i
nhau. Tin tc, tc tin; tc sng thi tin cht, tc cht thi tin
sng. [5]
Sng hay cht, thc hay ng, tr hay gi ch l mt, v s bin ha,
ci ny s thnh ci kia, ci kia s thnh ci n. [6] [... ] Nht tn thi
thnh vn, vn t thi thnh nht. [7]
Kinh nghim cng cho chng ta thy rng: S thin c theo thi
gian, theo tro lu lch s cng lun lun thay i b mt.
S gia Henry Steele Commager vit: Lch s cho chng ta thy rng
cc tiu chun, cc gi tr, cc nguyn tc bin i theo thi gian v x
hi. trong mt x hi, chng bin i theo mi th h. Cc gio hong
xa c la chn v hc vn v nhn c tin rng lun l bt buc
cc ngi phi tiu tr lon gio (hrsies) bng st bng la, bng bo

tn bng tra tn. Cc ngi u chu th k XVI khng ngn ngi, git
ngi da , v cho rng h khng c linh hn. Nhng ngi thanh gio
(puritains) gii giang v ngay thng khng ngn ngi kt n t hnh
nhng m ph thy, v th k XIX, cc ngi Cng gio min Nam nc
M cho rng ch n l l mt n sng ca Tri. [8]
Trang t cng vit i khi rng: Trn phng din o th th mt
cng c hay mt x nh, nng L hay Ty Thi, vui hay bun, khn hay di,
tt c u l mt. Thnh suy thnh bi ch l nhng trng thi tng tc
lun phin. Tt c u l mt nhng ch c nhng bc i tr mi thy
c. Cho nn thnh nhn vt ln trn cc quan nim th phi yn ngh
trong Ha Cng, mc cho s vt chuyn vn xui ngc. [9]
Th tc l trong th gii bin dch, ta phi chp nhn mi trng thi,
mi kha cnh, v phi bit vn mnh ln trn nhng cp mu thun
tng i y sng trong o th i ng. V th tip theo Lo t mi
khuyn chng ta: X v vi chi s, hnh bt ngn chi gio. ,
.
2. X v vi chi s
Hai ch V vi rt l quan trng. Lo t, Lit t, Trang t thng cp
n hai ch v vi. Ta thy o c kinh cp hai ch V vi ni cc
chng:
- Chng 2, B
- Chng 3, C
- Chng 10, D
- Chng 37, A
- Chng 38, A
- Chng 43, B
- Chng 48, B
- Chng 57, C
- Chng 63, A
- Chng 64, C
Xung H chn kinh cp V vi ni cc chng:
- Chng 2, J (Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoiste, tr. 94)

- Chng 8, H (tr. 186) (nh ngha V vi).

Nam Hoa kinh cp V vi ni cc chng:
- Chng 6, G (tr. 258) v E (tr. 254)
- Chng 7, F (tr. 266)
- Chng 10, D (tr. 280)
- Chng 11 A (tr. 284)
- Chng 11 D (tr. 290)
- Chng 11 F (tr. 292) (nh ngha V vi)
- Chng 12 A v B (tr. 294)
- Chng 13 A (tr. 308)
- Chng 13 B (tr. 310)
- Chng 15 B (tr. 130)
- Chng 18 A (tr. 350)
- Chng 22 H (tr. 396)
V vi l g? Cc hc gi bnh gii o c kinh thng cho rng V vi l
sng thun theo t nhin. Thit tng gii nh vy cha cho chng ta thy
c ht tm quan trng ca hai ch V vi.
Lit t cho rng: Li ni cao siu nht l s thm lng, vic lm cao
siu nht l v vi. [10]
Trang t cho rng: V vi l ng li ca tri t. [11] V vi l cng
vic ca Tri. [12] Tch mch v vi l cn bn ca vn vt. [13] V vi
tr v kh hp vi bn cn, bn tnh, thnh thn. [14]
Chng 37 o c kinh cng cho rng V vi l hot ng ca
o. [15]
Cc nh luyn an thi cho rng:
- V vi l nhp i nh. [16]
- t ti V vi l t ti i chu thin , giai on ti hu ca
khoa luyn an, tc l nhp nh ha thn . [17]
Tm li, ta c th ni rng theo o Lo th: ci hu vi l ci ngi;
ln ci v vi l ln ci tri.

Chnh v th m xa cao tng Cu Ma La Thp (Kumarajiva,

340-413) dng hai ch V vi dch ch Nit Bn . Nh vy t ti
V vi tc l t ti ci bt sinh bt dit. [18]
Mt khc chng ta cng nn ghi nhn rng ch Nit bn cn c
phin m ra ting Hn bng hai ch N hon . [19]
o Pht cng dng ch N Hon phin m ch Nit Bn. Kinh
Th Lng Nghim vit:
Phc thnh th tn v chng minh
Ng trc c th th tin nhp.
Nht nht chng sinh v thnh Pht
Chung bt th th N Hon.
Dch:
Ci xin Th Tn hy chng minh,
i c ng trc th vo trc.
Nh mt chng sinh cha thnh Pht
Trt chng v ni cnh Nit Bn. [20]
Nh vy ta c: Nit Bn = V vi = N Hon = No tht ba. Phng
trnh ny lm ta lin tng n cu ni sau y ca mt nh Tm l hc u
chu: S khc bit gia kin thc v tn ngng chng qua l s khc
bit gia c no (trung no) v tn no (ngoi no). [21]
Vt ln trn th gii ph sinh, tng i i vo th gii ca chn
nht, ca o th, l: X v vi chi s .
Kho kinh Kim Cng, ta cng thy ni y nh vy. Pht ni: Phm ci
g c hnh tng, thy u h vng.[22] Li ni: Phi la tt c cc chp
tng mi gi l ch Pht. [23]
Ngi Co thin s ng c cu La tt c cc vng chp mi l ch
pht nn c lm hai bi tng rng:
Thn khu thanh tnh,
Th danh Pht xut th.
Thn khu bt tnh,
Th danh Pht dit .

Tc tm th Pht v d php.
M gi a tm ngoi cu.
Nht nim quch nhin qui bn t
Hon nh ty khc thng thuyn u.
Phng dch:
Thn khu thanh tnh,
l Pht xut th.
Thn khu bt tnh,
l Pht nhp dit.
Tm kia l Pht ch nn qun,
M mi ngoi tm kim mi min
Nh y v ra l ti Pht,
D nh ra cng bc ln thuyn. [24]
Pht li dy: Tu B , B tt pht tm B phi xa la tt c cc
chp tng. B tt khng nn sinh tm tr chp ni sc trn, thanh trn,
hng trn, v trn, xc trn v php trn [... ] Ni tm li, B tt ng
sinh vng tm tr chp mt ni no c. Nu B tt tm cn tr chp ni
no, th khng phi tht an tr chn tm. (Ib. 109).
Ta cng c th mn my vn th phng theo ca vnh David XV m
gii cu X v vi chi s nh sau:
Ai ln ni Cha cao quang,
Dng bc n vng sang trng huyn linh.
L ai gi tm lng thanh,
Gi bn tay khi vn tanh mi phm.
Ai ln ni Cha cao quang,
Dng bc n vng sang trng huyn linh.
L ai sng gia ph sinh,
Chng h m qun c quan bn hn. [25]
Hnh v ngn chi gio

Nu trn gii V vi l hot ng ca thn, ca o, ca Tri, th by

gi li phi gii V ngn l ting ni ca o, ca Thn, ca Tri. Ting ni
ca Thn, ca o tng l thm lng nhng chnh l sm vang rung
chuyn v tr.
Lo t o c kinh, chng 41 vit: i m hi thanh.
(Ting to nh sm m dng v thanh.) Lit t gii: V ngn l ch ngn,
l ting ni cao siu nht chnh l v vy. [26]
Trang t cng vit trong Nam Hoa kinh: V vi chi chi v Thin, v vi
ngn chi chi v c.
(V vi l vic ca Tri,
H l c c khng li lng thinh.)
V th cho nn nhng bc i tr thng mun v ngn. Lit t vit:
c gi v ngn, tin tr gi dic v ngn. ,
(Ngi c nh thi khng ni. Ngi i tr cng khng ni.)[27]
Khng t cng mun V ngn, v l thi ca Tri. Ngi ni: Tri
c ni g u m bn ma vn vn xoay, vn vt vn sinh ha. [28]
Pht ni:
Thy tng thnh o hu,
Chung ch Bt h.
th nh trung gian,
V thng thuyt nht t.
Dch:
T khi mi thnh o,
n lc nhp Nit Bn,
Trong khong thi gian ny,
Ta khng ni mt ch. [29]
Kinh Kim Cng cng vit: V thuyt, v vn, chn Bt Nh.
. [30] Mi hay: Ting ca ngi th hu thanh, hu ngn, ting
ca Tri, ca o thi v thanh, v ngn.
3. Sng t nhin v vi, v ngn nh vy chnh l khun theo ng li
ca tri t, v v tr vn vt u im lm sinh hot, tuy sinh m khng cho

mnh l c, tuy lm m khng t thi, tuy thnh cng m khng lu luyn

vi thnh qu thu lm c.
4. Thnh nhn cng phi v t, v dc, phi theo c gng ngi
xa du c c thin h, lng cng khng dnh bn.[31] C th mi
trng cu cng tri t. [32]
[1] Bn ca Vng Bt in l Trng on tng gio . Cc bn
sau ny i l Trng on tng hnh cho hp vn vi
cu Nan d tng thnh trn.
[2] on ny s c bn li ni chng 43 o c kinh.
[3] on ny c hai cch dch:
a. Coi ch vn vt l ch t (sujet) (Xem James Legge, The Texts of
Taoism, tr. 96; Nghim Ton,o c kinh, tr. 11)
b. Coi ch thnh nhn l ch t (sujet) ch vn vt l tc t
(complment) (Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, tr. 19;
Nguyn duy Cn, o c Kinh, tr. 46); Duyvendak li cho cu ny
xung ni chng 51 (Xem J. J. L. Duyvendak, Tao To King, tr. 7, tr.
121). Ti theo cch th nht, v l ng t tc v sinh u l
nhng ng t khng c b t trc tip (complment direct).
[4] Wieger phn cu nh sau: Cng thnh nhi pht c. Ph duy pht c, th
d bt kh. Ti coi cu Cng thnh nhi pht c thuc vo cui cu 3.
James Legge cng lm nh vy.
[5] Dans le cycle, vie et mort schangent. Immortels, mortels, mortels
immortels; notre vie est leur mort, et notre mort est leur vie. (Abel
Jannire, La Pense dHraclite dphse, Aubier, Editions Montaigne,
1959, p. 80)
[6] Cest la mme chose dtre, ce qui est vivant et ce qui est mort, veill
ou endormi, jeune ou vieux, car par le changement ceci est cela, et par
changement cela est son tour ceci. (Ib. 80-81)
[7]... Grand cycle de la concentration et de la dconcentration de
lIdentique. (Ib.)
Lun pntre dans la multiplicit et la multiplicit nest quune forme de
lUnit, bien plus, elle est lUnit mme... (Ib. 91.)

[8] Si lhistoire nous apprend quelque chose, cest bien que les normes,
les valeurs et les principes varient considrablement dge en ge, de
socit en socit, et mme dune gnration lautre, dans la mme
socit. Des papes qui avaient t choisis pour leur savoir et leurs
vertus taient convaincus que la morale exigeait quils abattent les
hrsies par le fer et par le feu, par la cruaut et la torture; les
Europens du XVIe sicle ne se faisaient aucun scrupule de tuer les
Indiens, parce que les Indiens navait pas dme; des puritains doctes
et droits envoyaient sans broncher les sorcires la mort, et au XIXe
sicle, dans le Sud des Etats Unis les chrtiens considraient
lesclavage comme une bndiction. Henry Steele
Commager, Lhistorien et lhistoire, Nouveaux Horizons 1967, p. 149.
[9] Nam Hoa Kinh, chng 2, C.
[10] Ch ngn kh ngn, ch vi v vi , (Xung H chn
kinh, chng 2, J; Wieger, p. 94.)
[11] V vi nhi tn gi, thin o d , (Nam hoa kinh,
chng II, F; Wieger, p. 292.)
[12] V vi vi chi chi v Thin, v vi gi, vn vt chi bn d ,
. Nam hoa kinh, chng 12, B; Wieger, p. 294.)
[13] Ph h tnh, im m tch mch, v vi gi, vn vt chi bn d ,
, , , (Nam hoa kinh, chng 13, A; Wieger,
p. 302.)
[14] V vi phc phc, th tnh, bo thn , (Nam hoa
kinh, chng 12, K; Wieger, p. 302.)
[15] o thng v vi nhi v bt vi (o c kinh,
chng 37, A.)
[16] i chu nhp nh (Thin tin chnh l trc lun, tr. 36a.)
Hu vi gi tiu chu thin d; v vi gi i chu thin d
; (Thin tin chnh l trc lun , tr.
28a.)
[17] Ci tiu chu thin gi ha kh, i chu thin gi ha thn
, (Ib. 35a.)

[18] V vi tc Nit bn, Phn ng c tc vit Ban nit bn. Dch vi tch dit,
hoc bt sinh bt dit. La Thp tu Trung Quc cu danh, dch tc V
vi. [...] V vi gi ch t tnh thanh tnh chi tm, nguyn lai c tc, v to
tc tng. Pht kinh thng v tu v chng, tc ch th nhi ngn. Ch
yu b sinh dit tm dit liu, th tch dit tc hin tin. Ch tu hnh
h th, tc thng vn phi php phi phi php, lng bin bt th.
Tng phn bit vng tng tr tn phng kh ,
. , . , . [...]
, , . ,
. , . ,
, . (Giang V Nng c s di
trc, Kim cng kinh gii ngha, quyn 2, tr. 129.)
[19] Le terme Niwan (N hon) qui signifie littralement Pilule de Boue est
en ralit une transcription du mot sanscrit Nirvana. (Henry
Maspero, Le Taosme, p. 94 (Xem thm p. 19, 20, 92, 117, 141, 143.)
[20] i c Thch Chn Gim dch, Th lng nghim, Linh sn Pht hc
Nghin cu hi, tr. 243.
[21] Lopposition entre la connaissance et la foi so remne celle qui
existe entre larchipallium et le nopallium. -- Ernest
Aeppli, Psychologie du Conscient et de lInconscient, Payot Paris, 1953,
p. 19.
[22] Phm s hu tng giai th h vng (Kinh Kim
cng, Thch Thin Hoa dch, Hng o xut bn, 1967, tr. 101.
[23] Ib., tr. 102.
[24] Kinh Kim Cng, Thch Thin Hoa dch, Hng o xut bn, tr. 10.
[25] Nhc on L Bo Tnh, Cung thnh tng hp, 1963, tr. 70.
[26] Xung H chn kinh, chng 2, J.
[27] Nam hoa kinh, chng 12, B (Wieger, p. 294.)
[28] Xung H chn kinh, chng 4, E (Wieger, p. 120.)
[29] T vit: D dc v ngn. T Cng vit: T nh bt ngn, tc tiu t h
thut yn? T vit: Thin h ngn tai, t thi hnh yn, vn vt sinh
yn, thin h ngn tai? : . : ,

? : , , , ? (Lun ng, XVII,

18)
[30] T vit: Nguy nguy h! Thun V chi hu thin h d, nhi bt d yn
: ! , (Lun ng, VIII, 18)
[31] c thin h nhi bt d (Lun Ng)
[32] V s tng i ca cc cp mu thun, xin c thm: o c
kinh 20, D-36; A-40, A-58, B. Nam hoa kinh chng 2, C; 6, C.

CHNG 3
AN DN

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. , , , , .
. . , .
Phin m:
1. Bt thng hin, s dn bt tranh. Bt qu nan c chi ha, s dn
bt vi o. Bt kin kh dc, s dn tm bt lon.
2. Th d thnh nhn chi tr, h k tm, thc k phc,[1] nhc k ch,
cng k ct. Thng s dn v tri v dc. [2] S ph tr gi bt cm vi d.
3. Vi v vi, tc v bt tr.
Dch xui:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti, khin cho dn khng tranh. Khng qu
ca kh c, khin cho dn khng trm cp. Khng ph trng nhng g
kch thch lng ham mun, khin cho lng dn khng lon.
2. V vy php tr nc ca thnh nhn l lm cho dn: Trng lng; No
d; Yu ch; Mnh xng. Thng khin cho dn khng bit, khng ham.
Khin cho k tr khng dm lm g c.
3. Lm theo php V vi, thi khng g l khng tr.
Dch th:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti trn th,
Cho dn gian b l tranh ua,

Khng tham vt qu kh mua,

Cho dn ht thit i v ca ngi.
Mi v p bn ngoi chng thit,
Cho lng dn cao khit trong veo.
2. Tr dn hin thnh mun iu,
t ham, t mun, n nhiu ung no.
Bao t tng lm cho yu ht,
Nhng tht xng st thp khang cng. [3]
T m, c tng vn vng,
Dn ta ta gi cho thng v lo,
Khin ngi xo quyt mu c,
Sng trong cnh y kh m ra tay.
3. Sng khinh khot my may chng bn,
Thi mun iu ngang chng ht ngay.
BNH GING
Chng ny l mt trong nhng chng ca o c kinh bn v cch
tr dn theo Lo t. Vy trc khi bnh gii chng ny chng ta nn bit
i khi ch trng ca Lo t v Trang t v chnh tr.
Ch trng ca Lo t l mun cho dn tr li i sng thi thi c, v
thi bui y dn chng sng thun phc hn nhin, thun thin l, cha c
cht g l nhn vi ngy to.
Thi thi c y i khi l thi Tam Hong - Phc Hi, Thn Nng, Chc
Dung (khong 2800 trc k nguyn tr v trc) - hoc l thi trc na:
cng mc mc, cng th s cng tt.
Ta c th mn li Trang t ni trong thin Kh Khip , Nam Hoa
kinh m m t thi thi c y nh sau:
Thi thng c l thi o c,
Thi i nh, Lt Lc, Chc Dung,
Hin Vin, L Sc, Thn Nng,
Hch T, Thi Ho, Hong, Trung, Dung Thnh. [4]

Thi bui y thanh bnh an lc,

V chng dn thun phc ung dung.
Tht thng bn li m dng,
n ngon, mc p, cha tng xn xang.
Thi bui y ln bang gip cnh,
Ting g ku ch cn u nghe,
Tuy khng cch tr sn kh,
M khng tip xc i v vi nhau.
Thi bui y u u cng tr,
Sng yn bnh n th th thi. [5]
Gn y Ernest Aeppli, mt nh tm l hc u chu m t trng
thi ban s y ca nhn loi nh sau: Ngi ban s t ng chp, sng hn
nhin, thun theo thin l. V ng chp cn t oi, nn h sng hu nh ha
mnh vi on th, v chnh v th, trch nhim h cng c gim thiu
n mc ti a. Lc y, i sng tri thc h rt th s, nhng sc mnh v
thc h li hot ng rt mnh. Ngi thi bui vn minh ngy nay thng
c m trng thi y. H mun trt b trch nhim v mun thot n suy
t. H mun tr li tnh trng thin nhin, v h tng tng ra mt i
sng tin cnh, khi m con ngi cha n phi tri tri thc ng t. [6]
Lo t c m cho dn con sng li nhng ngy hong kim y. o
c kinh chng 80, Lo t vit:
Nc ta b nh dn tha,
Vi mi ti gii, ta cha h dng.
Dy dn s cht lm lng,
Cho nn dn chng vy vng phiu lu.
Xe kia thuyn n u hiu,
No ai mun ci, mun cho m chi.
Binh kia gip n ,
Chng ai d di ngh khoe, ngh by.
Dy dn tr li tht dy,

Sng i thun phc thng ngy tiu dao.

Cho dn n ung thanh tao,
Cho dn n mc bnh bao, chng chng.
Cho dn i sng bnh an,
Cho dn phong tc du dng p ti.
Lin bang no cch my mi,
G ku, ch cn i ni r rng.
Tuy rng gn gi tc gang,
Sut i dn chng no mng ti ni.
Lo t cng nh Trang u cho rng ngi xa vn c thin chn,
thin tnh ca mnh, v th nn sung sng hnh phc.
Ngy nay cc nh cm quyn v by v qu nhiu lut php, l nghi,
hnh thc, nn lm cho dn con mt thin chn thin tnh, ri chy
theo nhng vn minh, nhng kin thc kin vn gi to bn ngoi. Nhng
ci khng em li hnh phc, an bnh cho con ngi c; tri li
chng chnh l mm lon lc chia ly.
Trang t ch trng i khi nh sau ni thin M :
Ka thin h ung dung t ti,
Sng n s vui vi mung chim.
Sng i mc mc t nhin,
Thung dung cng o mt nim st son.
V u mi mn nhn nhc,
V u nn tan tc phn ly?
By ra nhn ngha m chi?
cho thin h suy vi tn phin.
G khng nt, sao nn c chn,
Ngc khng tan, sao vn chng khu.
o tan c nt ch,
Mi by ra c nhng b ngha nhn.
Lon nm sc, mi vn mi v,

Ri thanh m, by v n ca.
Ai lm o c xc x,
Lp ra nhn ngha vn v hi i.
Lp nghi l, hnh hi tri buc,
Lp ngha nhn, by chc i an.
Lng ngi v th ly tan,
Khn ngoan cng lm, gian ngoan cng nhiu. [7]
Trong thin Bin Mu , Trang t li vit i khi rng:
Vy ng c suy b v s,
ng chia phi qun t tiu nhn.
cng nh mt thin chn,
D phn bit ho, cng ngn y thi.
em thin tnh lm ti nhn ngha,
Gii S, Tng ta k nh khng.
V n m tn tc lng,
Du nhi c gii, ch hng ta khen.
em nh nhc o in tnh kh,
S Khong kia, no qu chi u.
Tnh Tri l thuc nm mu,
Ly Chu ta cng trc sau coi hn.
Ta sau trc ch khen o c,
Phc tnh tri, chng phc ngha nhn.
Thng minh chng ti kin vn,
M do tm c ct cn ca mnh.
B cn ct tng minh u na,
o Chch [8] kia cng la B Di,[9]
u l m ui, sn si,
u l thin lch c g khc u.
Nn ta chng tm cu nhn ngha,

Chng m mng dm t, o in,

Ct sao gi vn cn nguyn,
Tnh tri ct gi tinh truyn trc sau... [10]
V th cho nn theo Lo t, lm chnh tr l phi c phc hi trng thi
hn nhin nguyn thy y cho dn. Mun c vy i khi s:
1. Khng sng thng hin ti, dn ht tranh dnh.
2. Khng tham vt qu kh mua, kh chuc, dn ht trm cp.
3. Khng ng ngng n nhng v p bn ngoi, cho dn khi
lon.
4. Lo cho dn n ung no , sng mt i sng khe mnh. (Thc k
phc, cng k ct.)
5. Khng em kin vn kin thc dy dn. (Thng x dn v tr.)
6. Khng kch thch th hiu ca dn, cho lng dn khng bn ham
mun t dc, thanh thn hn nhin. (H k tm..., thng s dn v tri v
dc.)
7. Gi khng cho nhng ngi khn ngoan, tinh qui lng on tinh
thn dn, i sng dn.
8. Nh vy, dn s sng hn nhin, hnh phc, th lm khng lm m
vn lm c ht mi s, vn tr c ht mi s. (Vi v vi tc v bt vi.)
Trong thin Kh Khip , Trang T cng theo ch trng ca Lo t,
nhng trnh by ch trng y vi mt lun iu quyt lit hn nhiu.
ng vit i khi nh sau:
... Nn dt tnh, dt tnh vi tr,
Thi cp ngy s b li sinh.
Trm chu, m ngc tan tnh,
Ri ra trm cp lu manh ht lin.
Ph n tn, dn nn thun phc,
p u cn, dn gc ghen tung.
Ph tan thnh php, k cng,
Ri ra dn s rng ng ti lui.

Vt n so, bt tai S Khong,

Thi chng dn s sng tai ra.
Tung h mu sc vn hoa,
Cho m vn v, cho la Ly Chu. [11]
Hy hy hn giy, cu, khun, thc,
Tay Cng Thy [12] tm chc cht i.
S, Tng [13] ta hy khinh khi,
Bt mm Dng,[14] Mc,[15] bt i phin.
iu nhn ngha o in hy b,
B i ri, s r huyn ng.
Huyn ng l chnh thn thng,
Hp cng o c, thung dung vn ngh.
Ka Tng, S, Cng Thy, S Khong,
Hng Ly Chu hay hng Mc Dng.
u l nhn c ph trng,
Dc bu tinh ty, huynh hoang bn ngoi.
Chnh v vy gieo tai gieo ha,
Lon dn tnh, lon c nc non.
Tng l ch li ngn mun,
No ng in o, mi mn lng ai. [16]
Tm li, ch trng ca Lo t, chnh l khng can thip vo i sng
dn, khng em kin vn, kin thc dy dn. Ti sao?
a. V con ngi l mt ngh phm ti cao, khng c nho nn by
b. o c kinh chng 29 vit:
Nhng mun nn mun nho thin h,
Suy cho cng chng kh c no.
Lng ngi ngh phm ti cao.
Ai cho ta nn ta nho t do?
Lng ngi ai nm gi hoi,

Gi tay nn bp bao i tiu ma... [17]

b. V thnh nhn ch gip cho vn vt sng t nhin theo thin chn,
thin l m thi. o c kinh chng 64 vit:
Cho nn hin thnh trn i,
Ch say o c chi vi ngn trng.
Ca khan, vt him chng mong,
Ca i ngi t o bng m chi.
Hc l hc o siu vi,
Dy i lm lc hng i tuyt vi.
Gip ai thanh th ng tri,
Ch khng chc nc quy tri ung cng.
c. V em iu xo tr, em kin vn kin thc dy dn, l lm hi dn,
lm cho h tr nn xa o, xa tri, tr nn bt tr, ch khng lm li cho
h. o c kinh chng 65 vit:
Nn nhng k am tng o c,
Chng em iu xo tr dy dn,
Mun dn cht phc n thun... [18]
c thin Bin Mu ca Trang t ta cng thy r ch trng mc
cho dn sng theo t nhin ca o Lo. Trang t vit i khi nh sau:
Chn nhn bit nh chn thng,
Thng nhin, ch chnh am tng vn vi.
Cng v vy nn ch ngy to,
Ght nhng iu nh tro, ln sng.
Chn lin ngn chnh, bu sng,
y u c phi ca chung con ngi.
Cng mt l, hn hi cn mng,
Vi nhng iu m phm ngha nhn.
Cng l l nhc, gian trn,
y u c thuc chn tm con ngi.

Ka S Khong v vi t trc,
N Ly, Chu ho hc xim y,
S, Tng by chuyn l nghi,
Mc, Dng bin bc thi th trm khoanh.
Th u phi nhn tnh cht phc,
Ton l iu bi bc bn ngoi.
Le le c ngn l tri,
Hc kia di c cng thi t nhin.
Di hay ngn bt thm u kh,
Ph t nhin ph v lng ai.
Keo sn, qui c bn ngoi,
Chng qua v vu nht thi ch chi...
Bnh chng ny, Duvendak cho rng v phng din chnh tr, o
Lo phn vn ha.[19] Wieger cho rng Lo t mun cho dn chng tr
thnh nhng con vt sing nng cn c, d bo.[20] Nhng li ph bnh
nh vy hi qu ng, v thc ra Lo t mun iu hay cho dn, ch khng
mun iu d cho dn; mun cho dn sng yn vui ch khng mun li
dng dn.
Tr v li sng hn nhin nguyn thy, Lo Trang khng cho l phc
c, m l phc hi li sng thin nhin ca con ngi.
Phc c theo Lo trang c ngha l em p dng nhng chnh sch,
nhng l nghi, nhng php ca cc vua cha xa vo i sng dn
ngy nay. iu Lo cng nh Trang v nht l Trang khng h c sy.
Trang th cho rng l nghi php bin thin theo thi gian nn ngi
nay khng th theo php ngi xa.[21]
Chng ta ch c th nhn xt rng t khi Lo t ch xng nhng quan
im trn v chnh tr n nay, cha c mt triu i vua cha no Trung
Hoa dm em ra m p dng.
Chng nhng vua cha khng theo ni Lo t, m chnh ngay khi o
Lo cc thnh vo u i Tam Quc vi nhng nh lnh o ni ting nh
Trng L , Trng Gic , Trng Bo , Trng Lng ,
Trng Tu , vi nhng vng t ln lao c t di tm nh

hng nh vng Hn Trung, vi mt s gio dn ln lao, ta thy cc nh

lnh o tinh thn o Lo lc y cng hon ton i vo hu vi, hu tng
vi mt gio hi c h thng t chc, c nhiu loi cn b, c binh lc, c
l nghi, c kinh k, c ba ch, c ng gp, hi h, v.v. [22]
Xem th bit, mun em nhn loi ra khi tro lu lch s thc l
mt iu khng th lm c.

[1] Cu: H k tm, thc k phc nhiu ngi

thng tch ra, hng v pha tu dng. Sch ng du bt
tin vit: Php sng lu chng c l g, lng phi
trng m bng phi c. Chung Ly nguyn soi hi: Xin ng ct
ngha cho rnh. ng y ni: Trong lng ng lo vic g c,
cho th thi nh khng, y l trng lng. Cn ng theo vic
sc dc, dng tinh thn, nguyn kh chng hao, gi l c
bng. (tr. 27)
[2] Hoi Nam t (quyn 1, chng 11b) c mt on tng
t: Th c ch nhn chi tr d ym k thng minh, dit k vn
chng, y o, ph tr, d dn ng xut vu cng chnh, c k
s th, qu k s cu, kh k d m, tr k th dc, tn k t
l. , , , ,
, , , , , .
[3] Trc kia ti dch my cu ny theo xu hng tu dng nh
sau:
Li ng hin thnh kh theo,
Rnh rang nim tc, cht chiu nim tri.
B ham mun thnh thi hn phch,
Lo ti bi ct cch thin lng.
Lu Nht Minh trong Chu Dch Xin Chn ,
chng Vn Vng Hu Thin Bt Qui , cng
gii nh vy.
[4] Thi Ho = Phc Hi . Hong = B Hong .
Trung = Trung ng . i nh , Lt Lc , Chc
Dung , Hin Vin , Ly Sc , Thn Nng , Phc

Hi , Hch T , B Hong , Trung ng , Dung

Thnh .
[5] Nam hoa kinh, chng 10, Kh khip , on C.
[6] Lhomme trs peu conscient de lui-mme qui ne se dirige pas
dans la vie par ses propres initiatives conscientes, le primitif,
enfant de la nature, vit en harmonie inconsciente avec les
archtypes. Son moi est cependant trs rduit, de telle sorte
que toute son individualit nest pas diffrencie de la
collectivit. Sa responsabilit en est diminue pour autant.
Cest vers cet tat, alors que les forces du moi sont trs
rduites alors que celles de linconscient sont trs importantes,
que tend souvant la nostalgie de lhomme civilis. Il voudrait
se librer de ses responsabilits et-dit-il, ne plus tre oblig de
penser. Il voudrait retourner la nature et il imagine une
existence paradisiaque dans laquelle il na pas mordu encore
au fruit amer de la connaissance. Ernest Aeppli, Psychologie
du Conscient et de lInconscient, Payot Paris, 1953, p. 60.
[7] Xem Nam hoa kinh, chng IX, C, D.
[8] o Chch: Tn mt ngi n trm ni ting.
[9] Tn mt ngi hin cui i n. B Di v em l Thc T khng
thn phc nh Chu, nhn i cho n cht ni Th Dng.
[10] Nam hoa kinh, chng VIII, Bin mu , C, v D.
[11] Ly Chu : tn ngi th v ngh ra vn v, trang
hong.
[12] Cng Thy : tn ca mt ngi gii v l nhc.
[13] S , Tng : S Thu v Tng Sm , tn hai ngi
gii v l, nhc.
[14] Dng: Dng Chu , trit gia thi Xun thu.
[15] Mc: Mc ch , trit gia thi Xun thu.
[16] Nam hoa kinh, chng X, Kh khip, B.
[17] Xem thm Nam hoa kinh, chng XI, Ti hu, B.

[18] C chi thin vi o gi, phi d minh dn, tng d ngu chi
.
[19] Dans son application politique, le Taosme est donc anticulturel. Duvendak, Tao To King, Adrien Maisonneuse, 1953, p.
9.
[20] Faites des hommes, des btes de travail productives et
dociles, veillez ce que, bien repus, ils ne pensent pas, ne
sachant rien, les hommes nauront pas denvies, ne coteront
pas de surveillance, et rapporteront ltat. -- Lon
Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, Cathasia, 1950, p. 20,
commentaires.
[21] Cf. Nam hoa kinh, chng XIV, Thin vn , D.
[22] Xem Henri Maspero, Le Taosme, Civilisation du Sud S. A. E. P.
Paris, 1950, p. 149-184.
CHNG 4
V NGUYN

Hn vn:

. . , , ,
. . . .
Phin m:
1. o xung [1] nhi dng chi hoc [2] bt doanh. [3]
2. Uyn [4] h t vn vt chi tng. [5]
3. Ta [6] k nhu,[7] gii k phn,[8] ha k quang, ng k trn.
4. Trm h [9] t hoc tn. [10]
5. Ng bt tri thy chi t. Tng [11] chi tin. [12]
Dch xui:
1. o rng khng m dng khng ht.
2. o su xa man mc ta h nh l t tng vn vt.
3. Lm nht bn nhn, tho g ri rm, pha trn nh sng, ha mnh
cng bi rm.

4. Trong tro thay, ta h trng tn.

5. Ta khng bit o con ai; hnh nh c trc Thin .
Dch th:
A. Dch cch th nht:
1. o khng h dng mun i khng cn,
2. Su ngn trng, sinh ngn vn chng sinh.
3. Du su sc, g cho ht mi manh,
Pha nh sng ha mnh cng trn cu.
4. Nhng trong tro, mun i khng nh du,
5. Ta chng hay, ngi sinh xut t u,
Trc Thin , (trc mun ngn hin tng).
B. Dch cch th hai:
1. o vi, dng mi khng vi,
2. Thm su, tng t mun loi th sinh.
3. Lm ty mi nhn (cho tnh),
G tung ri rm, (qun sinh ha hi).
Sng mnh pha sng mun loi,
Ha mnh cng vi trn ai mi l.
4. Th nhng trong (ngc) trng (ng),
Mun i vn chng cht l h hao.
5. Con ai ta bit u no,
Trc ngi Thin , t bao lu ri.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li bn lun v o. o vt tm tri thc ca ta.
1. o huyn linh cao diu, tng nh l h khng, trng rng m
dng chng bao gi vi, chng bao gi ht.
2. o su man mc, sinh xut ra v tr qun sinh.

3. Chng nhng th, o li cn lun lng trong vn hu (immanence).

Mun vy, o du ht sc bn, b mi phin tp, ha nh sng cng
vn hu, ng ha mnh vi s thp hn ca vn hu.
4. Tuy nhin, o vn lun trong tro, vn vnh vin trng tn, t
nhin t ti.
5. Khng th bit o sinh xut t u. C l o c trc Thng
.
V vy m H Thng Cng t tn chng ny l V nguyn (Khng
u ci).
Lo t lun lun t ra d dt khi bn lun v o. Chng ny ngi
dng: hai ch t (ta h); hai ch hoc ch nghi ng, khng quyt
on); mt ch bt tri . Nh vy Lo t t ra rt khim tn khng h
dm quyt on g v o, m ton l phng on.
Chng ny ch c ni: (1) o v bin t, v cng tn; (2) o l
cn nguyn vn hu; (3) o hng lng trong vn hu; (4) o c trc
mi hin tng.
Trang t, ni chng i tng s, c mt on bnh v o cng na n
chng ny ca Lo t. i khi nh sau:
o thi hu tn, hu tnh,
V vi m li v hnh mi hay.
D truyn, kh bt l thay,
Gi thi gi c, trng ry hn khng.
T sinh, t bn v cng,
C t tri t cn khng c g.
Sinh tri, sinh t ra uy,
Qu thn u cng l ty s do.
Cao cao v tn khn d,
Cao hn Thi cc vn cho l thng.
Thm su, su my ngn mun,
Su hn v tr, m nhng khng hay.
Lu lai no k thng ngy,

Trc tri trc t, lu ny lu chi.

Sng t mun th vn y,
Ngn mun tui th g gi nua.
Hi Vi, Hong , Kin Ng,
Kham Phi, Chuyn Hc nh thn thng.
o tri soi sng ci lng,
Mi thnh thn thnh, sng cng tri my.
Lo Bnh, Ph Duyt nh tay,
Ngung Cng, Vng Mu may thay c ngi.
Mi nn thn thnh tuyt vi,
Ng cung Thiu Qung, chi ni Ngn H.
Bit bao th ln c t,
Hai vng nht nguyt khn qua o Tri.
Ka nh Bc u thnh thi,
Cng nh o c, mi ngi cu trng.
o Tri ngm thc v cng,
Bao nhiu quyn php thn thng nhim mu. [13]
A. Ni rng o v bin th, o l tng t vn hu th l mt
chuyn d ni, o gia no cng ni c nh vy. Hoi Nam t
cng vit: Lc cn l ton th, thi nh l thun phc, lc pht
tn, thi y nh l c ngu; c ri dn dn li trong, vi ri dn dn li
y, lng l nh vc su, ph pht nh my ni; ta nh khng m vn c,
ta nh mt m vn cn, tt c vn vt, vn s u pht xut t mt ca
o.[14]
B. Cn nh ni rng o lng trong vn hu, th ch nhng bc chn s
mi dm ni. Lo t xng ch trng ny ni chng ny. Trang t
cng long trng ch trng nh vy trong thin Tri Bc du, on F, khi
ng i thoi vi ng Quch t. Wieger dch rt thot phn kt on
y nh sau: Xin ng hi o trong y hay . o trong lng vn
vt. V th ngi ta mi gi o l ln, l tuyt lun, l ton bch, l ph

qut, l vin mn. Tt c nhng t ng u p dng cho mt thc th

duy nht l Bn th v tr.[15]
Lo t ch trng o c trc mi hin tng; ni chng 25, o
c kinh, ta thy vit:
C mt vt an nhin t hu,
Trc t tri vnh cu, t thnh.
Tch liu, vng ngt vng tanh,
Mt mnh mnh bit, mt mnh mnh hay.
Mun vn chng cht i thay,
y quanh khp, y chng chn.
Sinh mun vt m mun thin h,
Tnh danh ngi ta h bit sao,
Tn ngi phi gi th no,
Gi liu l o, gi o l To.
V qu to nn xa thm thm,
Thm thm xa m vn gn k,
o to, to ln mun b...
Cu Tng chi tin ny lm in u cc nh bnh
gii chu u, v i vi chu u Thng l tuyt i, l rt ro ri, th
sao li c th ni c rng o c trc Thng . Thc ra vn ny
cng d bnh gii, nu chng ta nhn nh rng cc nh huyn hc trong
c Lo t, u chp nhn rng: Tuyt i c hai phng din:
V : Tuyt i cha hin dng; Hu : Tuyt i hin dng.
Tuyt i cha hin dng, Lo t gi l V hay l o . Tuyt i
hin dng, Lo t gi l Hu hay l . Nh vy ni rng o c
trc Thng thc ra cng khng sai quy g. Chu u thc ra cng
c quan nim ny t lu i.
Xa Hsiode (th k 8 trc cng nguyn) c ln nhc ti. i vi
Hsiode Hng mng khng phi l h v tuyt i m l mt ci g v
nh v bt kh t ngh c trc tri t v thn minh. [16]

V li, t ng chu u cng c nhng

ch: Godhead v God; Deit v Dieu. Cng nh B la mn c
ch: Brahma v Brahman.
Ramakrishna cng ni: Khi ta ngh n thc th ti cao di hnh
thc thi tnh (Nishkriya) ta gi Ngi l Thng siu vit tuyt
i (Shuddha Brahman), cn khi ta ngh n Ngi di hnh thc hot
ng, to dng, gn gi hay hy hoi, ta gi Ngi l Shakti hay Thng
hu ng. [17]
Tm li, theo ti, phn tuyt i thnh V , Hu , hay Hu ng ,
V ng , ch l nhng phn bit ca gian trn. Sau trc cng ch c
mt Tuyt i. l iu m ti ch trng trong tp V cc lun
.
[1] Xung : rng, trng khng. Hoi Nam t (tr. 11b) c cu: Xung
nhi t doanh .
[2] Hoc : Duyvendak gii: rng nhng t t li y, i thnh ch cu
.
[3] Doanh : y, khng ht. (Cao Hanh gii)
[4] Uyn : 1. vc; 2. su.
[5] Tng : tng t; gc.
[6] Ta : b.
[7] Nhu : nhn.
[8] Phn : ri rt, ri rm.
[9] Trm : 1. su; 2. trong.
[10] Hoc tn : Duyvendak sa l cu tn (bn vng, lu di).
[11] Tng : hnh nh (Cf. Legge).
[12] : Vng Bt gii l Thin . Legge, Wieger u gii
l Thng .
[13] Cf. Trang T Nam hoa kinh , chng 6, i tng s ,
D.
[14] Cf. Hoi Nam t , tr. 11b. T b b yu : K ton d
thun h nhc phc, k tn d hn h nhc trc. Trc nhi t thanh,

sung nhi t doanh, m h k nhc thm uyn, tn h k nhc ph

vn. Nhc v nh hu, nhc vong nhi tn. Vn vt chi tng giai duyt
nht khng, bch s chi cn giai xut nht mn. ,
. , , , .
, . , .
[15] Ne demandez pas si le Principe est dans ceci ou dans cela. Il est
dans tous les tres. Cest pour cela quon lui donne les pithtes de
Grand, de suprme, dentier, duniversel, de total. Tous ces termes
diffrents, sappliquent une seule et mme ralit, lunit
cosmique. Cf. Wieger, Les pres du systme Taoste, Tchouang Tzeu,
chap. 22, F, p. 395.
Cu Ta k nhu, gii k phn, ha k quang, ng k trn s cn
c thy ni chng 56, v Duyvendak em on ny xung ni
chng 56, theo li M T Lun v Trn T. Nhng lm nh vy, mc
nhin b i mt mt nhn xt ti quan trng v o, l nhn
xt: o chng xa la vn hu.
[16] Le mythe la fois thogonique et cosmogonique t repris, on le
sait, par Hsiode. Le Chaos, rptons-le, nest pas exactement le nant
absolu, cest quelque chose dindtermin et dindfinissable qui
prcde ltre au monde et des dieux. -- Claude Tresmontant, P. E. D.
p. 76.
[17] Quand on pense ltre suprme sous son aspect inactif (nishkriya),
on le nomme Dieu absolu (Shuddha-Brahman) et quand on le
reprsente sous son aspect actif et crant, soutenant et dtruisant, on
le nomme Shakti ou divinit personnelle. -- LEnseignement de
Ramakrishna, p. 475.

CHNG 5
H DNG

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. , . , .
Phin m:

1. Thin a bt nhn, d vn vt vi s cu. [1]

2. Thnh nhn bt nhn, d bch tnh vi s cu.
3. Thin a chi gian,[2] k do thc thc [3] h.
4. H nhi bt khut,[4] ng chi d xut.
5. a ngn s cng, bt nh th trung. [5]
Dch xui:
1. Tri t khng c lng nhn, coi bch tnh nh ch rm.
2. Thnh nhn khng c lng nhn, coi bch tnh nh ch rm.
3. Khong tri t ging nh ng b. Trng khng m khng hao kit,
cng ng, hi cng ra.
4. Ni nhiu cng chng ht, th gi ly Trung.
Dch th:
1. t tri chng c lng nhn,
M xem vn vt in tm ch rm.
2. Thnh nhn chng c lng nhn,
M xem bch tnh in tm ch rm.
3. Kin khn m ng khn lng,
Trng nhng mi mi l ngun ha sinh.
4. Th rng m p o mnh,
Cn hn vt v thuyt minh sut i.
BNH GING
Chng ny bnh v s hot ng ca o, ca tri t.
1. Thin a bt nhn
Tri t i vi vn vt ch cng v t, khng h c s thin t, thin
v. Vn vt trong tri t ny u c chi phi bng nhng nh lut vnh
cu, chnh v vy mi trng tn. Ma xun vn vt sinh si, hoa c ua
ti, kh hu m m, lc y khng phi l tri t c lng thng hn;
ma ng khi sng sa tuyt ph, l rng hoa ri, ma phn gi bc, lc
y khng phi l tri t mang d on hn, m chnh l v chu k bin dch
to nn nhng hnh thi nh vy.

Tri t cu mang, sinh trng, che ch vn vt nh vy, khng phi

bng lng nhn tm thng ca nhn th, m bng mt lng nhn siu
vit. V siu vit nn ngi ta li cho l tri t bt nhn.
Trang t trong thin i tng s, dng Ha Do m bnh v o nh
sau: Thy ta hi, Thy ta hi (o), Thy sp t vn vt m khng cho
th l lm ngha; ri n trch khp mun i m khng cho th l nhn;
c t trc i thng c, m khng cho th l gi! Che ch tri t, chm
tr hnh hi, m khng cho th l kho. Ta hot ng trong Ngi vy! [6]
Cng v c lng nhn siu vit nh vy, nn khng thng loi no,
hn loi no v loi no hn loi no. Trong Xung H chn kinh c chp:
in th nc T nh c gi t, mi thc khch c thi ngn ngi. C
mt ngi khch em biu c vng v ngng tri. in th trng thy, lin
ni: Tri i vi con ngi tht l hu h. Chng nhng sinh ra la go,
li cn sinh ra chim, c cho con ngi dng. Cc thc khch u ng
thanh hng ng. Duy c con ng Bo th, mi mi hai tui, tin ra v ni
vi in th rng: iu ng va ni khng ng. Tri t mun vt v
ta u l cc loi nh nhau, chng c hn km. Cc loi khn, cc loi
mnh, n tht cc loi ngu, cc loi yu, ch chng phi loi ny v loi kia
m sinh ra. Ngi bt loi vt m n tht, ch u phi tri vn v ngi
m sinh vt. Cng nh mui, mng ht mu ngi, h lang n tht, nhng
khng phi l tri v mui mng m sinh ra ngi, v h lang m sinh ra
tht.[7]
D vn vt vi s cu
Cho nn i vi t tri, khng c loi no tuyt i l trng, loi no
tuyt i l khinh; m khinh trng u l tng i, u l ty theo thi
gian, khng gian, nhu cu, cng dng nht thi. Y nh con ch c trc khi
hnh l, th c nng niu, qu bu; sau khi hnh l ri, th b vt ra ng,
cho mi ngi mc tnh ch p. [8]
Tht ng l:
C thi c t my may,
Khng thi c th gian ny cng khng.
2. Thnh nhn bt nhn, d bch tnh vi s cu ,

Thnh nhn theo gng t tri, cng sng vt ln trn lng nhn
tm thng ca chng nhn, khng thng k ny m b k kia, khng
trng y khinh , nhng sng thun theo thi gian, hon cnh, ha mnh
cng mun vt.
3. Thin a chi gian, do thc thc h. H nhi bt khut ng nhi d
xut
y Lo t li tip tc ni n ci diu dng ca tri t. Tri t y
nh l h khng, m cng dng li cng c, h ht li c, h vi li y,
chng khc g nh ci b th rn; yn th khng c hi, nhng h ko,
th hi sinh ra mi khng bao gi ht.
4. a ngn s cng, bt nh th trung ,
Bn v o cn chi phi nhiu li, v:
Nht ngn kh d i ng,

Bn c kh d thng huyn.

(Mt li gic ng,

Na cu thu huyn.)
Th trung bo nht. (Nm gi chn tm, m p i nht),
th l ri, cn chi phi bn bc cho nhiu.

[1] S cu : ch c, ch rm. Xa, ngi ta bn c, rm thnh

ch, dng khi t l; trc khi dng n, ngi ta qu bu
cht chiu; khi l xong ri, ngi ta em vt b. (Xem Nam hoa
kinh, chng 14, D.)
[2] Thin a chi gian : c bn chp l thin a chi mn
.
[3] Thc thc : ng b th rn. N gm hai phn: mt ng
trn bn ngoi (thc), mt nng tht sinh gi bn trong
(thc).
[4] Khut : ht, hao kit.
[5] Trung : y tc l o.

[6] Nam hoa kinh, chng VI, i tng s , on I.

[7] Lit t , Xung H chn kinh , chng VIII, on Y.
[8] Xem Nam hoa kinh, chng 14, Thin vn , on D.
CHNG 6
THNH TNG

Hn vn:

. , . .
.
Phin m:
1. Cc thn [1] bt t th v Huyn tn. [2]
2. Huyn tn chi mn th v thin a cn.
3. Min min [3] nhc tn. Dng chi bt cn. [4]
Dch xui:
1. Cc thn bt t, l Huyn tn.
2. Ca Huyn tn chnh l gc r tri t.
3. Min man trng tn, dng khng bao gi ht.
Dch th:
Tri bt t, trng sinh bt t,
Ca trng sinh l ca cn khn. [5]
Min man mun kip vn cn,
Mun nghn bin o m tung tr tr.
BNH GING
Chng su ny thc ra rt gin d; i rng: o hay Cc thn
trng sinh bt t l cnh ca kin (Huyn ) khn (tn ) l
gc gc, cn c ca t tri. l mt ngun sinh tung ta v cng v
tn, dng mi chng h vi.
Chng ny c cc o gia c bit khai thc p dng vo
phng php tu thn, luyn n, cu o, i tm trng sinh bt t. Chnh
v vy m ta cn kho cu chng ny cho thu o.

A. Cc thn l g?
Tin hc t in gii: Cc l h ; thn l linh gic .
Php luyn n ly h linh bt mui lm cn bn . Nn
Cc thn chnh l Khng linh chi nguyn thn .[6]
Lu Nht Minh trong quyn Chu dch xin chn minh
nh rng: Cc thn chnh l: Thi cc theo Nho gio; Vin gic
theo Pht gio; Kim an theo Lo gio.
Cc, bn trn ca Dch, thi vo im trng khng gia;
bn vung ca Dch thi ni tm im ch thp; ni con ngi thi
ch t tng ha hp. Thn, bn trn ca Dch thi ni Kin Khn
tng giao; bn vung ca Dch thi ni hai cnh ch thp giao tip
nhau; ni con ngi, thi ni t tng ng tnh. [... ] C nhn gi l
Sinh mn, t h , To ha l m dng h .
Nho gia gi l o ngha chi mn . Pht gia gi l bt nh php
mn . o gia gi l Chng diu chi mn . Cng c th
gi chung l Gi c .[7]
Lu Nht Minh cng cn cho rng: Cc thn hay Nguyn tn
[8] (Huyn tn ) cng ch l mt. [9]
Bch t cho rng: u con ngi c chn cung, cung chnh gia
l Cc thn. Thn thng trong hang ng ca mnh ban ngy tip xc
vi vt, m ti tip xc vi mng, v th khng yn ni chn
c. [10]
Nh vy Cc thn chnh l ni n hon cung, v N hon chnh l
Bn cung ca Thn trong con ngi. [11]
B. Huyn tn l g?
Lo t cho rng Huyn tn chnh l Cc thn: Cc thn bt t, th v
huyn tn.
Cc dch gi chu u thng dch l: la Femelle
obscure (Duyvendak); la mre mystrieuse (Wieger);the Female
mystery (J. Legge), v. v...
Nhng kho cu o gia ta thy: Huyn tn chnh l Thi cc, l ni
m dng hp nht, kin khn giao thi, v th Lu Nht Minh mi ni:
Huyn tn tng giao, lng tri, lng nng hn thnh v ngi, kim an

ngng kt. Danh vit: Cc thn, hu danh Thnh thai.

. : [12] Sch Kim an i thnh
tp vit: Huyn tn l g? p vit: trn l Huyn, di l Tn. Mt
khiu Huyn quan pha tri l Huyn, pha phi l Tn. [13]
V th cc nh luyn n mi cho rng:
Yu c Cc thn trng bt t,
Tu bng Huyn tn lp cn c. [14]
.
Ni nm na rng: Mun c o, mun trng sinh bt t, phi bit
phi hp Huyn tn, ngha l phi hp m dng, phi hp nhn tm vi
o tm, phi hp Thn, Hn.
M + DNG = THI CC
TN + HUYN = O
NHN TM + O TM = CC THN
HN + THN
M ni phi hp chnh l N hon cung chnh gia u no
con ngi (Huyn quan nht khiu , Huyn tn , Thng an
in ).
Chnh v th m Huyn tn cn c gi l: Hunh phng , Thn
tht , Kim nh , Ngc l , Huyn quan , Chn th ,
Ngn ngc [15]
Sch Thng thin b th c c mt chng ni v Huyn tn.
i loi Huyn tn l:
Thi h chi cc
To ha chi nguyn
Hn n chi cn
Thi cc chi
H v chi h
Qui cn khiu
Phc mnh quan
Mu k mn

Hong trung cung

an nguyn ph
Chn nht x
Hunh b x
Chu sa nh
Long h huyt
Qui trung

Trung (trung im vng Dch), v. v... [16]

C. Huyn tn chi mn, th v thin a cn.

Bit c Cc thn, bit c Huyn tn chi mn, tc l bit c gc

gc, cn c ca tri t, vn vt. Chng nhng th cn bit c cn c,
gc gc ca con ngi. Bit c cn c, gc gc, tc l bit c ni chn
tr v, v th trn ni Huyn tn chi mn cng chnh l: Qui cn khiu,
Phc mnh quan.
Sch Kim an i thnh tp vit: Gi c chn nht Thin cc (N
hon) kh vo c Huyn quan, tc l t ti Bn lai thin chn. [17]
t ti Cn nguyn tc l tm ra c Bn lai din mc
. [18] Bit c Huyn tn chi mn, tc l bit ch luyn an, bit ni
ngng kt thnh thai.
Sch Thng thin b th vit: trong con ngi c mt khiu gi l
Huyn tn... Huyt ny l gc gc cn c cho khoa luyn an, hon phn;
l ni thn tin ngng kt thnh thai. [19]
D. Bit c l c To ha ri, bit c Chn th ca o ri th thy
mi s u vnh cu.
T bin chuyn nhn ra tri t,
Th t tri chp mt qua.
T trong vnh cu nhn ra,
Mun loi mun vt nh ta, v cng. [20]

[1] Cc thn : cc dch gi chu u thng dch Cc thn l lEsprit de

la Valle, nh vy khng c ngha g. Wieger dch l: La puissance
expansive transcendante qui rside dans lespace mdian, khng sai
nhng di dng qu.
[2] Huyn tn : nn hiu Huyn l dng, tn l m, v Huyn tn
Thi cc ni m dng hp nht.
[3] Min min : di dng dc.
[4] Cn : ht.
[5] Ng chn thin vn:
Yu c Cc thn trng bt t

Tu bng Huyn tn lp cn ky

Chn tinh k phn hunh kim c

Nht kha minh chu vnh bt ly.

[6] i Nguyn Trng , Tin Hc t in , tr. 89: Cc gi

h d, thn gi linh gic d, an php d h linh bt mui vi bn, th
cc thn gi, ni khng linh chi nguyn thn d. ,
, , , .
[7] Xem Lu Nht Minh, Chu dch xin chn, tr. 11. Th cc d, ti vin
tc Kin Khn trung h x th, ti phng vin tc thp t trung phn
x th, ti nhn thn tc t tng ho hp x th. Th thn d, ti vin
tc Kin Khn giao i x th, ti phng vin tc thp t giao tip
x th, ti nhn thn tc t tng ng tnh x th. [...] C nhn hiu
vit sinh mn t h, hu vit to ho l, m dng l; Nho vit o
ngha chi mn; Thch vit bt nh php mn; o vit chng diu chi
mn. Tng nhi ngn chi vit Gi c nhi d. ,
, , . ,
, , .
[...] , , ; ;
; . . (xem Tin Thin
Phng Vin ; n bnChu Dch Xin Chn, Ty An
Trung Quc, 1995, tr. 25-26.)
[8] Huyn tn t i nh Thanh c ci l Nguyn tn trnh
tn hy nh vua.

[9] Xem Lu Nht Minh, Chu Dch Xin Chn, tr. 9: S vn cc thn bt t,
th v nguyn tn, nguyn tn chi mn, th v thin a cn d.
(Bn Ty An 1995, tr.
25)
[10] Bch t vit: Nhn chi u hu cu cung, trung nht cung danh vit
Cc thn. Thn thng c k cc, nht tc tip vt, d tc tip
mng, bt nng an nh k c d. :
. Tin hc
t in, mc t Cc thn, tr. 89.
[11] N hon thn chi bn cung (Thi Hi Phm ,
Nhp dc knh , tr. 10b.)
[12] Lu Nht Minh, Chu dch xin chn, cc hnh tr. 9. Nh vy Huyn
l dng, Tn l m.
[13] Kim an i thnh tp , chng 4a.
[14] Xem Chu dch xin chn, tr. 9a.
[15] Ch vit: Hunh phng, Thn tht d, Kim nh d; Ngc l d; Huyn
quan d; Chn th d; Ngn ngc d... :
Thi Hi Phm,Nhp dc knh, tr. 4b.
[16] Thng thin b th , quyn 4, tr. 9b.
[17] Vn: Thi t hm chn. p vit: Th chn Thin cc, kh nhp
Huyn quan, tc t bn lai Thin chn : :
. Kim an i thnh tp, tr. 6b.
[18] ng kin bn lai din mc, chng trit v thng cn nguyn
.Xng o chn ngn , quyn 1, tr. 2b.
[19] Ph thn trung nht khiu danh vit Huyn tn. Th huyt ni kim
an hon phn chi cn; thn tin ngng kt thnh thai chi a.
. ; Thng
thin b th, quyn 4, tr. 9b.
[20] Ci tng t k bin gi nhi quan chi, tc thin a tng bt nng d
nht thun; t k bt bin gi nhi quan chi, tc vt d ng giai v tn
d. ;
. T ng Pha , Tin Xch bch ph .

Xem bi ph Tin Xch bch ca T Thc , bn dch Nguyn Vn

Th, tp ch Vn n, nm th 3, b 3, s 41, ngy 9 n 15. 8. 1962.

CHNG 7
THAO QUANG [1]

Hn vn:

. , , .
, . ? .
Phin m:
1. Thin trng, a cu. Thin a s d nng trng th cu gi, d k
bt t sinh, c nng trng sinh.
2. Th d thnh nhn, hu k thn nhi thn tin, ngoi k thn nhi thn
tn.
3. Phi d k v t da? C nng thnh k t.
Dch xui:
Tri di, t lu. Tri t s d di lu chnh v khng sng cho mnh, v
th nn trng sinh.
V vy thnh nhn thn ra sau m thn trc; thn ra ngoi
m thn cn.
Phi chng v khng ring ty, nn vn thnh c ci ring ty?
Dch th:
Tri t bn, khng v mnh sng,
R tm thn, hin thnh vinh danh.
Khinh thn, chng x chi mnh,
V t nn mi hon thnh ring t.
BNH GING
Chng ny dy ta hai bi hc trng i:
1. Bt chc t tri m hnh s.
2. Sng mt cuc i v ng, v k, ch cng, v t.

1. Lo t ch trng: Thnh nhn phi bit noi gng tri t m hnh

s. Ch trng ny cng chnh l ch trng ca kinh Dch.
Dch kinh vit: Thin thy tng, hin ct hung, thnh nhn
tng chi. (Tri sinh hin tng, cho bit hay d,
thnh nhn trng m bt chc.) [2]
Nu chng ta nhn vo thin nhin, vo v tr m tm ra nhng bi
hc lun l tim n trong mi hin tng, th tri t i vi ta s tr
thnh mt cun sch v i.
2. Lo t cng dy cho ta bi hc v ng, v k. Lo t cho rng tri
t trng cu chnh l v khng c lng t tm, t k, hng lng trong
vn vt chng h la xa,[3] sinh dng vn vt chng h b st vt no.[4]
Cng mt l nu thnh nhn, ch lo li lc ring t ca mnh, th ch
mua on chuc su, m chng thnh tu c cng trnh chi to tt.
Mun trng cu, cn phi bit qun mnh. Qun mnh tc l r b ht
tiu k, tiu ng, ha mnh vi i ng:
Tng Long Uyn cho rng: Thnh nhn coi o c l gc, coi o thn
l ngn, khng cu vinh hin cho mnh.[5]
Trang t vit: Ch nhn v k .[6]
Li vit: Ch c th tn tng bc ch nhn rng: Ngi hp nht vi
i ng, v khng cn ci mnh nh nhoi na.[7]
khng cn ci mnh nh nhoi, tc l th hin c i ng. Th
hin c i ng tc l nhp Nit bn, theo t ng Pht gio.[8]
Thnh nhn v khng cn lng t k, nn ly lng ngi lm lng mnh,
khng cn tranh chp. Chnh v th m tn ti cng vi thi gian, chnh v
th m nhng ci g ring t ca mnh cng chng mt.
Lu T , tc gi quyn Bch thoi dch gii Lo t k mt truyn
rt d dm sau y gii thch cu Phi d k v t da, c nng thnh k
t ? : Cng Nghi Hu lm tng nc L, tnh
rt thch c. C nc dng c. Cng Nghi khng nhn. t trch: Thy
thch c, m khng nhn c, v sao? - Cng Nghi ni: Chnh v thch c,
m khng nhn c. Nu nhn c s mt chc tng quc, du thch c,
cng khng th cung cp c cho mnh. Khng nhn c, thi cn chc
tng quc, v th nn vn c c n lu di... [9]

o c kinh, chng 66, cng vit:

Sng bin kia c sao m trng,
Nc mun khe thao tng v u?
Bin sng v thp v su,
Cho nn mi c ng u mun khe.
Mun cao c, ngi che nhn th,
Phi h mnh, nh nh khim cung.
Cm u phi n sau lng,
Mnh sau, ngi trc ch ng kiu cng.
Cho nn nhng nhn qun thnh ,
trn dn, dn nh nh khng.
Trc dn, dn vn nc lng,
(Ngi tung k hng, nh rng gp my).
D vn chng toan bi tranh chp,
Th cho nn chng gp u tranh.

[1] Thao quang : che giu bt nh sng.

[2] H t thng, chng 11.
[3] Th vn vt nhi bt kh di . o c kinh
ging ngha , tr. 10b.
[4] Sinh vn vt nhi bt qu . ib. 10b.
[5] D o c vi bn, d o [huyn] thn vi mt, bt cu vinh hin
nht thn , , (o
c kinh ging ngha, tr. 10)
[6] Nam hoa kinh, I, T vt lun, C.
[7] Lun tng hnh khu, hp h i ng. i ng nhi v k.
, . . Cf. Wieger, Les pres du systme
Taoste, Tchoang Tzeu, chap. 11, E. p. 291-293.
[8] Hu i ng c, danh i Nit bn. Nit
bn kinh.

[9] Lu T, Bch thoi dch gii Lo t, tr. 16.

CHNG 8
D TNH [1]

Hn vn:

. , , .
, , , , , , . ,
.
Phin m:
Thng thin nhc thy.
Thy thin li vn vt nhi bt tranh, x chng nhn chi s , c
c [2] o.
C thin [3] a, tm thin uyn, d [4] thin nhn, ngn thin tn,
chnh thin tr, s thin nng, ng thin thi.
Ph duy bt tranh, c v vu. [5]
Dch xui:
Bc trn lnh ging nh nc.
Nc kho lm ch cho mun loi m khng tranh ginh, ch mi
ngi u ght, cho nn gn o.
th la ni chn; tm hn thi thm trm su sc; giao tip vi ngi
mt mc nhn i; ni nng thnh tn; lm chnh thi tr bnh; lm vic thi
c kh nng; hot ng c x hp thi.
Chnh v khng tranh, nn khng ai ch trch on thn.
Dch th:
1. Ngi trn ho ging in ln nc,
2. Nui mun loi chng cht cnh tranh.
ni nhn th r khinh,
Nn cng o c mc tnh thnh thi.
3. Ngi trn ho, chn ni n ,
Lng trong veo, c gi c nhn.

Nhng l thnh tn ni nng,

Ra ti bnh tr chng dn trong ngoi.
Mi cng vic an bi kho lo,
Li hnh vi mm do hp thi.
4. V khng tranh chp vi ai,
Mt i thanh thn, ai ngi trch ta.
BNH GING
C nhiu cch bnh ging chng ny:
a. Vng Bt, H Thng cng, Tng Long Uyn ton cp cc c
tnh ca nc.
b. James Legge v Duyvendak cho rng chng ny ni v s trn ho.
c. C nhiu tc gi khc nh Nghim Ton, Nguyn Duy Cn p dng
chng ny vo bc trn ho, vo thnh nhn. Ti cng ch trng nh
vy.
chng ny, Lo t khuyn cc bc thnh nhn phi bt chc nc.
Nc bao gi cng chy ch trng, ch thp, lm n ch cho mun loi
mun vt.
Bc thnh nhn cng phi nh vy: phi sng cuc i khim cung, t
tn, qun mnh v ngi, khng t cao t i c nh th mi gn o gn
Tri. [6]
Ngoi ra thnh nhn phi:
(1) Chn ni n chn , v ch n nh hng rt nhiu n ton th
con ngi. (2) Phi sng thm trm, khng ph phim, xc ni.
Tham ng Kh ca Ngy B Dng c cu: Chn
nhn tim thm uyn, ph du th qui trung. , v
gii rng l lun gi c Nguyn thn N hon.[7]
3. Giao tip vi ngi bng mt lng nhn i.
4. Ni li thnh tn.
5. Nu cm quyn chnh, s em bnh tr li cho thin h.
6. Khi lm cng vic, t ra c kh nng.

7. Hot ng uyn chuyn theo thi. Chng nhng th thnh nhn s

khng tranh chp vi ai.
Ct Trng Canh tot lc chng ny nh sau: Nc b ch cao, m
chy xung ch thp ngy m, nc lm vic chng ngng. Trn tri,
nc lm ma, lm sng. Di t, nc sinh sng, sinh lch. u u
nc cng thm nhun, tm gi. Nc lm ch cho mi loi. Nc lun
tun phc, khng khng c. p ngn thi nc ngng; m ca cng
cho thot thi nc chy. Nc cng i hnh th vung trn ty theo bnh
cha. Con ngi thng c khuynh hng khc hn. Con ngi lun a li
lc, lun lun v k. V th con ngi phi bt chc lm nc. K no h
mnh phc v ngi, s c mi ngi thng mn, v khng b ai
chng i. [8]
[1] D tnh : sng gin d, theo tnh t nhin.
[2] C : gn.
[3] Thin : (a) a thch, chu. (b) nn, tt,... mi tt. (V d: Tm phi su
xa mi tt. Li ni phi tn thnh mi tt.)
Duyvendak theo James Legge, dch cu ny nh sau:
On considre:
- bon pour la demeure, le lieu (favorable)
- bonne pour le cur, la profondeur,
- bonne pour les rapports sociaux, lhumanit
- bonne pour la parole, la bonne foi
- bon pour le gouvernement, lordre
- bonne pour le service, la capacit
- bon pour laction, de saisir le moment favorable
Duyvendak, Tao Te King, p. 19.
[4] D : s giao tip.
[5] Vu : li lm on trch.
[6] Thnh nhn d khim thoi t x, d ti h t an, ninh khc k d ton
nhn, bt hiu cao nhi t i. , ,

 , . Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr.

11.
[7] Chn nhn tim thm uyn, ph du th qui trung... Ty chn tc chi
vng lai, nhim chn tc chi thng ging, t triu ch m, nguyn thn
thng th n hon , ... ,
, , ... Phc mnh thin vn: Hi
hng ng gia vin l, ti bi nht mu thin in. :
, . Thin in l thin tm , thin cc
, n hon ) Chu dch tham ng kh pht huy ,
quyn trung, tr. 18b.
[8] Xem Lon Wieger, Les Pres du Sytme Taoste, p. 25.

CHNG 9
VN DI [1]

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. , . , , .
Phin m:
1. Tr [2] nhi doanh [3] chi bt nh k d.[4]
2. Sy [5] nhi nhu [6] chi bt kh trng bo.
3. Kim ngc mn ng, mc chi nng th.
4. Ph qu nhi kiu, t di [7] k cu.[8]
5. Cng thnh, danh toi, thn thoi,[9] thin chi o.
Dch xui:
1. Gi m lm cho y mi, khng bng dng li.
2. Mi cho nhn, cho sc khng gi c lu.
3. Vng ngc y nh, chng th gi c.
4. Giu sang m kiu cng, s t vi tai ha.
5. Thnh cng, thnh danh ri thi nn lui thn, y l o Tri.
Dch th:

1. Bnh nc y gi sao khi ,

chi y qu c cha chan?
2. Ra cng mi nhn dao oan,
Gi sao cho c vn ton trc sau?
3. y vng ngc nh no bn b,
4. Qu giu sang chc s kiu sa,
Suy vong do sinh ra,
5. Nn gi vinh hin l gi thoi lui.
Cng thnh thn thoi l Tri.
BNH GING
Chng ny bn v s thng trm ca cuc i.
Lon Wieger bnh chng ny nh sau: Mt bnh nc y, hi ng
ti s trn, hoc s hao dn v bc hi. Mt li nhn qu nhn, s b kh
tri lm gim sc bn. Mt kho tng trc sau s b cp bc, b tch thu.
Mt tri ln n nh s x; trng m trn thi s khuyt. Mt bnh xe
quay ti im cao nht s ln xung. Ai m hiu nh lut ph qut v bt
bin ny ca tri t l ht doanh s n h, khi thy cng danh ca mnh
ln ti cc im ri, th phi liu b rt lui. Lm vy khng phi v s
nhc sau ny, m chnh l bo thn, theo ng ng li ca s
mnh. Mt nh bnh gii cho rng: khi gi im, thnh nhn s tho
ci, s lng, sng ngoi vng cng ta. Nh kinh Dch ni, lc y
thnh nhn khng cn phc v vua cha na, v tm tr ngi trn mt
bnh din cao hn. [10] Nhiu o gia xa nay theo ng li ny v
qui n lc ang thi thnh mn. [11]
Con ngi cn phi bit nh lut doanh h, tiu trng ca tri t,
mi bo tn c tm thn. chnh cng l ch trng ca Dch, v ca
Khng gio.
Kinh Dch ni Thon truyn qu Phong vit:
Vng dng cao s x ngang,
Trng trn ri s chuyn sang hao gy.
t tri lc rng, lc y,

Thng trm, tng gim i thay theo thi.

t tri cn th na ngi,
Qu thn u cng mt bi thnh suy. [12]
Trong quyn Khng t thnh tch c k: Trong miu th L Hon
cng c treo mt bnh gi l y kh. khng th nghing; nc vo
lng chng thi ngay ngn, nc y n ming th lp p xp li. Vua
cha treo t rn. c Khng bo mn nc th nghim, thy
ng nh vy. Ngi dy cc mn rng: Mun tr mn (gi s sung mn)
phi ht sc khim cung.[13]
Thon truyn qu Khim cng vit:
Tri lm vi chn di do,
M thm vo nhng ch no khim cung.
t soi mn bt cao phong,
M cho lng bin, lng sng thm dy.
Qu thn hi k no y,
M em phc li cho ngi khim cung.
Ngi thng ght k tha dng,
Cn ngi khim tn tht lng thi a.
Trn khim thi sng mi ra,
Di khim ai k hn ta c no?
Khim cung gi vn trc sau,
Ri ra qun t gt u hanh thng. [14]
Rt lui ng lc ng thi, kinh Dch gi th l:
- Hiu n (rt lui m vui thch);[15]
- Gia n (rt lui mt cch p );[16]
- Ph n (rt lui m lng khoan khoi).[17]
Ta c th tm tt t tng ca Lo, ca kinh Dch v s cn phi rt lui
khi thnh cng nh sau:
- Bn rn m chi lc rt lui,
T tnh, qun t r xong ri,

Thnh thang nh gt ng bn tu,

Tiu nhn tnh ly, kh m xui.
(phng tc ho cu t qu n)
- Rt lui p mi l lui,
Phi thi, mi chuyn s m xui,
Mnh mnh, mnh lui ngi mi phc,
Lui cho l tng khi pha phi.
(phng tc ho cu ng qu n)
- Rt lui hn h mi l hay,
V vi in vin, vi c cy,
B chuyn cng danh vui o l,
Cng thnh thn thoi l xa nay.
(phng tc ho thng cu qu n) [18]
[1] Vn di : c th l b hi v vn mnh.
[2] Tr : cm.
[3] Doanh : y.
[4] D : thi.
[5] Sy : mi nhn.
[6] Nhu : lm cho sc bn.
[7] Di : li.
[8] Cu : li.
[9] Cng thnh, doanh toi, thn thoi: C nhiu sch ch chp c cng
toi, thn thoi.
[10] Xem qu C , ho thng cu: Bt s vng hu, cao thng k
s. .
[11] Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Sytme Taoste, tr. 25 - 26.
[12] Xem Dch kinh, qu Phong , Thon truyn: Nht trung tc trc,
nguyt doanh tc thc; thin a doanh h, d thi tiu tc, nhi hung
nhn h? Hung qu thn h? ;

 ? Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Chn dung

Khng T, tr. 209.
[13] Xem Khng t thnh tch , tr. 62 - 63. -- Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Chn
dung Khng t, tr. 210.
[14] Xem kinh Dch, qu Khim , Thon truyn: Thin o khuy doanh
nhi ch khim, a o bin doanh nhi lu khim, qu thn hi doanh
nhi phc khim, nhn o doanh nhi ho khim. Khim tn nhi
quang, ti nhi bt kh du: Qun t chi chung d. ,
, , . ,
: . Xem Chn dung Khng t, tr. 210-211.
[15] Xem Kinh Dch qu n , ho cu t: Hiu n, qun t ct, tiu
nhn ph. .
[16] Xem Kinh Dch qu n , ho cu ng: Gia n, trinh ct.
.
[17] Xem Kinh Dch, qu n , ho thng cu: Ph n, v bt li.
.
[18] Xem Kinh Dch, dch th v bnh ging ca Nguyn Vn Th, ni qu
n .

CHNG 10
NNG VI

Hn vn:

? , ? ,
? , ? , ? ,
? , , , , .
Phin m:
1. Ti doanh phch[1] bo nht[2] nng v ly h?
2. Chuyn kh tr nhu,[3] nng anh nhi[4] h?
3. Dch [5] tr [6] huyn lm,[7] nng v t h? [8]
4. i dn tr quc nng v vi h? [9]
5. Thin mn khai hp, nng v th h? [10]

6. Minh bch t t nng v tri h? [11]

7. Sinh nhi sc chi, sinh nhi bt hu, vi nhi bt th, trng chi bt t, th
v huyn c.[12]
Dch xui:
Nng vi (Lm c khng?)
1. C th em hn phch m p ly o, khng la xa chng?
2. C th gi cho nguyn kh khng tn lon, gi vn thin chn, hon
ton theo c o Tri, (nh lut tri t) nh anh nhi chng?
3. C th ty tr c (trn cu), gi c cho gng lng trong sng
khng t vt chng?
4. C th yu dn tr nc, m vn v vi chng?
5. C tri m ng, c th thun ng nh con mi chng?
6. C th sng sut m nh ngi v tri chng?
7. Sinh dng vn vt; sng m vn nh khng c; lm m khng cy
cng; khin cho ln m khng i lm ch, th l c su xa vy.
Dch th:
1. Lm sao em ht xc hn,
Ha mnh vi o chng cn la xa.
2. Lm sao gi vn tinh hoa,
Sng i thanh thn, nh l Anh Nhi!
3. Lm sao r sch h t,
Gng lng vng vc, quang huy vn tuyn!
4. Thng dn tr nc cho yn,
V vi m vn m m mi l!
5. Ca tri m ng li qua,
Thun theo, chng dm phi pha mnh tri!
6. Mun iu thng sut khc nhi,
sao vn ta nh ngi v tri!
7. (Nhng ngi c hnh huyn vi,)

Dng sinh mun vt chng h tng cng,

Sng i vn ta nh khng,
Cn c lao tc, chng mong p n.
Gip dn, nhng chng tranh quyn,
y l c hnh nhim huyn, siu vi.
BNH GING
Chng ny, theo James Legge, l mt chng ti ngha nht ca sch.
V th ta thy cc nh bnh gii chng ny theo nhiu trnh cao thp
khc nhau.
Trc khi i vo chi tit, ta hy tm tt i ca chng. Chng ny
ni ln nhng nguyn vng chnh yu ca Lo t.
1. Lm sao sng kt hp vi tri, vi o (ba cu u).
2. Lm sao thng dn, tr dn m khng lm nhng lon dn (cu 4).
3. Lm sao sng thun mnh tri (cu 5).
4. Lm sao thng minh du tr, m khng ph trng (cu 6).
5. Lm sao lm n ch cho mun loi, m khng t th (cu 7).
1. Lm sao sng kt hp vi Tri, vi o
a. Ti doanh phch, bo nht:
- Lo t cho rng mun sng kt hp vi Tri vi o, thi phi dng
ht hn, xc mnh, ht kh nng mnh.
o Lo gi th l:
- Th Trung , Bo Nht
- Bo Nguyn , Th Nht
- Kin t , Bo phc
- c Nht , c o
Thng phm n php cng c cp n bo nguyn, th
nht v gii Nguyn l Nguyn thy t kh; Nht l Bn lai nguyn
tnh.
Lo t cp n:
- Th trung chng 5.

- Bo nht chng ny.

- V c nht chng 39.
H Thng Cng cho rng nu con ngi m p c Tri, c Nht,
khin khng la xa thn mnh, s c trng tn; v sau ng cng
cp n chng ni v c Nht ca Lo t. Sng kt hp vi Tri, vi o
l l tng ca mi o gio.
Lo t ni: Ti doanh phch bo nht nng v ly h. th Cha Jesus
cng ni: Ngi phi mn Cha, l Cha Tri ngi, ht lng, ht linh hn,
ht sc, ht tr ngi. (Luc, 10-26).
Theo t ng ca huyn hc, th Bo Nht, c Nht, chnh l tm ra
c Trung im tm hn, y thm tng su tm hn, ni pht xut tung
ta ra mi quan nng. tc l tm ra c v cng lng trong vn hu,
vnh cu lng trong tm b, bin thin. [13]
Trong quyn Yoga v Thin hc ca Nguyn Duy Hinh, ni trang 55, ta
thy mt on rt l th nh sau:
Ngi tu c Mt mi l linh,
Mt y gng tm gia mnh.
Lng l tch ngi, gom t t,
Im lm ngng ng, hip tam tinh.
em thn v ci, tm v ng,
Dn kh qui nguyn, kh phi bnh.
Nht khiu huyn linh, thng vn php.
Thin kinh, vn quyn nht thi minh.
Mt l g? Tc l Chn Nh, Chn thn, Chn nhn, Chn tm, l o,
Nit Bn, l Chn l v. v...
Mt y, bn khi tm u xa. Hy tm ngay trong ci Tm thanh tnh,
sng sut ca mnh. T t l t i, tc l tt c cc gic quan gom v mt
mi.
Khi tinh, kh, thn hip lm mt, tt nhin ci tm pht sinh diu dng,
sng sut t tng, soi thu mi s vt.

Bi trong ci tm thanh tnh v sng sut y gom cha v thng sut

tt c, cho nn ni l Thin kinh vn quyn nht thi minh. Tt c cc
kinh sch u do mt ci chn tm m c, tuy by ra mun ngn li l,
gng tch, nhng cng ng mt chn l.
Tam Mao Chn Qun c th:
Linh i trm trm t bng h

Ch ha nguyn thn l din c

Nhc hng th trung lu nht vt

Khi nng chng o hp h v. [14]

Tm dch:
Tm linh man mc ta bng h,
Ni y Nguyn thn c nht c,
Nu vt chi vng vn ,
Lm sao chng o, hp H v.
Khu quyt Ti doanh phch bo nht cng gip chng ta hiu cc
khu quyt tng t khc nh:
- Ton thc ng hnh

- Tam hoa qui nh

- Ng kh triu nguyn
- T t qui gia
- Tnh , tnh , hn , phch , , qui trung , v. v... ca o
Lo.
b. Chuyn kh tr nhu, nng anh nhi h.
Chuyn kh tr nhu tc l gi sao cho vn thin chn, thin tnh,
khng cho n hao tn, v cho n c ti ch nhu ha tt mc. (Lu
T)

H Thng Cng cng cho rng chuyn kh l gi cho tinh kh khng

tn lon.
Tng Long Uyn cho rng chuyn kh ch nhu l trng thi v t, v
l, v tri, v dc, khi mi vng nim tiu tan. [15]
Anh nhi thng c hiu l anh hi, l tr s sinh.
Nhng kt qu ca cng phu tu luyn khng phi l tr v trng thi
tr s sinh, m chnh l tr thnh thn minh.
V tu tin o c l phi i ht con ng nhn o, ri mi ln ti
tin o,[16] mi c th thng linh t bin,[17] tm tnh, kh nh, sng
mt cuc i tiu si, hn nhin.
Thng phm an php cho rng: Anh nhi tc l Thin chn ngng kt,
ch khng cn phi l phm tinh, phm kh, phm thn, n hin ty tm,
c th xuyn qua vng, qua st, m khng h li vt tch g. [18]
Th tc l Tin thin chn th hin l,[19] phm tm sch,
chn tnh c pht huy.[20]
Lc y con ngi s sng hon ton t nhin, t ti, sng khoi, thn
tin. Th gi l sng ch thnh bt chc t nhin. [21]
Nhp dc knh ca Thi Hi Phm c th rng:
i o h v php t nhin

T nhin chi ngoi cnh v huyn

Tr nhu, chuyn kh, anh nhi dng

C tc cu san, khn tc min. [22]

Tm dch:
H v, o phng t nhin,
Ngoi ra, no c php huyn no u?
Sng i thanh thn, tiu dao,

i n mt ng, khc no anh nhi.

c. ch tr huyn lm, nng v t h.
Tng Long Uyn cho rng huyn lm l kin thc, kin vn.
Khi cha c o th tm dng n, nh l thuyn b qua sng. Khi
c o, thi phi r b kin thc gian trn cho tm hn c thnh
thi, y nh khi ht bnh thi thi dng thuc.[23]
H Thng Cng cho rng huyn lm l nhn thu u huyn v gii
rng khi ty ra cho tm hn tr nn thanh khit, th tm hn s thu
sut vn s, vn duyn, s nhn thu u huyn.[24]
Trng Mc li cho rng gt ra tr b nhng bi bm xu d bm vo
tm gng siu hnh huyn lm khin cho n tr nn trong sut sng
ngi khng cht bn nh, vn c.[25]
Nu ta chp nhn ch trng ca Trng Mc, th cu ny cng ging
nh cu k ca Thn T:
Thn th b th

Tm nh minh knh i

Thi thi cn pht thc

Mc s nh trn ai

Thn nh cy b ,
Tm nh i gng t,
Thng khi lo phi chi,
ng ng bi nh.
Nhiu nh bnh gii cho rng chng ny dy v php v sinh, ct sao
cho linh, nhc iu ha. [26]
Thit tng gii nh vy, mc nhin h Lo t xung mt trnh
rt thp.

Ring ti, ti cho rng chng ny cho ta nhng tn ch, nhng

phng php t ti Thi cc, ti Tuyt i, thc hin c Thin chn,
Thin th.
Mun vy phi gi cho tm thn c nguyn tuyn, thanh sng, thn
thanh, tr nh, tm bnh, kh ha, phi ht lng ht sc ao c kt hp vi
Thin l, Thin chn... [27]
2. Lm sao tr dn tr nc m vn v vi
Lo t ch trng khng dng li hu vi, hu dc m lng on i
sng t nhin ca dn. Thng dn chnh l cho dn thun sinh, thun
ha.
Cai tr bng li v vi, thng dn m dn khng bit, tr dn m dn
khng hay, nh vy mi cao siu.
3. Lm sao sng thun mnh Tri
Mun sng thun mnh tri, phi bit theo ng li nhu thun, khng
bao gi c gng qui s bin ha ca tri t. l theo ng li m
nhu, thun ng, m Dch cp trong qu Khn.
Mun vy phi sng theo thin thi, a li, nhn ha v nht l phi
bit sng thun theo tui tc mnh.
Khi cn tr, phi thun theo l tri m hng ngoi gp phn xy
dng gia nh, quc gia, x hi.
Khi ng tui, phi bit hng ni, tu tm, tu tnh, mong c ngy
qui nguyn, phn bn.
Gm o l c sau, c trc,
L m dng c ngc, c xui.
Ngc l gi cun bi i,
y a vo chn trn ai, ct lm.
C th thch mi phn vng ,
C lm than mi r chuyn i.
Khi xui, sm chp ti bi,
Tng su by gii cn tri ni tm.
Trng t c ch nhn, ch chnh,

Bit mc phiu s nh, s an,

Ri ra suy xt ngun cn,
Con ng phi mnh chu ton tc t. [28]
S thun tho cao siu nht l sng hon ton thun theo Thin chn,
Thin l tim n trong lng mnh.
Cc nh huyn hc u cho rng nhu thun, t nhin l iu kin
tip xc vi Chn ng.
Ha s Raphael bo ha s Lonard de Vinci: Ti nhn thy rng khi v,
mnh khng c ngh g; lc s v p hn.
Tiu ng nh vy cn phi nhn nh c s thiu st, bt ton ca
mnh, v cn phi thun theo thin chn, thin tnh, hot ng trong tng
su tm hn mnh.[29]
Th l thun phc thn thnh ha mnh.[30]
4. Lm sao thng minh, du tr m khng ph trng
o vn quang minh, nn t o s tr nn thng minh, du tr.
Trung Dung vit:
Vn hon thin, quang hoa mi l,
y tnh tri mun v tinh anh,
Quang minh ri mi tinh thnh,
y nh gio ha, tp thnh m nn.
hon thin, tt nhin thng tu,
Thng tu ri t s tinh thnh. [31]
Th nhng, cn phi bit che du bt s thng tu ca mnh i, nh
vy mi an thn.
o Lo gi th l: Hm chng [32] v Dng hi nhi minh.[33]
5. Lm sao n ch cho mun loi m khng t th
Tri t lm n, ch cho mun loi m chng bao gi t cao, t i, t
tn, t th.
Thnh nhn sut i lm n ch cho mun loi, m chng bao gi khoe
cng, nh vy mi gi l Huyn c.

Huyn c l c hnh huyn vi, cao diu.

[1] Doanh phch : Hn phch (doanh : hn). Wieger li

gii doanh l xc.
[2] Bo nht : m p o.
[3] Chuyn kh tr nhu : gi vn sinh kh, cho n ch
hon ton nhu thun.
[4] Anh nhi : a) tr th; b) ha nhi, chn nhn.
[5] Dch : ra.
[6] Tr : b i.
[7] Huyn lm : gng siu hnh (Trng Mc); s hiu bit
su xa huyn diu (H Thng Cng); xem nhiu, bit nhiu
(kin thc) (Tng Long Uyn)
[8] T : t vt.
[9] V vi : c sch vit l v tri.
[10] V th : th : con mi. Tng Long Uyn vit l vi th
.
[11] V tri : c sch vit l v vi .
[12] Huyn c : c su xa nhim mu.
[13] There is a root or depth in thee, says Law, from whence
all these faculties come forth as lines from a centre, or as
branches from the body of a tree.
This depth is called the centre, the fund, or bottom, of the soul.
This depth is the Unity, the Eternity, I had almost said the
infinity of the soul, for it is so infinite that nothing can satisfy it,
or give it any rest, but the infinity of God. -- Evelyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 61.
[14] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 14.
[15] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 14b.
[16] Dc tri tin o, tin tn nhn o, nhn o bt tu, tin o
vin h. .

[17] Thng phm an php Tit th tr. 7a. Thi t kim

hoa tng ch , 15b.
[18] Thng phm n php, tr. 10a.
[19] ib. 1a.
[20] Luyn kh phm tm c tn chn tnh .
ib. 1a.
[21] Thi Hi Phm, Nhp dc knh, tr. 6b.
[22] Thi Hi Phm, Nhp dc knh, tr. 6b.
[23] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 14b.
[24] m ch, H Thng Cng, Lo t o c kinh, tr. 5a.
[25] Nghim Ton, Lo t o c kinh, quyn 1, tr. 53.
[26] Xem Lu T, Bch thoi thch gii o c kinh, tr. 23.
Xem Nghim Ton, Lo t o c kinh, tr. 58-59.
[27] c thm Trang T, Nam Hoa Kinh, chng i Tng S, on
J; Tr bc du on C, v. v...
[28] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung tn kho, tr. 499-500.
[29] To let oneself go, be quiet, receptive, is the condition under
which such contact with the comic Life may be obtained. I
have noticed that when one pains, one should think of nothing:
everything then comes better, says the young Raphael to
Leonardo Da Vinci. The superficial self must here acknowledge
its own insufficiency, must become the humble servant of a
more profound and vital consciousness...
Then the conscious mind being passive, the more divine mind
below the threshold organ of our free creative life can
emerge and presents its report. In the words of an older
mystic, The soul leaving all things and forgetting herself, is
immersed in the ocean of Divine Splendour, and illuminated by
the sublime Abyss of the Unfathomable Wisdom.
(Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 76-77)
[30] Surrender and deification, Ib. p. 113.

[31] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung tn kho, tr. 50.

[32] Kinh Dch, qu Khn, ho lc tam.
[33] Kinh Dch, qu Minh Di, Tng truyn.
CHNG 11
V DNG

Hn vn:

. , . . ,
. . , . ,
.
Phin m:
1. Tam thp phc,[1] cng nht cc.[2] ng k v, hu xa chi dng.
2. Duyn [3] thc [4] d vi kh. ng k v, hu kh chi dng.
3. Tc h [5] d [6] d vi tht. ng k v, hu tht chi dng.
4. C hu chi d vi li, v chi d vi dng.[7]
Dch xui:
1. Ba chc cm, hp li mt bu. Nh ch trng khng, mi c ci
dng ca xe.
2. Nho t lm chn bt. Nh ch trng khng, mi c ci dng
ca chn bt.
3. c ca ln, ca s lm nh; nh c ch trng khng, mi c ci
dng ca nh.
4. Cho nn ly ci c lm ci li, ly ci khng lm ci dng.
Dch th:
1. Bnh xe ba mi tai hoa,
Ci bu gia trng, n nh n quay.
2. Bt kia ly t dng gy,
Nh lng bt rng, mi hay ng .
3. Lm nh tr ca nh, to,
Nh ca m trng, ci nh mi quang.

4. Hu hnh ch, mang,

V hnh mi thc chnh tang ci dng.
BNH GING
Trong chng ny, Lo t dng ba v d ni ln s quan trng ca
H v. l:
- Khong khng ca trc xe
- Khong khng trong lng bt
- Khong khng ni cc ca ln nh, v
- Khong khng trong lng nh.
Suy ra, th ci hu hnh hu tng ch ct l dung cha ci khng,
v ci khng mi thc s quan h.
Nhn chng ny, thit tng nn bn v ch V, ch Khng ca o
Lo.
1. Ch H, V trong siu hnh hc Lo gio
Ch H, ch V, ch Khng, trong siu hnh hc o Lo, tc l Tuyt
i. o c kinh chng 40 vit: Thin h vn vt sinh hu, hu sinh
V.
Xng o Chn ngn vit: o gia gi l H; Pht gia gi l Khng.
Khng c th nhn thy mi s, nghe thy mi s. Khng vn khng
lm g gin cch, khng vn v lng, v bin. Cho nn khi mt ngi suy
ngh, ngi cng nh khng hay bit, m H khng v lng, v bin
bit, hay... V th, Nho gia thn c, y khng (cn thn khi mt
mnh, s hi ci Khng).[8]
Ni con ngi h v chnh l chn tm, bn tm con ngi. Sch Tu
Chnh lc vit: Thin h vn s vn vt giai hu hnh, hu tch, duy c
tm l khng th ly hnh tch m tm cu; khng ting khng hi; khng
khng, ng ng...[9]
2. Nhng khong khng trong con ngi
Nu ni bnh xe, chn bt, nh ca, khong khng trng hn khong
c, th ni con ngi cc khong khng, u trng hn khong c.

Y gia ch bit cc khong c. o gia chuyn ch trng n cc khong

khng. Theo o gia th c ba khong khng quan trng nht trong con
ngi, m h thng gi l Thin cc, ng cc, Linh cc.
a) Thin cc hay Thng an in hay Huyn quan khiu
N hon cung hay No tht ba.[10]
b) ng cc hay Ging cung hay Trung an in
xoang gia ngc (mdiastin) gn tim.[11]
c) Linh cc hay Kh hi hay H an in xoang bng
di rn (cavit abdominale, rgion Hi pogastrique).[12]
Thin cc hay Huyn quan khiu , d nhin l quan trng
hn c.[13]
Sch Tu chn bin nn tin bin vit:
Ti thin, tc V cc

Ti nhn, tc Huyn khiu. [14]

Cc xoang cc trong ngi u khng thng vi nhau bng nhng

kinh lc v hnh v nht l qua ng ng gia ty xng sng (canal
pendymaire).
3. Tu o l i tm khng, thc hin khng
Ngi tu o chnh l i tm Khng. Nhng ci c, nhn tin, ai chng
thy. Xc tht trn trn, ai chng thy. Cho nn ngi cao siu, tu o, tc
l i tm ci v hnh, v tng m mi ngi khng tm thy; ch cho nhau
ci khng, m ngi thng khng thy.
Tnh mnh khu ch c th rng:
i o cn kinh thc gi hi

Thng nhn nht dng thc nng tri

V qun ch xut thn tin qut

Nht khiu loan loan t nguyt mi.

Tm dch:
Cn kinh i o t ai hay,
Thng nhn dng mi, bit no ai?
V ngi, xin ch thn tin ng,
Mt khiu cong cong ta nt ngi... [15]
Tu l em tm thn v Khng ng.
Trng V Mng ni: Tm ti linh quan, thn hu ch. Kh qui nguyn
hi th v cng. .
Tm linh quan thn c ch,
Kh v nguyn hi th v cng... [16]
Nhp dc knh ni: N hon l bn cung ca Thn, Thn v N hon
thi vn thn triu hi. V th ni: Ngi mun bt t, thi tu Cn
Ln.[17]
Mc ch ca s tu tr l: Thnh thn tr v vi V cc. (Luyn thn
hon h. Phc qui v cc. , )
Cc o s Yoga xa tu luyn khng phi i tm Thin ng m ct
l kt hp vi bn nguyn ca v tr. [18]
Nh vy con ngi mt na l Hu mt na l V. Tm ra c na V
trong ngi, lm cho cc nng lc cn tim tng trong V c thi trin,
mi l con ngi ton din. [19]
L tng i sng theo o Lo u xoay quanh ch V . Ta thy o
Lo ton ch trng V:
- V k
- V cng
- V danh
- V vi
- V dc
C hon ton V, mi ha mnh c vi Bn th v tr v bin t.
Thiu Khang Tit ni: V ng, nhin hu vn vt giai ng. Th th ch
ngn, dic th chn quyt. [20]

Tng Long Uyn bnh chng ny i khi nh sau: Tri t c trng

gia th m dng mi c diu dng. Thnh nhn c h tm s vn
dng mi vi diu. Nu t tri khng trng gia, th bn ma s khng vn
xoay, qu thn s khng bin ha, cho nn ngi bit th no l H
Trung, s bit cn bn ca To ha. Nu thnh nhn khng h tm, s
khng hiu c thin l vi diu, khng lm cho nhn tm tr nn chnh
nh, khng th sa i phong tc, treo gng cho nhn qun. Cho nn
ngi bit th no l h tm s bit cn bn ca o c. [21]

[1] Phc : tai hoa (rayons, rais).

[2] Cc : bu (moyeu).
[3] Duyn : pha trn, nho nn.
[4] Thc : t st, t th.
[5] H : ca mt cnh, (ca 2 cnh l mn).
[6] D : ca s.
[7] Xng o chn ngn (tr. 28b) c mt on di ni v H v.
[8] o gia v chi H, Pht gia v chi Khng. Khng nng v s bt
kin, v s bt vn... Khng v s cch. Khng bn v lng v
bin. C nht nhn pht nht nim ng tht chi nhn bt tri,
nhi v lng chi khng tri chi. Nho gia chi thn c, y khng
c d. . .
.
. . Xng o chn ngn,
quyn 5, tr. 31.
[9] Thin h vn vt giai hu hnh, hu tch, duy tm bt kh d
hnh tch cu, v thanh v x, khng khng, ng ng.
Tu
Chnh lc, tr. 1b.
[10] Lc Dc ng Ng Lc , quyn 2: H v thin
cc? Ci nhn u hu cu cung, trung hu nht s, danh vit
thin cc. Thanh tnh v trn, nng tng nguyn thn an tr
k trung, ho bt ngoi tr, tc thnh chn chng thnh.
.

 (Thin cc l g? u ngi c
9 cung, trong c mt ch tn l thin cc. Thanh tnh khng
nhim trn th c th em nguyn thn an tr ti ni , khng
my may [ nguyn thn] thot chy ra ngoi t s chng
thnh tin thnh).
[11] T Thanh Ch Huyn Tp gii thch: Trung hu
ng cc ging cung, tng kh chi ph d. Hu th xng vi trung
an in . (Bn
trong c ng cc [tc l] ging cung, l ni cha kh. Ngi i
sau gi l trung an in.)
[12] T Thanh Ch Huyn Tp gii thch: H hu linh
cc quan nguyn, tng tinh chi ph d. Hu th xng vi h an
in . (Pha di c
linh cc [tc l] quan nguyn, l ni cha tinh.)
[13] Dans les trois sections du corps, ils (les Taostes) placent trois
rgions principales, lune dans la tte, la deuxime dans la
poitrine, la troisime dans le ventre. Ce sont en quelque sorte
les portes du commandement de chacune des sections. On les
appelle les Champs de Cinabre dantian (an in) pour
rappeler le nom de llment essentiel de la drogue
dimmortalit, le cinabre. Le premier, ou Palais du Nihuan
(Nirvna) est dans le cerveau; le deuxime, le Palais carlate,
est prs du cur; le troisime, le Champ de Cinabre infrieur,
est au-dessous du nombril. Henri Maspro, Le Taosme, p. 92.
Thin cc (thng an in) cng gi l tnh cn l ni
pht xut t duy thn ch, sch Tu Chn Thp Th
(quyn 3) gi l ni t tp ca vn thn
(vn thn hi tp chi hng), tc l no b . Sch Kim an
i Thnh , chng Kim an Vn p , bo:
No vi thng in. (No l thng [an] in).
Thng an in cng gi l thm uyn hay thi uyn
. Chu Dch Tham ng Kh Pht Huy ,
quyn trung, ni: Chn nhn tim thm uyn, ph du th quy
trung. . C hn nhn y l nguyn
thn ; thm uyn l thi uyn hay thng an in.

Sch Chu Dch Tham ng Kh ny a ra 67 thut ng khc

nhau cng ch thng an in nh: 1. N hon cung ,
2. Lu chu cung , 3. Ngc Thanh cung , 4. T
Thanh cung , 5. Thy vi cung , 6. Thi Nht cung
, 7. Thi huyn quan , 8. Huyn mn , 9.
Huyn tht , 10. Huyn cc , 11. Huyn in , 12.
Sa in , 13. nht quan , 14. quan , 15.
Thin quan , 16. Thin mn , 17. Thin cc , 18.
Thin in , 19. Thin tm , 20. Thin lun , 21.
Thin trc , 22. Thin nguyn , 23. Thin tr , 24.
Thin cn , 25. Thin ng , 26. Thin cung , 27.
Cn cung , 28. Cn gia , 29. Giao cm cung ,
30. Ly cung , 31. Thn cung , 32. Thn tht , 33.
Thn quan , 34. Thn kinh , 35. Thn , 36.
Huyn , 37. C , 38. C hng , 40. C
khu , 41. C lm , 42. C cung , 43. T ph ,
44. T nh , 45. T kim thnh , 46. T kim nh
, 47. Chu sa nh , 48. Hng nh , 49. Ngc
nh , 50. Ngc tht , 51. Ngc kinh , 52. Ngc v
, 53. Diu phong , 54. nht phong , 55. Ti
cao phong , 56. Chc Dung phong , 57. Cn Ln
nh , 58. Khng ng sn , 59. Bng Lai ,
60. Thng o , 61. Thng kinh , 62. Thng cung
, 63. Thng huyn , 64. Thng nguyn , 65.
Thng cc , 66. Thng th ph , 67. Thi vi cung
. Sch Tnh Mnh Khu Ch (ni Phn Chiu
) a ra 47 thut ng khc nhau ca thng an
in. Ngoi 21 danh t k trng lp trong Chu Dch Tham
ng Kh Pht Huy, Tnh Mnh Khu Ch cn k thm cc thut
ng: 1. Thanh h ph , 2. Thng thin quan , 3.
Tam ma a , 4. Hong phng , 5. Chn t , 6.
B ngn , 7. Diu tr , 8. N hon , 9. Ni vin ,
10. Liu thin , 11. t , 12. Tng sn , 13.
Thin ph , 14. Ma ni chu , 15. Ngc kinh sn
, 16. Thi uyn tr , 17. Uy quang nh , 18. Bt
nh ngn , 19. Ba la mt a , 20. Bch linh chi

mnh trch , 21. Tn dch chi sn nguyn

, 22. Vin gic hi , 23. Trung nht cung , 24.
la ni mn , 25. No huyt chi qunh phng
, 26. Hn tinh chi ngc tht .
[14] Tu chn bin nn tin bin, tr. 25a.
[15] Xng o chn ngn, tr. 10b c mt on ni v H trong
con ngi.
[16] Tnh mnh khu ch, quyn Hanh.
[17] N hon, Thn chi bn cung d. Thn qui n hon tc vn
thn triu hi. T dc bt t tu Cn Ln th d.
. . . Nhp dc
knh, tr. 10b.
[18] Aucun Yogi ne cherche le Ciel mais lunion avec ce qui est
la source de tous les mondes. Arthur Avalon, La Puissance du
Serpent.
[19] Only the mystic can be called a whole man, since in the other
half, the powers of the self always sleep. -- Everlyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 75.
[20] Thiu t vn: V ng, nhin hu vn vt giai ng. Th th ch
ngn, dic th chn quyt : .
(V ng ri sau vn vt mi u c ng. Thc ch
l vy).Tu Chnh lc, tr. 3b.
[21] Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 16a.
CHNG 12
KIM DC

Hn vn:

. . .
. , . . .
Phin m:

1. Ng sc lnh [1] nhn mc manh.[2] Ng m lnh nhn nh lung.

[3] Ng v lnh nhn khu sng.[4]Tr snh [5] in lip [6] lnh nhn tm
pht cung. Nan c chi ha, lnh nhn hnh phng.[7]
2. Th d thnh nhn v phc bt v mc. C kh b th th.
Dch xui:
1. Nm mu khin ngi m mt. Nm ging khin ngi ic tai. Nm
mi khin ngi t li. Rui rong sn bn, khin lng ngi ha cung.
Ca ci kh c, khin ngi b tai hi.
2. Bi vy, thnh nhn v bng khng v mt. Nn b ci kia, ly ci
ny.
Dch th:
1. Sc nm mu lm ta chong mt,
Thanh nm cung ngy ngt l tai.
Nm mi t li mm sai,
Rui rong sn bn, lng ngi ha in.
Ca him c ng nghing nhn c,
Khinh gic quan, gi chc lng son.
2. Thnh nhn hiu l mt cn.
BNH GING
Cc li khuyn ca Lo t trn y rt hu ch cho cng phu tu luyn.
Nh ta bit Lo t l mt nh huyn hc. M Huyn hc l s vn
vt ln trn th gii hin tng hu hnh t ti Chn th np sau bc
mn hin tng. [8]
Nh huyn hc l mt ngi phn vng, qui chn, b iu sai lc, tr
v cng chn l,[9] khng hng ngoi, m tr v tm im tm
thn. [10]
Mun hng ni, tm ra thin chn thin th, cn phi thot mi
phin trc, thc phc bn ngoi, cn phi nh thn, tnh tr. Chnh v vy,
m nhng th vui gic quan bn ngoi tr thnh chng ngi. Chng lm
cho tn thn, hao kh; chng lm cho tm hn tr nn bt nh khng

hon ton chuyn ch vo c vn trng i nht ca ngi tu o, l

thc hin thin chn.
Nhng nh huyn hc chn chnh thng sng rt thm trm ni tm
khm, ni m tiu ng tr nn v ngha, v tm hn tip xc vi
ngun sng ca i th... [11]
V th cho nn h rt s nhng cm d ngoi lai, mc du l nhng
cm d nh nht.
Thnh Jean de la Croix vit: ... Tm hn b sa ly trong tnh i, mc
mu trong cm by ca dc vng v lng v k, du l nh nhoi my
chng na, cng b ngn cn khng th vn mnh ln n Chn Thin. S
luyn i to vt thnh tr ngi ln lao khng cho tm hn phi kt
vi Thng . [12]
Cc v thin s cng cho rng lng kht khao s vt s to nn mt
trng thi sc tng, mt trng thi n l. V th nn h mun i sng
mnh v sc tng.[13]
Li ni:
Mng vui l mt khinh phiu,
Khinh thng hoan lc, c chiu trng sinh. [14]
Suy ra ta mi hiu ti sao xa nay ti sao c nhiu ngi li i n tu
trong cc tu vin, hoc ni sa mc hoang vu. l v h chn i sng
tinh thn vnh cu, thay v i sng gic quan tm b.
Trong cc php mn tu luyn, ta li thy mn thin nh l quan
trng v ph qut hn c, m thin nh chnh l khp ca gic quan, vn
kh, iu thn, tp trung t tng, thn tr, cui cng i n ch cao
siu nht l xut thn nhp nh, huyn ha vi i o.
Trang t gi th l Ta vong.[15]
Tm li chng ny khuyn ta hy r b ci ph hoa sc tng bn
ngoi, gi gn ci Ta thin nhin, chn thc, gi gn ly ci i ng
siu linh, v sc tng.
Trong khi vn s, vn loi trong v tr ph tn v hy hoi hnh th
mnh,[16] th nh huyn hc c thu thn nh tr, hi quang phn chiu,
nh vy c phi l thot ly c mi nh lut chi phi vn vt khng,
v siu thot khng?

[1] Lnh : hay lnh, khin.

[2] Manh : m.
[3] Lung : ic.
[4] Sng : sai.
[5] Tr snh : rong rui.
[6] in lip : sn bn. Sn ma Xun gi l in ; Sn ma
H gi l Miu ; Sn ma Thu gi l Tin ; Sn ma ng
gi l Lip (lp) , v th sn bn mi gi l in lip (lp)
.
[7] Phng : tn thng h hng.
[8] The hermetic science is a method of transcending the
phenomenal world and attain to the realty which is behind
phenomena. -- Everlyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 181.
[9] Xem o c kinh gii ngha, tr. 17a.
[10] Not outward bound, but rather on the journey to its centre.
-- Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 123.
[11] In the deepest recesses of her (St. Teresa) spirit, in that
unplumbed abyss where selfhood ceases to have meaning and
the individual soul touches the life of the All, distinction
vanished and she saw God in a point. -- Everlyn
Underhill, Mysticism, p. 123.
[12] Lme est engloue dans ses affections, prise au pige de ses
passions et de son goisme, mme infime, et se trouve ainsi
empche de slancer vers son vritable bien. Cest cet
attachement la crature qui constitue lobstacle majeur
lunion de lme avec Dieu. St Jean de la Croix, p. 114.
[13] La soif des choses produit ltat color que le Yogi considre
comme une servitude, un esclavage. Cest ltat incolore quil
simpose sa vie. -- Ernest E. Wood, La Pratique du Yoga, p.
31.
[14] Celui qui accapare une joie,

Dtruit la vie aile.

Celui qui embrasse la joie au passage,
Vit dans laurore de lternit.
Ib. p. 32.
[15] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, i tng s, J v Tr Bc Du, C.
[16] All the phenomena of nature visible and invisible, within the
atom and in outer space, indicate that the substance and
energy of the universe are inexorably diffusing like vapor
through the insatiable void. The sun is slowly but surely
burning out, the stars are dying embers, and everywhere in the
cosmos, heat is turning to cold, matter is dissolving into
radiation, and energy is being dissipated into empty space. -Lincoln Barnett, The Universe and Dr Einstein, p. 110.
CHNG 13
YM S

Hn vn:

. () . . (, ) .
, . () . , .
, ? , .
, .
Phin m:
1. Sng nhc nhc [1] kinh. (Qu) [2] i hon nhc* thn.
2. H v sng nhc nhc* kinh. Sng vi (thng, nhc vi) h. [3] c
chi nhc* kinh, Tht chi nhc*kinh.
3. H v (qu) [4] i hon nhc* thn. Ng s d hu i hon gi, vi
ng hu thn. Cp ng v thn, ng hu h hon?
4. C qu d thn vi thin h, nhc [5] kh k thin h. i d thn vi
thin h, nhc* kh thc thin h.
Dch xui:
1. Vinh, nhc cng lm lo u. S d hon nn l v c thn.

2. Ti sao vinh, nhc u lm lo u? Vinh l ngi cao, nhc l a v

thp. c cng lo, mt cng lo. V th nn ni: Vinh nhc u lo.
3. Ti sao ni: Hon nn l v c thn? Ta s d phi lo u nhiu,
chnh v ta c thn. Nu khng c thn, ta u c lo !
4. Cho nn ai qu thin h hn thn mnh, th c th em thin h giao
ph cho, ai yu thin h hn thn mnh, th c th gi gm thin h cho h
c.[6]
Dch th:
1. Vinh hay nhc lo u cng ra,
Ta lo u v c tm thn.
2. Nhc vinh l mi bn tm,
Ln voi xung ch cng ngn y lo.
3. Lun s hi l do thn th,
Khng thn ny h d u lo.
4. Xin em thin h hin cho,
Ai v thin h, chng t tng mnh.
BNH GING
Hai chng trn, Lo t khuyn ta: (1) Phi sng h tm, khinh khot.
(2) Phi bit tit dc, ng m mi chy theo nhng th vui gic quan.
Trong chng ny, Lo t tip tc khuyn ta: ng nn bn tm v
cng danh trn tc cng nh nn vn ln khi i sng phm tc ca
tiu ng.
1. Khng nn bn tm v cng danh trn tc
Lo t cho rng cng danh ch lm kh con ngi.
Vinh cng lo, cng kh.
Nhc cng lo cng kh.
Ci vinh nhc y lo u y, ch c nhng ngi qua cu mi hay.
Vinh nhc i nh l nhng t sng cn k tip nhau trn b hon.
Cu Tin ng l vua nc Vit, bng thua trn, b Ph Sai bt, cng
vi v, v nc Ng chn nga.

S Chiu Vng, ang lm vua nc S, b vua Hp L nc Ng, cng

Tn V v Ng T T tn cng, phi b kinh , xung thuyn m chy.
Bng gp bn tho khu. Ty tng ni y l S Chiu Vng xin ng
xm phm. Bn tho khu tr li: Ta ch bit c ca, ch khng bit c
cha. Ni on nh ngi, cp ca t thuyn. Vua, ti phi b thuyn
ln b m chy. Sau gp thuyn ca qun i phu Lm Don V cng i
lnh nn. Vua ti xin cho ln thuyn. Lm Don V p: Ta ch cha mt
nc i lm g? Ri i lun khng gh.
Napolon trc kia cung vng, in ngc, m khi b i y ra Sainte
Hlne cng ch nm trn mt ging st nh binh c, dng mt ci chu
ra mt c, t trn mt ci gi g c, nh mt ngi ngho nh qu.
Nhiu vua cha Trung ng xa b vua nc ch bt c, phi khom
lng lm gh, vua ch bc ln, mi khi ln nga.
Bacon ni: Ngi trn lm y t n ba ln: y t cho vua, y t
cho danh vng, y t cho cng vic, v th h mt ht t do; bn thn
mt t do; hot ng mt t do; gi gic mt t do. Tht l k d: ngi c
quyn cai tr ngi khc, li khng cai tr ni mnh. [7]
Young ni: a v cao khng mang li hnh phc, m mang li rc ri.
Khng ai ngh rng ngi trn kh, ch c ngi trn mi thy iu . [8]
Ugo Foscolo ni: Danh vng ca nhng ngi ln, mt phn l do s
liu lnh, hai phn l do may mn, cn mt phn na l do ti c ca
h. [9]
Cung On Ngm Khc vit:
Mi ph qu d lng xa m,
B vinh hoa la g cng khanh.
Gic Nam Kha kho bt bnh,
Bng con mt dy, thy mnh tay khng.
Chnh v th m Lo t khuyn ta ng nn bn tm n vinh nhc
bn ngoi.
2. Phi vn ln khi i sng phm tc ca tiu ng

Lo t cng khuyn chng ta khng nn bm vu vo thn tm bn

ngoi, v n cng ch ph du tm b nh nhng ci g hu hnh, hu tng,
v n chnh l ngun gc ca mi s kh au, phin trc ca con ngi.
Ngi tu o phi bit vn ln trn nhng gii hn hnh hi sc tng
ca tiu ng tin ln n bnh din v bin t ca i Ng, bnh din
ca t do v hnh phc trng tn. [10]
Nh vy Lo t ch cho ta thy ngun gc lo u su kh chnh l ci
phm thn ca ta, l ci tiu ng ca ta. Th tc l ngi dy ta: mun
thot kh phi i n ch v k, v ng.
Khng t t ti v ng. [11]
Pht gio ch trng dit ng.
Nh vy Pht, Lo, Khng u ch trng rng ci phm thn l gi
tng, ci chn tm, chn ng mi l con ngi ch thc, l Chn nhn.
Huyn hc u Chu cng cp hai con ngi:
- Mt con ngi ph phim, phm tc m cc nh huyn hc u lo r
b. [12]
- Mt con ngi siu vit, m cc nh huyn hc u mun thc
hin. [13]
3. Khng cu danh tranh li
Lo t kt lun rng ch nhng ngi khng cu danh, tranh li, ch
nhng ngi thot c ra ngoi vng phm thn, phm tm, mi l
nhng ngi xng ng cm u thin h.

[1] Su ch nhc trn u c ngha nh ch gi .

[2] Bn ca Lu T b ch qu , cho l tha, Cao Hanh cng ngh
vy.
[3] Nhiu sch ch vit: Sng vi h . Nhng Trn Danh
Nguyn v L o Thun sa li nh trn l: Sng vi thng,
nhc vi h .
[4] Ch qu y cng nn b i. (Cao Hanh).
[5] Hai ch nhc sau ngha nh ch tc (: th).

[6] celui qui est uniquement soucieux de la grandeur de

lempire (et non de la sienne), celui qui ne dsire que le bien
de lempire (et non le sien propre), qu celui-l on confie
lempire (et il sera en bonnes mains). -- Lon Wieger, Les Pres
du Systme Taoste.
[7] Men in great place are thrice servants, servants of the
sovereign or state, servants of fame, and servants of business;
so that they have no freedom, neither in their person, in their
actions, nor in their times. It is a strange desire to seek powers
over others, and to lose power over a mans self - (Bacon).The
New Dictionary of Thoughts, p. 250.
[8] High Stations tumult, not bliss create, - None think the great
unhappy, but the great (Young) ib. 251.
[9] La gloire des grands hommes tient pour un quart leur
audace, pour deux quarts au hasard, pour le dernier quart
leurs crimes. Encyclopdie des Citations, p. 432.
[10] The law of this Infinite life, which was in the Incarnation
expressing its own nature to a supreme degree, must then also
be the law of the finite life; in so far as that life aspries to
transcend individual limitations, rise to freedom and attain
union with Infinity. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 145.
[11] T tuyt t. V , v tt, v c, v ng : , ,
, (Lun Ng, T Hn chng 9, cu 4) c Khng c bn
khng: (1) Khng c ring (lng t dc); (2) Khng c lng k
tt, nhng bit ty cnh m lm; (3) Khng c chp, tc l bit
bao dung; (4) V ng: tc l khng v k, t k.
[12] Xem Everlyn Underhill, Mysticism, cc trang vit trong du
ngoc. Surface personality (272), surface consciousness (68),
superficial consciousness (?), superficial mind (69), surface
mind (262), the finite Life (145), the natural mind (122), the
lower nature (145, surface life (80).
[13] The transcendental consciousness (272), the interior man
(272), the mystical consciousness (273), the subliminal mind
(190), the superhuman plane (191), the supersensual plane

(147), subconscious deeps (80), the divine Substance (144),

the absolute (144), The Principle of Life (144), The Principle of
Restitution (144), The Infinite Life (145), The Divine (133), The
Archetypal world (186), the deified Life (212).
CHNG 14
TN HUYN

Hn vn:

, . , . , .
. . , , ,
. , . , .
. , . , .
Phin m:
1. Th chi bt kin, danh vit Di. Thnh chi bt vn, danh vit Hi. Bc
chi bt c, danh vit Vi. Th tam gi bt kh tr ct. [1] C hn nhi vi
nht.
2. K thng bt kiu. [2] K h bt mui. Thng thng [3] bt kh
danh, phc qui v vt. Th v v trng chi trng, v vt chi tng. Th v
bt ht hong, nghinh chi bt kin k th. Ty chi bt kin k hu.
3. Chp c chi o, d ng kim chi hu. Nng tri c thy, Th v o k.
[4]
Dch xui:
1. Nhn khng thy, gi l Di. Nghe khng thy, gi l Hi. Nm khng
c, gi l Vi. Ba iu y khng th suy cu n cng. Cho nn hp li
lm mt.
2. Trn n khng sng. Di n khng m. Min man dng dc m
khng th t tn. Ri li tr v ch khng c g. l trng thi ca ci
khng trng thi. Hnh tng ca ci khng c vt cht. Ci c hong ht,
n trc khng thy u, theo sau khng thy ui.
3. Gi ci o xa tr chuyn nay; bit ci u mi ca thi xa, y
l nm c ging mi o.
Dch th:

1. Gi l Di v nhn chng ni,

Nghe khng ra nn gi l Hi,
Thot tay nn gi l Vi,
Ba iu y, khn suy cho cng.
Suy khng cng nn chung lm mt,
2. Trn chng trong, di sut chng m,
Mung lung nn kh gi tha,
Min man bt tn nn v tng hnh.
Khng dng dp, siu linh ta gi,
Khng tng hnh nn mi siu linh.
Pht ph khng bng khng hnh,
u ui chng c, cung nghinh ng no.
3. nh phi sng m vo c gi.
Thu ngun xa l r o Tri.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li lun v o th. i khi Lo t cho rng o
th huyn vi, mung lung, o diu, thot tm kch quan nng ca con
ngi. i o v hnh tng, nn khng c u ui, d n trc theo
sau cng khng truy lng ra dng dp.
Tuy nhin, ta vn c cch bit c o, nu ta bit cch kho st i
sng cc v thnh nhn i trc. Hiu c thi c, tc l bit c
chuyn nay, hiu c o th.
*
Nh vy chng ny Lo t li lun v o v cho rng o v thanh
v x, bt kh t ngh.
Rmusat nm 1823 cho rng ba ch Di, Hi, Vi c l l c phin
m t cha (Yod, He, Vau, He: Yahweh: Thng ). Ch ny c l c
nhp vo Trung Hoa trc thi Lo t. Sau ny cc ng Victor von Strauss
(1870) v Bc s Edkins (1884) cng li ch trng nh vy. James Legge
cho rng ch trng ny vu khot. [5]

Ti khng ngh rng ba ch Di, Hi, Vi c phin m t ch YHVH

ca Do Thi, nhng bit chc l ni y Lo t bn v o th, tc l bn
v Thng theo t ng cc nh huyn hc. Nhan Hi cng ni trong
Lun ng:
Cng trng ln, cng thy cao,
Cng di vo cng thy kin c,
Mi thy ng trc,
Thot ra sau... [6]
Cc bc i thnh u chu, t Ruysbroeck, Jean de la Croix n
Thrse dAvila, u phn bit r rng gia Thc ti m h thy, vi nhng
hnh nh m h dng m t Thc ti y.
H lun lun ch trng nh Dionysius v Eckhart rng Ci m h
chim ngng vn khng c hnh tng. H li cng ch trng nh Jean
de la Croix rng: tm hn khng th no phi hip hon ton c vi
o, nu h cn phi qua trung gian ca Hnh, Thc, Sc, Tng. [7]
Pht cng ni: Nhc d sc kin Ng, d m thanh cu ng, th nhn
hnh t o, bt kin Nh Lai. , , ,
(Kim Cng kinh).
Nu o v hnh tng nh vy th lm sao m tm thy o? Cc
nh bnh gii on ny bnh gii mi ngi mt cch. Chung qui ta thy c
ba cch ny:
a) Mun tm o phi truy k nguyn, t lc cha c t tri. [8]
b) Mun tm o phi bit hi quang phn chiu, tm ra o th
y lng. [9]
c) Mun tm o, phi nng theo cch thc ca ngi xa.
Kho cc nh huyn hc, ta thy xa cng nh nay, o l ch c mt,
l: Tri chng xa ngi. Tewekkul Beg, mt nh huyn hc Hi gio th
k 17 ni: Ngi chnh l ti, th m trc kia ti u m, khng bit iu
huyn diu siu vit y. [10]
Plotin ni: Thng chng ngoi ai, nhng hin din trong mi s
vt, mc du mi ngi khng bit vy. Ni cch khc: Thn Cha
trong cc bn. [11]

Tuyt i m mi ngi tm cu khng c cao xa diu vi tch ri

khi v tr hnh tng bt ton ny, nhng ngay trong lng bin dch;
ng ch ngay ca lng con ngi v g v ch cho phm tm con
ngi dn d tm ra c kho tng ca n. [12]
i ng chn kinh cng vit: Tri vn d chng xa ngi.
(Thin nhn bn th v sai bit ); [13] v mc ch ca
khoa luyn an cng chnh l tm ra c, Thi cc, c Tri, c o
trong lng mnh. [14]
[1] Tr ct : gn hi n cng.
[2] Kiu : sng.
[3] Thng thng : min man.
[4] o k : ging mi ca o.
[5] Cf. J. Legge, The Textes of Taoism, p. 106.
[6] Nhan Uyn v nhin thn vit: Ngng chi di cao, ton chi di kin.
Chim chi ti tin, ht nhin (yn) ti hu : ,
. , () . Lun Ng, chng 9, cu 10.
[7] The great mystics, however - Ruysbroeck, St. John of the Cross, and St
Teresa herself in her later stages - distinguish clearly between the
indicible Realty which they perceive and the image under which they
describe it. Again and again they tell us with Dionysius and Eckhart,
that the Object of their contemplation hath no image: or with St John
of the Cross that the Soul can never attain to the height of the divine
union, so far as it is possible in this life, through the medium of any
forms or figures. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 94.
[8] C thy gi, ch i o ti Tng chi tin. C vn c thy ,
. . Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging
ngha, tr. 21b.
[9] Nhn nng phn quan t tnh, bt chc thanh sc, bt chp hu v,
tin nim bt khi, hu nim bt tc, nim nim bt hu, ly nht thit
sc tng, tc v trng chi trng, v tng chi tng, t nhin vn
php hn nhi vi nht. , , , ,

 , , , , ,
. Ib. tr. 32a.
[10] Thou art I, but dark was my heart, I knew not the secret
transcendent says Tewekkul Beg, a moslem mystic of the
seventeenth century. Cf. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 119.
[11] God says Plotinus is not external to anyone, but is present with all
things, though they are ignorant that he is so. In other and older
words: The Spirit of God is within you. Ib. p. 119.
[12] The Absolute Whom all seek does not hold Himself aloof from an
imperfect material Universe, but dwells within the flux of things:
stands as it were at the very threshold of consciousness and knocks,
awaiting the the selfs slow discovery of her treasures. Evelyn
Underhill, Mysticism p. 119.
[13] Thin nhn bn thi v sai bit; Nht im linh quang hn thi huyn.
; . Tr. 5b.
[14] i ng chn kinh: an gi h d, nhn trung chi thi cc d
: , .

CHNG 15
HIN C

Hn vn:

, , . , .
. . . .
. . , . , .
. , . , .
Phin m:
1. C chi thin vi s [1] gi, vi diu huyn thng, thm bt kh thc.
Ph duy bt kh thc, c cng vi chi dung.
2. D [2] yn nhc ng thip xuyn. Do [3] h nhc y t ln.
Nghim [4] h k nhc khch.[5]Hon h nhc bng chi tng thch.
n h k nhc phc.[6] Khong [7] h k nhc cc. Hn h k nhc
trc.

3. Thc nng trc d ch, tnh nhi t thanh. Thc d [8] an d cu ng

nhi t sinh.[9]
4. Bo th o gi bt dc doanh. Ph duy bt doanh c nng t,
[10] bt tn thnh.[11]
Dch xui:
1. Bc hon thin xa siu vi, huyn diu, thm thy, thng sut; thm
thy khn lng. V kh lng nn gng t hnh dung.
2. Cc ngi thn trng nh ma ng i qua sng; cc ngi e d s
lng ging bn bn; knh cn nh khch; lnh lng nh bng tan; mc mc
cht phc nh cha o gt; man mc nh hang ni; hn mang nh nc
c.
3. Ai c th c m nh tnh li dn dn trong. Ai c th yn m nh
ng li dn dn linh hot.
4. K gi o khng mun y. Ch v khng mun y, nn mi che
du v chng i mi.
Dch th:
1. Ai ngi xa khun theo o c,
Sng huyn vi, rt kh tri tng.
Nay ta gn p vn chng,
Hnh dung dng dp, liu ng phc ra.
2. H e p nh qua bng tuyt,
H ng ngng nh khip lng ging.
Hnh dung khch kh trang nghim,
Bng tan, tuyt tn, nh in lnh lng.
H y n nh tung mc mc,
Nhng phiu khinh man mc hang su.
Hn mang ng nc c ngu,
3. c ngu lng xung mt mu trong veo.
Ng cc mt chiu an phn,
No ai hay sng ng khn lng.

4. Ph hoa gom gp chng mng,

Ai say o c, coi thng ph hoa.
Sng n dt, khng a thanh th,
Vic th gian h d i thay.
BNH GING
Chng ny chng t cc bc chn nhn c o c t thng c.
Lo t cho rng cc ngi l nhng ngi siu vit huyn vi, nan trc, nn
rt kh hnh dung. Tuy nhin, Lo t cng phc ha ra chn dung mt
v chn nhn c o.
1. Bc chn nhn c o vi, diu, huyn, thng.
(Vi = n o; Diu = bt trc; Huyn = u thm; Thng = v
ngi.) n o, huyn vi, t thng, bt t, hnh tung khn lng, in ta
thn minh.
2. Cc ngi thn trng nh ngi qua sng bng gi, bui ng thin.
S cn thn l mt c tnh c hu ca cc bc trit nhn. Kinh Dch
vit:
E d thng bt bnh xe,
H kia ui t, ngi b li sng.
Th thi mi khi li lm.
(Dch, qu K t, ho S lc)
3. Cc ngi knh cn nh s lng ging. Bc ch nhn lun lun knh s
Tri, knh s o tim n y lng mnh, nn lc no cng thn trng, nn
du mt mnh cng tng nh ni: mi mt trng vo, mi tay ch
vo (Thp mc s th, thp th s ch, k nghim h.) , ,
(i hc, chng 6)
4. V tin rng Tri, o cng ng tr trong lng mi ngi nn cc ngi
i vi ai cng nghim trang cung knh, nh gp khch qu. [12]
5. Cc ngi, mi thot gp, c mt v ngoi lnh lng. y chnh l:
Qun t chi giao m nh thy

Tiu nhn chi giao cam nh mt .

Tng Long Uyn li gii rng cc bc nhn xa coi mi chuyn i nh

l bo nh quang hoa (Xem: o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 23).
6. Cc ngi c mt v ngoi n s, cht phc. Lun Ng cng ni:
Nhng ngi cng ngh, cht phc, t ni thi gn s hon thin.[13]
7. Cc ngi c mt tm hn rng ri, bao la, khng cu n c chp.
Uyn Gim loi hm ghi: Thnh nhn c lng v tr. [14]
8. Cc ngi sng cuc i n dt, khng ph trng thanh th c ,
ti nng.
l ch trng: Thao quang hi tch, n thnh hin phm (che bt
nh sng lm m du tch, che du v thnh, lm l nt phm) ca ngi
xa. [15]
9. V th cho nn cc bc thnh nhn b ngoi thi rt tm thng,
tng chng nh vn c, l, m b trong thi trong tro, linh ng. o
c kinh chng 70 vit:
Xa nay cc bc thnh nhn,
Ngc tng di lp qun o xc x.
10. Thnh nhn khng chung ph hoa; chng nhng khng a ph
trng thanh th, hin ti (t) m cng chng m c vinh quang tng
lai [16] cng nh chng c nhng mng tng chc nc quy tri.[17]
[1] M T Lun, Ph Dch u vit: Thin chi vi o gi .
[2] D : do d.
[3] Do : do d.
[4] Nghim : nghim trang.
[5] Khch : c sch vit l dung.
[6] Phc : cht phc.
[7] Khong : rng.
[8] Tng Long Uyn thay ch d bng ch nng .
[9] Lu T i c cu ny li nh sau: Thc nng hi d l chi t minh; thc
nng trc d tnh chi t thanh; thc nng an d ng chi (ch) t sinh
, ; ( ) .

[10] C sch vit l t (che). H Thng Cng gii l che du nh sng.

C sch vit l t (t lu, xu). C sch vit l t (nt, t).
[11] Tn thnh : H Thng Cng gii l qu cng danh.
[12] Xut mn nh kin i tn, s dn nh tha i t. ,
. Lun ngchng 12 Nhan Uyn.
[13] Cng, ngh, mc, nt cn nhn , , , . Lun Ng, chng
13, cu 27.
[14] Thnh nhn gi, thin a chi lng d , (Trnh t
). Uyn gim loi hm , q. IV, tr. 4670, mc ch Thnh .
[15] Xem Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 22-23.
[16] Th nh v lai chi cng danh, v lai chi vinh qu, giai th tn thnh chi
s , , . Tng Long
Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 24.
[17] Celui qui garde cette rgle de ne pas se consumer en dsirs striles
dun tat chimrique, celui l vivra volontiers dans lobscurit, et ne
prtendra pas renouveler le monde. -- Wieger, Les Pres du
Systme Taoste, p. 30.

CHNG 16
QUI CN

Hn vn:

, . , . , .
, . . . , , .
. . . . . . .
Phin m:
1. Tr h cc, th tnh c.
2. Vn vt tnh tc, ng d quan k phc.[1] Ph vt vn vn, cc qui
k cn. [2]
3. Qui cn vit tnh. Tnh vit phc mng.[3] Phc mng vit thng.
4. Tri thng vit minh. Bt tri thng, vng tc, hung.[4]

5. Tri thng dung. Dung ni cng. Cng ni vng.[5] Vng ni thin.

Thin ni o. o ni cu.[6] Mt [7] thn bt i.[8]
Dch xui:
1. H khng cng cc, ht sc yn tnh.
2. Vn vt ua sng, ta nhn xem chng tr v (ngun). Vn vt
trng trng u tr v ci.
3. Tr v ci r l tnh; tnh l phc mnh; phc mnh tc l trng
cu.
4. Bit trng cu mi l sng sut. Khng bit trng cu s lm
cn v gy hung ha.
5. Bit trng cu s thung dung nh cng hu vng tc, s hp
vi Tri vi o. Hp o ri s cu trng: thn c mt i, cng chng
nguy hi g.[9]
Dch th:
Th tch khi vng i lun chuyn,
lng thinh ngm chuyn trn hon.
Mun loi sinh ha a oan,
Ri ra cng phi lai hon bn nguyn.
Hon bn nguyn, an nhin phc mnh.
Phc mnh ri trng vnh v cng.
Bit trng tn mi l thng,
Trng tn khng bit, ra lng tc yu.
Bit trng tn mun iu th thi,
Lng ung dung hng khoi cng hu.
Cng hu, vng tc, xa u,
Vt thang thn thnh, ln bu tri cao.
Ln tri thm ha vo o c,
Cng t tri, mun tha trng sinh.
Xc tan, chng hi chi mnh.[10]
BNH GING

1. i n ch h cc, tnh c tc l tch ri khi vng bin

chuyn ca trn hon, d o hp chn, huyn ha vi Tri vi o.
H cc tc l khi lng trng, khng cn vn vng sc tng, trn
ai, tc ly. Tnh c tc l khi tm t khng pht sinh mt nim l no.
Tch ri khi vng bin dch, nhn xem dng bin dch s chuyn
hng v u? Lo t cho thy vn s bin dch chung qui s tr v ci
gc, m ci gc y chnh l Tri, l o. Bit c l phn phc, tun hon
ca V tr, tc l bao qut c l Dch. l quan nim Nht bn tn
vn th; Vn th qui nht bn. , ca trit hc
ng Phng.
l mt cuc bin ha c hai chiu tin thoi, thng ging, thnh
suy, thc hin mt vng tun hon ca To Ha. Khoa hc ngy nay
mi ch bit rng tin ha c mt chiu theo nh lut Dng tiu m
trng (hot lc gim, tim lc tng) ca Carnot Clausius.[11] Nhng cc
nh huyn hc u sm nhn thy vng trn hon bin dch y ca v tr.
Radhakhrishman ni: u v cui s n khp vi nhau. [12] Lch trnh
ca lch s t thn minh i xung, v ri ra s tr v li Thn
minh. [13]
Cc mn phi trit hc ng n hay Trung hoa, cng u nhn
nh rng: V tr ny c tr v tm, tr v ngun mi thot c s ph
tn, suy vong.[14]
Kho cc Gio ph Cng gio, ta thy ch c Origne l c ch trng
nh Lo t. Origne cho rng mi hn phm ti trn gian, khi cht i,
s b la lm cho tinh khit, ri dn d, cc tm hn sa a y, cng nh
ma qu, s siu thng dn dn; cui cng s c thanh lc hon ton v
s sng li trong nhng th xc khinh phiu v Thng s l mi s
trong mi ngi.[15]
Bit c l phn phc, tun hon ca tri t ta s thy v tr ny
sinh ha tuy c nhng chu k c nh nh khng bao gi cng, khng bao
gi ht min man v tn.
Bit c nh y, s thung dung, khinh khot, v s phng tm tu
luyn i n ch huyn ha vi Tri vi o, v du ci xc ny tiu ma
i theo nh lut chi phi vt cht, th t l ci thn ta cng vnh cu vi
t tri...

[1] Bn ca Ph Dch chp: Ng d quan k phc. Nhiu bn chp: Ng

d quan phc. H Thng Cng chp: Ng d th quan k
phc. .
[2] Nhiu bn vit: Cc phc qui k cn. . Bn ca Ph Dch
khng c ch phc: .
[3] Nhiu bn chp l Th v phc mng . Nhng bn ca La
Chn Ngc Cnh Long ng ch v Anh Lun u vit:
Tnh vit phc mng. .
[4] Vng tc : lm cn.
[5] Bn ca Vng Bt chp: Cng ni vng, vng ni thin ,
. Nhng nhiu bn sa l: Cng ni chu, chu ni thin ,
.
[6] Nm ch ni trn trong bn Cnh Long u i thnh ch
nng .
[7] Mt : ht.
[8] i : nguy.
[9] Cc nh bnh gii thng hiu on ny nh sau: Bit trng cu s
bao dung, bao dung s cng bnh; cng bnh s bao qut; bao qut l
Tri, Tri l o. o th trng cu. Chung thn khng nguy.
[10] on sau c th dch khc nh sau:
Bit trng tn mun chiu khoan qung,
Lng bao dung, rng chon cn khn.
Bao dung, rng ri ngn mun,
Nh tri, bao qut chng cn ring t,
Khng ring t, y nh o c,
Hp o ri, mun tha lu lai.
Tiu tan l ci hnh hi,
Tinh thn u s mun i trng sinh.
[11] Lenergie se dgrade et lunivers tend vers limmobilit. Andr
Lamouche - La destine humaine, Flammarion, p. 94.

Rappelons que le Principe de Carnot traduit la tendance de lnergie

se dgrader ou se dissiper, ce qui entraine une augmentation de
lentropie, cest--dire de lextension spatiale de lnergie au cours de
ses transformations. Ib. p. 49 note 16.
... Cest cette marche sens unique, toujours dans le sens de
dgradation irrversible, qui justifie le nom de principe dvolution par
lequel on dsigne souvent le second principe de Carnot. Ib. p. 95.
[12] Radhakrishman says, There is coincidence of the beginning and the
end. Grace E. Cairns,Philosophy of History, p. 312.
[13] The process of history has come from the divine Spirit and to the
Divine Spirit it returns. Ib. 312.
[14] For all Oriental cyclical Philosophyes - Hindou, Buddhist, Jain or
Chinese, Taoist, Yoga system -spiritual freedom is the goal. This means
escape from the bondage of the matter world of fragmentation and
desintegration - to the world of spiritual unit and integration with the
one, the Center, who is at the same time the All. Ib., p. 459.
[15] Un point principal de sa (Origne) doctrine tait lapocastatase
universlle; les mes de ceux qui ont commis le pch sur la terre,
vont aprs la mort, dans un feu de puri- fication, mais peu peu
toutes, ainsi que les dmons, montent de degr en degr et
finalement, totalement purifies, ressusciteront dans des corps thrs
et Dieu sera de nouveau tout en tous. Berthold Altaner, Prcis de
Patrologie, p. 306.

CHNG 17
THUN PHONG

Hn vn:

, . , . , . , .
, . , . , .
Phin m:
1. Thi thng,[1] h [2] tri hu chi.
2. K th, thn nhi d chi.

3. K th, y chi.
4. K th, v chi. Tn bt tc yn, hu bt tn yn.
5. Du h,[3] k qu ngn. Cng thnh, s toi, bch tnh v ng t
nhin.
Dch xui:
1. Thnh qun thi c xa (cai tr), dn di khng bit rng c.
2. Bc di, h thn v ngi khen. Bc di na h s. Bc di na,
h khinh. V khng tin, nn dn khng tin.
3. Bc thnh xa qu li ni. Cng vic xong xui, m dn u bo
rng: T nhin bi ta.
Dch th:
Thnh xa tr nc, tr dn,
Bn dn di coi gn nh khng.
Ri ra thn cn tn ng,
Ri ra s hi, ri m khinh nhn.
Bi khng th tn ng hong,
Cho nn dn mi ng ngng chng tin.
Thnh xa li ni gi gn,
Khi xong cng vic, dn xem t mnh.
BNH GING
Lo t cho thy nn chnh tr Trung Hoa tri qua nhiu thi k, v
cng ngy cng sa a, t thi i hong kim v vi nhi tr
xung dn mi cho ti thi k hu vi dng b o tr dn.
d b kho st, ta c th chia nn chnh tr Trung Hoa thnh nhiu
thi k nh sau:
1. Trc thi Tam Hong v thi Tam Hong (khong 2800 tr
v trc) (Phc Hi , Thn Nng , Chc Dung ). [4] l thi
ca V vi nhi tr .
2. Thi Ng (2700 - 2200) (Hong , Chuyn Hc ,
Cc [Khc] , Nghiu , Thun ). [5] l thi ca c tr .

Thi ny pht minh ra l nhc, tn ti trt t, cung tht, o xng, th tch,

xe c, cu , v.v.
3. Thi Tam Vng (2200 - 1000): [i V (2505-2197);
Thnh Thang (1766-1753); V Vng [6] (1122-1115)]. l thi
ca Ngha tr v Hnh pht .
4. Thi Ng B () (t 1000 v sau): [T Hon Cng
(683-641); Tn Vn Cng (634-626); Tn Mc Cng ()
(673-644); Tng Tng Cng (649-653); S Trang Vng
(612-589)]. l thi ca Tr tr v Mu lc .
- Thi thi thng tc l thi Tam Hong v trc. Thi y cc bc chn
qun tr dn bng phng php v vi, t nhin n ni dn nh khng hay
khng bit.
Trang t vit: Thi ch c, khng chung hin, khng dng ti; ngi
trn nh cnh cy (r bng m khng hay); ngi di nh hu rng (n
nng bng m khng n). Cc bc lnh o c x oan chnh m khng
cho th l ngha; thng yu m khng bit l nhn; thnh thc m
khng bit th l trung; x phi m khng bit th l tn; hot ng lao tc
mt cch t nhin m khng mong bo n. V th nn khng c chuyn
g ni bt, v cng chng c s k. [7]
Thi bui v vi, ni ng ci, dn chng thng g m t m ca
rng: Sng lm, ti ngh, o ging ung, trng ta n, c thy u
c vua reo rc n ta? [8]
- Kp n thi Ng , dn chng ngy cng cm thy nh hng ca
vua cha, v thn vua, khen vua.
- n thi Tam Vng, vua cha bt u xa dn, hnh pht c
by t, php lut tr nn cht ch, nn dn chng m ra s st cc
nh lnh o.
- n thi Ng B, v vua cha dng xo thut, mu k chim nc,
ot dn, nn dn bt u khinh khi, khng cn mn phc nh cm quyn
na.
Chung qui cng l v vua cha khng bit th tn i vi dn. Lo t
kt lun rng nh vua cn phi thn trng trong li n ting ni, v phi
bit cai tr cho ht sc kho lo, t nh, n ni khi mt cng trnh g hon

tt, dn vn tng l do dn lm, ch khng phi do vua ch xng v

iu ng.
Tm li tr dn m v vi mi tt, cn i vo hu vi th d t, d
nhiu cng vn chng hay. [9]Thm ch Trang t cho rng con ngi bt
u sa a t thi Toi Nhn (Toi Nhn pht minh ra la) v Phc
Hi (Phc Hi lp ra qui ch hn phi gia nh). [10]
[1] Thi thng : bc ch nhn, thnh c. H Thng Cng cho l
bc Thi c v danh chi qun . C sch vit: H bt
tri hu chi .
[2] H : ngi dn.
[3] Do : theo H Thng Cng. -- Du : theo Vng Bt.
[4] Theo Bch H thng .
[5] Theo i i, L k.
[6] Theo T Nguyn.
[7] Trang t Nam Hoa Kinh, Thin a.
[8] V qui h v vi chi th, khang c lo nhn kch nhng nhi ca:
Nht xut nhi tc, nht nhp nhi tc, tc tnh nhi m, canh in nhi
thc, lc h hu ng tai? , :
, , , , ? L Vn
Hng , Trung Quc tn thin t vn , tr. 44.
[9] Vn Trung t cng c ni: Cng quc chin binh, b quc chin tr,
vng quc chin ngha, quc chin c, hong quc chin v vi
, , , , . Xem Nguyn
Duy Cn, Lo t, o c kinh, q. I, tr. 108.
[10] Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, p. 332-333.

CHNG 18
TC BC

Hn vn:

, . , . , . ,
.

Phin m:
1. i o ph,[1] hu nhn ngha.
Tr tu [2] xut, hu i ngy.
2. Lc thn [3] bt ha, hu hiu t.
3. Quc gia hn lon, hu trung thn.[4]
Dch xui:
1. i o mt mi c nhn ngha,
Tr tu sinh mi c di tr ln.
2. Lc thn bt ha, nn c k tho ngi lnh.
3. Quc gia ri lon mi c trung thn.
Dch th:
o c ht, o huyn ng ht,
Mi lan trn hc thuyt ngha nhn.
Tr sinh, tr ngy sinh dn,
(Dn gian cn bit thin chn l g !)
Tnh gia tc mt khi suy gim,
Hiu t sinh trong m chu con.
Quc gia gp lc m hn,
Trung thn xut hin, giang sn ly lon.
BNH GING
Lo cng nh Trang, ch trng sng thun theo t nhin khng lm
sai thc tnh ca tnh mnh, khng b mt thin chn, khng b mt l
thng nhin i.
Mun c vy phi trnh mi chuyn hu vi gi to, du s hu vi gi
to y l l tng ngha nhn.
Th rng sng ngha nhn, m khng bit ngha nhn l g, cn hn
nu cao chiu bi ngha nhn, m li sng bt nhn, bt ngha.
Th rng nh n c sng tung tng trong nc, m khng n
nc l qu, cn hn l lm n c mc cn thiu nc phi mm ri cho
nhau t tnh thng nhau.[5]

Trang t, trong thin M , vit nh sau: Thi xa dn sng t

nhin, theo tnh t nhin. Mi ngi u canh ci ly o mc, cy ba ly
la n. H sng kt thnh mt hn khi duy nht khng h chia ly, thun
theo tnh t nhin.
Thi bui t nhin thun ty y, mi ngi i li rong chi ph ch,
ngm cnh mc tnh, chng c php tc no chi phi dng i iu ng,
li nhn ca h. Thi y, trn ni khng c ng ngang, li ngch, khng
c hm h; di nc khng c thuyn, p. Mun vt ua sinh, chung
sng. Cho nn c th buc th vt dt i chi; t qu, qut c th tro ln
xem m khng hi. Thi y, ngi chung sng vi vt v cha c chuyn
k th qun t tiu nhn. Tt c u sng hn nhin thun phc, vui theo
tnh tri.
Kp n thnh nhn cm ci lm nhn, tp tnh lm ngha, m thin
h mi mt t tin; lan man lm nhc, khm nm lm l, m thin h mi
chia ly... [6]
Nh vy tc l i mt php lp, l mt t sinh. Cng mt l, c
cht cng m mang, con ngi cng tr nn so tr.
Gia nh c o in th mi c s phn bit ai l hiu t, ai l ng
nghch. Quc gia c hn lon, th mi c s phn bit gia trung thn v
nghch tc.
Do nh no c ngi hiu t l du hiu nh suy vi, khng c
tinh thun; nc m c trung thn tc l nc lon ly, lng dn
k Tn ngi S chia phi.
Nh vy, theo Lo t, lch s loi ngi suy vi dn t mt thi hong
kim, cn ngi dn dn bc xung thi bc, ng, st, thp, lon ly,
ngy to. Chnh v th m H Thng Cng dng hai ch Tc bc m
gi chng ny. Tc bc l phong tc mt ngy mt tr nn ph phim
bc bo.
S sa a y c Trang t m t:
Thi thng c l thi o c,
Thi i nh, Lt Lc, Chc Dong,
Hin Vin, Ly Sc, Thn Nng.
Phc Hi, Hch T, Hong,[7] Trung [8] Dung Thnh.

Thi bui y thanh bnh an lc,

V chng dn thun phc ung dung.
Tht thng, bn li m dng,
n ngon, mc p cha tng xn xang.
Thi bui y lm bang gip cnh,
Ting g ku, ch cn u nghe,
Tuy khng cch tr sn kh,
Nhng khng tip xc i v vi nhau.
Thi bui y u u cng tr,
Sng yn bnh n th thi thi...
Ngy nay, ngi chy theo ngi,
Thot nghe hin thnh, l si ln tm.
m cm go, i xem cho tha,
B thn tnh, b c vic quan.
Xe xe, nga nga min man,
Trc sau n nc tng on ko i.
Thch khn kho, thch nghe khn kho.
Nn lon ly trm no pht sinh,
Cng khn, cng lon nhn tnh,
Cng khn ngoan lm, iu linh cng nhiu.
Cng cung n, cng iu d by,
Thi chim tri cng sy, cng sa.
Cnh nhiu mi, li, , l,
Thi thi c nc nhng lo cng phin.
Cng cm by, li, ken, ke, ly,
Thi th rng cng thy lao lung.
Lc la, tr tr cng tng,
Cng nhiu bin thuyt, nh nhng cng nhiu.
Thin h thch tm iu chng bit,

iu bit ri li xp mt bn,
Tng l khng phi ch lin,
Tng l phi mt nim chp n.
y v th sinh b sinh ng,
Th cho nn sinh lon, sinh ly.
Lm cho nht nguyt m i,
Lm cho sng ni tinh huy gim dn.
Lm su b phong trn, nhn nhc,
Lm mung chim ng ngc bn chn,
Gh thay l bnh thch khn,
Lm cho thin m, a hn cng v.
B im m, v vi b ht,
Ch a iu bp xp, lng nhng,
No hay bp xp x xng
L ngun ly lon, l lng xa ry. [9]
[1] Ph : b.
[2] H Thng Cng v nhiu bn khc vit: Tr hu .
[3] Lc thn : cha m, ch bc, anh em.
[4] Bn Ph Dch i l hu trinh thn . -- Bn Qung Minh
(i ng Hi Tng ), sau mi v trn, li c thm ch yn ;
tc l sau cc ch ph , xut , ha , lon , u c ch yn .
[5] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, Nhng Tng dch, tr. 245.
[6] Trang t, Nam Hoa kinh, chng IX, M , on B, v C.
Xem Nhng Tng dch, Nam Hoa kinh, tr. 170.
Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, tr. 275.
[7] Hong: B Hong .
[8] Trung: Trung ng .

i nh , Lt Lc , Chc Dung , Hin Vin , Ly Sc

, Thn Nng , Phc Hi , Hch T , B Hong , Trung
ng , Dung Thnh .
[9] Phng dch chng Kh Khip , Trang t Nam Hoa kinh, chng 10.

CHNG 19
HON THUN

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. , . . . .
Phin m:
1. Tuyt thnh kh tr, dn li bch bi. [1]
2. Tuyt nhn kh ngha, dn phc hiu t. [2]
3. Tuyt [3] xo kh [4] li, o tc v hu.
4. Th tam gi d vi vn,[5] bt tc. [6]
5. C lnh hu s thuc. [7] Kin [8] t bo phc. Thiu t qu dc.
Dch xui:
1. Dt thnh b tr, dn li gp trm.
2. Dt thn b ngha dn li tho lnh.
3. Dt kho, b li, khng c trm cp.
4. Ba iu ho nhong bn ngoi, chng vo u.
5. Phi ch trng iu ny: Gi vn tinh anh, cht phc: t ring ty, t
ham mun.
Dch th:
1. Dt b thnh, khinh thng tiu tr,
Trong dn gian, li s gp trm.
2. Tung h, nhn, ngha, chng cn,
T nhin dn s mi phn hiu t,
3. Dt kho lo cng l ti li,

Dn theo gng b thi gian tham.

4. Ra chi ph phim v vn,
Ct sao nm gi c phn tinh hoa.
5. Hin dng o, sng cho phc thit,
t am m v t ring ty.
BNH GING
Chng ny c H Thng Cng t tn l Hon thun. i khi,
Lo t khuyn ta hy b ht mi iu nhn vi, nhn to tr v i sng
t nhin; hy r b nhng qui c x hi t tng con ngi sng cho
khinh khot; hy gt b lng tiu k tham dc, sng i thun phc
ha ng.
Trc ht Lo t khuyn ta hy dt thnh, b tr.
Ch thnh y khng c ngha l v thnh nhn chn thc thc hin
c thin chn, sng theo thin l, m l nhng bc thng minh hn
ngi, thng lm qun s cho vua cha, v vi cho vua cha bit nhng
php tc, ng li khng tr dn.[9]
Tr y khng phi l nhng ngi i tr, thu sut c bn tnh,
nhn thy c thin chn tim n y lng, m l nhng bc tiu tr
by ra trm mu ngn chc m hoc lng ngi.
Lo t cho rng dp c nhng hng thnh, tr y i dn chng s
hnh phc hn nhiu.
Lo t cng cho rng em nhng chiu bi nhn ngha ra m dy
dn tc l lm cho lng dn ri lon, khng cn bit th no l sng theo
t nhin, v bc dn vo i sng gi to.
Trang t cng ch trng: Ti sao khng cho dn sng t nhin?
Ti sao li mun cho dn qun mt bn tnh ca h? T khi vua Thun
(khong 2255) dng khu hiu Nhn Ngha lm lc hng con ngi,
con ngi tr nn kh s, v b t tng trong nhng khun kh gi to,
nhn vi.[10]
Lo t khuyn ta dt kho, b li th mi c th sng an bnh. X hi
chng ta ngy nay mc bnh chung kho, ham li, nn mi kh s v
nhng nn ao binh, o tc ln nh; ln nh i chinh phc nc ngi,

nh nh i cp git ca ngi, hoc by ra nhng mu thn chc qu

moi mc tin ngi.
Lo t cho rng nhng ci ho nhong bn ngoi khng th no tha
mn c con ngi. Con ngi mun sng hnh phc vn cn phi quay
v vi thin chn, vi t nhin.[11] Tm li, thin chn, thin tnh bao gi
cng hn nhn vi qui c. Trang t vit trong thin Kh Khip i khi nh
sau:
... Lm php tc lon ly cng lm,
Cng v vi cng lm iu linh.
Thnh sinh, o chch cng sinh,
Thnh tiu, trm cp l mnh tiu lun.
Lm u hc, ong lng, cn tri,
By tn ph, by ngi, by nhn.
Cng nhiu php tc gian trn,
Gian ngoan iu trc cng tng thm hoi.
n cp nh mi tai, mi ha,
n cp nhiu, thi b, thi vng.
B vng ri cng hunh hoang,
Chiu hin, i khch xnh xang quanh mnh.
Nn dt thnh, dt tnh vi tr,
Thi cp ngy s b li sinh.
Trm chu, m ngc tan tnh,
Ri ra trm cp lu manh ht lin.
Ph n tn, dn nn thun phc,
p u cn, dn gc ghen tung,
Ph tan thnh php k cng,
Ri ra dn s rng ng ti lui.
Vt n so, bt tai S Khong,
Thi chng dn s sng tai ra.
Tung h mu sc, vn hoa,

Cho m van v, cho nha Ly Chu.

Hy hy hn giy, cu, khun thc,
Tay Cng Thy tm chc cht i.
S, Tng ta hy khinh khi,
B mm Dng, Mc, bt i phin.
iu nhn ngha o in hy b,
B i ri s r Huyn ng
Huyn ng l chnh thn thng,
Hp cng o c, ung dung vn ngh.
Ka Tng, S, Cng Thy, S Khong,
Hng Ly Chu v hng Mc Dng,
u l nhn c ph trng,
Rc bu tinh ty, huyn hoang bn ngoi.
Chnh v vy gieo tai gieo ha,
Lon dn tnh, lon c nc non,
Tng l ch li ngn mun,
No ng in o, mi mn lng ai. [12]
Trang t cng cn vit trong thin i Tng S i khi nh sau:
i trn th l i mng o,
Tnh vi m ln lo, khc chi.
T sinh nh vi i,
Nh thay hnh tng c chi bn lng.
D nam bc ty ng cng vy,
Tri bo sao ta hy vui theo,
Mc cho ngoi cnh xoay chiu,
Gi lng to ha phiu diu tha tnh.
em thn gi mnh mng bt ngt,
Thi thn ny mt mt lm sao.
Mun tm ra o ch cao,

M khng suy tng, nh no tm ra.

Hy thu lm tinh hoa s sch,
Hy khi tung ngun mch y lng,
H v khi khai thng,
Ri ra s c huyn ng chng sai.
Tm Tri, phi qun i, qun cnh,
Qun ph sinh, o nh bn ngoi,
Tm hn khi ht pha phi,
Mi mong rc r nh Tri hin ra.
thy o, u l kim c,
Ht c kim, vo ch trng sinh.
Ham sinh, thi li iu linh,
Ph sinh chng chung, thn minh y l,
Hy c gng vt qua nhn ngha,
Hy qun i nghi l ca i,
Qun mnh, qun c hnh hi,
Thng minh, tr tu gc ngoi tm linh.
Hy hp vi v hnh, v tng,
Cng i thng v lng snh i.
Th l c o, c Tri,
Thot vng bin ha mun i trng sinh. [13]
[1] Bch bi : gp trm.
[2] Phc : tr li.
[3] Tuyt : dt.
[4] Kh : b.
[5] Vn : v ho nhong bn ngoi.
[6] Bt tc : khng .
[7] Nguyn Duy Cn v Nghim Ton c l chc.

[8] Nghim Ton c l hin.

[9] Ta thy nhiu chng khc Lo t thng cp n bc thnh nhn
chn chnh.
[10] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, chng Bin mu, on A. -- Les Pres du
Systme Taoste, p. 271.
[11] The work of the Church ends when the knowledge of God begins.
Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 199.
[12] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, chng 10, Kh Khip, on B.
[13] Nam Hoa kinh, chng 6, i tng s, cc on F, G, H.

CHNG 20
D TC

Hn vn:

. , . , .
, . . , , .
, . . ,
. . , .
, . . . .
, .
Phin m:
1. Tuyt hc v u. Duy [1] chi d a,[2] tng kh k h.[3]
Thin chi d c tng kh nhc h.[4]
2. Nhn chi s y, bt kh bt y. Hoang [5] h k v ng tai.[6]
3. Chng nhn hi hi [7] nh hng thi lao,[8] nh ng xun i.
4. Ng c bc [9] h k v triu, nh anh nhi chi v hi.[10] Luy
luy [11] h nhc v s qui.
5. Chng nhn giai hu d, nhi ng c nhc di.[12] Ng
ngu [13] nhn chi tm d tai. n n h[14] chng nhn [15] chiu
chiu,[16] ng c hn hn.[17] Chng nhn[18] st st,[19] ng c
mun mun.[20] m [21] h k nhc hi.[22] Liu [23] h nhc v ch.
[24] Chng nhn giai hu d [25] nhi ng ngoan [26] th b.[27]

6. Ng c d nhn, nhi qu thc mu.

Dch xui:
1. Dt hc, ht lo. D vi i khc nhau bao lm? Lnh vi d khc nhau
my tm?
2. Ci m ngi s, ta h khng s, nhng khng n ni hong ht
mt tinh thn. [28]
3. Ngi i hn h, nh hng c bn, nh ln i xun.
4. Ring ta lng l, chng cht ph trng, y nh tr th, cha bit
mm ci. Dng iu ph phc, lnh nh v nh.
5. Chng nhn c tha, ring ta thiu thn. Lng ta ngu dt thay, m
mt tay. Ngi i sng chi, ring ta mt m. Vng lng nh bin khi, vi
vu nh gi thi. Mi ngi u c ch dng, ring ta ngu xun, th kch.
6. Ring ta sng khc ngi, v khng la xa m thin nhin.
Dch th:
1. R tc hc, s qun lo lng,
D vi i khc ng bao lm.
2. D lnh khc my tm,
Ci iu ngi s, bnh tm c no.
Nhng chng ni ra vo ht hong,
Lo th lo nhng chng bng hong.
3. Ngi vui nh hng c bn,
Vui nh try hi ng n tit xun.
4. Ring ta nn lng tn ngn,
Nh tung tr nt cha phn bit g.
Ta ng ngn bit i u t,
5. Ngi giu sang, ta h b qun!
Lng ta ngu n thp hn,
Ngi i sng sut, sao ring ta n.
Ngi xt nt, bin phn mi l,
Ch ring ta qunh qu, trong sung.

Mnh mang trn mt trng dng,

Mc cho gi cun, sng vng khng ngng.
Ai cng c ch dng li ch,
Ch ring ta th kch ng gn.
Nay ta sng khc nhn gian,
V a sa m mun ngn th sinh.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t c m t s khc bit gia hai li sng: (a) Li
sng ca thnh nhn; (b) Li sng ca phm nhn.
Thnh nhn khng my bn tm v nn tc hc v thy hiu rng
trong th gii tng i ny, d hay, gii dt cng ch l nh tung o ha.
C bit nh y, s thy lng c thung dung, khinh khot.
Tc nhn lo ci g, thnh nhn lo ci y; nhng tc nhn th lo n ht
hong mt tinh thn, cn thnh nhn th khng bao gi ngoi cnh lm
xao xuyn tm thn.
Phm nhn chy theo ph du, o nh bn ngoi, lao u vo nhng
th n chi, i cc. Thnh nhn thi sng thanh m, bn b cng nhng
th vui cao khit tinh thn, nn thng b ngi i coi l qu kch, lc
hu, thoi ha.
Phm nhn chy theo ti li, c sc tch ti li; cn thnh nhn th li
khng am tng nhng cung cch kim tin.
Phm nhn t ra sc so, tnh ton rch ri mi chuyn th gian; thnh
nhn khng my lu tm n th s, nn khi lm s, thng vng v,
ngy th, khng th c nhng th on gian ngoan, xo nguyt.
Xt theo tiu chun th tc, th phm nhn c v vn minh tn tin,
cn thnh nhn thi li c v qu ma, cht phc, v mt ng theo ri
thi trang, thi th; mt ng sng ni tm, m khng my ch trong n
nhng hnh thc bn ngoi.
Ci khc bit ca thnh nhn l:
Thnh nhn sng phi kt vi o, vi Tri, khng la xa Thin chn,
Thin th, cn phm nhn th sng xa o, xa Tri, b cun li trong vng
hng trn tc ly.

Cu qu thc mu ca Lo t tot li i sng huyn ng ca cc

bc thnh nhn mi ni mi i.
Cu ny lm ta lin tng n mt on sau y trong quyn
Mysticism ca Everlyn Underhill:
Nh huyn hc trc gic c mt th gii siu nhin nm gn trong
bin cng ca lng st mn, v mt tm hn siu thot tc ly, nhng
hng khao kht mun vn ln cho ti Tuyt i; ch va lng khi c
sng phi hp vi Thng . Lc y, theo s m t ca Patmore, thnh
nhn s nh tr th cn ngm v m To Ha hay nh ngi tnh
tm li c ngi tnh.[29]

[1] Duy : d (vi cung knh).

[2] A : i (vi khinh thng).
[3] K h : l bao.
[4] Nhc h : l bao. (C sch vit l H nhc).
[5] Hoang : rng ln, hoang vu.
[6] V ng : khng b bn.
[7] Hi hi : vui v.
[8] Thi lao : yn tic ln.
[9] Bc : yn lng, thun phc.
[10] Hi : ci.
[11] Luy luy : nhn nhc, ph phc. -- Bn H Thng Cng
vit l thng thng h... (ch y c l thng [:
nghing ], khng c l tha).
[12] Di : b st, mt.
[13] Ngu : ngu dt.
[14] n n : hn n m mt.
[15] C sch vit l tc nhn .
[16] Chiu chiu : sng sa.
[17] Bn ca H Thng cng: Ng c nhc hn .
[18] C sch vit l tc nhn .

[19] St st : trong tro, tinh tng.

[20] Mun mun : c vn, m mt.
[21] m : lng l, c sch vit l Ht .
[22] Hi : c sch vit l Hi .
[23] Liu : vi vt.
[24] V ch : khng ngng.
[25] D : dng.
[26] Ngoan : ngu, ng, bng.
[27] B : th b, dt nt.
[28] Dch theo Wieger: My ch hoang h, k v ng tai ny rt
kh dch. Vng Bt cho l m t s cch bit gia o
nhn vi tc nhn.
[29] The mystic vision, then, is of a spiritual universe held tight
within the bonds of love, and of the free and restless human
soul, having within it, the spark of divine desire, the tendency
to the absolute, only finding satisfaction and true life when
united with this life of God. Then in Patmores lovely image
the babe is at its mothers breast, the lover has returned to
the beloved. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism, p. 160.
CHNG 21
H TM

Hn vn:
, . , . ,
. , ; , . , .
, , . . .
Phin m:
1. Khng c chi dung, duy o th tng.[1]
2. o chi vi vt, duy hong duy ht. Ht h, hong h, k
trung hu tng. Hong h, ht h k trung hu vt; o h minh
h, k trung hu tinh. K tinh thm chn, k trung hu tn.

3. T c cp kim, k danh bt kh, d duyt chng ph.[2]

4. Ng h d tr chng ph chi trng tai, d th.
Dch xui:
1. Dung nghi ca bc i c, khun theo o.
2. o sinh ra mun vt, hong hong ht ht nhng trong vn
c hnh nh ca o. Hong hong ht ht nhng trong vn c
bn th (ca o). M mt nhng trong vn c tinh hoa (ca o).
Tinh hoa y rt chn thc; trong li c tn.
3. T xa n nay, tn ngi vn , bm sinh ra mun vt.
4. Ta lm sao bit c hnh trng u gc mun vt? Nh
vy !
Dch th:
1. Ngi ch thnh ha mnh vi o,
Dng dp ngi n o v Tri.
2. Tri sinh ra khp mun loi,
Pht ph pht phng nh Tri trong.
Tng mun loi ti tm u n,
Tinh quang Tri vn ln bn trong.
Tinh quang y thc thin chn.
Khi ngun tn dng xa gn xa nay.
3. Xa v nay, tn ngi vn ,
Tn ngi cn mi c chng sinh,
4. Ta hay dng dp qun sinh,
L nh phng php thuyt trnh trn y.
BNH GING
Chng ny c hai cch bnh gii:
1. o sinh xut mun loi, nn t trong lng o thy
mung lung, hong ht, hnh nh ca mun loi mun vt.
2. o sinh xut mun loi, nhng vn lng trong lng mun
loi mun vt.

Lon Wieger bnh dch theo li th nht nh sau:

a. Vn vt trong th gii hin tng u pht xut t nguyn
th bng cch khai trin, hin dng.
b. Nguyn th l nh th ny: Nguyn th hong ht kh phn,
kh nh. Tuy kh phn nh nhng bn trong c cc chng
loi. Tuy kh phn nh, nhng bn trong c cc vt, tuy cn l
trong trng thi tim n. Thc l n o, thc l nhim mu.
Trong nhim mu n o vn c mt tinh hoa; tinh hoa l
thc ti. o l nh th .
c. T xa n nay tn ngi vn y nguyn. Ngi sinh xut ra
mun vt.
d. Lm sao m ta bit gc gc qun sinh?
Ta bit bng cch (bng cch quan st v tr mt cch
khch quan); do ta thy vn vt tng i u pht xut t
Tuyt i.[3]
Ti bnh dch theo li th hai. i khi rng:
Thnh nhn trong d c Tri; Vn vt trong lng c o.
o chng h xa ri ngi vt, v th nn bc i thnh chnh
l hin thn ca Tri.
Vn vt bn ngoi tng chng nh l ti tm, u un, phm
hn nhng k thc vn hm cha o, hm cha Tuyt i bn
trong.
Mi hay Tuyt i khng h ri xa Tng i, hay ni theo t
ng Pht gio: Nit bn khng h ri xa Lun Hi.
Mun tm Nit Bn phi tm trong Lun Hi, Mun tm Tuyt
i, phi tm trong tng i. Mun tm Tri, tm o, phi tm
ngay trong lng mnh.
y ti trnh by c hai phng php bnh ging, v chng b
tc ln cho nhau v cho chng ta mt ci nhn vin mn v v tr
vn hu.

V tr vn hu ny l biu dng ca Thng , ca Tuyt

i. Cho nn v tr vn hu ny vn hm tng Tuyt i. chnh
l phng php chnh xc bit ni u m tm ra o, ra Tri !
[1] Cu ny ti gii thch theo Cao Hanh v Trng Mc: Bc
i c khi ni nng c ng lun lun theo o m hnh ch.
[2] Chng ph : vt trc nht u tin pht sinh ra vn
vt.
[3] Xem Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, p. 33 - 34.
CHNG 22
CH KHIM

Hn vn:

; ; ; ; ; .
, . , . , . , . ,
. , . ,
. .
Phin m:
1. Khc tc ton; ung tc trc; ha tc doanh; t tc tn; thiu tc
c; a tc hoc.
2. Th d thnh nhn bo Nht, vi thin h thc. Bt t hin, c minh.
Bt t th, c chng. Bt t pht c hu cng. Bt t cng, c trng.
3. Ph duy bt tranh, c thin h mc nng d chi tranh.
4. C chi s v khc tc ton gi, khi h ngn tai. Thnh ton nhi
qui chi.
Dch xui:
1. Ci g khim khuyt, th lm cho nn ton vn. Ci g cong, th lm
cho ngay. Ci g trng th lm cho y. Ci g c th lm cho nn mi. t th
li c, nhiu thi li m.
2. Cho nn thnh nhn m gi ci Mt (o), lm mu mc cho
thin h. Khng ph trng, cho nn sng; khng t cho mnh l phi, cho

nn hin dng; khng k cng, nn c cng; khng khoe mnh, cho nn

hn ngi.
3. V khng tranh ginh, cho nn thin h khng ai tranh dnh vi
mnh. Cu ni ca ngi xa: Ci g khim khuyt, th lm cho nn ton
vn, h phi l cu ni sung? Vn ton ri s tr v vi o.
Dch th:
1. Bao dang d, lm cho tm tt,
Bao cong queo, hy bt cho ngay.
Hy san ch trng cho y,
C cng i mi, mi ngay tc th.
m thanh s tho thu, y ,
Phin toi nhiu, tr l m hn.
2. Thnh nhn mt d st son,
Ho mnh vi o, treo gng cho i.
t ph trng, (nhng) rng ngi, sng quc,
Chng khoe khoang, (nhng) vng vc trng sao.
Chng vnh vo, vn cao cng nghip,
Chng hunh hoang, ngi tt tng cao.
3. Khng tranh ai n tranh no,
Li ngi xa ni nh no sai ngoa:
Bao dang d, lm cho tm tt,
Tm tt ri t s v Ngi.
BNH GING
Chng ny cc nh bnh gii thng cho rng Lo t cao s khim
cung. Chnh v th m H Thng Cng tot lc chng ny bng hai
ch ch khim.
Nhng thit tng bnh gii nh vy cha nu r c ht cc t ca
Lo t. Thc vy, trong chng ny Lo t khuyn ta:
1. Sa sang mi li lm, khim khuyt i n ch thnh ton, sng
n s thun phc. (on 1)

2. Kt hp vi Tri, vi o, sng m thm lng l, khng ph trng

thanh th, v vi m vn treo gng cho i. (on 2)
3. Khng tranh chp vi ai. (on 3)
4. T xa ti nay, ai cng cng nhn rng c thnh ton mi tr v
c vi Tri, vi o. (on 4)
Phn tch nh vy ta s thy chng ny ht sc phong ph. Trc
tin Lo t cho thy bn phn chng ta l ci tin khng ngng i n
ch ton thin. cng chnh l thin mnh. Trung Dung vit:
Hon ton l o ca Tri,
Tr nn hon thin, o ngi xa nay. [1]
Cha Jsus cng dy: Cc bn hy tr nn hon thin, nh cha cc
bn trn tri. [2]
Con ngi sinh ra i, kh c ai hon thin, hon m ngay. Nhng
mi ngi u c th tr nn hon thin, hon m nu bit sang sa tm
hn mnh.
Lo t m t s sa sang tm hn bng my li bng by:
Bao dang d lm cho tm tt,
Bao cong queo hy bt cho ngay.
Hy san ch trng cho y,
C cng i mi, mi ngay tc th.
Cu ny cng tng t nh cu sau y trong thnh kinh Cng gio:
V Yahve, hy m ng trong sa mc,
Hy chnh trang o l chn hoang vu,
Lp thung lng, bt i ni m u,
Bin vc thm cho tr thnh ng ni. (Isaie 40, 3, 4)
Trung Dung cng dnh chng XXIII dy v phng php chnh
trang tm hn ng hu tin ti hon thin. Trung Dung gi th l Tr
Khc. Couvreur gii hai ch tr khc l: C lm cho tm tnh cn khim
khuyt tr nn hon ho.
2. Khi sa sang c mi chch mc, d dang trong tm hn ri,
con ngi mi c th bo nht, kt hp vi Tri vi o, nu gng sng

soi cho i. Lc ny chng cn ph trng, m nh hng t nhin s

ngy mt lan rng.
3. Th l khng cn chy theo vinh quang, m vinh quang s n vi
mnh, khng phi tranh chp vi ai, m vn c a v sang c.
4. Lo t kt lun: T c cp kim, c sa sang c ht chch mc,
c tr nn hon thin, mi tr v c vi o, vi Tri.
Nh vy Lo t tm ra c mt nh lut thin nhin v o gio
rt quan trng: Con ngi phi tinh tin, phi ci thin mnh, i n
ch hon thin. C hon thin mi c th c o, bo nht.
Chc chn khng mt v gio ch no c th dy ngc vi nh lut
ny c.
[1] Thnh gi, Thin chi o d; thnh chi gi, nhn chi o d ,
; , . Trung Dung, chng XX.
[2] Mathieu, V, 48.

CHNG 23
H V

Hn vn:

. , . , .
, . . . .
. , . , .
, . , .
Phin m:
1. Hi ngn t nhin.
2. Phiu phong bt chung triu, su v bt chung nht. Thc vi th gi,
thin a. Thin a thng bt nng cu, nhi hung nhn h.
3. C tng s o gi. o gi ng o. c gi ng c. Tht
gi ng tht. ng o gi, o dic lc c chi. ng c gi, c
dic lc c chi; ng tht gi, tht dic lc c chi. [1]
4. Tn bt tc yn, hu bt tn yn.

Dch xui:
1. t ni, (sng) t nhin,
2. V gi lc khng sut sng, ma ro khng sut ngy. Ai lm nhng
chuyn y? Tri, t. Tri t cn khng th lu, hung na ngi.
3. Cho nn theo o th ng vi o. Theo c th ng vi c.
Theo mt th ng vi mt. ng vi o, o vui tip . ng vi c,
c vui tip . ng vi tht, tht vui tip .
4. Tin khng . C s khng tin.
Dch th:
1. Sng t nhin, xn li t ni,
2. V gi ging chng thi sm, tra.
Ma ro chng sut ngy ma,
Ai lm gi sm ma tra th ny?
(Tri t).
Tri t cn thong bay chc lt,
V chi ngi, sng thc dng bao !
3. em vn vt m vo o c,
ng thnh nhn huyn ha o Tri.
Ngi nhn m c chng ri,
Ngi ham c tht, c i vn ham.
m ly Tri, hn hoan Tri rc.
m c n, s c c n.
Mit mi cng cuc gian trn,
Gian trn vui n, cho thun h vinh.
K chng tin, ngi tin chng ,
Khng tin hay c khng tin.
on 3 v 4 trn y c th dch theo cch th hai nh sau:
3. em vn vt m vo o c,
ng thnh nhn huyn ha o Tri.

S chi c tht trn ai,

Vui vy cng o thnh thi mc tnh.
Sng huyn ha, siu linh thoi mi.
Ngi tin, chng, no ngi g u.
BNH GING
Chng ny thc ra rt kh bnh ging cho xc ng. Mi bn kinh li
chp mt khc. C ba ch chnh trong chng ny: o , c , Tht .
Cc bn Vng Bt, H Thng Cng, Tng Long Uyn, v.v. u vit l
o , c , Tht .
Bn ca Wieger, v Duyvendak li vit l: o , c , Tht . V
cho rng vit c l sai.
Cho nn bnh ging chng ny, chng ta khng th c tham vng a
ra mt kin chnh xc, m ch mong ni ln c i .
A. on 1 v 2 tng i d bnh ging.
i khi Lo t khuyn chng ta nn sng gin d, t nhin, tun t nhi
tin, ng lo lng lm nhng chuyn bt thng, c nh mc quan
chim.
Nhng chuyn bt thng khng th tn ti, y thc nh nhng cn
ging cn gi, nhng trn ma l, ma ro, ch chc lt ri li qua i.
Li l Lo t y tuy khc nhng t th xt ra cng ging vi on
XI ca Trung Dung. c Khng ni:
Tm b n, lm iu qui d,
Ct mong cho hu th ngi khen.
(S chi chuyn y nh nhen)
l qun t chng thm quan tm.
Lm trai quyt ch tu thn,
ng ng qun t ta tun o tri.
Gia ng t gnh tr lui,
Bn nhi ph c i no u.
Trung Dung qun t trc sau,

Du khng tm ting chng ru lng ai.

Thnh nhn y thnh nhn ri. [2]
Hoc ging vi on thnh vnh David sau y:
Cha, hi Cha, ti khng ngo ngh,
Mt ti khng m v kiu cng.
Vinh quang ti chng dm mong,
Khng m nhng chuyn qu tm mc ti.
Hn chng cht li thi xao xuyn,
Chng bn lng nhng chuyn vin vng.
Hn ti, nhng mun thong dong,
Nh con tr nh, nm lng m chi. [3]
B. on 3 ca Lo t mi thc l kh gii thch. i khi c hai cch
gii thch:
1. Chng ta, thc s mun g, s c ny:
- Mun o s c o.
- Mun c s c c.
(c l s pht huy ca o ra bn ngoi. c cng l v p ca
o chiu sng vo tm hn).
- Mun ph hoa, s c ph hoa.[4]
S d gi Tht l ph hoa, v nhng chuyn vinh hoa c tht i
thong bay trong chc lt.
Nh vy i mun t c thnh qu bt k v phng din g,
trc ht l phi:
- t ra cho mnh mt mc phiu, mt l tng.
- C gng ht sc thc hin mc phiu y.
2. Hoc chng ta c th gii theo Wieger: [5]
i ny chng ta ch nn sng ha mnh vi o, cn cc chuyn
c tht bn ngoi, chng nn qu quan tm, nh vy lng ta lc no
cng s ung dung th thi.
Tinh thn ny c c Nguyn Cng Tr lng vo thi ca nh sau:

c mt dng dng ngi thi thng,

Khen ch phi phi ngn ng phong.[6]
C. Cui cng Lo t kt lun:
i s d c nhiu ngi khng thnh cng trong cng trnh tu o,
chnh l v khng tin vo mnh, vo nhng kh nng v bin ca tm
hn mnh, hoc l tin chng , bi v nu chng ta c c tin bng ht
ci, chng ta s c th o hi di sn.[7]
c mong li bnh gii ny phn nh c phn no t tng ca Lo
t.
[1] Cu ny Wieger, Duyvendak sa li nh sau: o gi ng
o, c gi ng c, tht gi ng tht. ng o gi, o
dic lc c chi; ng c gi, tht dic lc c chi. ,
. . , ; , .
Tm li Wieger thay ch c bng ch c . Vng Bt khi
bnh ging on ny cng thay th ch c bng ch c. H
Thng Cng li vit: Tht dic lc tht chi .
[2] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung Tn Kho, quyn 2, Chng XI.
[3] Thnh Vnh David 131.
[4] Ni y chng ta gii theo nhng bn kinh c ba ch: o, c, Tht.
[5] Gii theo nhng bn kinh c ba ch: o, c, Tht.
[6] Xem bi ca Ngt ngng ca Nguyn Cng Tr.
[7] Xem thm Mathieu 17, 19. Luc 17, 6

CHNG 24
KH N

Hn vn:

, . ; ; ;
. , , . .
Phin m:

1. Kh [1] gi bt lp, kha [2] gi bt hnh. T hin gi bt minh; t

th gi bt chng; t pht gi v cng; t cng gi bt trng.
2. K o d,[3] vit d thc chu [4] hnh, vt hoc chi. C hu
o gi bt x.
Dch xui:
1. King chn ln, khng ng thng c. Xoc cng ra khng i
c. T coi l sng, nn khng sng. T xem l phi, nn khng hin
dng. T k cng, nn khng c cng. T khoe mnh, nn khng hn
ngi.
2. ng v phng din o m ni, th l nhng tha vic
thi. Cho nn ngi c o khng thit.
Dch th:
1.

King chn ln lm sao ng thng,

Xoc cng ra, i chng c no.

Thch khoe sng sut lm sao?
T cho mnh phi, i no hin dng.
Cu cnh qu, thi thng tht bi,
Qu mnh, danh li khng cao.
2.

Mt thn ta mn nhn vo,

Cm tha, vic thi xit bao tc tn.

u phi o thnh nhn.
BNH GING
Chng ny ngc vi chng 22. Chng 22 m t ng li ca
thnh nhn:
- H v, t nhin,
- Xn li, t ni.
- Khng kiu cng,
- Khng t th.
Chng ny m t ng li ca phm nhn:
- Lm iu bt thng qui d, chc nc quy tri.

- T kiu, t i.
Nhng Lo t cho rng nhng vic bt thng khng th no tn ti.
Cng khoe khoang, cng cu cnh, cng k cng, li cng khng c danh,
khng c cng.
Tu o m i vo con ng y, tc l i vo con ng lm lc.
chng qua l nhng chuyn cn b nh cm tha, vic thi, ch chng
c g l cao p.
Ta c th dng chng 14 Trung Dung, trnh by li bng nhng li
l khc, nhng kin m Lo t ra trong 2 chng 22 v 24 ny.

Ngi qun t sng theo a v,

Khng c m, lo ngh vin vng.
Sang giu, sng li giu sang,
Ngho nn, sng li ngho nn ngi chi.
Ti man di, sng y man mi,
Gp gian lao, vui ni gian lao.
Bt k sng cnh no,
Lng ngi qun t ra vo tha thu.
cp trn khng nn di,
di khng lun ci ngi trn.
Tri, ngi, chng on, chng phin.
Ung dung thanh thn ch xem tri.
K tiu nhn sut i tc qui,
Xng gian lao rong rui cu may,
Ngi qun t nh tay x th,
Chch hng tm, li trch mnh.
[1] Kh (x) : king chn. C bn vit l .
[2] Kha : xoc cng.
[3] K o d : ng v phng din o m xt. C bn chp
l K ti o d .

[4] Chu : tha thi, khng cn thit. Theo Cao Hanh, bn ch d thc,
chu hnh nn i l d c, chu hnh v cho
l ci Nhn, c, thng, minh bn ngoi. Cc nh bnh gii u
Chu thng gii chu l ci bu, v hiu bn ch d thc chu
hnh nh d thc, chu hnh .

CHNG 25
TNG NGUYN

Hn vn:

, . , , . .
. ; , . .
. . , , , . ,
. , , , .
Phin m:
1. Hu vt hn thnh, tin thin a sinh. Tch h, liu h, c lp nhi
bt ci. Chu hnh nhi bt i. Kh d vi thin h mu.
2. Ng bt tri k danh; t chi vit o, cng vi chi danh vit i. i
vit th. Th vit vin. Vin vit phn.
3. C o i, thin i, a i, vng dic i. Vc trung hu t i,
nhi vng c k nht yn. Nhn php a, a php thin, thin php o,
o php t nhin.
Dch xui:
1. C mt vt hn n m nn, sinh trc tri t; yn lng, trng
khng; ng mt mnh m chng thay; i khp ni m khng mi. C th
lm m thin h.
2. Ta khng bit tn, t tn ch l o. Gng gi tn l Ln.
Ln l i, i l xa; xa l tr li.
3. Cho nn o ln, Tri ln, t ln. Ngi cng ln. Trong i c bn
th ln, m Ngi l mt. Ngi bt chc t, t bt chc Tri; Tri bt
chc o; o bt chc t nhin.
Dch th:
1. C mt ng an nhin t hu,

Trc t tri, vnh cu t thnh.

Tch liu, vng ngt, vng tanh,
Mt mnh mnh bit, mt mnh mnh hay.
Mun vn chng cht i thay,
y quanh qut, y chng chn,
Sinh mun vt, m mun thin h.
2. Tnh danh ngi ta h bit sao,
Tn Ngi phi gi th no,
Gi liu l o, xng o l To.
V qu to, nn xa thm thm,
Thm thm xa m vn gn k.
3. o to, to ln mun b,
Tri to, t ln, Ngi (khoe) ln (quyn).
Bn trng i trong min V tr,
Ngi nghim nhin c gh mt vai.
Ngi theo khun php t ai,
Khun tri t ly, o cai qun Tri.
T nhin, o c thnh thi.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li tip tc bnh v o. i cng vn l:
1. o l cn nguyn vn hu.
2. o v hnh tng, nn khng th no t tn cho xng
3. o v bt ti. (James Legge cho rng nhng ch i, th, vin,
phn tng ng vi ch v bt ti).
o l Nguyn l, nn tam ti (Tri, t, Ngi) u do o xut sinh.
o Nho cho rng ngi l mt ngi trong Tam ti. Lo t li cho rng
Ngi l mt ngi trong t i (o, Thin, a, Nhn). Tuy nhin, hai
ng vn ni ln s cao trng ca con ngi.

V li, ng li con ngi chung qui l phi khun theo tri t, phi
khun theo o. M o thi t nhin. Cho nn t ti mc sng T
nhin l mc sng cao siu nht.
Lu T, tc gi quyn Bch thoi dch gii Lo t tot lc trong
K v phn loi ca Lo t trong K v o nh sau:
1. Khi gi tn o , Lo t dng nhng ch:
- o (chng 1, 4, 21, 23, v. v.)
- Nht (ch. 10, 22)
- Cc thn (ch. 6)
- Huyn tn (ch. 6)
2. Khi t hnh dng ca o, Lo t ni:
- Hong h, ht h (ch. 21)
- o h, minh h (ch. 21)
- V trng chi trng (ch. 14)
- V trng chi tng (ch. 14)
- Th chi bt kh kin (ch. 14)
- Thnh chi bt kh vn (ch. 14)
- Nghinh chi bt kin k th (ch. 14)
- Ty chi bt kin k hu (ch. 14)
3. Khi cp gc o, Lo t ni:
- tng chi tin (ch. 5)
- Tin thin a sinh (ch. 25)
4. Ni v s vn hnh ca o Lo t ni:
- c lp nhi bt ci (ch. 25)
- Chu hnh nhi bt i (ch. 25)
- K thng bt kiu (ch. 14)
- K h bt mui (ch. 14)
5. Ni v ci dng ca o, Lo t vit:
- Uyn h t vn vt chi tng (ch. 4)

- D duyt chng ph (ch. 21)

- Hu vng nhc nng th chi vn vt tng t tn
(ch. 32)
- Vn vt c chi nhi sinh (ch. 34)
- o thng v vi nhi v bt vi (ch. 39)
- Thin c nht d thanh; a c nht d ninh; Thn c Nht d linh;
Cc c Nht d doanh; Vn vt c Nht d sinh; Hu vng c Nht d
thin h trinh. ; ; ;
(ch. 39)
- o sinh Nht; Nht sinh nh; nh sinh tam; tam sinh vn vt ;
; , v.v. (ch. 42)
Thc ra, Lo t cn c nhiu on khc lun v o nhng s c gng
ca Lu tin sinh khi thu nhp v phn phi nhng d kin trn cng
ht sc ng khen ngi.

CHNG 26
TRNG C

Hn vn:

. . . ,
. , ? , .
Phin m:
1. Trng vi khinh cn. Tnh vi to qun.
2. Th d thnh nhn[1] chung nht hnh bt ly tri trng.[2] Tuy hu
vinh quan,[3] yn x [4] siu nhin.[5]
3. Ni h [6] vn thng [7] chi ch, nhi d thn khinh thin h. Khinh
tc tht cn [8], to tc tht qun.
Dch xui:
1. Nng l gc ca nh. Tnh l ch ca xao ng.
2. Cho nn thnh nhn sut ngy rong rui, m khng b mt s trang
trng, yn tnh. [9] Tuy sng trong vinh hoa, m lng vn thung dung sng
vt ln trn.

3. Ti sao vua mt nc c mun c xe li em thn coi nh thin h.

Nh t mt gc, xao ng t mt ch.
Dch th:
1. (Ngi) trang trng hn (ngi) nh (d)
(Ngi) thung dung cha (g) long ong.
2. ng ng l ng thnh nhn,
Sut ngy rong rui, vn khng bung tung.
Tuy rng ch cao sang,
Tm hn th thi, chng mng phn hoa.
3. Lm vua thng tr sn h,
C sao d thi kiu sa lng quyn.
Bung tung l mt cn nguyn.
Lo toan trm ni l qun mt Tri.
BNH GING
Chng ny dy ta hai iu:
1. Sng cho trang trng
2. Sng cho yn tnh
Chng ta phi sng trang trng v tm nim rng: trong mnh ta, gm
thin l, thin o, gm tam ti (thin, a, nhn) tam bo (tinh, kh,
thn).
L Long Uyn khi bnh chng ny vit i khi nh sau: Ngi
qun t em mt thn mt mnh m suy hnh cho c thin h; khi lm,
hoc ngi ngh; khi ni nng hay im lng, u cm thy l do thin l lu
hnh. Bt k a v no (vua, ti, cha, con), cng ly cng thng lun
l bo m cho s trang trng mnh; mi khi ng s tip vt, u ly
o c nhn ngha bo ton cho s trang trng mnh... [10]
Trung Dung cng vit:
Mi ng tc qun t u nn nh mu mc,
Mi hnh vi l khun php chng nhn theo.
Mi li ni, thin h i sau s nng vo,

Ngi xa ngng m, ngi gn khng h ngn. [11]

Th n, Lo t khuyn ta nn sng vi mt thn tr nh tnh.
L Long Uyn bnh cu Tuy hu vinh quan, yn x siu nhin nh
sau: Nn sng v vi trn tnh, Vinh quan tc l tt c nhng vt dc
phn ha, thanh sc ha li. Mi ngi u tranh nhau hng mi i, ln
ngp trong ba o th s, ch c ngi qun t l sng an nhn, siu
thot; thanh tnh khc i, h minh thun nht; ty thi thun l; khng
cho vt dc lm i ri; khng cho tnh tnh vng ng cn r; y nh
l gi mt trng trong, lc no cng ung dung th thi, siu thot hn
nhin... Ngi tu o nu c th sng trong sang giu m khng cho
giu sang lm thay lng d, sng trong ngho nn, m khng cho
ngho nn lm ly tm thn, c nh vy tc l ngi qun t thot tc
ri cn g?[12]
Gia Ct V hu cng vit: Phi m bc v d minh ch, phi ninh tnh v
d tr vin.
, .
(Khng m bc lm sao sng sut,
Khng tnh nh lm sao tin xa.)
L Long Uyn cho rng: mi con ngi chng ta u tn qu v ngn,
mi con ngi chng ta u l mt quc gia c mun c xe, cho nn
chng ta ng nn gim gi tr ca mnh. Ngi tu o nn ly lm
ti suy ngh.
Lo t kt lun: Coi nh mnh tc l mt cn nguyn; m m nhiu
chuyn ph du, l b mt i o.
[1] C nhiu bn chp l th d qun t .
[2] Tri trng : xe hnh l. H Thng Cng gii Tri l Tnh; Trng l
Trng .
[3] Vinh quan : 1) cnh p; 2) cung in.
[4] Yn x : 1) yn; 2) ni cung phi (theo cch hiu H Thng
Cng).

[5] Siu nhin : 1) vt ln trn; 2) xa lnh (theo cch hiu H Thng

Cng).
[6] Ni h : c bn chp: Nh chi h ; Nh h .
[7] Vn thng : mun c binh xa, ch bc thin t.
[8] Cn : c bn chp l thn ; c bn chp l bn .
[9] Wieger dch: cho nn v quc dn, khi i (trong xe nh) khng bao gi
la xe nng ch hnh l ca mnh.
[10] Xem Kim Lin chnh tng Long Mn php phi, Long Uyn t Tng
Thng Tinh ch gii, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 41b.
[11] Xem Nguyn Vn Th, Trung Dung Tn Kho, chng 29.
[12] Xem o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 42.

CHNG 27
XO DNG

Hn vn:

. . .
. . , ;
. . , , .
, , , .
Phin m:
1. Thin hnh v trit tch. Thin ngn v h trch. Thin s bt dng
tr sch. Thin b v quan kin nhi bt kh khai. Thin kt v thng c,
nhi bt kh gii.
2. Th d thnh nhn, thng thin cu nhn, c v kh nhn; thng
thin cu vt c v kh vt.
3. Th vi tp minh. C thin nhn bt thin nhn chi s, bt thin nhn,
thin nhn chi t. Bt qu k s, bt i k t, tuy tr i m, th v yu diu.
Dch xui:
1. i kho khng vt chn. Ni kho khng c li lm. m kho
khng dng th. ng kho khng rng, cht m khng m c. Tht
kho, khng dy r m khng ci c.

2. Cho nn thnh nhn thng kho cu ngi, nn khng c ai b b;

thng kho cu vt nn khng c vt no b b. Th gi l sng gp i.
3. Cho nn ngi hay l thy k d. K d gip ngi hay. Khng qu
ngi hay, khng yu k d, du l bc tr, cng m lm. S mu nhim
ct yu l ch .
Dch th:
1. Gii di chuyn, khng lu du tch,
Kho ni nng trnh ht li lm.
m ti, chng th, chng thm,
Bt bng kho lo, khi cn kha then.
Tht buc gii chng phin dy r,
Khng r dy nhng kh g ra.
2. Thnh nhn cu th ti hoa,
Cu ngi chng b st qua mt ngi.
Thnh nhn li c ti dng vt,
Mun s i chng vt b chi.
3. Quang huy lng bng quang huy,
Ngi hay a k d v ng ngay.
Ngi bt thin xa nay u ung,
H n nui dng ngi lnh.
Nu khng qu trng thy mnh,
Khng thng ngi gip, khn thnh u m.
Chuyn i n o ly k.
BNH GING
Thnh nhn khi t ti ch v vi khinh thot, s tr nn ht sc
kho lo; khng cn phi dng n nhng phng thin ca thng nhn,
m vn t c mc phiu mong mun.
Khng ra khi ca, m vn t o, vn tri thin h.
Da vo o, da vo nhng nh lut t nhin m n ni, nn li ni
khng phm li lm.

 Khng cn th thm tnh ton m vn gi c phn hn thin h (v

gi c o).
Chng dng n kha then, m dm t cng khng th xm nhp
c vo thn tr, m tinh thn cng chng cht phi pha.
Chng cn dy r buc rng m vn gn b c vi Tri vi o.
Thnh nhn khng hp lng, nhng bao dung, phim i mun loi
mun vt. Thnh nhn khng thin v ngi hay, khng rung ry k d, v
quan nim rng ngi hay thi lm thy k d, cn k d chnh l gip
d ngi hay.
Sinh ra i m bao dung h hi, c gng tc thnh cho mun loi,
mun vt, chng h t chi, ht hi mt ai khi h cn mnh, chng phi
l tm a ca thnh hin hay sao?

CHNG 28
PHN PHC

Hn vn:

, , ; , . ,
, . , . , , .
, . . ; , .
.
Phin m:
1. Tri k hng, th k th, vi thin h kh; thng c bt ly, phc qui
anh nhi.
2. Tri k bch, th k hc, vi thin h thc.[1] Thng c bt thc,
[2] phc qui v cc.
3. Tri k vinh, th k nhc, vi thin h cc. Vi thin h cc, thng c
ni tc. Phc qui phc.
4. Phc tn tc vi kh; thnh nhn dng chi, tc vi quan trng. C i
ch bt ct.
Dch xui:
1. Bit sng, gi mi, lm khe lch cho thin h. Lm khe lch cho
thin h khng la thng c, tr v trng thi anh nhi.

2. Bit trng, gi en, lm php tc cho thin h. Lm php tc cho

thin h, khng sai thng c, tr v v cc.
3. Bit vinh, gi nhc, lm hang su cho thin h. Lm hang su cho
thin h, y c hng, tr v mc mc.
4. Mc mc tn thi thnh dng. Thnh nhn c dng, lm quan
trn; cho nn php ln khng chia ct.[3]
Dch th:
1.

Cm th (kim) bit (thanh) hng (kim)

Sng lem nhem, theo ting th gian.

Lem nhem trc mt trn hon,
Nhng m c c tim tng cht chiu.
Qu cht chiu ra chiu tr nh.
2. Cm ti en, bit c sng trong,
Treo gng quyt mt lng,
Treo gng thin h, c Hng tt giao.
Ngha tt giao g vo V cc.
3. Bit Ngi vinh ta nhc c sao.
Khim cung nh th hang su,
Hang su thm thm, c mu cha chan.
B phc tp, ch ham phc thc,
Gi chu ton thc cht thin lng.
4. Thin chn phn tn, vi vng,
S thnh c nng, dng.
Thnh nhn nu lm vng hu dng,
Bt qu l trng thng bch quan.
Mi hay php ln mnh mang,
Khng chia, khng ct, vn ton mi hay.
BNH GING

Cc nh bnh ging chng ny thng bnh v gii rng: nn khim

cung, khng nn ph trng thanh th.
Chng hn, Wieger dch nh sau:
1. Bit mnh dng mnh (bit mnh l g trng) m li n trong tnh
trng thp km (ca con g mi); t nguyn sng ni thp km trong
nc... C x nh vy t ra rng mnh vn gi c thng c (tuyt
i v v li, sng phi kt vi o,
2. Bit mnh thng sng, m vn n ra tung ngu dt; sn sng lm
bc thang cho mi ngi... C x nh vy t ra rng thng c cha b
giao ng, v mnh hy cn phi hip vi i o.
3. Bit mnh ng hng vinh hoa, m sn sng sng trong bng ti;
nguyn lm hang (lm ch thp nht) trong thin h. C x c nh vy,
t ra rng mnh vn gi c nguyn vn lng v t nguyn thy, v vn
gi c s cht phc hn nhin, v.v.
Xa nay cc nh bnh gii i loi u cho rng Lo t mun ta sng
khim cung nh vy m thi. Tuy nhin chng ta cng c th bnh dch
theo mt kha cnh khc nh sau:
T nhng kinh nghim m ta c v tm hn ta,[4] ta c th suy
ra [5] rng trong ta cn c Tri, c o.
Ti sao vy? V tri t, c m, thi phi c dng, c en thi
phi c trng.
Cho nn nu chng ta nghim thy rng tm hn ta l m (th) l en
(hc), th lp tc ta s suy ra c trong tm hn ta cn c Dng (Hng),
cn c trng (Bch) l php t tri suy ra phi t u ny suy ra
u kia.
Nh vy t ngi tm ra Tri ra o tng khng c kh. Ta ch vic p
dng nh lut m Dng in o, m Dng phn phc ca Dch l. Th
tc l:
in o m dng phn cu hon. (Ln lo m
dng v vi Tri vi o.)
Cho nn nu chng ta tch ra c khi trng thi tm hn bc tp,
trc, tm thng, chng ta s tm ra c thng c, tm ra c mu
mc khng h sai thc trong tm hn ta, mu mc m t xa n nay,

ngi ta thng gi l Di, l Trung, l Minh c, l Lng tri v. v., v ng

thi chng ta cng tm ra c V cc v bin t, hn nhin, thun
phc.
l con ng duy nht m cc nh Huyn hc dng tr v vi
o, vi Tri.
Thnh Augustin cng ni: Cha thm su hn s thm su ca
lng ti. [6]
Bnh gii theo li th hai ca chng ta ny, chng ta s thy hai ch
Phn phc ca H Thng Cng ni u chng ht sc c ngha.
Nh vy theo Lo t, mc ch con ngi l thc hin Thin chn
thc hin o th. C thc hin c o th, mi tr nn ton chn,
vin mn. Khng thc hin c o th, thi du lm chc v g chng
na, cng vn kh c cho i, vn b phn tn, khim khuyt.
Tri sinh ra con ngi c th c i dng, m cng c th c Tiu
dng. Thc hin c ci i dng th tri t cng khng cha,
thc hin ci tiu dng thi nhiu khi khng ming n. [7] l ngha
cu th t: Phc tn tc vi kh...
Chng ta c th dng thin Tiu diu du ca Trang t bnh gii
chng ny nh sau:
Hn ta hi hy tiu diu,
Tung i cnh rng khinh phiu chn tng.
Hy tung cnh chim bng mun dm,
Ci gi my bay thng v Nam.
Bay v qu c giang san,
H Tri vng vy min man tha tnh.
Mc nhn th r khinh m tiu,
c phm phu sao hiu ch nhn.
Vi thn trong chn hng trn,
H nh ve, s, qua ln thng nm.
Tm mt hp, m tm ti tiu,
Kip ph du no hiu chi u.

Thn ln bao qun lm u,

Ct sao cho khi c cu th thi.
Phn su b nh ri su b,
Thn nm ru, no r tun trng.
Ve su no bit thu xun,
Minh linh ngoi my vn nm hay g.
Nh Bnh t c chi l th,
M chng nhn qu c tn dng.
Ngi vui tc phn l hng,
Ngi vui m o xnh xang tr v.
Ka Lit t thch i my gi,
Ci gi my y tha lng.
Cn ta khinh khot v cng,
Snh vai nht nguyt vy vng khinh phiu.
Qun mnh, qun ht mi iu,
Qun tn, qun c bao nhiu cng trnh.
Sng i sng thn linh sng khoi,
Nh Ha Do chng oi vng hu.
Ung n no c chi u,
M lo vi lng cho du lng ai.
Ta chng ni nhng bi phch li,
Li ca ta u ni hoang ng.
Li ta minh chnh ng hong.
V ngi khng hiu, trch qung, trch xin.
K m ti sao xem mu sc,
Ngi ic tai sao bt m thanh.
Cho nn nhng k v minh,
Ti tm, cc ngn ngnh hiu chi.
Sao bit c uy nghi sang c,

Ca nhng ngi huyn ha siu linh.

t tri gm tm trong mnh,
Lng vo mun vt s tnh no hai.
Du sng c ngt tri khng m,
Du nng nung cng chng lm sao.
Tri my mc sc tiu dao,
Cho d Nghiu, Thun d no snh vai.
Kip sng n my ai bit dng,
Bit cch dng cho ng cho hay.
C da nm thch trong tay,
B ra nm by, da ny vt i
Nhng nu bit y nh trc,
Dng lm phao, sng nc n bng.
i bt qui th [8] ly vng.
Ng l kho tnh toan li l.
Ai ng n gip Ng thng Vit,
Gip ch nhn mn kip vinh quang.
Bit dng thi thc mnh mang,
Dng sai, dng d, on than ni g.
Nhng hay nht l khi v dng,
Thot vng i t tng li danh.
Sng trong v cc siu linh,
Xa b kh i, mc tnh nhn nh. [9]
[1] Thc : khun php, mu mc.
[2] Thc : bin i, sai lm.
[3] - Stanislas Julien dch: Lorsque le Saint est lev aux emplois, il devient
le chef des magistrats. Il gouverne gravement et ne blesse personne.

- James Legge dch: The sage, when employed, becomes the Head of
all the officers (of Government), and in his greatest regulations he
employs no violent measures.
- Nguyn Duy Cn dch: Mc mc tn ra sinh hng ngi. Thnh
nhn dng hng ti nng. Phong lm quan trng. Nn php tr ln
khng chia.
- Nh vy ta thy c hai li dch: (a) hoc dch: Thnh nhn nu c
dng, s thnh quan trng; (b) hoc dch: Thnh nhn dng nhng
quan trng.
[4] Gii ch Th .
[5] Gii ch Tri .
[6] Tu eras interior intimo meo. (Conf. III. 6-11)
[7] Xem Mnh T, Cng Tn Su, chng c thng, cu 6: Cu nng
sung chi, tc d bo t hi; cu bt sung chi, bt tc d s ph mu
, ; , .
[8] Bt qui th : Mt th thuc bi vo chn tay cho khi nt n.
[9] Phng tc theo thin Tiu diu du trong Nam Hoa kinh.

CHNG 29
V VI

Hn vn:

, . , .
, . , , , , , , , .
, , .
Phin m:
1. Tng dc th thin h nhi vi chi, ng kin k bt c d. Thin h
thn kh, bt kh vi d. Vi gi bi chi, chp gi tht chi.
2. C vt hoc hnh, hoc ty, hoc h,[1] hoc xuy,[2] hoc cng,
[3] hoc luy,[4] hoc ta,[5] hoc huy.[6]
3. Th d thnh nhn kh thm, kh xa, kh thi.
Dch xui:

1. Mun em thin h m lm (theo mnh) ta thy khng th c.

Thin h l vt linh thing, khng th lm (theo mnh). H lm th
hng, h gi th mt.
2. Cho nn vt hoc i hoc theo hoc h hi, hoc thi, hoc mnh
hoc yu; hoc bn vng hoc mong manh.
3. Cho nn thnh nhn ch ngn s thi qu, s xa x, s tham lam.
Dch th:
1. Nhng mun nn, mun nho thin h,
Suy cho cng, chng kh c no.
Lng ngi ngh phm (thn kh) ti cao,
Ai cho ta nn, ta nho t do.
Ngao ngn k mu nh vy,
Chng chng chy, hy hoi lng ngi.
Lng ngi ai nm gi hoi,
Gi tay nn bp, bao i tiu ma.
2. Ngi trn th (mun hoa ua n)
C nhanh chn, cng c chm chn.
Ngi nng ny, k ln chn,
Ngi in gang thp, k thun o t.
Ngi kin gan, k nh cnh bm. [7]
3. Nn thnh hin sng thng ch khoan.
Ch ngn qu lm cc oan,
Qu giu, qu chng, qu ham tin ti. [8]
BNH GING
Mi ngi, mi t chc o gio, chnh tr, x hi u mong mun nho
nn con ngi theo mnh, duy Lo t dy ta khng nn nui hoi bo ci
to con ngi theo chiu hng ca mnh.
Lo t vn ch trng thin chn thin tnh l hon ho, cho nn nu
ta c dng tm mun thay i con ngi th ch lm cho con ngi tr nn
sa a m thi.

Chnh v t trc ti nay con ngi b nhi s bng mi ch ngha,

ch thuyt, nn ngy nay con ngi thc y nh ang b ngy ngt, vt v
v nhng cn sa ma ty t tng.
Krisnamurti cho rng con ngi cn c hon ton gii c th mi c
th i n ch khinh khot t do.[9] Ta c th ni Krishnamurti l mt con
ngi th k 20 ny, khng ng m thc hin ch trng trn y ca
Lo t. Krishnamurti t tm b c b Annie Besant, ca b
Blavatsky, em v u chu gio dc v b c linh gic rng Krishnamurti
ny s thnh v chn s ca th gii.[10]
Krishnamurti c gio dc rt k cng Oxford, Php, California. ng
c tng mt ta lu i Eerde vi 2000 mu ty rng (Ha Lan). Tt
c tn hu phi Thng Thin hc u hi hp ch ngy ng s chnh thc
ng quang lm gio ch Thng Thin hc. Th ng mt ci, nm 1928
ng Krishnamurti tr li ht mi chc tc, ti sn m Thng thin hc
tng ng ng thi t chi khng chu ng quang v tuyn b: Nhn loi
c nhiu lng ri, ng khng mun to thm lng mi na.
Krishnamurti cho rng: cc tn gio khng gii thot c con ngi v
l chng khng ch con ngi, lm mt t do con ngi, v gy ra nhng
mu thun trong thm tm con ngi. Nhng duyn do lm cho con
ngi khng th chuyn ha nhn ra c Chn o.[11]
ng cho rng: Ch c ta mi cu ni ta. [12]
Ta cng c th mn li l ca Trang t trong thin Ti hu bnh
ging chng ny, nh sau:
Gi sao cho vn tnh tri,
Gi sao c c khi phai khi m.
Tinh ton c tnh tri cho.
t l thi thnh t l bnh an.
Cn chi mn mi tm can,
Cng by v lm cng oan tri nhiu.
Tr dn ch c t iu,
Lm dn vui, kh trm iu m chi.
Cng nhiu l , l nghi,

Gian ngoan cng lm, gian phi cng nhiu.

Ngha phn mm mng m chiu,
Nng b hnh thc, nh chiu tinh hoa.
Cho nn ng li cao xa,
Con ng tuyt diu phi l v vi.
Khi ngi qun t tr v,
Cn chi thao thc, suy vi hnh hi.
V vi bt trc li tri,
Ngi yn dng mt tuyt vi m xem.
Im lm vn ta sm rn,
Dng thn vn chuyn khp min tri my.
Im lm lng l khoan thai,
Th m mun vt mun loi nhn nh.
Gp Lo m, Thi C m hi,
Khng tr ngi sao i lng ngi.
Tha rng ng ly lm chi,
Lng ngi u phi l ni rn a.
B nn b ph ri rc,
c cht chiu vnh vc ngng nghnh.
Lc mm, mm ti, mm tnh,
n khi cng rn, st anh thua g.
Lc nng ny khc chi la ,
Lc lnh lng, lnh r nh bng.
Nhanh thi bn bin mt mng,
Cng trong chp mt vy vng rong chi.
Khi m chi vi vc thm,
Lc bng ln, vt thng tri my.
Kiu hng, khinh khot by nay,
Chng thng no tri, chng giy no cm.

L thay l ci nhn tm !...

Mun t tng cm chn thin h,
Nn mun nghn tai ha mi sinh.
Ngha nhn o ln nhn tnh,
Do nhn, do ngha, iu linh nhn qun.
Ty tr thnh tr gian trn,
Ty tr cho ht l dn an ha. [13]

[1] H : h hi cho nng ln (apathiques).

[2] Xuy : thi cho ngui (ardents).
[3] Cng : mnh (fort).
[4] Luy : yu (faibles).
[5] Ta : H Thng Cng vit l ti v gii l an .
[6] Huy : hy nt. H Thng Cng gii l nguy .
Wieger dch ta l: durables; huy l phmres.
[7] Wieger dch: Quand il gouverne, le Sage laisse aller tous les tres (et
lempire qui est leur somme), daprs leurs natures diverses; les agiles
et les lents; les apathiques et les ardents, les forts et les faibles, les
durables et les phmres.
[8] Wieger dch: Il se borne rprimer les formes dexcs qui seraient
nuisibles lensemble des tres comme la puissance la richesse,
lambition.
[9] Dconditionner la totalit de la conscience. -- Plante, no 14, p. 15.
[10] Instructeur du monde. Ib. p. 22.
[11] Aucune croyance organise ne peut librer lhomme en vue de
trouver la vrit. (Krishnamurti)Plante, No 14, p. 22.
... Or la libert est lessence mme de la religion dans le vrai sens de
ce mot. Cette essentielle libert est dnie par toutes les organisations
religieuses, en dpit de ce quelles disent. -- Ib., p. 20.

... Tant quelle existe dans la conscience un conflit quel quil soit, il ny
a pas mutation. Tant que domine sur nos penses lautorit de lglise
ou de ltat, il ny a pas mutation...
Tant que lducation, le milieu social, la tradition, la culture, bref notre
civilisation, avec tous ses rouages nous conditionne, il ny a pas
mutation... -- Ib. p. 16.
... La religion organise ne peut produire que des rformes sociales,
des changements superficiels... -- Ib. p. 19.
Un esprit vraiment religieuse est dnu de toute peur car il est libre de
toutes les structures que les civilisations ont imposes au cours des
millnaires... -- Ib. p. 20.
[12] Il y a de lespoir en homme, non en la socit, en les systmes
religieux organiss, mais en vous et en moi... -- Ib. p. 13.
[13] Trang t, Nam Hoa kinh, Ti hu.

CHNG 30
KIM V

Hn vn:

. . , .
, . ; ; ;
; ; ; . , ,
.
Phin m:
1. D o tc [1] nhn ch gi bt d binh cng thin h. K s hiu
hon. S chi s x, kinh cc sinh yn. i qun chi hu, tt hu hung nin.
2. C thin gi qu [2] nhi d; bt cm d th cng; qu nhi vt cng;
qu nhi vt pht; qu nhi vt kiu; qu nhi bt c d; qu nhi vt cng.
3. Vt trng tc Lo, th v phi o, phi o to d.[3]
Dch xui:
1. Ai coi o l vua (thin h) khng dng binh m bc thin h. Chin
tranh c vay c tr Ch qun s ng, gai gc s sinh. Sau trn chin ln,
t c nhng nm tai ng.

2. Cho nn ngi kho s gii quyt (trn chin) mt cch mau l, m

khng sc mnh; gii quyt mau l m khng khoe khoang; gii quyt
mau l m khng t khen; gii quyt mau l m khng kiu cng; gii
quyt mau l v bt c d; gii quyt mau l m khng mun tr nn
mnh m.
3. Vt ln mnh t gi; Nh vy l tri o; tri o s mt sm.
Dch th:
1. Ai coi Tri l vua mun nc,
Chng hng binh, tnh cuc chin tranh.
Chin tranh phn phc tung honh,
Bao ni qun l thnh gc gai.
Sau v nga nhng ngi chin s,
L nhng nm ru r lm than.
2. Tng ti dp lon mau tan,
Nhng m chng dm khoe khoang sc mnh.
Tuy nh mnh, chng vinh v th,
Chng kiu cng, chng k cng lao.
p tnh nn chng hng ho,
Ch u c mun cao sc mnh.
3. Khi sc lc phong doanh thnh trng,
Thi gi nua, suy gim theo sau.
Cy ti cy mnh hay u,
i sai o l, trc sau chng b.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t khuyn khng nn dng binh, dng v, v binh ao
gy ha khng cng. Nu cn dng n v lc, th cng ch dng trong
nhng trng hp bt kh khng ch ng nn cy mnh, cy th, ng
nn dng binh ao xm lng.
T tng ca Lo t phn nh li t tng ca Dch v ca c nhn v
chin tranh. [4]

- Dch coi chin tranh nh l ci g c hi (xem qu S, phn Thon).

Nn mi khi hng binh ng chng, phi c chnh ngha (qu S, phn
Thon).
- Ch nn hng binh ng chng t v (qu S, ho lc ng).
- hng binh ng chng, cn phi chn tng ti ch huy (qu S,
ho hai) v cn phi bit php dng binh (qu S, ho S)
Ngi xa ch dng sc mnh, dng v lc :
- Th thin tr bo.
- Bo v nhng di sn tinh thn ca tin nhn.
V th ch khi cn mi m binh; Ht gic li cho binh s v lng. Chnh
v th m ch V gm hai ch ch qua (ngng gm gio) v ng
dng v lc ngn chin tranh. [5]
Ngi tng ti tuyt i khng c cho qun tham n ti sn tnh
mnh ca dn chng. l ng li ca vua Thnh Thang khi hng binh
nh vua Kit v ca V Vng khi hng binh nh vua Tr. Ch trng
ny c dn chng ht sc hoan nghnh.[6]
Binh php T M Nhng th c cu: nh gic gii nht l dng
mu; th n l dng ngoi giao, th na l dng binh; th na l nh
ph thnh ly.[7]
Cng nn nhc li rng khi V Vng dp xong Tr Vng, lin em
tru trn, nga chin phng thch ni min ni Hoa Dng v min ng
o Lm t s dng vn m cai tr, ci ha thin h, thay v dng
v, dng bo lc. [8]
Sau ny nhn loi cng ngy cng t ra cung bo: mi khi c chin
tranh, dn chng, binh s cht khng bit c man no. Bch Khi git trong
mt m 40 vn hng binh Triu, lm cho mu chy y sng Dng
Cc. [9] Hng V git dn chng Hm Dng hn 4600 mng, thy cht
y ch, mu chy nh sng.[10] n thi vn minh chng ta by gi
chin tranh li cng tn ph khc lit, khng cn bit phn bit u l
dn, u l qun, u l c ti, u l v ti.
C mt iu ng lu l Lo t cng nh kinh Dch khng hon ton
h ho dp b binh ao, v lc, m ch khuyn nn ht sc thn trng
trong vic dng v lc. C l nh vy, st vi thc t hn.

[1] Cc bn thng vit l t .

[2] Qu : qu quyt. C bn chp l: C thin hu qu .
[3] C bn chp l: Th vi bt o, bt o to h , .
[4] Nn c cc bi th chng chin tranh sau y:
a- Lng chu t ca Vng Hn (Trn Trng
Kim, ng thi, tr. 357)
b- Thch ho li ca Ph (Trn Trng Kim, ng thi,
tr. 65,67)
c- Lon trung c ch huynh ca Bch C D
(Bi Khnh n, ng thi, tr. 349)
[5] S Trang Vng vit ph v nh cng tp binh; c ch qua vi v
; (S Trang Vng ni v l xc nh cng
trng, tng phc binh lnh. Cho nn ngng gm gio gi l v).
Xem Thuyt Vn Gii T , Trung Hoa Th Cc xut bn, Bc
Kinh ti bn 1996, tr. 266. Lon Wieger gii: Tng ch, tng qua, hi
. Qua (kh gii) nh ch cc cuc xm lng th
hn, nh dn chng m no. Trong cch vit hin i, nt phit ca
ch qua c o ln trn. Xem Lon Wieger, Caractres Chinois,
bi 71, tr. 178.
[6] Xem Mnh t, Tn tm, chng c h, cu 4, 5.
[7] Thng binh pht mu, k th pht giao, k th pht binh, k th cng
thnh , , , .
[8] Kinh Th, V Thnh, tit 2.
[9] Xem V Minh Tr dch, ng Chu lit quc, tr. 1168.
[10] Thanh Phong dch, Ty Hn din ngha, tr. 141.

CHNG 31
YN V [1]

Hn vn:

 , , . . ,
. , , . .
. . , . ,
. , . , ,
. , . .
Phin m:
1. Ph giai [2] binh gi bt tng chi kh, vt hoc chi. C hu o
gi bt x.
2. Qun t c c qu t, dng binh tc qu hu. Binh gi bt
tng [3] chi kh, phi qun t chi kh. Bt c d nhi dng chi. im m vi
thng. Thng nhi bt m [4]. Nhi m chi gi, th lc st nhn. Ph lc st
nhn gi, tc bt kh d c ch thin h h.
3. Ct s [5] thng [6] t. Hung s thng hu. Thin tng
qun [7] c t. Thng tng qun c hu. Ngn d tang l [8] x chi. St
nhn chi chng, d ai bi [9] kho chi. Chin thng d tang l x chi.
Dch xui:
1. Binh ao l vt bt tng, ai cng ght; cho nn ngi c o chng
(thch) dng.
2. (Khi bnh thi) v quc qun trng (ai th mi ng v) bn tri; (lc
chin tranh) (mun) trng (v tng th li mi ng ) bn tri. Binh ao
l vt bt tng; qun t chng nn dng n. Bt c d mi phi dng.
Ngi qun t a sng im m. Thng khng c mng. Mng v thng
hn l tm a k thch git ngi. Thch git ngi khng th cai tr thin
h.
3. (Theo nghi l) lnh bn tri, d bn phi. Ph tng bn tri,
thng tng bn phi. l nghi tit dng trong tang l. K git ngi,
phi khc lc xt thng (nhng ngi oan khut). K chin thng phi
ng lm ch tang.[10]
Dch th:
1. Binh ao l chuyn bt tng,
Mun loi khip s chn chng binh ao.
Ngi o hnh chng vo chn ,

2. Chn binh ao chng c mt ngi.

Ngi qun t a ni t dc,
Khch kim cung, thch chc hu bin.
ao binh ha hi v bin,
Nn ngi qun t chng phin ao binh.
Bt c d h mnh dng n,
Nhng dn lng hy c trnh voi,
Thng v ng ly lm vui,
Ai vui khi thng l ngi st nhn.
Ly mu nhn dn lm khoi,
Thu tm sao mun gii giang sn.
3. Nu em nghi l m bn,
Hai bn phi tri d, lnh chia hai.
Bn t dc l ngi ph tng,
Cn hu bin l thng tng qun.
l th t qua phn,
Dng trong tang l (xa gn xa nay).
Ngi no dng tay git lt,
ra tay tn st chng nhn,
Thi nn bi ly thng tm,
Mt khi chin thng, khc dn vong tn.
BNH GING
Chng ny vn khuyn ta ng nn trng binh ao, c sy binh ao.
Thnh nhn xa nay u nh vy.
V Linh Cng nc V hi c Khng v chin trn. Ngi p: Vic
sp t cng t ni tng miu, ti thng c nghe qua. Cn cuc sp t
quan binh chin pht th ti cha tng hc. Sng hm sau, ngi b
i. [11]
Cc bc thnh nhn xa nu phi lm mt vic bt ngha, git mt k
v ti ln ngi thin t tr v thin h, thi cng khng lm. [12]

Tip theo, Lo t bn v ngha ca hai bn phi tri.

Theo Dch th pha tri l pha Dng, pha Sinh ; pha phi l pha
m, pha St . Cho nn vn thi ng bn tri, v thi ng bn phi.
Li bn thm rng khi chin thng v, v ch soi phi ng ra chu
tang, khc thng nhng ngi v mnh phi cht oan v chin tranh.
cng l mt tc l, v xa nay phm thng trn ngi ta thng lm
l linh nh cm n thn thnh h tr cho mnh, tiu dit c ch
nhn. C my ai chu r l khc thng cho nhng ngi bc mnh bao
gi !

[1] Ch c l yn nh Thuyt Vn Gii T phin thit: hin

thit ; a s c l yn nh T Hi phin thit: kin
thit, m yn, nguyn vn . Ngha l tc
(ngng ngh). Kinh Th, thin V Thnh , ni: Yn v tu
vn . Ngha l: Yn tc v b, tu minh vn gio
(ngng vic v, sa vic vn). T Hn Th
L Nhc Ch gi l yn v . Trang T, thin T V
Qu ghi: Yn binh k kh h? (xp b vic
binh c sao?)
[2] Vng Nim Tn cho rng nn i l chuy hay duy .
[3] Bt tng : chng lnh.
[4] Bt m : khng cho l hay.
[5] Ct s : vic lnh.
[6] Thng : chung, trng.
[7] Thin tng qun : ph tng.
[8] Tang l : l tang.
[9] Ai bi : bun thng. -- B ch: c bit chng 31 ny
trong bn Vng Bt khng thy c li bnh. C l l li bnh v
li kinh ln ln nhau.
[10] Chng ny phng dch theo Lon Wieger, cho xui ngha.
[11] Xem Lun Ng, chng XV, cu 1.

[12] Hnh nht bt ngha, st nht bt c nhi c thin h, giai

bt vi d , , . Xem Mnh
t, Cng Tn Su, chng c thng, cu 2.
CHNG 32
THNH C

Hn vn:

. , . , .
, , . , .
; . ; .
Phin m:
1. o thng v danh. Phc tuy tiu, thin h bt cm thn. Hu
vng nhc nng th chi, vn vt tng t tn. Thin a tng hp, d
ging cam l, dn mc chi lnh, nhi t qun.[1]
2. Thy ch hu danh, danh dic k hu. Ph dic tng tri ch; [2] tri
ch kh bt i. [3] Th o chi ti thin h; do xuyn cc chi giang hi.
Dch xui:
1. o thng khng tn, mc mc. Tuy nh, di tri khng ai bt
c n phi thun phc. Nu bc vng hu gi c n, vn vt s
thun phc; tri t ha hp lm cho mc ngt ri xung. Dn khng phi
sai khin, m chia u nhau.
2. Bt u phn chia, mi c tn. c tn phi bit chn dng. Bit
chn dng mi khng hi. o snh vi thin h, nh sui khe vi sng
bin.
Dch th:
1. o vn d khng tn, khng tui,
Li t vi xit ni n thun.
Th m trong khp nhn qun,
ai bt c o thun phc oai.
Vng hu no th Ngi mt d,
Th dn con cm ha lin tay.

t tri ng tit vn xoay,

Cam l ti xung (c cy ph tnh),
Dn gian sng an bnh y ,
Chng i truyn t s o cm.
2. Ka to vt nhiu tn, lm tui,
Lm tui tn, mt ci, mt ngun.
Mang danh vo chn trn hon,
Bit ni dng bc mi ngoan mi lnh.
(Ni o c siu linh), dng bc,
S thot vnh ( trc), gian nan.
o kia i vi th gian,
Nh khe, nh sui i hng bin sng.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t li tip tc bnh lun v o.
A. o va l cc tiu, va l cc i
Cc tiu v v danh v thun phc.
Cc i v mi vng tc u phi thun phc.
Quan nim ny s cn c nhc li ni chng 34: Thng v dc
kh danh tiu; Vn vt qui yn nhi bt vi ch, kh danh vi i. ,
; , .
Trang t ni Tp thin, Thin H, cng ni: Rt ln khng ngoi... rt
nh khng trong. (Ch i v ngoi, ch tiu v ni ,
) [4]
Ni o va cc tiu, va cc i, ngha l ni o bao qut ht c
mi phng din, v th nn tuyt i v cng.
B. Thun theo o, thin h s bnh tr.
Lo t ch trng nu con ngi sng thun theo o, thun theo l t
nhin, thin h s bnh tr. Ni th tc l bao lu chng ta cn i sai ng
li ca tri t, bao lu cn cha thun thin thi, thy th, vt l, tm l,

thin l, th by lu, cuc i chng ta bt k l i sng t nhn, hay

quc gia, x hi vn cha c n nh.
C. o trc v sau khi sinh ra vn vt:
o khi cha sinh ra vn vt th hn nhin nht th; o khi sinh
vn vt th y nh s phn tn, chia phi thnh nhiu hnh trng v c
nhiu danh hiu khc nhau.
Con ngi gic ng phi bit sng mt cuc sng khng xa la o th,
phi bit dng chn ni bn b hon thin, thun phc, vnh cu.
Tm ra c vnh cu gia vn trng ph du; tm ra c tnh lng gia
mun vn t sng th s rt ro; tm ra c thin chn gia mi hon
cnh tang thng, o ha; tm ra c vin mn, thun phc trong mt
th gii y bc tp, chch mc d dang, nh vy tc l:
Tri ch theo Lo t.
Hu H Thin qun (an ngh trong Thng ) theo
Trang t. [5]
Ch ch thin theo i Hc [6] hay Thung dung trung
o theo t ng Trung Dung. [7]
o b ngn theo t ng Pht gio.
Lo t cn cho ta thy rng o sinh ra mun loi mun vt, y thc
nh khe sui sinh ra sng bin. o khng la khi mun loi mun vt,
cng nh khe sui chng bao gi la khi sng bin. Nc khe sui tun ra
sng bin, ri nc sng bin li thnh ma tr v ngun.[8]
Cc hc gi thng bnh gii nh T T Do rng: Nc t vo sng
bin; sui khe ni c th coi nh nhng b phn nh ca nc chia ra.
Mun loi l t phn ca o, m o l u gc mun loi. Vt th ht
thy sng ngi tr li i dng cng nh ht thy mi vt di tri ny
phi ln v o pht sinh ra chng. [9]
Bnh ging nh cch trn, xt v thi khng sai, nhng khng n
vi cu vn ca Lo t.
Lo t vit: o i vi thin h, nh sui khe i vi sng bin. Nh
vy o ng vi sui khe, thin h ng vi sng bin.

Wieger bnh ton chng ny mt cch su sc nh sau: Mi vt tn

ti l nh s trin dng ca o. Nhng s trin dng y khng tch
ri khi o, v o khng suy gim khi chia s vi to vt. S trin
dng ca o trong mi vt chnh l bn th ca vt. o l i th, tc
l ton th vn vt, v vn vt l nhng tiu th pht sinh do s trin
dng ca o. [10]

[1] Duyvendak em cu Phc tuy tiu... dn mc chi lnh nhi t

qun
xung chng 37.
Duyvendak li cn cho rng chng 32 ny c lin lc vi
chng 66. V c l chng 66 tip ngay sau chng 32 ny.
[2] Ch tri ch y ging vi ch tri ch trong i
Hc v tri ch trong Nam Hoa kinh, chng 23, Canh
tang s, on C.
[3] H Thng Cng vit: Thin dic tng tri chi; tri chi kh d bt
i . . V ging rng: Nu mnh
hnh ng theo o c, th tri s bit, v thn linh s h tr,
nn khng gp nguy hi.
[4] Xem thm Trung Dung, chng 12: Ng i, thin h mc nng
ti yn; ng tiu, thin h mc nng ph yn ,
.
[5] Th d thnh nhn ha chi d th phi, nhi hu h Thin qun
.Trang t Nam hoa kinh, T Vt
lun, on C.
[6] Cf. i Hc, chng 1.
[7] Xem Trung Dung, chng 20.
[8] Duyvendak dch: La place de la Voie lgard de tout-sous-leciel peut tre compare celles des torrents et des valles
lgard du Fleuve et de la Mer. Cf. J. J. L. Duyvendak, Le Livre
de la Voie et de la Vertue, 1953 p. 77.
[9] Xem Nghim Ton, Lo t o c kinh, q. 1, tr. 226. Xem
Wieger, Les Pres du Systme Taoste, p. 40. Wieger dch: Il en

est du Principe par rapport aux tres divers qui remplissent le

monde, comme de la masse des grands fleuves et des mers
par rapport aux ruisseaux et aux filets deau. Ib. 40.
[10] Chaque tre existe par un prolongement du Principe en lui.
Ces prolongements ne sont pas dtachs du Principe, lequel ne
diminue donc pas en se communiquant. Le prolongement du
Principe est la nature universelle, tant la somme de toutes les
natures individuelles, ses prolongements. Lon Wieger, Les
Pres du Systme Taoste, p. 40-41.
CHNG 33
BIN C

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. . .
Phin m:
1. Tri nhn gi tr, t tri gi minh. Thng nhn gi hu lc,[1] t thng
gi cng. Tri tc gi ph, cng hnh gi hu ch.[2]
2. Bt tht k s gi cu.[3] T nhi bt vong gi th.[4]
Dch xui:
1. Bit ngi l khn. Bit mnh l sng. Thng ngi l k c sc; t
thng l k mnh. Bit tri tc l giu; c gng l ngi c ch.
2. Khng nh mt im ta s vng bn. Cht m khng ht, th l
th.
Dch th:
1. Bit ngi l k tr cao,
Bit mnh y k anh ho quang minh.
Thng ngi khc nh rng khe,
T thng mnh xit k hng cng.
Bit tc mn y giu sang,
C cng gng sc, bn gan y ngi.

2. Mun trng cu ch ri ch ta,

Cht vn cn l th mun i.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t khuyn:
1.

Phi bit mnh.

2.

Phi t thng, phi kim ch c mnh.

3.

Phi bit tri tc.

4.

Phi bit c gng.

5.

Phi tm cho ra ch da nng cho mnh.

6.

Phi lm sao trng sinh bt t.

1. Phi bit mnh

Trit nhn th tri k. C bit mnh, mi bit Tri. Mnh t vit:
Bit ht tm, s hay bit tnh,
Hay bit tnh, nht nh bit Tri. [5]
Bit mnh bit Tri tc l phng php i t ngn ngnh ln v
gc gc.
Ch hc bit phm tm vi tht tnh, lc dc ca n sung m thi,
th thit tng chng ch li g.
C nhiu ngi sng sut i m ch bit c mt th hc trc vt,
chy theo ngoi cnh, tm hiu ngoi cnh. Nhng ngi l nhng
ngi tr gi, thc gi (intellectuels, savants) ch khng phi l nhng
ngi minh trit (philosophes).
2. Phi t thng, phi kim ch c mnh
Ci cao siu ca con ngi chnh l s thot c vng kim ta ca
tht tnh, lc dc; t phm phu tr thnh mt con ngi siu nhin. Mun
vy cn phi t thng.
3. Phi bit tri tc
Bit tri tc s sung sng; khng bit tri tc s lao ao, ln n sut
i, chy theo tin ti, danh li ri cng li nh:
Vua Ng 36 tn vng,

Cht xung m ph chng mang c g.

4. Phi c gng
Mun thc hin c i cng trnh ni trn, tc l tr thnh con ngi
siu nhin, cn phi c gng khng ngng. l nh lut ca tri t.
Dch kinh vit: Thin hnh kin, qun t d t cng bt tc. ,
(Tri vn hnh khng ngi ngh, ngi qun t thy th,
cng phi c gng khng ngng.)[6]
5. Phi tm cho ra c ch da
u l ch nng da cho chnh mnh? Trong th gii ny, i phm
ci g c hnh thc, sc tng u l bo nh, quang hoa, nay cn, mai
mt, khng th no l ch da nng cho mnh c.
Cho nn, suy cho cng, th ch c Tri, c o, c Tuyt i vnh cu,
bt bin mi c th lm ch da nng cho mnh c m thi. Kinh Kim
Cng vit: ng v s tr nhi sinh k tm. Chnh l
dy ta phi da vo Tuyt i.
Dch kinh vit:
Hin nhn thng l trung hong,
Tm ni chnh v m an thn mnh.
p t tm khm xut sinh,
Lm cho c th sng vinh m miu.
Pht ra s nghip cao siu,
Thc l p in iu cn chi. [7]
Trang t trong thin i Tng s, on 3, cng khuyn ta nn gi thn
vo i Khi c trng tn.[8]
6. Phi lm sao trng sinh bt t
L Long Uyn bnh cu T nhi bt vong gi th nh sau: Tri c
chn th ca mnh nn tn ti; Con ngi c chn th ca mnh s
trng th. Cng c th ni rng: Vo ni v gin, siu xut sinh t, cng
tri t hp lm mt l T nhi bt vong gi th. Cht y l cht ci
phm tm, vng tm. Cn ni y l cn ci Chn tnh, Php tnh. Vng
tm cht ri, Chn tnh t nhin s trng tn. Cho nn thnh nhn xa
khng coi ci cht l cht, m coi s khng bit o l ci cht; khng gi

ci sng l sng, m coi s bit o l ci sng. Khi bit i o, du

thn cht i, nhng Chn tnh chng cht; Hnh tuy tiu i, nhng Chn
ng chng tiu. Th tc l: Php tnh ca ta bt sinh, bt t, bt hoi, bt
dit, khng c c kim, thng tr, thng ti, tuy khng k s th mnh,
nhng m th v cng. Nu bo rng sc thn khng cht l th, th l
ci th sc tng m thi. Cha thot c ci th sc tng, th lm sao
c th siu xut sinh t m t c ti b bn kia c, th lm sao m
chng qu chn thng v lu c? T nhi bt vong gi th l nh
vy. [9]
Ti hon ton ng vi Tng Long Uyn.
[1] C bn chp: Thng nhn gi lc (b ch hu ).
[2] C bn chp: Cng hnh gi hu (b ch ch ).
[3] C bn chp: Bt tht k s ch gi cu (thm
ch ch ).
[4] Ch vong xa vit l vong (qun). Nhiu bn vit vong
(mt). Vong l mt mi c ngha.
[5] Xem Mnh t, Tn Tm, chng c h, cu 1.
[6] Xem qu Kin, i tng truyn.
[7] Xem Dch kinh, Qu Khn, Vn ngn, Ho lc ng.
[8] Mon corps fait partie de la grande masse (du cosmos, de la nature, du
tout). En elle, le soutien de mon enfance, lactivit durant mon ge
mur, la paix dans ma vieillesse, le repos ma mort. Bonne elle ma
t durant ltat de vie, bonne elle me sera durant ltat mort. De tout
lieu particulier un object dpos peut tre drob; mais un objet confi
au tout lui-mme, ne sera pas enlev. Identifiez-vous avez la grande
masse; en elle est la permanence. Wieger, Les Pres du Systme
Taoste, p. 253.
[9] Xem Tng Long Uyn, o c kinh ging ngha, tr. 55.

CHNG 34
NHIM THNH

Hn vn:

, . . .
. , , .
, .
Phin m:
1. i o phim[1] h, k kh t hu. Vn vt th chi nhi sinh
nhi [2] bt t. Cng thnh bt danh hu.[3] i dng [4] vn vt nhi bt vi
ch. Thng v dc kh danh tiu, vn vt qui chi nhi bt vi ch, kh
danh i.[5]
2. Th d thnh nhn chung bt vi i,[6] c nng thnh k i.
Dch xui:
1. i o trn lan bn phi, bn tri. Vn vt nh N m sinh, m n
khng ni g. [7] Nn vic ri, khng xng l c. Thng yu nui dng
mun loi m khng lm ch. Thng khng ham mun. C th gi tn l
nh; Mun vt theo v m khng lm ch, nn c th gi tn l ln.
2. Thnh nhn sut i khng cho mnh l ln, cho nn thnh c
vic ln ca mnh.
Dch th:
1. o cao c lan trn t hu,
Cho mun loi bm vu sng cn.
Dng sinh vn vt trn gian,
Lng thinh chng c khoe khoang na li.
Chng tranh chp cng, cng ch,
Mun cng trnh vn c nn thinh.
Dng nui u i qun sinh,
Chng phn ch t, chng dnh quyn uy.
Khng ham mun, c b yu th,
Nhng tht tnh qu l ln lao.
Qun sinh mun kip gm thu,
M khng c ging vng hu, cha ti.

ng thnh nhn sut i khim tn,

Chng bao gi khoe ln, khoe cng.
V khng cy th cy thn,
Cho nn lp c i cng vi i.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t khuyn bc thnh nhn bt chc Tri, bt chc
o m hnh s.
V th chng ny chia lm hai phn:
- Phn trn ni v thi , v hnh vi ca o
- Phn di ni v thi , v hnh vi ca thnh nhn.
o thi v k, v ngn, v cng, v danh. Cho nn thnh nhn cng
nn v k, v ngn, v cng, v danh.
Trang T, trong Nam Hoa kinh cng c mt on tng t nh on
ny:
Tm Tri phi qun i, qun cnh,
Qun ph sinh, o nh bn ngoi.
Tm hn khi ht pha phi,
Mi mong rc r nh tri hin ra.
thy o u l kim c,
Ht c kim vo ch trng sinh.
Ham sinh thi li iu linh,
Ph sinh chng chung, thn minh y l.
Hy c gng vt qua nhn ngha,
Hy qun i nghi l ca i.
Qun mnh, qun c hnh hi,
Thng minh, tr tu gc ngoi tm linh.
Hy hp vi v hnh v tng,
Cng i Thng v lng snh i.
Th l c o, c Tri,

Thot vng bin ha mun i trng sinh.

Ai ch v s tnh sau trc,
y thy ta i lc cho ta.
Thy ta, mun vt iu ha,
M no k ngha, vi l k n.
Ban phc trch cho mun th h,
M cha h ly th lm nhn.
Trng tn my mun nm,
M cha h thy c phn gi nua.
Thy ta ch cng che tri t,
Li ra tay iu khc mun loi.
Th m mt mc thnh thi,
Cha h c bo l ti, l hay. [8]
[1] C bn vit l .
[2] C bn vit l d .
[3] Bn Ph Dch chp: Cng thnh nhi bt c . Bn H Thng
Cng chp: Cng thnh nhi bt danh hu . Bn Trn Tr
chp: Cng thnh nhi bt hu .
[4] C nhiu bn chp l: Y Dng hay Y b .
[5] C bn chp: Kh danh vi i .
[6] C nhiu bn chp: Chung bt t vi i .
[7] Trng Mc hiu ch t l li ni. Cc bn khc thng hiu l t
chi.
[8] Xem Nam Hoa kinh, i Tng S, cc on G, H, I, K.
Trang t cng vit trong thin Tiu diu du:
Ch nhn v k, thn nhn v cng, thnh nhn v danh ,
, (Xem Nam Hoa kinh, Tiu diu du, on C)

CHNG 35
NHN C


Hn vn:

, . . . , . ,
. , . .
Phin m:
1. Chp i tng,[1] thin h vng. Vng nhi bt hi. An bnh thi.
2. Nhc d nh,[2] qu khch ch. o chi xut khu, m h k v v.
Th chi nhi bt tc kin, thnh chi nhi bt tc vn. Dng chi bt kh k.
Dch xui:
1. Thnh nhn cm gng ln, cho thin h theo. Theo m chng hi,
li an n, thanh bnh.
2. Nh nhc, c bn khi khch v ri thi ht.[3] o ra khi ming
thi nht nho nh th l v vi, khng ng xem, khng ng nghe, nhng
em dng th v tn.
Dch th:
1. ng thnh nhn l gng trong tro,
Soi o tri cho mi ngi theo,
Ai theo no hi u no,
Li cn an lc, ra vo thi khang.
2. Bao nh nhc c bn yn m,
Khch i ri vng lng nh khng.
o Tri ra khi tc lng,
Ni ra ngoi ming, nht khng, nht pho.
mt nhn, nh chiu chng xng,
Lng tai nghe ng chng ng nghe,
Nhng em dng tht tha thu.
Mun nghn ng dng chng h c vi.
BNH GING

ng thnh nhn l hin thn ca Tri, cho nn i sng ca ngi l

gng mu cho thin h. Thin h m theo cc ngi th ch c li, ch
khng c hi, li v tm hn s tr nn sng khoi, th thi, an nhin.
Tuy nhin, thnh nhn khng th no m t li cho thin h ht mi
trng thi ni tm ca mnh khi c o, cng nh khng th m t
c ht mi k th ca o. V th cho nn, chnh mnh chng ta phi
chng nghim li nhng iu c nhn ni, phi thc hin li nhng
trng thi tm thn m c nhn qua, nu khng th o s tr nn v
v.
Trang T trong thin Thin o cho rng: Sch v ca thnh nhn
xa truyn li ch l nhng cn b ca t tng h m thi. [4]
Thc vy, c sch thnh hin th thiu g ngi c, nhng sng i
ca thnh hin th xa nay my ai.
Trang t cng cho rng: o bt kh t ngh, nn ni hay vit g v
o cng u bt xng. Hi, tha, bn lun v o, tt c u v ngha.
Cn lun qun trong vng , thi cha th no thot phm, nhp thnh
c. [5]
[1] Tng : hnh trng; gng mu, php tc.
[2] Nh : n.
[3] Cc bn khc thng dch: Nh nhc v c bn khin cho khch i
ng dng li.
[4] Xem Trang t Nam Hoa kinh, Thin o (chng 13) on H.
[5] Xem Trang t Nam Hoa kinh, Tr Bc Du (ch. 22) on H.

CHNG 36
VI MINH

Hn vn:

, . , . ,
. , . , . ,
, .
Phin m:

1. Tng dc hp chi,[1] tt c trng [2] chi. Tng dc nhc chi, tt

c cng chi. Tng dc ph chi, tt c hng chi. Tng dc ot chi,
[3] tt c d chi. [4] Th v vi minh,[5] nhu nhc thng cng cng.
2. Ng bt kh thot uyn, quc chi li kh, bt kh d th nhn.[6]
Dch xui:
1. Trc khi lm cho chng, thi ging ra cho thng. Trc khi lm cho
suy yu, thi gip cho mnh thm. Trc khi vt b i, thi lm cho hng
vng. Trc khi mun cp ly, thi hy cho trc. Th gi l hiu l vi
diu (ca Tri). Mm yu c cng mnh.
2. C chng kh ri vc, quc bo chng nn ph trng.
Dch th:
1. Mun cho chng, trc dng cho thng,
Mun cho suy, trc tm mnh thm.
Trc khi thi loi h hn,
Tt cho hng vng, mt phen huy hong.
Trc khi i li ca ban,
Thi thng sao cng tin vn gia n.
Lut tri khc ct minh tm,
Xa nay nhu li c phn thng cng.
2. Vc su c phi nu nng,
Nhng quc bo, ph trng ch g.
BNH GING
Chng ny Lo t ch c khuyn ta nn sng n dt, ng chy theo
vinh hoa, ph qu lm chi.
L doanh h ca tri t by ra trc mt. Thnh ri s suy; mnh
ri s yu, hng ri s ph; c ri s mt.
Xa nay v phng din chnh tr hay binh b, mun nh bi ch th,
trc ht phi lm cho h tr nn t kiu, t c, ngh mnh l v ch, bt
kh xm phm.
Vit Vng Cu Tin mun bo th Ng Ph Sai. Vn Chng hin k m
rng: Ti c nghe chim bay cao, cht v tham n l; c vc su cht v

tham mi thm, by gi nh Cha cng mun tr th, th Ng Cha s ho

ci g cng nn tm qua dng, lm cho thch . Hin ti c ngh c
by iu quyt ph c nc Ng:
- Mt l quyn qu ha, lm cho vui lng Cha ti nc Ng;
- Hai l mua la mc gi, nc Ng tch t khng c nhiu;
- Ba l dng con gi tm ch m lm;
- Bn l em hin nhng g tt th hay, khin lm cung n cho ht
ca;
- Nm l khin mu thn ti by iu mu lon;
- Su l cng bc nhng v gian thn hay cn ngn, khin h t git
mnh th Ng Cha phi yu th;
- By l tch ca ci tp qun lnh tha lc Ng gn suy n m
nh mt trn.
Cu Tin cho l by k rt hay. [7]
Vit Vng em p dng by k hoch y, sau c ph c nc Ng,
thng trn tr v. Chin s thi o gm v lng, cung nhn th ti nh hoa
n ng y ni cung in... Nhng ngn nm v sau, ni cung in xa
ca Cu Tin, ch cn c hoa tn, c a, v tr thnh ni tr n ca by
chim a a bay ln v tnh.
L Bch cm hoi nh sau:
Vit Vng Cu Tin ph Ng quy,

Chin s hon gia tn cm y,

Cung n nh hoa mn xun in,

Ch kim duy hu gi c phi. [8]

Bi Khnh n dch:
Bnh Ng Cu Tin ko qun ra,

Chin s v qu, rt gm l,
Cung n nh hoa y in ngc,
Ngy nay ch thy bng chim a.
Thnh nhn hiu l thng trm ca tri t, nn khng chy theo vinh
hoa ph qu ph du, m vui sng n dt cng o.

Cho nn mun tiu si an nhin, hy sng n dt. C mun an

ton, hy di vc su; quc bo mun khi mt, ch em
khoe cho dn chng thy.
[1] Hp : rt li.
[2] Trng : dng ln.
[3] ot : ly li.
[4] D : cho.
[5] Vi minh : cn do th huyn vi, hiu qu th r rt (H
Thng Cng).
[6] Trong Nam Hoa kinh, chng 10, Kh Khip, on B, ta cng
thy Trang t lp li cu ny.
[7] V Minh Tr dch, ng Chu lit quc, tr. 955-956.
[8] Xem Bi Khnh n, ng thi, tr. 513.
CHNG 37
VI CHNH

Hn vn:
. , . ,
. , . , .
Phin m:
1. o thng v vi nhi v bt vi.
2. Hu vng nhc nng th chi, vn vt tng t ha.
3. Ha nhi dc tc, ng tng trn chi. D v danh chi phc, dic tng
v dc. Bt dc d tnh, thin h tng t nh.

Dch xui:
1. o thng khng lm g; nhng khng g khng lm.
2. Nu bc vng hu gi c o th mun loi s t chuyn ha.
3. Chuyn ha m mun v vi sinh chuyn, ta s chn tnh li bng
ci Khng tn mc mc. V danh mc mc t khng ham mun. Khng
ham mun d c yn tnh, do thin h s nh.

Dch th:
1. Tri im lm v vi bt bin,
Vn lm nn mun chuyn mun cng.
2. Vng hu ly lm lng,
Mun loi t s hanh thng thi bnh.
3. Nu c k sinh tnh d di,
Ta can cho b thi lao ao,
Ka gng cao c tng cao,
V danh thun phc, l no chng theo.
Sng phc gin, chng eo danh li,
Lng thnh thang sch mi tham lam.
Khng tham, lng s bnh an,
T nhin thin h thi khang, tr bnh.

BNH GING
Chng ny l chng cht ca thng kinh.
Lo t li khuyn ta nn sng v vi thun phc. Ti sao? V Lo t
mong mun cho chng ta c mt i sng huyn ha siu linh, hp nht
vi Tri, vi o.
Trang t vit: C hai ng li: ng li Tri, ng li ngi. V vi
mt cch cao siu, tn qu l ng li Tri. Hu vi mc vng tc ly,
l ng li ngi. ng li Tri cao siu (ng li ca ch nhn).
ng li ngi thp km (ng li ca thn h). Cho nn ng li Tri
ngi khc nhau xa vy... [1]

Chnh v chng ta d thi, d lm qu, sinh lm chuyn nn c nhn ta

mi lao ao ln n, nn thin h mi kh s, nn Tri ngi mi tr nn
gng qui chia phi.
Vy mun thung dung, phi hp vi Tri, vi o hy sng v vi t
nhin, thun phc.
Nhan Hi hi Khng t: Tri ngi hp nht ngha l g? Khng t p:
Ngi l Tri (v l mt phn ca i khi), Tri cng l Tri (v l i khi).
Ci lm cho con ngi mt Tri chnh l c tnh ca mi ngi. (V th nn)
thnh nhn an nhin hn ha vi i th. [2]
l nhng iu ng cho ta lu tm suy ngh, khi c xong quyn
thng kinh ny.
[1] o hu thin o, hu nhn o, v vi nhi tn gi, thin o d; hu
vi nhi ly gi, nhn o d. Ch gi thin o d. Thn gi nhn o
d. Thin o chi d nhn o, tng kh vin h , ,
, ; , . . .
, ... Trang t, Nam Hoa kinh, chng 11, Ti
Hu, on F.
[2] H vi nhn d Thin nht da? Trng Ni vit: Hu nhn, thin d. Hu
Thin dic Thin d. Nhn chi bt nng hu Thin, tnh d. Thnh nhn
yn nhin, th th nhi chung h ? : , .
. , . , . Trang t,
Nam Hoa kinh, chng 20, on G.