PC TROUBLE SHOOTING

(FINAL PERIOD)

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE 16-BIT (FAT16)

THE OLDEST OF THE WINDOWS FILE
SYSTEM.
THE NUMBER 16 REFERS TO THE FACT
THAT THIS FILE SYSTEM ALLOCATES 16
BITS TO STORE THE ADDRESS OF EACH
SECTOR.
FAT16 COULD SUPPORT PARTITION UP TO 2
GB.

FILE ALLOCATION TABLE 32-BIT (FAT32)

FAT32 USES 32-BIT NUMBERS TO IDENTIFY
THE CLUSTERS, RESULTING IN A MAXIMUM
SINGLE VOLUME SIZE OF 2TB OR 2048GB.
FAT32 IS THE FILE OF CHOICE FOR ALL
VERSION OF WINDOWS 9X WITH THE
EXCEPTION OF THE VERY FIRST VERSION
OF WINDOWS 95. ANY VERSION OF
WINDOWS 98, OR WINDOWS ME, IT HAS A
FAT32 FILE SYSTEM.

NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM (NTFS)

WINDOWS XP AND UPGRADED OPERATING
SYSTEM OF WINDOWS USE THE MORE
POWERFUL, ROBUST, AND FLEXIBLE NT
FILE SYSTEM.

INSTALLATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM

-

IT IS THE PROCESS OF COPIYING (FRESH

COPY) THE MAIN PROGRAM OF THE
COMPUTER FROM THE CD INSTALLER TO
THE INSTALLED HARD DISK DRIVE.

PARTITION
-

IT IS THE FORMAT HOW THE USER OF THE

TERMINAL WRITE/SAVE THE FILE TO THE
HARD DISK DRIVE.
IS A DISCRETE ELECTRONIC CHUNK OF THE
HARD DRIVE USED AS AN UNDERLYING
STRUCTURE FOR ORGANIZING DATA ON
THE DRIVE.

PARTITION HAS, IN EFFECT, ITS

PERSONAL CARD CATALOG, CALLED
ALLOCATION TABLE (FAT).

OWN
FILE

THE JOB OF THIS CARD CATALOG IS TO KEEP

TRACK OF THE LOCATION OF ALL FILES ON A
GIVEN PARTITION.
TYPE OF PARTITION
1. PRIMARY PARTTION PART OF THE HARD
DISK DRIVE WHERE LOCATED/INSTALLED
THE OPERATING SYSTEM.
IT IS THE BOOTABLE PART OF THE HARD
DISK DRIVE.
IT IS ASSIGNED TO DRIVE LETTER C:

NTFS SUPPORTS FILENAMES UP TO 256

CHARACTERS LONGS AND PARTITION UP
TO (A THEORETICAL) 16 EXABYTES.
NTFS
ALSO
PROVIDES
EXTENDED
ATTRIBUTES AND FILE SYSTEM SECURITY
FEATURES THAT DO NOT E?XIST IN THE
FAT FILE SYSTEM.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:

2. EXTENDED PARTITION CAN BE DIVIDED
INTO ONE OR MORE LOGICAL PARTITION.
NOT BOOTABLE.
NOT ASSIGNED DRIVE LETTER OR AT LEAST
NOT DIRECTLY.
FILE SYSTEM
THE DATA SAVE IN THE PARTITION NEEDS A
FILLING SYSTEM THAT DEFINES THE NAMES OF
THE FILES.
EACH FILE SYSTEM CAN THEN USE ITS METHOD
TO ALLOCATE FILE SPACE IN LOGICAL UNITS
CALLED CLUSTER OR ALLOCATION UNITS.

FILE
ALLOCATION
TABLE
(FAT)

STANDARD FILE SYSTEM SUPPORTED BY

DOS (DISK OPERATING SYSTEM) AND
WINDOWS 9X/ME. THE DEFAULT FILE
SYSTEM USED BY THE WINDOWS 2000 AND
LATER ON FLASH OR OTHER REMOVABLE
DRIVES.
FAT PARTITION SUPPORT FILENAMES OF 11
CHARACTERS MAXIMUN (8 CHARACTERS +
A 3-CHARACTER EXTENSION) UNDER THE
DOS AND 255 CHARACTERS UNDER
WINDOWS 9X. THE STANDARD FAT FILE
SYSTEM USES 12- OR 16-BIT NUMBERS TO
IDENTIFY CLUSTERS, RESULTING IN A
MAXIMUM VOLUME SIZE OF 2 GB.

ERROR CHECKING FOR DRIVE C: WILL

ALLOW TO CHECK THE DRIVE SYSTEM
ERRORS.
DEFRAGMENTATION OPTIMAZING
COMPUTERS
DRIVER
FOR
EFFICIENY USAGE.

YOUR
MORE

PERMISSION IS THE APPROVAL OF THE

SECURITY FOR THE MACHINE TO ALLOW
THE USERS THE TYPE OF CONTROL
HE/SHE CAN USE.
SYSTEM PROPERTIES CAN SHOW YOU THE
BASIC INFORMATION OF YOUR SYSTEM.
COMPUTER
(MMC)

MANAGEMENT

CONSOLE

IS A COMPONENT OF WINDOWS 2000 AND

ITS SUCCESSORS THAT PROVIDES SYSTEM
ADMINISTRATORS AND ADVANCED USERS
AN INTERFACE FOR CONFIGURING AND
MONITORING THE SYSTEM.

SERVICES ALLOW THE USER TO

CONTROL ALL THE SERVICES THAT
INSTALLED IN THE SYSTEM.
WINDOWS MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS
(WMI) - CONSISTS OF A SET OF
EXTENSIONS TO THE WINDOWS DRIVER
MODEL THAT PROVIDES AN OPERATING
SYSTEM INTERFACE THROUGH WHICH
INSTRUMENTED COMPONENTS PROVIDE
INFORMATION AND NOTIFICATION.JKLO
BASIC BEEP CODES FOR PERSONAL
COMPUTER TROUBLE SHOOTING

3 MAJOR ACCESS OF MMC

SYSTEM TOOLS
TASK SCHEDULER
TO CREATE AND MANAGE COMMON
TASKS THAT YOUR COMPUTER WILL
CARRY OUT AUTOMATICALLY AT THE
TIME THE USER SPECIFY.
EVENT VIEWER
TO VIEW EVENT THAT HAVE
OCCURRED ON YOUR COMPUTER.
TO VIEW AND MANAGE THE
SYSTEM,
APPLICATION,
AND
SECURITY EVENT LOGS. SYSTEM
LOG. THE SYSTEM LOG RECORDS
EVENTS LOGGED BY THE WINDOWS
2000 SYSTEM COMPONENTS. FOR
EXAMPLE, THE FAILURE OF A
DRIVER
OR
OTHER
SYSTEM
COMPONENT TO LOAD DURING
STARTUP IS RECORDED IN THE
SYSTEM LOG.
SHARED FOLDER
IS GROUP-SPECIFIC OR CLIENTSPECIFIC: EITHER ALL USERS
WITHIN ONE CLIENT OR A DEFINED
GROUP OF USERS ARE ABLE TO
ACCESS
THE
FOLDER.
USE.
SHARED FOLDERS ALLOW MORE
THAN ONE USER TO ACCESS THE
SAME DOCUMENT.
PERFORMACE MONITOR
IS A TOOL THAT ADMINS CAN USE
TO EXAMINE HOW PROGRAMS
RUNNING ON THEIR COMPUTERS
AFFECT THEIR PERFORMANCE.
DEVICE MANAGER
IS A CONTROL PANEL APPLET IN
MICROSOFT WINDOWS OPERATING
SYSTEMS. IT ALLOWS USERS TO
VIEW
AND
CONTROL
THE
HARDWARE ATTACHED TO THE
COMPUTER. WHEN A PIECE OF
HARDWARE IS NOT WORKING, THE
OFFENDING
HARDWARE
IS
HIGHLIGHTED FOR THE USER TO
DEAL WITH.

STORAGE

DISK MANAGEMENT - AN UMBRELLA TERM

FOR A VARIETY OF FUNCTIONS FOR INITIALIZING A
HARD DISK, MAINTAINING ITS HEALTH AND
MANAGING ITS ORGANIZATION.
EX. FORMAT, DIAGNOSTICS, DEFRAGMENT
AND DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT.

SERVICES AND APPLICATION

BEEP CODE IS THE AUDIO SIGNAL GIVEN

OUT BY A COMPUTER TO ANNOUNCE THE
RESULT OF A SHORT DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
SEQUENCE THE COMPUTER PERFORMS
WHEN FIRST POWERING UP (CALLED THE
POWER-ON-SELF-TEST OR POST).

NO SOUND / NO LIGHT INDICATOR

POWER PROBLEM.
CHECK THE POWER CHORD CONNECTION,
OUTLET (SWITCH), AVR,
CABLES, OR
WIRES.
1 SHORT BEEP NORMAL CONDITION
INDICATES A VIDEO
ERROR HAS
OCCURRED AND
THE BIOS CANNOT
INITIALIZE THE
VIDEO SCREEN TO
DISPLAY ANY
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
VIDEO CARD NOT
DETECTED
(RESEAT VIDEO
CARD) OR BAD
VIDEO CARD

1 LONG, 2 SHORT

1 LONG, 3 SHORT

BEEPS REPEATING
RAM PROBLEM.
ENDLESSLY
REPEATED HIGH FREQUENCY OVERHEATING
BEEPS WHILE PC IS RUNNING PROCESSOR (CPU)
ISSUE WITH THE
REPEATED BEEPS
PROCESSOR (CPU),
ALTERNATING HIGH & LOW
POSSIBLY
FREQUENCY
DAMAGED

WINDOWS
OPERATING
REQUIREMENTS

PROPER POSITIONING
QWERTY KEYBOARDS

OF

SYSTEM

FINGERS

SYSTEM

TO

THE