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Basics of PLCS: Step 2000
Basics of PLCS: Step 2000
Basics of PLCs
Table of Contents
Introduction ..............................................................................2
PLCs .........................................................................................4
Number Systems......................................................................8
Terminology ............................................................................ 14
Basic Requirements................................................................23
S7-200 Micro PLCs.................................................................28
Connecting External Devices..................................................39
Programming A PLC ...............................................................41
Discrete Inputs/Outputs .........................................................49
Analog Inputs and Outputs.....................................................61
Timers.....................................................................................64
Counters ................................................................................. 71
High-Speed Instructions .........................................................75
Specialized Expansion Modules .............................................78
Review Answers.....................................................................84
Final Exam ..............................................................................85
Introduction
PLCs
Hard-Wired Control
OL T1
OL T2
OL T3
L1
460 VAC L2
L3
Motor
OL
M
1
CR
24 VAC
Stop
Start
CR
CR
Advantages of PLCs
Siemens PLCs
S7-200
Number Systems
Binary System
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
10
1, 10, 100, 1000, ...
0, 1
2
Powers of base 2 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...)
Converting Binary
to Decimal
In the following example, the fourth and fifth columns from the
right contain a 1. The decimal value of the fourth column from
the right is 8, and the decimal value of the fifth column from
the right is 16. The decimal equivalent of this binary number is
24. The sum of all the weighted columns that contain a 1 is the
decimal number that the PLC has stored.
In the following example the fourth and sixth columns from the
right contain a 1. The decimal value of the fourth column from
the right is 8, and the decimal value of the sixth column from
the right is 32. The decimal equivalent of this binary number is
40.
Each binary piece of data is a bit. Eight bits make up one byte.
Two bytes, or 16 bits, make up one word.
Logic 0, Logic 1
BCD
10
Hexadecimal
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
16
Powers of base 16 (1, 16, 256, 4096 ...)
The ten digits of the decimal system are used for the first ten
digits of the hexadecimal system. The first six letters of the
alphabet are used for the remaining six digits.
A = 10
B = 11
C = 12
D = 13
E = 14
F = 15
16 = 1
1
16 = 16
B = 11
11
Conversion of Numbers
12
Review 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
____________
BCD
____________
Hexadecimal
____________
13
Terminology
Actuators
14
Discrete Input
15
Analog Inputs
Discrete Outputs
16
Analog Outputs
CPU
17
Programming
Ladder Logic
STEP 2000
Basics of
Control
Components
18
19
PLC Scan
Software
Hardware
20
Memory Size
RAM
ROM
EPROM
Firmware
21
Putting it Together
22
Basic Requirements
PLC
PLC
Programming Device
Programming Software
Connector Cable
23
Programming Devices
24
Software
25
26
Review 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
PLC
Programming Device
Programming Software
Connector Cable
Printer
27