SOLUTION

Narrated by: RS Trijana Kartoatmodjo

Yogyakarta, 20-23 November 2012

1.1

Solution
2.637 10 4 kt
2.637 10 4 0.1 3
tD
127

2
5
2
0.72 1.5 10 0.23 (0.5)
ct rw
2

1
rD
pD (t D , rD ) Ei (
) (1.7 a )
2
4t D

1 tD
ln(( 2 ) 0.80907 (1.7b)
2 rD

r
1

2
(1) At r 1 ft rD
rw 0.5

t D 127

31.75
2
4
rD

1
22
1
1
) Ei (7.874 10 3 ) Ei (0.008)
a ) p D (127,2) Ei (
2
4 127
2
2
1
(4.259) ( from Table 1.1 or P.4)
2
kh( pi p ) 1

4.259 2.1295
141.2qB 2
141.2qB
B
141.2 20 1.475 0.72
425.75
pi p 2.1295
2.1295
0.1 150
kh
p pi 425 3000 425 2575 p
psi
1 127
1 tD
4.266
b) p D (127,2) ln( 2 ) 0.80907 ln( 2 ) 0.80907
2.133
2 rD
2

2 2
pi p 2.133 199.93 426.47
p 3000 426.47 2573 psi
3

r 10
(2) At r 10 ft rD
20
rw 0.5

t D 127

2 2 0.3175
20
rD

rD
1
p D (t D , rD ) Ei (
)
2
4t D

1 tD
ln( 2 ) 0.80907
2 rD

1
20 2
1
1
p D (127,20) Ei (
) [ Ei (0.787)] (0.322)
2
4 127
2
2
1 127
1
ln( 2 ) 0.80907 (0.3382) 0.1691
2 20
2
( from Table 1.1 on p.4)

1
p D (127,20) (0.322) 0.161
2
kh( pi p )

0.161
141.2qB
141.2qB
pi p 0.161
0.161 199.93 32.18
kh
p 3000 32.18 2968 psi
1
p D (127,20) (0.3382) 0.169
2
pi p (0.169) 199.93 33.80
p 3000 33.8 3033.8 p
psi
5

 tD

127
3
3.175 10
2
2
200
rD

r 100
(3) At r 100 ft rD
200
rw 0.5
2

1
rD
1
200 2
1
1
pD (t D , rD ) Ei (
) Ei (
) [ Ei (78.7)] (0) 0
2
4t D
2
4 127
2
2
p pi

1 tD
pD (t D , rD ) ln( 2 ) 0.80907
2 rD

1
ln(3.175 10 3 ) 0.80907
2
1
(4.943) 2.47
2

1.2

Solution :
(1) J ( PI )

p pwff
( 2) J

p pwff

100 STB / D
0.2 STB / D / psi
2000 psi 1500 psi

kJ h

re 3
141.2 B ln
l
rw 4

re 3
141.2qB ln
rw 4

kJ

h p pwf

1000 3
141.2 100 1.5 0.5ln
l

0.25 4 16md

102,000 1,500
7

(3) a) k core (= 50md) k J (= 16md) damaged (badly)

b) Form Eq(1.18)
re 3
k ln
rw 4

kJ
re 3
ln s
rw 4
re 3
k
ln s
rw 4
kJ

re 3
ln
rw 4

re 3 re 3
ln ln
rw 4 rw 4
k
re 3
1 ln
l

kJ
rw 4

50 1,000
1 ln
0.75 16
16 0.25

k
s
kJ

Flow Equation for Generalized Reservoir Geometry

P d - steady
Pseudo
t d state
t t solution
l ti for
f a well
ll centered
t d in
i a circular
i l
drainage area is
re 3
p p wf
ln s (1.16)
rw 4
A similar equation models pseudo - steady state flow in more
qB
141.2
kh

general reservoir shapes :

p p wf

q
qB
141.2
kh

1 100.06 A 3
s (1.20)
l
ln
2
2 C A rw 4

Wh
Where
A drainage
d i
area, ft 2
C A shape factor for specific drainage area shape and well
location, dimensionless.
ess (Table 1.2)
1 2)

p pwf

0.00708kh
1 10.06 A 3
s
B ln
2
2 C A rw 4

(1.21)

10

Table 1.2 (p.9)

(a) last column : the max time a reservoir is infinite acting
rw2
t DA t D x
A
where

or

ct A x
2.64 104 k

2.64 104 kt
t DA
ct A

for a circular reservoir

(b) next to last column :
Time required for the pseudosteady - state equation to be
accurate within 1%
ct A
x
t
4
2.64 10 k
(c) The
Th third
thi d column
l
f
from
th last
the
l t column
l
:
Time required for the pseudosteady - state equation to be exact.
t

c A
2.64 10 k
4

x
11

BOUNDARY EFFECT TIME ANALYZED FROM

TYPE CURVES
Closed circular reservoir with reDD = 3000 case

11 0
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5

pD

9.0
8.5
8.0

infinite reservoir
reD=3000
D 3000 (re=1050
( 1050 ft)

7.5
7.0

The visually deviated point from

type curve analysis

6.5
6.0
1.0E+05

1.0E+06

tD

*=1.96*106

1.0E+07

1.0E+08

tD

12

Late - Transient Region

This region is small ( or, for practical purposes nonexistent ) for a well
centered in a circular, sequence, or hexagonal drainage area, as Table 1.2
iindicates.
di
For a well
ll off
ff - center in
i its
i drainage
d i
area, the
h late
l - transient
i
region can spane a significant time region, as Table 1.2 also indicates.

13

Pseudo - steady state flow equation for generalized reservoir geometry

p wf pi 141.2
kh pi p wf
141.2qB
pD

pD

re 3
qB 0.000527 kt

ln

2
kh cre
rw 4

0.000527kt ln r

3
r 4
w
e

cre2

re 3
2t D

ln

2
re
rw 4
2
rw
2t D
3

ln
r

eD
4
reD2

re
kh pi p
2.634 10 4 kt
tD
reD
pD
rw
141.2qB
crw2

where

10.06 A
r
r
10.06(r ) 10.06 A

eD
2
2
2
r
r
(10.06 )rw
C A rw
C A rw
C A rw2
1 10.06 A 3

2
pD
t D ln
2
10.06 A
2 C A rw 4
reD2

or

2
e
2
w

2
e
2
w

2
e

C A rw2
1 10.06 A 3

pD
t D ln
5.03 A
2 C A rw2 4

1
2

14

Pseudo - steady state flow equation for generalized reservoir geometry

C A rw2
1 10.06 A 3

t D ln
pD
2
5.03 A
2 C A rw 4
(1) A re2
C A 31.60
31.60rw2
1 10.06re2 3

pD
t ln
2 D
2
2 31.60rw 4
5.03re
rw2 1 re2 3
p D 2t D 2 ln 2
re 2 rw 4

re

rw
re 3
p D 2t D ln
re
rw 4

15

(2) A xe xe

C A 30.8828

30.8828rw2
1 10.06 xe2 3

t D ln
pD
2
2
2 30.8828rw 4
5.03 xe
rw2
xe2 3
1
p D 6.1397 2 t D ln 0.32574 2
2
rw 4
xe
rw2
xe
p D 6.1397t D 2 ln
rw
xe

1
3
ln(0.32574)
4
2

rw2
xe
p D 6.1397t D 2 ln
rw
xe

0.5608 0.75

rw2
xe
p D 6.1397t D 2 ln
rw
xe

1.3108

xe

xe

16

17

1.3

Solution :
t DA

rw2 2.64 10 4 kt rw2 2.64 10 4 kt

2.64 10 4 100t

t D
2
5
6

A
A

r
1

10

0
.
2

17
.
42

10
t
t
w

7.577 10 4 t
t 1320t DA

18

(2) From Eq (1.21

(1 21 such as)
J

p p wff

0.00708kh

1.21

1 10.6 A 3
s
B ln
l
2
2 C A rw 4
0.00708 100 10
7.08
J

1 10.6 17.42 10 6 3
1 2.051 10 9
1.2 1 ln
3 1.2 ln
2
CA
2
4
2 C A 0.3

2.25

7.08
7.08

0.6 ln 2.051 10 9 0.6 ln C A 2.7 15.565 0.6 ln C A

19

F
From
E 1.21 suchh as
Eq
q
J
p p wf

q p p wf J 500 J
(3) From the results of (1)
For t 30 hrs, the reservoir is in infinite acting period
For t 200 hrs, the reservoir is in late - transient period
(i.e. the pseudosteady - state equation is not yet accurate)
For t 400 hrs, the pseudosteady - state equation is accurate
within 1% error

20

Equations
For t 30hrs
pi p wf

qB
70.6
kh

1688 ct rw2
ln
kt

2 s 1.11

For t 200hrs
no simple equation can be written
For 400hrs
p p wf

qB
141.2
kh

1 10.06 A 3
s 1.20
ln
2
2 C A rw 4

21

1.4

Solution :
(1)
ri 2 1,000 fft 2,000 fft
From eq1.47 such
1
2

k
kt

ri
948 ct
kt 948 ct ri 2
948 ct ri 2 948 0.2 0.5 2 10 5 (2000) 2
t

75.8hrs
k
100
(2)
q any flows rate sufficiently large that pressure change with time can be
recorded with sufficient precision to be useful for analysis.

22

Solutions :

p p
i

well B

1.5

70.6q1B 948ct r 2

Ei
kh
kt

70.6q2 q1 B 948ct r 2

Ei
kh
k t t1
948ct r 2
70.6 B
948ct r 2

pi p
q2 q1 Ei
q1 Ei
kh
kt

k t t1
948ct r 2 948 0.06 0.04 18 106 500
sin ce

12.01
25
k
70.6 B 70.6 0.44 1.32

0.0381
kh
25 43
2

12.01
12.01

pi p 0.0381300 Ei

300
Ei

6 24
1 24

0.0381 300Ei 0.0834 Ei 0.500

11.43 1.993 0.560
16.37 psi

23

1.6

:
S l
Solutions
(1) qlast

68 ( STB ) 24 (hrs )

22.7 STB
D
72 (hhrs ) 1 ( Day
D )

Np
52 0 46 68
166
t p 24
24
24
175.5 hrs
qlast
22.7
22.7
(2)

t last
t next to last

72 (hrs )
2.76 2
26 (hrs )

Thus Horner
Thus,
Horner' s approximation is probably adequate for the case.
case

24

25

26