Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hoisting System
Hoisting System
Drilling Engineering
PE 311
General Information
Required Materials
1.
textbook
2.
3.
Class notes
4.
PowerPoint slides
Grading
Homework: 20%
Quizzes: 20%
Midterm exam: 30%
Final: 30%
Movie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DniNIvE69SE&feature=relate
d
Rotary drilling
2.
Drilling fluids
3.
Drilling hydraulics
4.
Drilling bits
5.
Directional drilling
6.
7.
Cements
8.
Casing design
9.
Tubing design
10.
Introduction
What we want to do is:
To make a hole!
But we have to make it economically and safely
10. Gather all personnel concerned for meeting prior to commencing drilling (prespud meeting)
11. If necessary, further modify program.
12. Drill well.
13. Move off contractor if workover unit is to complete the well.
14. Complete well.
15. Install surface facilities.
16. Analysis of operations with concerned personnel.
Drilling Rig
A drilling rig is a machine which creates holes (usually called boreholes) in the
ground. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water
wells, oil wells, or natural gas wells, or they can be small enough to be moved
manually by one person. They sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil
and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface
fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling
rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more
permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called
'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore
generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of
the Earth's crust.
Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig
Drilling Rig
The most common drill rigs are of the rotary rig type. Today's rotary drill rig consists
of multiple engines that supply: (1) power, (2) hoisting equipment that raises and
lowers the drill string (drill pipe), and (3) rotating equipment that turns the drill string
and the drill bit. These engines also drive the circulating equipment that pumps
liquids (mud) down the hole to lubricate the drill string and drill bit which are rotating
in the hole. These liquids remove cuttings (loose bits of rock), and controls downhole
pressure to prevent blowouts (unexpected pressure, which overcomes the weight of
the drilling mud and explodes to the surface).
Drilling Rig
While the bit cuts the rock at the bottom of the hole, surface pumps are forcing
drilling fluids down the hole through the inside of the drill pipe and out the bit. This
fluid lubricates and removes cuttings. The fluid (with the cuttings) then flows out the
center of the drill bit and is forced back up the outside of the drill pipe onto the
surface of the ground where it is cleaned of debris and pumped back down the hole.
This is an endless cycle that is maintained as long as the drill bit is turning in the
hole.
In generally, there are four main systems of a rotary drilling process including: Rig
power system, hoisting system, drill string components, and circulating system.
(2)
(3)
Fuel
Type
Density
(lbm/gal)
Heating Value
(Btu/lbm)
diesel
7.2
19,000
gasoline
6.6
20,000
butane
4.7
21,000
methane
---
24,000
Overal efficiency:
Hoisting System
The function of the hoisting system is to get the necessary equipment in and out of
the hole as rapidly as is economically possible. The principal items of equipment that
are used in the hole are drillstring, casing, and miscellaneous instruments such as
logging and hole deviation instruments. The major components of the hoisting
system are:
(1) the derrick,
(2) the block and tackle system,
(3) the drawworks,
(4) miscellaneous hoisting equipment such as hooks, elevators, and weight indicator.
Derrick
The function of the derrick is to provide the vertical height required to raise sections
of pipe from or lower them into the hole. Derricks are rated according to their height
and their ability to withstand compressive and wind loads. The greater the height of
the derrick, the longer the section of pipe that can be handled. The most commonly
used drillpipe is between 27-30 feet. To provide working space below the derrick
floor for pressure control valves called blowout preventer, the derrick usually is
elevated above the ground level by placement on a substructure.
Making a Trip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f3STxhzICQ
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/drilling/trippingout_in.html#
Making a Trip
Tripping In
Tripping Out
Setting Slips
Elevators raised
Making a
mouse hole
connection
Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole
Stabbing
the Pipe
Single
Added.
Ready
to Drill
Tripping Out
Put Kelly in
Rathole
Use
Elevators
for
tripping
Tripping Out
Machenical Advantage
The mechanical advantage M of a block and tackle is defined as the ratio of the
load supported by the traveling block, W, and the load imposed on the
drawworks, Ff.
(4)
Pully
A pulley transfers a force along a rope without changing its magnitude. In Figure a,
there is a force (tension) on the rope that is equal to the weight of the object. This
force or tension is the same all along the rope. For this simple pulley system, the
force is equal to the weight, as shown in the picture. The mechanical advantage of
this system is 1!.
In the Figure b, the pulley is moveable. As the rope is pulled up, it can also move up.
Now the weight is supported by both the rope end attached to the upper bar and the
end held by the person! Each side of the rope is supporting the weight, so each side
carries only half the weight. So the force needed to hold up the pulley in this example
Pully
(6)
In general, the power efficiency can be calculated
(7)
The total derrick load is not distributed equally over all four derrick legs. Since the
drawworks is located on one side of the derrick floor, the tension in the fast line is
distributed over only two of the four legs. Also, the dead line affects only the leg to which
it is attached. If E > 0.5, the load on leg A is greatest of all four legs. Since if any leg
fails, the entire derrick also fails, it is convenient to define a maximum equivalent derrick
load, Fde, which is equal to four times the maximum leg load.
(9)
Drawworks
Drawworks is the key operating component of the hoisting system. On most modern
rotary drilling rigs, the prime movers either operate the hoisting drum within the
drawworks or operate the rotary table through the transmission within the drawworks.
Thus the drawworks is a complicated mechanical system with many functions:
Transmit power from the prime movers to its hoisting drum to lift drill string, casing, or
tubing string, or to pull in excess of these string loads to free stuck pipe.
Provide the braking systems on the hoist drum for lowering drill string, casing string, or
tubing string into the borehole.
Transmit power from the prime movers to the rotary drive sprocket to drive the rotary
table
Transmit power to the catheads for breaking out and making up drill string, casing and
tubing string.
Drawworks
Drawworks
Efficiency Factor, E
The input power to the drawworks is calculated by taking into account the efficiency
of the chain drives and shafts inside the drawworks. The efficiency factor E is given
by the following equation:
Where K is sheave and line efficiency per sheave; K = 0.9615 is in common use.
Example
Example 1.2: A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The drawworks can provide an
input power to the block and tackle system as high as 500 hp. Eight lines are strung
Example
1. The static tension in the fast line when upward motion is impending