Extra Homework #02

Exploration and Colonization

For 28th, January.
1. Copy HANDWRITING in your Geography notebook the WHOLE chapter 2.1
Exploration and Colonization, pages 88-89, of your Geography textbook.
2. Copy HANDWRITING in your Geography notebook with the title Indian
American Cultures, the following tribes:
A) Athabaskan or Athabascan (also Dene, Athapascan, Athapaskan):
Is a name for a large group of indigenous peoples of North America, located in two
main Southern and Northern groups in western North America, and for the family of
languages spoken by these peoples. In terms of territory, only the Algic language
family covers a larger area.
Most Athabaskans prefer to be identified by their specific language and location.
Although the general term Athabascan persists in linguistics and anthropology, in
2012 the annual Athabaskan Languages Conference changed its name to the
Dene Languages Conference.
B) Aleut:
The name "Aleut" comes from the Aleut word allthuh, meaning "community." A
regional self-denomination is Unangaxx, Unangan or Unanga, meaning "original
people." Russian fur traders gave the name Aleut to the Unangan in the mid-18th
century. This term was adopted by other Europeans who learned from the
Russians.
Ivan Veniaminov lived amongst the indigenous people of the Fox Islands in Alaska
from 1824 to 1834, extensively studying the language and the people. He learned
they called themselves Unangan, writing in his journal, "The inhabitants of these
islands, called 'Aleuts' by the Russians and by all the Europeans, called
themselves 'Unangan'". In addition to the "...general appellation, Unangan...",
Veniaminof documented local names for people of various island groups to the east
and west.
The word Unangan (plural Unanga-x) evidently translates to "Seasider."
C) Alutiiq people
The Alutiiq people also called by their ancestral name as well as Pacific Eskimo or
Pacific Yupik, are a southern coastal people of the Native peoples of Alaska. Their
language is called Sugstun, and it is one of Eskimo languages, belonging to the
Yupik branch of these languages.They are not to be confused with the Aleuts, who
live further to the southwest, including along the Aleutian Islands. At present, the
most commonly used title is Alutiiq [sg] Alutiik [dual] Alutiit [pl]. However, these
terms derive from the names ( Aleut) that Russian fur traders and settlers
(in 1784 Awa'uq Massacre) gave to the people from the region. The Sugpiaq term
for Aleut is Alutiiq. All three names (Alutiiq, Aleut, and Sugpiaq) are used now,
according to personal preference