Performance Directions tralian Terms - Grades 1 & 2 tempo aaccelerando adagio al, alta alia marcia altargando allegro allegresto andante candantino ‘cantabile con, col crescendo a capo (D.C.) a capo ai fine dal segno (DS.) decrescendo iminuendo (dirm.) dolce eed cespressivo (espr.) fine forte (f) Jfortissimo (SF) fortepiano (fp) alocoso grazioso at, to, by resume the normal speed gating faster slow tothe, nthe siyle of inthe style of @ march broadening lively, fast slighty slower than allegro alla moderate pace slighty faster or slower than andante vey ina singing style with getting louder from the beginning from the beginning to the end from the sign geting softer getting softer sweety and With expression the ond loud very loud loud, then soft at once ay, merry vary slow, solemn oracotully larghewo largo legato leno maestoso moderato molto rosso, moto piano (P) pianissimo (PP) ia poco presto railentando (rll) ritardand (ritard.) tena (rit) sforzando sforzato (Sf, f=) simile sim.) staccato tempo ropp0 less slow than largo slow and stately smoothly - slow but majestically toss batt moderately much movement stower ot soft very soft a litte very fast geting sioner geting slower hold back (slower at once without forced, accented in the same manner sustained shor, detached the epead of the music held ‘00 muchBA Performance Directions Italian terms - Grade 3 adagieto = rathorsiow (ut faster than adagio) aad libitum (ad tb.) ~ at pleasure (speed and manner of performance ltt the performer agitato = agtatd aia breve = 2minim beats (€, 8) amore = love (amoroso: loving) anima = soul, spit (con anima: with feeling, sptted) animato = animated, tvaty (animando: geting mor voy) ben ~ well brio ~ vigour (con brio: with vigour, ively) comodo = convenint (tempo comodo: ata convenient speed) deciso = with determination delicato = dotcate energico = energate forza = force largamente = broadly leggiero = ight, ceieate ‘marcato (mare.) ~ marked, accented marziale = martial (na itary sys) resto ol esante = heaw prima, primo < fest risoluto = bal, strong ritmico = thythmically rubato, tempo rubato robbed (wih some freedom of time) scherzando, scherzoso ~ playful, joking seconda, secondo second semplice = simple, plain sempre = always stringendo = gating faster subito = suddenly tanto = so much tranqullo = calm, tranaui triste, ritamente —~ sad, sorowful voles = time (prima vota: st tine)String and Brass coves = when on arco + play with the bow Behe g coum tou, Vip bow aa te BS econ) suport haymar tego oo urmcora = pram. thf pod ua enc? aes «lose tps arty org) fa me press / release the right pedal = ara cesra (nd) ~ rohan ‘mano sinistra (ms.) - left hand ' «epondaton read te rts fh ced acy, sarng fom te Bote re) one oe > creme arg mee ens cpaionae when perdedot = ing amy Sg pestle poke cavalo tag preoo posible extnteapeeble = nota ones © tt rsentg cone rina aatetoe protean hh ee ree | wane on Feet 2 oe am iscesso tempo = atthe same speed voce - voiceFrench Terms a to, at non = not animé = animated, ively pew - litle assez + enough, sufficiently plus ~ more avec = with presser =~ hurry cbdez = yield, rolex the speed en pressant - —hurying on douce = sweet ralentir ~~ slow down endehors —- prominent retenu ~ held back et + and en retenant - holding back, siowing a title Uégerement —~ light = without lent + slow = vey mais but = one moins + less + ely modéré —- at a moderate speed = quickay Orchestra Instruments In Grade 4, pupils may be asked about standard orchestral or keyboard instruments ‘This chapter provides @ rough idea of what you should know. Please refer to other books for more information. List of instruments beginning with highest in pitch. STRING (Violin Family) 41. Violin - smallest sting instrument 2.4 Viola 3. * Violoncello (cello) 4. Double Bass (Contra Bass) WOODWIND Ploooio * Flute * Oboe Cor anglais (English horn) 5. * Clarinet (in Bb and A) . * Bassoon BRASS 1. Trumpet 2. Hom 3. Comet 4. Trombone 5. Bass trombone 6. Tuba (instruments marked * are main orchestra instruments) PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS Definite Pitch Indefinite Pitch 1. Glockenspiel (keyboard) 4. * Drums - side (snare), bass 2. Celesta ——(keyboarc) 2. * Tambourine 3. Kettledrum (Timpani) 3. Triangle 4. Xylophone 4. Castanets 5, Dulctone 5. * Cymbals 8. Tubular bells 8. Gong 7. Marimba gong COMBINATION OF INSTRUMENTS / VOICES 1. Piano Dust piano, violin piano, cello Plano Trio ~ plano, voln, ‘ello Piano Quartet piano, violin, viola, ‘cello Piano Quintet - plano, 2 violins, 1 viola, ‘cello 2. Vocal Quartet - soprano, alfo, tenor, bass (S.A.T.B.) Vocal Quintet - 2 sopranos, contralto, tener, bass 3, String Trio = 1 violin, 1 viola, 1 ‘colo. String Quartet - 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 ‘cello String Quintet - 2 violins, 2 viola, 1 ‘callo 2 violins, 1 viola, 2 ‘callo 2violins, 1 viola, 1 ‘cello, t double bass 4, Clarinet Quintet - clarinet, string quarteta GROUP OF INSTRUMENTS BEGINNING WITH HIGHEST IN PITCH : STRING \« Violin 6 NT rt TUNED Smallest sting instrument | | 2 ty ager | | 3 Sth ower than votn | | é | 1 ¢) 3 | | | le | & | | | [Ropes oo] $ NT B a | | L “Te sing ey cna ho kgestnaber of ayers an arches Suing Inaruments can play 2 3 "4 nes simutaraocsi it Trerepatg turer ir 7 Noseanspasing insurer: GROUP OF INSTRUMENTS BEGINNING WITH H Ct CL 91: B= esto ues bass et but sometimes te B,= beer ent H : WOODWIND | Piecaie | ath higher tran nate | t 1 | + rte | NT | Modem futes are mac of metal Oinary flutes are nan-ansposing ins | * ob08 NT | sounds the ofthe orchestra | Cor Anglais | (English Hore) | | + Bassoon Lowest member of WW family In constant use Double Beseo0n ‘Saxophone 2 Ronde = sou T | Aliso belong to Brass Group Consists of 8 instuments |GROUP OF INSTRUMENTS BEGINNING WITH HIGHEST IN PITCH : BRASS ed Pod 3 Valves (Mutes) | Several keys Dees — === | ace | = Horn | 3 Valves (Mates) | Hom in F ay Full orchestra - 4 horns: Faale | | | Lol | [2 a [em |} [sven | gonanee a oe | | _ | [Ese on ee Teortobasinabave| sa | Togo wes mont note he | ; Somers lowers | B Soecree |