500

400

u = 395
MPa

300
200

f = 0.366
f = 266.8
100
MPa
fracture
0
0.00000 0.08000 0.16000 0.24000 0.32000 0.40000

AISI 1020 HR Steel

400.0

o = 264
MPa

300.0

f(x)
= 201170.787063021x

1; 267.6

200.0
AISI 1020 HR Steel
100.0 0.00

0.0
0.00000

0.00300
p

2; 0.0

0.00600
e

0.00900
0.01200

900

AISI 1020 HR Steel

fractur
e

600

300

enginering
true
corrected
true

vs.

fractur
e

0
0.00000 0.20000 0.40000 0.60000 0.80000 1.00000 1.20000

1000.0
raw values
corrected
f(x)
Pow er
(corrected)

= 625.6650949825 x^0.1954615205

AISI 1020 HR Steel

100.0
0.00100

0.01000

0.10000

1.00000

10.00000

54615205

(a) Test Data

(b) Calculated Values

Force

Engr. Strain

Diam.

P, kN

d, mm

, MPa

9.11
----------------8.89
--8.26
--7.62
6.99
6.35
5.72
5.28

0
102.3
204.7
293.5
272.9
264.0
268.9
267.6
264.0
318.6
372.0
394.4
395.0
384.2
360.4
327.5
290.0
266.8

0
0
6.67
0.00050
13.34
0.00102
19.13
0.00146
17.79
0.00230
17.21
0.00310
17.53
0.00500
17.44
0.00700
17.21
0.01000
20.77
0.0490
24.25
0.1250
25.71
0.2180
25.75
0.2340
25.04
0.3060
23.49
0.3300
21.35
0.3480
18.90
0.3600
17.39
0.3660
(Final point is fracture)

Engr. Stress True Strain

0
0.00050
0.00102
0.00146
0.00230
0.00310
0.00500
0.00698
0.00995
0.0478
0.1178
0.1972
0.2103
0.3572
0.5298
0.7218
0.9308
1.0909

Raw True
Stress

Corrected
True Stress

~
, MPa

~
B , MPa

0
102.3
204.7
293.5
272.9
264.0
268.9
269.4
266.7
334.3
418.5
480.4
487.5
549.1
612.1
674.2
735.5
794.2

0
102.3
204.7
293.5
272.9
264.0
268.9
269.4
266.7
334.3
418.5
465.3
469.8
505.0
540.9
576.2
611.5
649.1

True Plastic
Strain

~
p
0
0
0
0
0
0.00179
0.00366
0.00564
0.00862
0.0462
0.1157
0.1949
0.2079
0.3547
0.5271
0.7190
0.9278
1.0877

EXAMPLES 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3

Strain gage length, mm =
Final length, mm =
% elongation =

50.8
70.9
39.6

Tension Test, AISI 1020 HR steel

25.4
38.6
52.0

Original Diameter, mm =
Final Diameter, mm =
% RA =

Force

Engr Strain

Diam

Engr
Stress

True Strain

Raw True
Stress

P, kN

d, mm

, MPa

~
, MPa

0
0.00050
0.00102
0.00146
0.00230
0.00310
0.00500
0.00698
0.00995
0.04784
0.11778
0.19721
0.21026
0.35719
0.52978
0.72184
0.93081
1.09089

0
102.3
204.7
293.5
272.9
264.0
268.9
269.4
266.7
334.3
418.5
480.4
487.5
549.1
612.1
674.2
735.5
794.2

0
6.67
13.34
19.13
17.79
17.21
17.53
17.44
17.21
20.77
24.25
25.71
25.75
25.04
23.49
21.35
18.90
17.39

0.00000
9.11
0
0.00050
102.3
0.00102
204.7
0.00146
293.5
0.00230
272.9
0.00310
264.0
0.00500
268.9
0.00700
267.6
0.01000
264.0
0.04900
8.89
318.6
0.12500
372.0
0.21800
8.26
394.4
0.23400
395.0
0.30600
7.62
384.2
0.33000
6.99
360.4
0.34800
6.35
327.5
0.36000
5.72
290.0
0.36600
5.28
266.8
Plastic strain offset for yield strength
0.00200
0
0.00364
330.0
Unloading question
0.007000
267.6
0.005670
0
0.001330

total
plastic
elastic

(Final point is fracture)

9.11
5.28
66.4

log { ~
---3.301
-2.991
-2.836
-2.638
-2.509
-2.301
-2.156
-2.002
-1.320
-0.929
-0.705
-0.677
-0.447
-0.276
-0.142
-0.031
0.038

E, MPa =

Bridgman
Correction

H, MPa =
n=
Data
Corrected
True Stress

~
B , MPa

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.968
0.964
0.920
0.884
0.855
0.831
0.817

0
102.3
204.7
293.5
272.9
264.0
268.9
269.4
266.7
334.3
418.5
465.3
469.8
505.0
540.9
576.2
611.5
649.1

Points on fit
185.7
716.5

point is fracture)
201,200
625.7
0.1955
Calculated from fit
True Plastic
Strain

~
p
0
0
0.00000
0.00000
0.00094
0.00179
0.00366
0.00564
0.00862
0.04618
0.1157
0.1949
0.2079
0.3547
0.5271
0.7190
0.9278
1.0877

0.002
2.000

True Strain

0.04214
0.12995
0.22207
0.23325
0.33670
0.47741
0.65909
0.89232
1.09026

~
, MPa

334
419
465
470
505
541
576
612
636