vlh tF

j
ulh gUt

a xW

br

ntfjhk

njEf tL kJjid cL

jhmij r f vW

kyfu Fbk(W) m

nghdJ tnlh gwjnjh gHjh

jlif vLJK ghjh

thcW ka tbj(W) v

ana ljij fL

Jiknah Jvd fwh. *

bghU : nj cQ tL kynjid cL ka ljJ. mfUw

toid ehtgHbkd fU kif xU, j if vLJ ghjh.
mj tlhdJ, mt Kfij thy vd idjJ. mt ifia
jhkiubad fU, y tJlh kyFJ jid _oL vd
maJ. mjdh, mtL mt ifia L gwjJ. mkif, gwjJ
tlh, gHkh? ~J vd ijahf Uwnj! vd ka Tdh.
brhbghU : kJ - nj; a - ka; r - eht; ka - y.
F : ntfjhk vD , yt gyuh awgl ghf bjhF.
iy bjhFjt ahbud bjaiy.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

1. a

3. r

2. ka

4. fwh

2. J vGJf.

2. FbkW

1. kyfu

3. nrJ vGJf.

1. th + cW

2. gH + jh

4. nfhol lfis uf.

1. r f vd FfgLtJ

2. bg KfF

.
xikahf fhlgLsJ.

5. bghUJf.

1. tL

- jhkiu

- ehtgH

2. kif Kf

3. kyfu

- thy

M)FWdhf

1. ntfjhk - F vGJf.

2. njidl tL vthW njhwkjJ?

)Wdh

ntfjhk ghl mikJs fgid eaij sFf.

ghujjh

tik ahfK iz

ik xG f tsJ

Jyl ik JaU

nrik wfy njha fUiz

brf utbdd jifa

jhika wid pwgh ujjh

jhky gtnj jtkh.

- mryhif mikah

bghU : cik, mw, w Jg F w, ahf, izaw xGf

Matiw ffhy tsJ sf brgt; ik, Jg tiw
mfnwhl br fUiz fut nghwt; jhiks bfhlt;
jifa jikf bfhl kfhkh fhia <bwLj ghujjh
kyuofis ngh tzFtnj bgUngwhF.
3

thik mwK wJa fis

brhbghU : thik - cik; fis - F; tik - ts jik; JyFj sFj; nrik - bjhiy; jt - bgUngW.
jj : jhika wid = jhik + m + jid.
Ma F
mryhif mikah
bga :
wj C

otdF mU cs uliz.

aa f

MNo btgh, yf uhz, FHij Rthf gf.

w
: mryhif mikah wj ngrhs. tiu fhy xsitah vW

U..f. ghuhLth.
t gyfhy Ugh (fl)
thjh. Wfhy
y ML tl thjh. mnghJ,
eh}W xgJ ghlfisbfhl uhkfRthf rj vD
br iy adh.
F : fhuhz, <uhuJ KgJ ehF ghlfis bfhlJ.
fhaofis ghLil jiytuhfbfhL ghlbgwJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

1. thik

2. JyFj

4. nrik

6. jt

1. brfut

2. jhika =

3. nrJ vGJf.

5. tik

2. J vGJf.

3. fis

1. ghuj + jh =

2. nrik + cw =

4. nfhol lfis uf.

1. fhuhz aat

2. fhuhz ghLiljiyt

.
.

M) FWdhf

1. fhuhz - F vGJf.

2. mryhif mikah - F vGJf.

) Wdh

fhaof geyfis ghujjh ghlt FLf.

ciueil

a Ljiy ngh
jHfbgf gF
( njhF foj )
27, jhk ,
kJiu- 2.
05.07.2014
ms fhk,
ey. c eyij c bgnwh eyij ma Mtyhf cns.
flj MLtiu eh UtU xnu g gonjh. nwh brid;
eh kJiu. MD, cDl eh gw fhy bgw kahd
ff vW v idit L mfyh.

eh Kjyhtjhf FL jHfbg ntY ehah. ntY ehah,

uK Ez xUnf mikabgwt. mtnu Mnyaiu vJ
Mj V nghuhoa Kj bgk.
uhkehjuij Ml kd bryKJ
nrJg - rf Kjhjh izaUF
..1730M ML xnu bg kfthf njhat
ntY ehah. t, bgnwhuh M thirnghnw
tsfgL, MjgKj midij fW
njjh. tfif kd KJtLfehj ntY
ehahiu kzJbfhlh.
Mnya
1772M
ML
tfif
ikJ
gilbaLjd.
MnyaUF
KJtLfehjUF ilna ngh eilbgwJ.
mngh, kd KJtLfehj ukuzkiljh. ntY ehah, ikN
kd Ij mia rJ, Mnyaiu vgJ FJ fyJ ngdh.
mtUF cjt Ua Ijm Iahu gilufis mtUl mDdh.
kUJ rnfhjufSl ugilF jiyiknaW brw ntY ehah
Mnyaiu vJ nghlh. mngh, fztiu bfhwtfis
btW 1780M Mo tfifia lh.
5

cDila foj a Ljiy nghuhl fyJbfhl

jHf bgfisg nfoUjh. mtfS _tiug F vGj
iHnw.

mLJ, eh FL bgUikFat
fl mriyakh Mth.
t 1890M
ML fl cs KJef vikahd
FLg wJ tsjh. 1921M ML
fhaof xJiHahik afij bjhla
nghnj, mriyakhS jkJ bghJthifia
bjhldh.

mriyakh, y iyia mfW

nghuhl,
c fhR nghuhl, ka
nghuhl, jah mwnghuhl, btisand
btnaW af Ma midJ nghuhl
fY fyJbfhL gy ML iw thodh.
mriyakh
nkY mt fl, U, nt, bgyh Ma
iwf UJsh. nt iw UjnghJ, fUwiy Uj
mtiu Mnya muR bt mDL, kfngF L
iw miljJ.
mriyakh fwj ngrhsuhf sdh. tuJ ngir
nfgjfhfnt gy uL tjd. ehblF btisand btnaW
af eilbgwbghGJ, brid cgl gy efufSF brW,
jdJ md gwF ngrh af tsF cjdh. FLg
brhJfis, FoUj il W, Ljiy nghuhlfhf
bry brjh.
y iyia mfW nghuhl jKila xgJ taJ kfis
<LgLdh. tUl t kfS iwjlid bgwh. fhaof
iw Ugtfis ghf tjnghJ, xgJ tanjahd mkhfQ,
mriyakh kf vgjid mJ, f kW, mWia
jDl thjh cs MukJF miHJbrW yht vd
bgaL gof itjh.
fhaof
flUF
tjnghJ,
mtiu
rgjF
mriyakhSF My muR jil jJ. Mdh, mriyakh
gjh ntlkJ, Fiuto fhaofis Vbrwh. mjdh,
fhaof mriyakhis bjdho #huh vwiHjh.
_whtjhf eh Fl Ugt, m#jkh. trahd FLg
1899M ML rdt f vlh eh wjh. onyna
j,
My, , rkUj vd gybkhfis wgl gwh. mid
fgh vikahd njhwdh <fgL, vikahf thjh.
gL, gfL, Mynkhf midij Jwjh. gntW fLghLf

Fj FLgUJ jik LJbfhL

ehL Ljiyfhf ghLglh .
it.K.nfhijeha
mkh,
UFk
yRg
KjatfnshL
ebfhL
bgzoikF vuhf Fu bfhLjh. kfhf
ghuah ghlfis gho Ljiyzit
Codh. Mnya muRF vuhf braglh.
ma Jf F filF Kghf ka
nghuhl
fajdh
ntiw
milfglh.
iw UjnghJ,
kd
jsuhJ jh fWbfhl bkhfis wUF
fWbfhLjh.
m#jkh
m#jkh
j vGgjhL
eh fl ghuj vD
ma iy
vGsh.
1964M ML
jhkiuU (gk$)
UJ bgWsh.

fhk, ehL Ljiyfhf ghLgl jHf

bgkf tuyhiw bjJbfhlhah?
jeho kLk, btehLf UJTl
a LjiyF ghLgl
bgkfS
csd.
mtfisg
mLj
foj
bjnw. foj fL kth vd
enw. cl, c kWkliy MtYl
vghnw.

ml,
kbkh

ciwnk Kft :

j. fhk,
54, fz ,
kyh, brid - 600 004.
bgw jh wj bghdhL
ewt thD ew jdnt.
- ghuah

idthf,

fhaofsh jbjLfgl kf vW
brykhf m#jkh miHfglh.
j
brthifnah
jij
brthifnah
gagLj Ughk neikahd bgkahf
thJfhodh. jij bganuhL, fhaof
bgaiu izJ thr fh iya vD
bjhL Wtdij mikjh.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

=
1. Iahu
2. ntlkJ

3. iwyilj

4. bjdhL

2. nrJ vGJf.

=

1. Ljiy + cz

2. mw

+ nghuhl

3. bjh + g

3. nfhol lij uf.

=
=

1. Mnyaiu vJ Mj V nghuhoa Kj bgk

2. ntY ehah wj ML

3. tfifia Ml kd

4. mriyakh kfSF fhaof l bga

5. thr fh iya mikjt

.
.
.
.

M) FWdhf

1. ntY ehah - F vGJf.

2. bjdho #huh vd miHfgLgt ah? V?

) Wdhf

1. mriyakh ela nghuhlf ahit?

2. m#jkh Fzeyfis tf.

<) beLdh

ntY ehah tfif ikia blLj fid bjhFJ vGJf.

c) bral
a Ljiynghuhl <Lgl jHf bgfS it.K. nfhijeha

mkhis ga brfis uLf.

Jizghl

ku ntLnfh
fzDF idFnghnj f kahf UjJ. cwf
tuhk bkij uL bfhoUjh. mU gLUj mtDila
jij, fzh, D fiyah? J neukhtJ dhjhnd
oafhiy vGJ wgl Ko. vwh.
rgh, fnw, fhiyy vid ukh vGfgh vW
fz TdhY, mt kd KGtJ gRWyh brtjid vna
UjJ.

Obud, vid ahuhtJ fhghWfns; vdh _Rl Koa

iyna, ahUnk F iyah vD mGFu nfL LL vGj
fz, Fu tj iria neh Xodh.

mt w l fQbfoa bjhiytiu ahiu ghf

ayiy. Fu bfhLjJ ah? nf ahuhtJ Ufsh? cfSF
cjt tUnw vwh, fz.
j, Fu bfhLjJ ntW ahUiy; c Kdh w
ehndjh vwJ thonghd ku.
aghf Uwnj! ku ngRkh?
F Vnjh Jg Ugjhf Tdhna, vd Jg? ahuh
Jg? sfkhfjh Tnw vwh .

j, vid ewhf cW gh. v ntjid cdF vwJ ku.

fz kuij VL ghjh. iyfbsyh cJ isfbsyh
btlgL thonghUjJ. cid ghjh tUjkhf UwJ, V
go Uwh? cid j iyikF Mshat ah? vwh.
j, W bfhoUwhna, j l y MLF Kdh
J FYF nrhiyahf UjJ vwh ethah! vF gRik iwj
ku bro bfhof; `, vd x vG gwitf; kuf H
XbtLF fheilf; isf Crfo ML Wt Wa;
vts ikahf UjJ bjkh? Mdh, nwh mit Uj lnk
bjahk mJld. eh kLjh F jJ nw vwJ
ku.
brhtJ cikah? vdh egnt Koaiy; jF ah
fhuz? vwh, fz. j, kjfsha fjh fhuz
vwJ ku. vd brhwh? ehfjh fhuzkh? J sfkhf
TW vwh, fz. M. j, aif rkiy vgjid f kwJ
lj isjh J. kfbjhif bgUfij fLgLj Koahk,
isyfis vyh Lfshbfhs KgOf. J nghjhJ
vW nghJ fhLfis mf bjhlOf, ehf vgojh
thnth, na brh vwJ ku. cdh _Rl KoahjjF fhuz
vd? mjid T L vwh, fz.
kQF ijUF vDila ntf vyh cDila
ffSF bjah. mit CLU bry KoahjthW f gagL
vj bef vyh vf ghijia milJsd. mit
knzhL kzhf knghtjF beLfhy MF. jdh,
vfSF ilf ntoa fhW, U nghJkhdjhf iy.
10

mjdhjh, eh _R lKoahk zWnw vwJ, ku.

brhtJ nghJ wJ. vjj eh cdF cjtKo,
mjid na brhL vwh, fz.
j, vid nk fhghw KoahJ; W vdF _RKLwJ,
ehis cfSF nj iyjh. vf m cf ngu. vdnt,
aifia nghWf; kfbjhifia fLgLJf; fhLts
bgUFf;
RWw
khrilahk
ghJbfhSf;
vf
tnjhwfisahtJ thH t brf; Jnt f vfSF
br kfjhd cjahF vW f kf TaJ, ku.

kDUbfyh tu kujh
vgjid kj kwjh
kh dh
fLiudh

ku, fzl Lj ntLnfhis fLiuahf tf.

11

fzh! vGU, to tJL. vW fzid mt mkh

vGbfhoUjh. fj fz, jh
o Ugjid czjh. mkh, ku.......
cfSF
ku....... vDl ngbfhoUj ku vnfkh?
bjkh?
vl ntLnfhTl Ljnj! ku
X Vf gugs
vfhtJ ngRkh? Vnjh fd foUwh. r
tsJs kuf, r, wgL. vwh, mkh.
gbdL
ku
vDl ngaitbayh fdth?
ngfSF
UD mUikahd xU bria myth
X MoF
TL brwJ. LKiw KoJ gF
njitahd
brYnghJ, jidg Mal TWj
cfhiw
ntL. kuLj ntLnfhis iwntw
ilf
ntL vW KobtLj fz g
brwd.
RWyhF wgl Majkhdh.

yfz

bjhifiy bjhlf

khzt

: tzf, mkh.

:
tzf, FHijfns!
Ma
gofsh?

neiwa

ghlfisbayh

khzt : goUnwh, mkh.

Ma : k. f W bjhifiy bjhlf FJ
fWbfhs nghf. fa! bjhl vwh
vdbtW brh.

fa
: brhf uLKjyhf bjhlJ tJ bghU jUtJ bjhl vdgL, mkh.
Ma
: bjthf brhdh! faia eh midtU ifjo
ghuhLnth. brFLth! vLJfhL xW brh.
brFLt : fhFH ghl gojh.
Ma : eW eW. fhFH ghl gojh. bjhl cs
_W brhfS bjhlJ tJ bghUis jUwd.
brhf bjhluhFnghJ U brhfSilna ntWik,
id, ctik KjatW VnjD xW kiwJ tU.
d cUf kiwJ tU bjhlfis bjhifiy
bjhlf vg.
br : mkh, D sfkhf brhYf.
Ma : fa. brh fa, vd uL brhf
csd. U brhfSF ilna nghw vD

ctk cU kiwJ tJsJ. jid ctikbjhif
vdTWt. bjhif iybjhl mWtifgL.
br : mit vbddbtW TWf, mkh.
Ma
:
mit:
1.
ntWikbjhif,
2.
idbjhif,
3. gbjhif, 4. ctikbjhif, 5. cikbjhif,
6. mbkhbjhif vgd.

12

ghu : mkh, ntWik vwh vd?

Ma
: fz uhk ghjh.
ghjh?

bjhl

ah

ahiu

ghu : ghjJ ah vW aiy, mkh.

Ma : fzid uhk ghjh. nghJ wjh?
ghu : ewhf wJ, mkh .

1. gh gUdh - ulh ntWikbjhif

Ma
: fzid uhk ghjh - vD bjhl I
vD cU ah, ahiu ghjh vd bgaiu ntWgL
fhLtjdh, ntWik vnwh. bga bghUis
ntWgL fhL cUF ntWik cU vgJ
bga. ntWikf vtifgL. tW Kj
ntWikF vlh ntWikF cU iy. kw
ntWikfSF cUf cL. mit I, M, F, ,
mJ, f vgd. ulh ntWik cUKj
VHh ntWik cUtiu csdtW VnjD xW
ntWik cUgh tU. UbrhfSilna ntWik
cU kiwJ tUtjid ntWikbjhif vnwh.
(gh + I + gUdh- F I vD cU kiwJsJ.)

2. jiy tzdh - _wh ntWikbjhif

(jiy + M + tzdh)
3. nty kf - ehfh ntWikbjhif
(nty+ F + kf)
4. C dh - Ijh ntWikbjhif
(C + + dh)
5. brFLt ril - Mwh ntWikbjhif
(brFLt + mJ + ril)
6. Fif - VHh ntWikbjhif
(Fif + f + )
kybfho

: mkh, idbjhif vwh vd?

Ma
: cfy bjhliu goJ ghUf. jid clfy,
cw fy, cQ fy vd KfhyF Vg
bghU bfhsyh. MLbfho, gh, miyfl Ma
bjhlf idbjhif gW tj bjhlf. thW

13


fhyfhL iliy bgabur F kiwJ tU
bgabur, idbjhif vdgL.
fhyfuj bgabur idbjhif - e}, 364
KJ

: mkh, gbjhif g TWf.

Ma

:
bty, rJuf, Rit brhbwhlfis
goJ ghUf. btik, rJu, ik Ma g
bgaf y, f, Rit Ma bgabrhfnshL
nrJ tUnghJ uoF il Ma,
Md
vD g cUfS ik F bjh (kiwJ)
tJsd. vdnt, it gbjhif
gW tj
bjhlf. (v.fh) btik + y = bty.

UbgabuhL gbjhifg fhngh. vLJ

fhlhf,
kif
vD
brhiy
ghngh.

kif vgJ wbga.
vgJ bghJbga.
uLF il Ma vD g cU kiwJ
tJsJ. vdnt, ~J UbgabuhL gbjhif
vdgL.
nkfiy

: cikbjhif FJ TWf, mkh.

Ma

: TWnw.
fyguz, cwh cwd. bjhlf
fyU guzU, cwhU cwdU vd J bghUis

czJwd. ilY WY c vD
ilbrh kiwJ tJ bghUjUtjdh, cik
bjhif vdglJ.

etk

: mkh, mbkhbjhif g TWf.

Ma

: TWnw. fa tjh. bjhl Kj cs

fa vgJ, fa nghw vD bghUis
jU ctikbjhif MF. jid Kdnu fnwh.
tjh
vD idbrhiy jG wjdh,
fanghw ia cila bg tjh vd bghU
jUwJ.

cila, bg vD brhf bjhl

yhjit.
thW
ctikbjhifia
mLJ
myhjbkh bjh tUtjdh bjhliu ctik

bjhif wJ wj mbkhbjhif vnwh.
jidnghW ntWik, id, g, cik Ma
bjhifiy bjhlfSF wnj myhj y bkhf
bjh W bghU jUtJ mbkhbjhif MF.
14

g
ky, jnjh btkia fhz brwh. mF njh mgh btLf
fhziybad njo bfhoUjh. nkh FoJ bfhoUj gh l til
rhl jahuhdh.
1. gYs bjhifiy bjhlfis tlLf.
2. tll bjhifiy bjhlfis tifgL vGJf.

kh dh
m) wtadhf
1. ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. tsiw vgJ
m) gbjhif

M) idbjhif

) ntWikbjhif

2. brbkh vgJ
m) gbjhif

M) ntWikbjhif ) idbjhif

3. fa vgJ
m) ntWikbjhif

) gbjhif

M) cikbjhif

) ctikbjhif

4. kh gyh thiH vgJ

m) idbjhif
2. bghUJf.
1. idbjhif

- ehuL

2. ctikbjhif

brbjh

3. cikbjhif

gtsth ngdh

4. mbkhbjhif - kKf
3. tU brhf vtif bjhifiybjhlf?
1. fUf

3. jf gojh

5. Kfky

2. btiy ghF

4. tsf

6. bghbwho tjh

M) FWdhf
1. bjhifiybjhl vjid tifgL? mit ahit?
2. idbjhifia rhWl sFf.
3. gbjhifia rhWl sFf.
4. cikbjhifia rhWl sFf.
5. ctikbjhifia rhWl sFf.
6. mbkhbjhifia rhWl sFf.

15

M) ctikbjhif

bjhfhiy bjhlf
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma

:
tzf. cfhUf.
neiwa ghlgFfis
gofsh? mtW VnjD Ia clh?

Xah

: gonjh Iah. IankJ iy.

Ma

: k. bjhifiy bjhlfis bjthf fW

Uf vgJ cf ngUJ bjwJ. W
bjhfhiy bjhlf FJ ghngh.

faur

: bjhfhiybjhl vwh vd? Iah.

Ma

: sKUf gowh - bjhliu goJ ghUf.

sKUf vD vGth, gowh vD
gaiy bjhlJ W
bghUis jUwd.
thW xU bjhl Ubrhf mikJ, uoF
il brhnyh cUngh kiwahJ bghUis czJtJ

bjhfhiy bjhl vdgL.

fhah

: vitbait vyh bjhfhiy bjhlf? Iah.

Ma

: 1. fy tjh - brhbwhl fyvD

vGthia
bjhlJ tjh vD gaiy
tJsjdh, ~J vGthbjhl.
2. futh th! - J bjhl.
3. fnl ijia - idKW KjtJ bgaiu
bjhlwJ. mjdh, J idKWbjhl.
4. Gj ku - Gj vD vrid ku vD
bgabrhnyhL Kotjdh, J bgaburbjhl.
5. tJnghdh - tJ vD vrid nghdh
vD idKiwbfhL KoJsjdh, J
idbarbjhl.
6. il fodh - bjhl I vD ntWik
cU btgilahf tJsjdh, J ntWik
bjhfhiy bjhl.
7. kbwhW - kW + xW. kW vD ilbrhiy

16

mLJ xW vD brh bjhlJ tjjdh ~J

ilbrhbwhl.
8. khKt - bjhl kh vgJ cbrh. jid
bjhlJ, Kt vD brh tJsjdh, ~J
cbrhbwhl.
9. thf thf thf - xnu brh F gyKiw mL
tJsjdh, ~J mLFbjhl.
itbayh bjhfhiy bjhlf, wjh?
bjhfhiybjhlfis goaLf.
mUKUf : 1. vGthbjhl

6. ntWik bjhfhiybjhl

2. bjhl

7. ilbrhbwhl

3. idKWbjhl 8. cbrhbwhl
4. bgaburbjhl

9. mLFbjhl

5. idbarbjhl
: mUik mUik.
KW <bur vGth bghU
MWU il mLit bjhfhiy

Ma

- e}, 374

uils, mLFbjhl
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma

: tzf. MlhS kif ghij elJ brwhf;

Obud ghig ghJLwhf. mtf vthW
myWthf?

tsduR

: Inah. gh gh vd myWthf.

Ma

: mnf brW ghwhf.

mnf UjJ gh
iy; btWfWjh. mnf kiwUj kw khzf

fyfy btd whf.

nru

:
MlhS
kif
fiw
vfSF ig tutiHjJ.

Ma

: r r. MlhS kif vthW mydhf; njhf

vthW jhf?
17

ghJ

gajJ

enrhid

: gh gh vd myd. fyfy btd jd.

Ma

: Kj bjhl gh gh vgJ mLFbjhl. ulh

bjhl fyfy vgJ uils.

bra

: uL UKiwjhnd tUwd,
ntWghL vd?

Ma

: ewhf nflh. gh gh vgJ mLFbjhl. jid

jh bghUjU. ~J uL, _W, ehF
KiwTl mLtU. fyfy vgJ uils.
~J uilbrhyhfnt tU; jh bghU juhJ.

mLFbjhl iu, btF, ctif, mr, mty Ma
bghU fhuzkhf tU. uils milbkhah
FbghU tU.

khzt

: e, Iah.

Iah.

uLF

g :
fz tjh vgJ vGth bjhl.

Jnghy w bjhfhiy bjhlf tUgo nfhol lfis uf.

1.

bjhl

th.

2.

bgaburbjhl

fz.

3.

idKWbjhl

tjh.

4.

idbarbjhl

fz

tjh.

5.

ntWikbjhl

fz

fodh.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. bghUJf.
1. idKWbjhl

2.
bjhl

- cilj ehfh
-
tJ wh.

3. bgaburbjhl

- fzh th!

4. idbarbjhl

- tjh uhk.

2. nfhol lfis uf.

1. kuis
2. jf
3. th th th vgJ

vd KjJ.
vd DwJ.
MF.

18

3. ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. kWw vD bjhl kW vgJ
m) cbrh

M) ilbrh

2. rhy gjJ vgJ

m) ilbrh

bjhl.
M) cbrh

3. To ngd vD bjhl
m) idKWbjhl

) bgabrh

) idbrh
MF.

M) bgaburbjhl ) idbarbjhl

M) FWdhf
1. bjhfhiy bjhl vwh vd?
2. mLFbjhl vwh vd? rhW jUf.
3. mLFbjhl, uils uoFKs ntWghLfis vGJf.

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w : cfSF bjkh?

(v.fh.)
FG -1

FG-2

1.
snfhtof

-
ygfhu

2.
Ujfnjt

-
tfjhk

3.
fg
4.
UtSt

-
fguhkhaz
-
UFw

M) goj w
Gs gFia goJ ea czf.
jHP xUt cz cz tjh. mtUila kid, thiHiyL ggy
czbghUfis itjh. xbthU bghUS Ritfjhf UjJ.
vjid
cgJ? vjid LtJ? vyhtiw vLJ cgjF gyif iyna! vwh
mt. cfhUtjF gyif iybaW TWwh vW va mt clnd,
xU gyifia bfhLtJ cfhJ cQf vwh. eh cfhJ
czth
gyif iybanw; ts Rits gtif bghUfis
vLJz
Uiffjhnk csd. gy - if iyna vwyth brhnd
vwh. eUoa eif, j fzt brhU brhnghdh.
) vGJj w
bjhla Wfijia Kof brj.
g : Wfijiaga Ffnsh Wfij bjhlfnkh bfhLJ Wfijia
KGikahf vG Koj. mjid tFgiw goJfhl.

19

FGfshf J xUFG, yha bgaiu TWf; kbwhU FG, myha

bgaiu TWf.

fz vlh tF gowh. fhiy IJ knf vGJLth.

mtDila mkhF jdh aw cjfis brth. d, vL kas
oUJ elnj gF brth.
xUeh, mt gF bry neukhlJ, mjdh XlK, eilkh gF
iuJ brWbfhoUjh. mnghJ rhiy ObuW... ... ...
(khztfns fij bjhlfij gofsh? nghJ fijia fns iw
brf; Ko vgo ntLkhdhY Ufyh. cf fgid Fiuia
joLf. fijF bghUjkhd jiy xW bfhLf; FGnyh tFgiwnyh
goJ fhLf.)

bkhw g

1. ca vGJtHFbrhfis mnth.

ngRtHF

vGJ tHF

1. nfhJ

nfhJ

2. Rt

Rt

3.

ehf

ehf

4.

kd

kd

5.

gjl

gjw

6. y

bry

7. mUfhik -

mU

2. iH vGJ w

Gs gFia goJ iHfis goaLf.

(v.fh.) X khtl xU mikr mtuJ kfndhL RWyh nkbfhlh. mj

RWyh mt jh flij Twnt, xU Tlij Todh.

nkny cs gia gofsh?

mtW vjid iHf csdbtd goaLnthkh?

iH r

iH r

X khtl

xU khtl

mj RWyh

mjRWyh

xU mikr

X mikr

flij Twnt

fljid Twnt

mtuJ kfndhL

mtUila kfndhL

mtjh mtjh

nkbfhlh nkbfhlh
g
iwa d jHik, fz neW vl th brw IW %ghia U
jUtjhf brhdh. Mdh, ehf fljJ. mt tuiy. eh VkhJ nghnd.

20

3.

4.

mu vfSF Vw jbHfis vGJf.

1. 10 -

3. 19 -

2. 20 -

4. 15 -

fLiug : fhj jtuyhW TWj.

g
FH vyhlK mghf gHFth. mt oF ah tjhY mtfl
jikahf ngRth. mjdh, mtis vyhUF oF. mt vnghJ KWtnyhL
tisa tUth. oF tUgtfis, thf thf, cfhUf; mkh tLthf
vW tuntgh. mtis dif FH vWjh vyhU miHghf. mtf
miHgJ rjhnd, fns brhYf.

TongRnth
1. FH gig VW bfhwhah?
2. cf oF ahuhtJ tjh vthW tuntgh?
3. FHianghy ahiuahtJ ghjJlh?
4. FHianghy vyhlK gHFwhah?

kdmGjij vbfhS w
eg y rhiy elJbfhL Uwd.
mtfS xUt ObuW
fh l gs Gwh. kwtf mtiu ghJ wd. nH Gj
mt mogljdh Vgl tial, egf VsdF Mgljid vna
kd behjh. egf bra rahdjh? ahnuD jLGjh mtfSF
vthW cjth?

kf
ciH nkik
mbkfh bgUgzfhu Kat xUt, mYtyfg fhuzkhf
th} gaz nkbfhlh. mt mU, isP xUtU gaz brjh.
misP Katiu eF mth.
vdnt, mtiu neh, Iah, cfSnfh
tajhlnj. D V fodkhf ciHJbfhoUf, X vLJ
bfhsyhnk vW nflh. mjid nfl mKat, difjthnw Tdh. j,
th cnf eh tJnlhnk, af ntLkh vW, j khd idjh
vd MF? vW Tw, mj isP jid v btfglh.
ciHF taJ xU jil iy. ciHfhk, wl ifna gJ kj
jikF GF. thtJ xUKiwjh, mjid jkhdnjhL thtnj wjJ.
CiH cgf fhg ciy
jhHh(J) cPW gt.
Fw, 620

21

thifw

tsu braghLf
ngRj
braghL : 1

gnfW eoj

Ljiy nghuhl uuhf idJbfhL eoJfhLf.

fhaof

njt

iyaho taik

braghL : 2

ghuah

ntY ehah

J ilaj

sguf/mfis JbfhL ilaf.

brid rnthja rf fh uhnkhah gt

33, mufehj bjU, . ef,
brid-600 017. bjhiyng : 2434 7426

etuhbfhY
bghik gid
ffh
gokw muf mik
bfhfjh bghikf
nfhyh bghikf
bfhY gof gid
fhiy 9 k Kj u 9 k tiu
midtU tUf!
ifid bghUfis th kf!
mDk ytr

22

dhf
1. sgu vjid gaJ?
2. sgu gid bragL bghUf ahit?
3. gid vF eilbgWwJ?
4. gid bragL fhy msit FLf.
5.

sguij btLnth ah?

vGJj
dhfSF il vGJj

braghL : 3
ghliygoJ dhfSF il vGJf.

dhf
1. LnjhW vd njit?
2. njhW vjid gf mikj ntL?
3. ehLKY csd vit?
4. nfL gt ah?
5. ghlYF jiy xwid jUf.
braghL : 4

brhtjid vGJj

brhtjid vGJf.
X dF mj gghoF ehffF ehoF mogilahf UgJ
bkhahF. bkhgW yhjtUF ehLgW uhJ. bkh gW bfhshj
d, j bkhia HJ, ehil HJ, gghil HJ, Uj l
bjahk nghL.

23

L njhW fiy sf
njhW ublhU g
ehL KY csd f
eff bsF gygy g
njL f yhjbjh %iu
Diu ahf kLj
nfL F mKjbk mid
nfik bfhs tiy fO.

gilghw
braghL : 5

gl tiuj

fhQ fgideaf ntfjhk ghlYF Xa Lf.

njEf tL kJjid cL

ana ljij fL
jhmij r f vW
jlif vLJK ghjh
thcW ka tbj(W) v
kyfu Fbk(W) m
nghdJ tnlh gwjnjh gHjh
Jiknah Jvd fwh.

fwyil WkL
kbg : 10
m. bghU jUf. 5 x 1 = 5
1. Ef

2. f

3. fu

4. jhky

5. fUiz

M. uf. 5 x 1 = 5
1. ntfjhk
c
.

ghl

2.
mryhif
mikah
vDl wjh.

ehtgHF
otdF

xikgLjgLs
mUYs

3. ghujjh ghl FlgL jhiks bfhlt

.

4. ulh ntWikFa cU
5. gh gh vgJ

bjhl.

24

a uL

br

Uku
clgh m cuh mt
lgl bkPhd nru khlh
clig tsF cgha mnj
clig tsnj cts njnd.*
- U_y

brhbghU : l - cW; bkPhd - bka; cgha - ttif.

Ma F
bga

: _y vD bga, U vD bgauil bgW, mjDl m vD

kahij gik bgW U_y vd MW.

fhy

: Ijh who KgF.

F : irt UKiwf gjhtJ UKiw Uku. jF j _thu

vD ntWbgaU cL. _thu ghlfis bfhlJ. e
ghlgF lbgWs ghl, _wh ju vGW UgJ
ehfhtJ ghlyhF. xnw Fy xUtnd njt vgJ ff
bjhluhF.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. bghU vGJf.
1. l

2. cgha

2. J vGJf.
1. bkPhd

2. clgh

25
25

bghU : neh Kjyhd fhuzfsh cl mkh cU m;

mthW mjh, cWjU bkait mila ayhJ. Mfnt, clig
tsF tKiwfis mJ clig tsnj; mjdh, ciu
mUJ fhnj.

3. nfhol lfis uf.

1. Uku aat

2. Uku ff bjhl

M) FWdhf

1. Uku F vGJf.

2. c ma fhuz vd?

) Wdhf

1. U_y - F vGJf.

2. m tsu U_y TW ttif ahJ?

njght
eifbr

jik dbg jhJf

gifbr

berK gwY bkhWw

Kifbr nk jGK lY
Fifbr bgH nfhy

blhjnj. *

- ukhKt

bghU : FHij naR dif jh. mjidfl jh kah

kd k bgh vGjJ. idia gifj jber MtK
k fyJ, nghw nkila Ukfid mizJ Kjlh.
fh m nkl FifbahW FJ nfhylJ nghUjJ.
brhbghU : eif- dif; Kif - bkhL; nk - cl.
Ma F
bga

: ukhKt

abga

fhlho n#hr bg

bgnwh

bfhl nghbg - vrbg

wjehL

: jh

mjbkhf : jha, y, nuf,

vnua, j, bjYF, rkUj
w
: Kgjh ta jHf tJ j
gW fha giljik

26

aa f
:

Phndhgnjr, gukhj FU fij, Ufht fygf,

bjh} sf, njakh mkhid.

fhy

08. 11. 1680Kj 04. 02. 1747tiu.

F
:

njght = njgh + m = thlhjkhiy; njght = nj +

gh + m = njnghw a ghlfshyhd khiy. ,
naR bgUkh ts jijaha Niragiu
jiytuhfbfhL ghlglJ. , jt rkajh
fiyfsa vd miHfgLwJ. _W
fhlfS, KgjhW glyfS csd; ghlf
vif _thuJ mWW gidJ. ghlgF
lbgWs ghl kftU gly csJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

1. eif

2. Kif

2. J vGJf.

1. xWw

2. nfhyL

3. nk

3. nfhol lfis uf.

1. njght Ma

2. ukhKt abga

3. ukhKt

.
.
ehil rhjt.

M) FWdhf

1. njght - F vGJf.

2. ukhKt mj bkhf ahit?

3. ukhKt aa f ahit ?

) Wdhf

1. ukhKt - F vGJf.

2. jh kah, FHij naRl fhoa m, vjid nghW UjJ?

27

ciueil

ehlffiy
cy ntW vbkhF yhj jw jbkhF cL;
Kj vd wfgL bgUikilaJ.
aw, irj,
ehlfj vd KbgU ghFghLbfhlJ. cyfbkh vjY fhzhj
gF _whtjha ehlfj bjhWbjhL gogona ts
milJ tJsJ.

ehlf - bghU sf
ehlf vD brh ehL + mf vd . ehil mf bfhlJ
ehlf. eho flj fhyij ffhyij tUfhyij j
mfnj fhLtjdh, ehlf vd bga bgwJ vg. mf - ehL; cD
nehF; cid cz; mfij ehL vbwyh gythW mP bghU
TWwd. vD, ehlf vgJ cyf ffis fhL fzho
vgJ KY bghUJ. fijia, fia, czit eoJ fhLtJ,
Tjhf MofhLtJ ehlf vg. jF TJfiy vD bgaU
cL.
ehlffiy njhwK ts
j bjhikahd fiy tot ehlf MF. ehlf njhw bgwj
tuyhiw ma FnghJ, nghy brj vD g mogilahf
mikjiy fhzyh. w brtjidnghy jhK brJ ghfntL
vD kj czjh ehlf njhw fhuzkhdJ.
gila kughitTJ, bghkyhlkhf tsailj d,
njhghit TJ, Hghit TJ Mad Kiwna ghitT
ts iyfshf kfilna tHUjd.
cuw bghUfis itJ isahoa isahL, gogoahf ts
milJ, cUs kjfisna ntl idabrJ Mogho, eof
itjJ. ghitTJKj gntW iyf ts milj ehlf,
ehoakh, ehoa ehlfkh W eh fhQ a ehlf cy mobaLJ
itJsJ.

28

yaf ehlf ga Ff
bjhfha
bkghoa,
ehlf
ghyhd czfSF yfz tFJ
UwJ. TjhlitFHh jnw vD
Fwtahf ehlf muf Uj br bja
tUwJ.
ygfhu
snfhtof,
ehlfnkJ ehlf fif vW ehoakhL
khjia FLwh. jghlfSF
bkghL njhw MLtjid ehoa vW,
VnjD xU fijia jG ntlidJ
MLtjid ehlf vW FL tJsd.
ehoa, ehlf uoF bghJthf
TJ vD brhny tH UjJ.
ygfhuF ciu vGa moahF eyh
TJtiffis g, ehlff g
jkJ ciu FLsh.
yfz tFj ehlf f

gkhfiyP, br to aa
j ehlfa vD , ehlf mj
sf, tiff, vGjgl ntoa Kiwf,
eoFa
yfz,
eogtfSFa
yfz nghwtiw FLsh.

29

<uhu
MLfSF
Kglbjd
fUjgL j f, KWt, raj,
bra,
kthz
ehlfj
,
sfjh TJ, Fz, TJ Kja
gy ehlf f ehoaF ehlfF
yfz tFJsd. ygfhu, ehlf
fiyia g fh iufis g
ehlf mu mik g thf
TsJ.

Rth yhdj vGa kjf Nshk

kiwkiyaof vGa rhFjyK ehlfij
ga Muh fshF. ehlf nguha
gk rgjdh, ehlfj vD j
bjhKiw ehlf muFfisga brfis
eF MuhJ vGsh.
fhynjhW ehlffiy

rfujhR Rthf

VHh who knfutk gyt

kjyhr vD ehlf iy vGsh.
gndhuh who uhruhrnrhH M
fhy uhruhnrRtu ehlf eilbgwjhf
fbtL FLwJ. jrhiu MlnghJ
nfh
ehlff
kuha
kdfsh
eljbgwd. ehaf kdf Mfhy
Fwt ehlff njhd. gS ehlftif,
cHtf thifia Jsd.

gndHh who gF, beho

ehlff njhd. brtFo wj xUt,
xGfbfL, neh tWik cW W
U thtjhf tif ehlff mikjd.

gkhfiyP

gbdlh
who
mUzhry
fuha uhk ehlf, nfhghy Uod
ghuah ejdh ru Mad foafhu
ciuahlfnshL KGtJ ghlfshf mikjd.
fhy njha bgUghyhd ehlff,
kfhghuj, uhkhaz Kja fhaf
fijTWfUJ gilfgld.
Cf, bjUTJ vD ehlftif,
uhzfijfisna ikakhf bfhL elj
bgwJ. d, ehlff ciuahl wl
bgwJ; oa oa eilbgW tj iykh
ehlf _W k neuF KofglJ.
gbjhgjh who rKjha Uj
bjhlghd ehlff wl bgwd.

gk rgjdh

fh Rtehj lghrh yhr Fl

jfJ. nguha Rjudh kndhka vD

30

fij ehlf fhaij ..1891M Mo btlh. yh

l vGa kiwt vD My fijia jGajhf UjhY
totjhY, ghu mikghY, NHyhY jg XUjJ.
ehL Ljiy nghuhl fhyfl, gntW fhya nja
ehlff munfd. fj bt ehlfjh jeho KjKjyhf
eljgl nja rKjha ehlfkhF. jid bjhlJ njabfho,
njrg Kja ehlff eljgld. ehlf nkilf njaghlf
KHd.
Ugjh who bjhlf ehlfJiwF bgUbjhL
jt rfujhR Rthf. ehlf cy kakiy vW, jehlf
jiyikaha vW Rthf miHfglh. ufyhj, Wbjhl,
ytFrh, gtsbfho, mk, Rj Kjyhd
ehgJF nkgl
ehlffis vGsh.

kJiu 1942M Mo yikflyhd j _jho xsitah

ehlf munfaJ. ehlf KGtJ xsitahuhf eoF thig bgW
wjKiw eojh .f.rKfdh. tiu xsit rKfdh vnw
miHjd.
ehlf thyhf ygLjgl ntoait
fiy vgJ Mft brYj ntL. fiyP Mffhfnt
thwh.
kf eyfUna fiyff elJj ntL.
ehlf fiyia bghUjtiu, JikfUJ myJ kWkyfUJ,
ghgt csny ghJ gF VwKiw brayhf btgLj
ntL. cfl m, cWahd beR, bjtg, caj
vzf tiwbayh ehlf tahf fj ntL.
ehlf rhiybahj efyhrhiybahW Ly cnlh fJ
vw fk Tnfg kf fiz, bria, fUij
ftU tifY ehlff fijaHnfhL fijaHFbfhL thit
ikgLJ tifY mikj ntL.

31

j ehlf jij vW nghwgl gk rgjdh, bjhWF

nkgl ehlffis vGsh;
nrRa My ehlffis
bkhbgaJsh. tuJ kndhfu ehlf vGgJ MLfshf j
ehlfnkil fbgW saJ. jkJ ehlf mDgtfisbayh,
ehlfnkil idf vD jiyY eofiy nj bgWtJ
vgo? vD jiyY vGsh. it, ehlf gnthF bgJ
gajuToad.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

1. fijaHF

4. whL

2. Voya

5. njaghl =

3. ehlffiy

6. ehlf

2. nrJ vGJf.

1. j + g

4. w + l =

2. bgUik + Ma =

5. H + ghit =

3. vL + bjhif

6. eo + fiy

3. nfhol lfis uf.

1. jehlf jij vd nghwgLgt

2. ygfhuF ciu vGat

3. kiwkiyaof vGa ehlf

.
.
.

M) FWdhf

1. j KbgU ghFghLf ahit?

2. ehlf - F vGJf.

3. ehlf njhw mogilahf mikjJ vJ?

4. ehlfF yfz tFj f ahit?

5. beho ehlf - F vGJf.

) Wdhf

1. ygfhu ehlf ga Ffis ygLJf.

2. ehlfa F vGJf.

3. kndhka F vGJf.

4. Ljiy nghuhl fhy njha ehlff ahit?

5. ehlf thyhf eh mJ bfhtd ahit?

<) beLdhf

1. gk rgjdh ehlffiyF Ma bjhoid tJ vGJf.

2. ehlf njhwK ts FJ vGJf.

c) bra l : mj fij xwid ehlfkhf jUf.

32

Jizghl

f wjJ!
( ehlf)

fjh xgjhtJ goj khz. xUeh khiy mtis fhgjF

g njhf ngf, nk Ma UtU tUwhf. fjh, j o
KW mtfis tuntwh.
fjh

: th ngf, th nk, eykhf Ufsh?

nk
: vdo fjh! gTl wJ gJ ehSF nkyh lnj!
ghlf iwa ellhf, bjkh?
bj, nk. Mdh, eh nk gF tu thng iy.
cfnshL ehD gjh tF gof ntoat. v iyik
go Mlnj! D xU thuF ehf vyhU
CUF nghf nghnwh.

ngf
: fjh, cid ghfhk ehf vgo Ungh?
xbthU ghtY ehD nk cf oF UJ
rhl tUnthnk! m~J nk elfhjh?
nk
: xbthU urhDF eh vyhU ngf o ah
rhL bfhlhLnthnk.! m~J nk ilahjh?
fjh
: nk! ehD ngfK xbthU jt HhF cf
LF tJ bfhlhLnth! nk mJ Kabfhjhdh?
nk

: eh vyhU xwhf nfna gof Koahjh fjh?

fjh

: vdF Mirjh! Mdh, vf mgh mkh...

(mGwh. o cnsUJ fjh mkh tUwh.)

mkh
:




ngf

bghQf goJ vd bra? bgilnfh T bghGJ

okh? xU fhy j CUF iHf tnjh. nghJ
Knd kh tUkhd iy. wj CUFnghdh fis
vLgJ, fL RkgJ vW ehY fhR ghfyh. Cnyna ey
igadhf ghJ fjhit mt ify xgilJlyh!

: gow ta Ukz ntlh, mkh!

33
33

fjh
:

nk

: mY, fjh eyh gow bghQ, gof itf mkh!

ngf
: f ntLkhdh CUF nghf. fjh vf o
j gofL. ehf ftdkhf ghJbfhnth.
mkh
: mJ elw fhakh!
tu gjhJkh!

f d isf,

ngf

: fjh! mnf gh. ek j Iah tUwh.

nk

: nfjh tUwh vW idnw!

cfSF

(mnf j Iah tUwh. _tU gthf tzFwhf.)

_tU

: tzf, Iah!

Iah

: tzf. X! ngfK nk nfjh Ufsh?

ngf

: Mkh, Iah.

nk

: fjhit gF miHf tnjh.

Iah
: Mfh! ey isf! eh tjJ mjFjh! vd
fjh? cley iyah? nghJ vgo Uwh?
ehisF tJLth myth?
fjh

: mJ.... mJ... tJ...

(mkhit ghwh. mkh sf KgLwh.)

: cLgnjh fjyhil; cgnjh xUntis nrhW, ViHahd

mkh
vfSF vjF Iah go? fjhit nkbfhL gofitf
vfl tr iy. bgf vd goJ vd bra?
bg jhndf Iah?
: mkh, mgo brhyhf. bgnzh Mnzh
Iah
kLnk cauKo. mj fhy xsitahUJ
uh fh, fgdh rhyh Kja khjuf
caj nkijf, mkh! gojh, fjh mj
tuKo!

fah
jfhy
fah
tir

(mnghJ btUJ fjh mgh tUwh.)

mkh

: (fztiu ghJ) t j Iah! tfjh fjh mgh!

Iah

: tzf, Iah.

mgh

: tzff.

Iah
: Iah, cf kf fjh xgjh tF Wnj
vf g Kj khzahf nj bgUwh. gjh
34

tF khynyna Kj khzahf mt cWahf tUth!

: tuL. Mdh, vfSF gof itf tr iyna!

Iah

: trgiljtfjh gofitfKo vgJ mjfhy!

cf vzij kh bfhSf. ytr Uil,
ghlf, nehL jff, ka cz, ytr ngUJ
tr, to vd gy rYiff csd.

mgh

: mgoah!

Iah

: Mkh. cf bg fjh wikahdt. mtUF xkakhd

vfhy fhUwJ. fjh mtUF cWJizahf
Uj ntL.

mgh

: Iah! v fiz wJOf! tWik thL

vfisnghw ViHfSF ts thf Ugjid
jhf Ta wFjh bjJbfhnl. v kf fjh
ehisKj gF tUth.

fjh

: (mgh mUnf brW) mgh! vid thJf.

ngf

: (t fiu JilJ) vdF nghJjh k.

nk

: (Fu jGjGf) Mkh. vdF kahf UwJ.

mkh

: cf Uggona, v kf goJ bga Mshf tuL.

Iah

: m~J cWahf elF, mkh! M xUt f fwh m~J

xUt kL fF f. bg xU f fwh, mtis
rhj FLg KGtJFnk mt xsfhf fth.

fjh

: Iah! f, v bgnwh, v cnjha jU Cf

vid f caJ. gjh tFY mj tU
gulh tF bghJnjY khy ms Kj

kbg
bgW,
cf
midt
vghig
iwntWnt vW cW Vnw! gnthL cfis
tzF vid thJf.

(fjh tzf, j Iah thJwh. mF F midt ffS

fyFwd. )
ehlf iwbgWwJ.
kh dh
fLiu dh
f wjJ ehlf fijia RU vGJf.

35

mgh

yfz

MFbga
khzt : tzf, Iah.
Ma : tzf. W midtU f kahf Ufns,
VnjD w clh?

khzt : cL, Iah. kilgJ (bf) isaho ah

bt bgwJjh kF fhuz.
Ma

: vdF kjh. r, e ah vj fl csJ?

khzt

: Mah fl csJ, Iah.

Ma : k. ah kilgJ isaho btbgwJ.

ah Mah fl csJ.
j U bjhlfis
goJ ghUf. uoY tJs brh vJ?
khzt

: ah vD brh, Iah.

Ma : Kj bjhl tJs ah vD brhY, ulh

bjhl tJs ah vD brhY xnu bghUis
jUwjh vd f.
khzt : btntW bghUis jUwJ, Iah. Kj bjhl ah,
kilgJ ufis FwJ. ulh bjhl ah,
lij FwJ.
Ma : frahf brhf, k. f TaJngh, Kj
bjhl cs ah jid Ffhk, jndhL
bjhlila ufis FwJ. xw abga jid
Ffhk, jndhL bjhlila ntbwhU bghUSF M
tJsJ. thW tUtjF MFbga vgJ bga. MFbga
gytifgL. Kj, Kj MWtif MFbgaf FJ
ghngh.
khz

: Kj MW MFbgaf vit, Iah?

Ma

: TWnw, fk. c jiy cs , vd ?

khz

: kif Iah.

36

Ma : kif vgJ iy; mJ bfho. kif Nodh vd

brhdh, mF kif vgJ bfhoaha KjbghUis
Ffhk vD idia FwJ. thW KjbghU

idF (cWF) M tUtJ, KjyhF bga vdgL.
jid bghUshFbga vd TWt. neW ngRngho
Kj gR bgw g, vJ?
khzt

: o g, Iah.

Ma

: o gah tJ ngaJ? g vgo ngR?

khzt : g ngrhJ, Iah. oYs g gw khz

ngdh, Iah.
Ma : ghfsh? g vD lbga, mg gY

khzF M tjJ. mjdh, ~J lthF bga.
: Iah, kybfho vid mof tUwh.

Ma

: kybfho! mtis V mowh?

khz

: mt, v jiyYs it vLwh, Iah.

Ma

: c jiy itUF bgabud?

khz :
rg , Iah.
Ma

: rg vgJ vd?

khz

: khj bga, Iah.

Ma

: j khjfhfth ts f brf?

khz

: iy , Iah. rg fhf.

Ma : ewhf brhdh. rg vD khjbga, mkhj

F F M tjJ. mjdh, J fhythFbga. mLJ

idahF bga g ghngh.
khzt

: idahF bga vwh vd? Iah.

Ma :
id vwh cW. btiy elh. bjhl cs

btiy vgJ idaha iyia Ffhk, mj Kj
bghUsha bfhoF M tjJ. mjdh, J idahF bga

MW.
khzt

: mLJ vd MFbga, Iah.

Ma

: bghfYF K L RtfSF vd mongh?

khzt

: btis mongh, Iah.

37

khz

Ma : mHfhf brh. btis vgJ wg. Mdh, mJ

wij Ffhk, Rzhig FJ tjJ. mjdh, J

gghF bga. jid FzthFbga vd TWt.
ijbghfYF vd rhL?
khzt

: bghf cngh, Iah.

Ma : F bghf vgJ bghFjyha bjhbga. bjh

bga bjhiy Ffhk, mbjhyh MF czit
FjJ. mjdh, J bjhyhF bga. vbdd
MFbgafis gonjh.
khzt : 1. KjyhF bga, 2. lthF bga, 3. fhythF bga, 4. idahF
bga, 5. FzthF bga, 6. bjhyhF bga.
Ma : e.
g : Gs bjhlf ca MFbga brhfis uf.

1.

cilj Via ghf

uL tjJ. (kf, Cnu)

2. thilfis

3. ij bghfYF

4. njbkh

xwhf bfhL. (khztfSF, jiyF)

mog. (Rzh, btis)
No tjh. (kif, rg)

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. nfhol lfis uf.

1. C cwaJ vgJ

MFbga.

2. y Nodh

MFbga.

2. ca brhiy njbjGJf.
1. tWt wh vgJ

m) KjyhF bga

M) lthF bga

) bjhyhF bga

M) fhythF bga

) bjhyhF bga

2. iu tjh

m) idahF bga

M) FWdhf

1. MFbga vwh vd? rhW jUf.

2. MFbgaf vjid tifgL?

3. idahF bgaiu rhWl sFf.
4. bjhyhF bga vwh vd? rhW jUf.

38

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w
ehlffiy tsF bjhlha ehlf eof xUtiu g IJ kJf
ngRf.
M) goj w
yt xUt ghlbyhwid ghoUjh. mghlYF ghrtiy vW bgaoUjh.
mjid bgUyt xUtl fhJ kiu tHFkhW ntodh. mghlnyh
KGtJ ghl yfzJF bghUjhk, tGfnshL Rit UjJ. mjdh,
mbgUyt ghrtiy, ghrtiyjh vwh. j ghliy bgUyt ghuholh
vd fUa yt, kdiwnthL ilbgW brwh. mbgUyt egf mtiu
neh, Iah, ghlf KGtJ j jtWkhf csdnt! mjid ghuhofns! J
jFkh? vW nfld. eh vnf ghuhond? ghrtiy, gh-rtiy vWjhnd Tnd
vwh bgUyt. (gh-rtiy - rtiy ghlf, KGik bgwhjit)
) vGJj w
fij aW w bgWj

fij vGJ wid tsJbfhs bjhlf, uL mo, ehfo ms

fij vG gHFj ntL.
mng enyh UjhF
(v.fh.) 1.
mlf MU kUjhF
gng th ecilik
ghl gogJ eflik.

2.
tW RUf nghf
ril RUf nghdh
ryit bjhyh.
ehnd brnt
fhQ fij gof, fij tof.
ojJ bghGJ eykhf
bjG kjh jhf.

39

fij aWtJ X caiy w. mjid g thyhf bgWj vJ.

fijfis eF goJ m mikJs ea, fUJ, brhw Kjatiw mj
ntL. jfhy fPf Jfijfis njbjLJ goj ntL.

bkhw g
1. brhbwhlf mikJs tGfis mnth.

(v.fh.) mur tjJ (iztG)
- mur tjh

fy ngdh (ghtG)
-
fy ngdh

Ff TaJ (vtG)
-
Ff Td

fkyh jh (ltG)
-
fkyh jh

tst neW tUwh (fhytG)
-
tst neW tjh

Mij faJ (kutG)
- Mij myaJ
g : fhQ bjhlf mikJs tGfis vGJf.

1. yt tjhf.

2. k Tt F mfaJ.

3. jhkiu gl tiujh.

4. ahidf tjJ .

5. bgUkiH bgjikah kuf jJ.

6. ta MLfW nkwJ.

7. gR Fo nghlJ.

8. khil yha fL.

9. btiynjhF brW btiy gJ th.

10. ahid KHF.
2. bghUJf.

1. f fidjJ
- v tG

2. fz gojh - fhytG

3. W tUth
- iztG

4. fy ngaJ
- kutG

5. gwitf gwjJ
- ghtG
3. jbHfis TLf
=
4. =
1.
2.
=
5. =
3.
=
6. =
4. fLiug

eh kUJtuhdh...

g
vlh tF gowhnd, mj KUfid bjkh? vW ahiuahtJ nflh
bjahJ vnw brhthf. iy KUfid bjkh? vW nflh, clnd bj
vghf. m~bjd iy KUf? KUfl vGJnfh bfhL vW nflhY
r, isahL bghUis bfhL vW nflhY r, ntW vjid nflhY, mt
thUJ tU Kj brh iy vgJjh. ahUF vj bghUis bfhLgjF

40

mtDF kd tuhJ. vJ nflhY iy vW brhtjdh, mtDF iy KUf

vd bga itnjh. f ntLkhdh VnjD nfL ghUfns. vd brhwh
ghUf!
TongRnth.
1. KUfidnghy ahiuahtJ ghUfsh?
2. cfl ahuhtJ vjidahtJ nflh vd brhf?if

thifw
jidaj
bghbfho ewhf Xa tiuth. Mdh, mt ahlK mjid btgLaJ
iy. mtl UF Tr czjh mjFfhuz. MLHhit KL
g nghof mfgld. Xangho mt xW. ngho fyJbfhs
gyU MtJl bga bfhLjd. bghbfho fyJbfhs UdhY wghf tiua
Kokh vd jadh. bghbfho jafF fhuz, mt j wikfisg
mahjnj. iy bghbfhoF f vthW miu TWf?
cflKs wikfis thilFnghJ, btgLJj ntL. ey
thfis vWnk eGtLj TlhJ. mnjnghy, myjU thfis vW
mlLj TlhJ.

neik
fhaof thif elj xU f
cajug fhaof vGa Kjyh ML njnghJ, elj f
xW cL. m~J nf FljfJ.
fJiw Mths $ifR mg Mfhf tUjh. vGJTo vGJ
gfhf, mt vfSF IJbrhfisT mtiw vGjbrhdh. mtW xU
brh bfo vgJ. mjid eh jtwhf vGnl. eh jtwhf vGajid Ma,
vdF Fgh czdh. mjid vdh Jbfhs ayiy. vid ju
kw vyhisfS mbrhiy rahf vGUjd. eh xUtnd Klhshf
UJnl. j Klhjdij eh czUgo brtjF Ma gyKiw
Ka brjh. Mdh , mjdhY gaiy. ghJ vGJ gHfij eh vWnk
fWbfhsiy.
fhaof jFHij gUtnyna wiu ghJ vGjTlhJ vD
bfhif cWahf Ujh vgjid f ekF czJwJ. neikia
filoJ ehK brikahf thnth.
fbH cU bfhLFt
gba cyFl bgD bfhsy. - weh}W

41

kf

tsu braghLf
ngRj
braghL : 1

eoj

thkiH nrngh vD jiy z ehlf xwid vG eoJ

fhLf.
braghL : 2

fyJiuahl

bjUTJ, nkil ehlf, iugl _wDF cs xWikfis FG

fyJiuahLf.

vGJj
braghL : 3

bjhFj

g yf brW gUUKiwf bgafis mtiw vGatf

bgafis vGJf.

braghL : 4

gilghw

m vD brh Ko ghl xwid vGJf.

braghL : 6

flJ vGJj

fhQ ciuahliy goJ tzl MFbgabrhf tiffis

flJ vGJf.
Ky : j... fyh... neW cid isahLl ghf Koaiyna...
V?
fy : Mkh mzh... neW vf il R njhl miknjh.

mjdh, isahl tu ayiy.
Ky : cf C cs midJ LfY njhl clh?
fy : vf C njhl yhj Lfns iy. bghGJ vf Cnu

khlJ.
Ky : r... cf njhl vd ijJf?
fy : iu ijUnwh.
Ky : vd eLsh?
fy : eh nuhrh eLns.
Ky : ehD cfis nghW vf o njhl mikfnghnw.
fy : k, mzh. W f gL mUfns fhuz vd?
Ky : W vdF wj eh fyh.
fy : thJf, mzh.

42

goj
braghL : 7

ilaj

ghliy goJ dhfSF ilaf.

bgfF f ntL
cyid ngQ jnf
bgfF f ntL
fia ngQjnf
fyhj bgf
fsy my
islyh; ey
jtf isj iy
dhf
1. ahUF f ntL?
2. bgfSF f V ntL?
3. fyhj bgf vjF xght?

4. fsy vJ is?
5. ghlYnfw jiy Lf.

fwyil WkL

kbg : 10

I. fhQ dhbjhlid goJ M / iy vd il vGJf.

5x1=5

1. Uku irt UKiwf gjhtJ UKiwah?

(M / iy)

2. Nirag aa njghtah?

(M / iy)

3. rfujhR Rthf jehlf jiyikahauh?

(M / iy)

4. kjfNshk id Rth yhdj vGduh?

(M / iy)

5. btiy elh vgJ idahF bgauh?

(M / iy)

II. bghUjhjdtiw njbjLJ vGJf.

5x1=5

1. Phndhgnjr, Uku, gukhj FU fij, bjh} sf

2. gk rgjdh, xsit rKfdh, rfujhR Rthf, gkhfiyP

3. bra, KWt, e}, raj

4. gtsbfho, ytFrh, kndhfu, ufyhj

5. bgha, ma, iu, Rl

43

a _W

br

fguhkhaz
jhJF nrhiy njhW rgf fhL njhW
nghj bghif njhW Jkz jlf njhW
khj nt f tdbjhW taf njhW
Xa cl njhW cbud cyha jnw. *

- fg

bghU : ru MW kfujbghofis J nrhiyfis tsgL,

rgf tdfis flJ, mUf Uw Fsfis u,
Jkzf iyf tahf, FUf ntl fKfnjhlf
ghJ, tafis brf brJ ghJ brtJ, clD cFJ
gutjid nghW sFwJ.
brhbghU : jhJ - kfuj; nghJ - ky;

bghif - Fs; f - fKf (ghF ku).

Ma F
bga :

fg

ehif khtl kyhLJiwF mUYs njuG.

nghat

rilag ts

aa f :

rlnfhgujh, VbuGgJ, iybaGgJ, ruRt mjh, Uif

tHf.

fhy

.. gulh whL vd TWt.

fg, tlbkh th vGa uhkhazij jG j fha

adh; aa mYF, uhkhtjhu vd bgalh. mJnt fguhkhaz
vd tHfyhW. vdnt,
J t vdgLwJ. fij khj tlbrh
bgafis bjhfha bego jgLa bgUikFat fg.
F : fguhkhaz MW fhlfisilaJ. mit: ghy fhl, mnahah
fhl, Mua fhl, jh fhl, Rju fhl, j fhl vgd.
(fhl - bgU ; gly - c) ghl ghy fhlJ MWgly csJ.
jnghija cjuunjr khy gh ru e ts, TwgLsJ.

44

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.
1. jhJ

2. nrhiy

2. J vGJf.

1. rgffhL

3. nghj

2. tdbjhW

4. cbud

3. nghJ

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. fg wj C

2. fgiu Mjj ts

3. fguhkhaz mikJs fhlf vif

.
.
.

M) FWdhf

1. fg - F vGJf.

2. fguhkhaz - F vGJf.

) Wdh

ru e vthW cyaJ vd fg FLwh?

GJ ntU
yngh ts isF

GJf f! f

Mid R F

mUw kwt! ntnuh

thid jiu

koa gh Tl!

yth kiwF Mjh

xiwfh beoa gj!

- ghujhr

45

bghU: yngh tsJs MyisF GJf fshf fwd.

fbsyh Mykuij R F ufshf fh mwd. ntf vyh
jiu thiy C njhW gh Tlngh fhzgLwd. thid kiwF
Myku xiwfhYl J guj gjyhf njhWwJ.
brhbghU :

w - tik; kwt - u.
Ma F
bga : ghujhr
abga

: Rud

bgnwh

fdfrig - yF

Jnr
C :
fhy :
wbgaf

29. 04. 1891Kj 21. 04. 1964tiu

ghntj, ufP

w : ghuahUlbfhl beUa bjhldh ghujhr

vd jbgaiu mikJbfhlh. jij bgah gFj jidfis fij
to jjt.
aa f : ghoa gR, FLg sF, Ul L, mH , fz u
fha, FL, jaf Kjad. F lbgWs ghl mH
vD GJ ntU vD jiy lbgWsJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. bghU vGJf.

2. kwt

2. xiwfh

2. J vGJf.

1. w

1. mUw

3. nfhol lij uf.

1. mH iy vGat

2. ghujhr abga

3. ghujhr wj C

.
.
.

M) FWdh

ghujhr aa f ahit?

) Wdhf

1. ghujhr - F vGJf.

2. Myku GJ ntU vbttiw nghW fhajd vd ghujhr
ghLwh?

46

ciueil

fhLf
v

: mgh....

mgh

: vd v...

: mgh, mLj thu vf g fLiungho eilbgw

csJ.

mgh

: mgoah, f k. nghof fyJbfhtJ vwh,

cdF fU gJ nghwjhnw.

: Mdh, mgh...

mgh : vdkh?
bfhLJs

jiyigg

mgh

: mtsjhnd! jiy vdbtW brhykh.

: fhLf vgJjh mj jiy.

brf

mgh : ey jiy.
r, y eikR vdbtyh
Uwd bjkh? IjfS cUs, cuw
bghUfS Uwd. XuKj Mwtiu cs cf
mtW mlf.
v

: mgh, Ijf vgd y, , , fhW, thd Ma

IJjhnd. Mdh, eh Mw cf myth! Xu, <u
g brhYf mgh.

mgh

: gHj yfz yhd bjhfha kua XuKj

Mwtiu cs cfisg bjthf bjhfha
FLsh.
bkdh m c Xu cilaJ; jF rhwhf, , ku
Kja jhtufis Twyh. bk, th - <u; eij, rF
Kjad. bk, th, _F - _t; vW, fiuah, mil
Kjad. bk, th, _F, f - ehy; eL, J, tL
Kjad. bk, th, _F, f, br - Ia; yF, gwit
Kjad. bk, th, _F, f, br, kd -Mw; kj.
47

mgh, vdF
v :
ntLnk.

v
: cy yFfns vif Fahf fhzgLwd.
yFfis xLnghJ kjf vif Fiwthfnt
csJ. yFf Fahdh mit kjfis bfhW
lhjh?
mgh

: cy cf midJ aifnyna rkiy csd.

: aif rkiyah? mgobawh vd?

mgh : brhnw, nf. vLJfhlhf, ghf KGtJ mf

gLtjhf itJbfhnth. mbghGJ vd fG? fgid
brJgh.
v

: ghng cy UfhJ. mjdh, ekF vj F VglhJ.

mgh : mgoiy, v. ghf ekF gy eikfis brwd.

ghf iybawh, mt czthd vf bgUL.
vf vif bgUlh, mit cz jhafis
mJL.

: mgoah?

mgh : Mkh, v. Jnghynt aif thl NH Fl xU

yd mnghJ, aif rkiy khw VgL

48

 jdh, gy isf VgL. vdnt, jhtufS

yFfS cy rkiy Ugnj eyJ, jjh?
v

: ewhf jjgh. cz r, cz tiy vgd

jndhL bjhliladnt!
( v mkh, mtf ciuahl izJ bfhSj)

mkh : rahf brhdh, v. cdf thtjfhf czit

cbfhwd. cz Mw csJ. X cUJ
knwh cF cz_y Mw r bjhlnghy
ilwJ. czr jhtufUnj bjhlFwJ.
vdnt, cf MwYF mogilahf sFtd
jhtufns. cdF bjj cz r xwid brh.
: kh, iy czthfbfhwJ. f khid czthf
bfhwJ. Mdh, J bfhLikahf iyah, mkh?

mkh

: brhtJ rjh. jah khid f bfhtJ, jtis

ia bfhtJ, gh jtisia bfhtJ mjj
cf a. aifnyna cf czfhf
xwidbahW rhJ thwd.thW cy w w,
m MfK bjhlJ fJbfhoUwd. fhLfis
mfhk yFfis ghJfhgJ e flik.

: tiw ekh vgo ghJfhf aY?

mgh

: cy ehF yrF nkgl jhtufS, vGgij

jhuF nkgl yFfS thwd. jhtufis
tsj, fhLfis ghJfhj, fhLyFfis ghJfhj
nghwit NHa mlF.

49

mUfis fhz brY RWyh gaf gy mU

uho kwd. _iff fyJ G mU
aifahf Ffhk, braif ntbghUfis (nrh,
rh) Ff gagLJwd. mF thG fhL yFf
aif iu Fof ayhj iyF jsgLwd.
khrila ehnk fhuzkhf Unwh.
th gwF gwitnah J ndh iyfis
khRgLJtiy. ku tsngh; kiH bgWnth vgjid
mJsh myth? mrh kuf mlJs ujh
cynyna mf ms kiHbgW l. ah vo
xU gF msnt fhLf csd. it kiHtu fhuzkhf
UgjndhL kLkyhk, tdyFfSF flkhf
csd.

k mig jLj, whWf njhw fhuzkhf Uj,

bjh tsF cjj, kUJ bghUf, _iff
jUj vd vzw eikf ekF fhLfsh iswd.
fhL yFflUJ jj, njh, eWkzbghU, nj
Kja gtif bghUf ilwd.

v
: ts eikfsh? mgobawh, tiw eh ghJfhgJ
aikahjJ. jid jbahU kjdh vthW bra
aY?
mkh : bra KoahJjh. mjdhjh, a fhLth cf
tha mikfglJ. mnlhg Kj thuij muR tdyF
thukhf bfhlho tUwJ. tdyF ghJfh rl
1972M ML awglJ. rl, tdyFfis

ntilahLtjid
jLwJ.
mJtU
yFfis
KwUJ ghJfhf tbrwJ. ekJ eho gndG

tdyF ghJfh lfS, mWgjhW nja tdyF

50

 fhfS, KW mWgbjL flfS mikJsd.

v
: vf Ma xnthuhL mnlhg f ehfh eh

cyf tdyF eh bfhlhlgLtjhf Tsh.
: Mkh, v. meh tdyFfis fhLfis mfhk
mgh
ghJfhf eh cWbkh Vngh.
v
: cWahf brnth , mgh. mJl eh fLiu vGJtjF
njitahd brfis cf thyhf bjJ bfhnl.
f k.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. J vGJf.

1. fhLf =

4. yd

2. whW

5. Ijf

3. fl

6. thl

2. nfhol lfis uf.

c.

2. cynyna mf kiHbgW l

3. tdyF ghJfh rl

.
Mo awglJ.

M) FWdhf

1. vYF bfhLfgl fLiungho jiy vd?

2. khriltjfhd fhuz vd?

3. eik Rs bghUf ahit?

4. aif rkiy vwh vd?

5. czr vwh vd? rhW jUf.

6. tdyF thu vnghJKj bfhlhlgL tUwJ?

) Wdhf

1. XuKj Mwtiu cs cfshf bjhfha FLtd ahit?

2. fhLfsh is eikf ahit?

3. tdyF ghJfh rl vnghJ awglJ? mrl fUJfis vGJf.

<) beLdhf

1. czr, cztiy FJ vGJf.

2. yFfis ghJfhf nkbfhsgl lf ahit?

3. aif tsfis ghJfhf eh vd brj ntL?

51

1. ku

Jizghl

brid mUfhaf
(Ma tFD EiHa, mJtiu ryryJ bfhoUj khzhff
mikahf vGJ whf.)
khzhff

tzf, Iah!

Ma : tzf khzhffns!
cfhUf.
cf kyj
Kffis fhQnghJ, v cs fgilwJ. LKiw
ehfis gaDsjhf fUf vW vQnw.
nkY, f kWtif eh TwnghF br
mik.

khzt : Iah, m~J vdbtW TWf.

cnsh.

ehf f Mtyhf

Ma : j ML eh fRWyh bry Unwh. l vJ

bjkh? brid mUfhaf.
khzt : mgoah? vfSF f kahf csJ. Mdh...
Ma

: vd Mdh...? brhYf.

khzt :
Iah, mUfhafg nfgLnsh.
mUfhaf g vJ vfSF bjahnj!

MD,

brhnw. Mdh, thf sfkhf mJbfhs

Ma :
ntLbk, eh neuoahf brW mJbfhtJjh

wjjhF.
vdnt,
mUfhafg
RUfkhf
brhnw.
khzt : Iah, f k. mUfhaf vgJ vd?
Ma :
mUfhaf vgJ mjhd gHbghUfis bjhFJ
itJs lkhF.
khzt : brid mUfhaf vFsJ? vnghJ bjhlf
glJ?
Ma : brhnw. brid vG mUfhaf mikJsJ.
J .. 1851M Mo bjhlfglJ. fhaf Kj
ika mUfhaf vwiHfglJ.
52

khzt : mUfhaf eh vbdd bghUfis ghfyh?

Ma : mUfhaf g_W fhaff csd. it
midJ MW fllf itfgLsd. xbthU
fllF jj bgaf NlgLsd. mit,
jiyik fll, K fll, btfy fhTl,
Wt mUfhaf, nja Xa fhTl kW
rkfhy Xa fh Tl vgd.

Ma : M. KGtjid xnu eh ghf ntLkhdh neu

nghjhJ. f RWyh f ghfhkl lfis
cf bgnwhUl brW L fhzyh. Mfnt, kd
tUj bfhshf.
khzt : mthnw brnwh, Iah. Mdh...
Ma

: L vd Mdh...

khzt : f Ta MW fllf vtiwbayh itJshf

vW TWf, Iah!
Ma : brhnw. jiyik fll uL gFfshf mikf
gLsJ. js gf, mkuht fiyf,
jrh jsthlf, jhujfL rhrdf csd.
Ctd, gwgd, ghof Kja ydf cUl
Ugjidnghy gjgLjgL fhF itfgLsd.

nkjs
mrjiyf,
jhtua
bjhlghdit,
gtsghiwf, KJbfYgw cdf, f, fbtoa,
Jbt ehff bjhlghdtiw fhzyh.
53

khzt : aghf Uwnj. itaidij xnu eh ghf

aYkh, Iah!

khzt : fllYsdtiw fhgjF beLneu MFkh?

Ma : Mkh.
mFs gwitf, yFfis f L
L fhzntL vd idf. Mf ahid
fbga vYTo kh tot, cynyna fbga
yfhd y vYTo kh tot Mad
cfis a MJ.
khzt : Iah,

K fllF brwh vtiw ghfyh?

Ma : K fll gFF khla gF mikJsJ.

bjha gF Mfhy kj njhw, ts,

gagLa
ffUf,
tuyh
FfgLs
kdf gilfUf, gHfhy irfUf, fiy,
gghil sF bghUfS lbgWsd.
khzt : f brhtjid nfFnghnj clnd brW ghfntL
vW njhWwJ, Iah!

54

khzt : Iah, Wt mUfhaf vbdd ghfyh?

Ma : ma, nghFtuJ, bjhEg, gntWtif Mil
fSlToa bghikf Kjatiw ghfyh. nja
Xa fhTl f wj Xaf, ku Xaf,
nwhaf, jrh Xa Kjatiw fhzyh.
rkfhy Xa fhTl jha XafS, jfhy
XafS cf ffSF UjFtif mikf
gLsd.
khzt : vfisbayh vnghJ Iah miHJ brf? ehf
midtU ghgjF MtJl Unwh.
Ma : f k, khzhffns. jiyikahaUl fyJng,
Fl xU eh brnth, kjhnd.
(k xwJ)
kh dh
fLiu dh
brid mUfhaf FJ fLiu vGJf.

55

Ma : f TWtJ cikjh. fhafF f brW

lh, iuthf bt tUtjF UgkhOf.
mFs bghUfis fhzntL vW cfilna
Mt vGtJ aifjhnd! r, btfy fhTl
f fhgdbtyh vd bjkh? bjha, ehzaa,
ntfh gFf irt, itzt, bgsj, rkz kj
fSfhd btfy gfis fhzyh. xbthU
fhyY gagLjgL tj ehzaf, gjff
Matiw ghfyh.

yfz

ntWik
khzt

: tzf, Iah.

Ma

: midtUF tzf.

fUgyif vGa bjhlfis goJ ghUf.

1. KUf tjh.
2. KUfid ghjh.
3. KUfdh tiuaglJ.
Kj bjhl KUf vD bga vGth.

ulh bjhl KUf vD bga bragLbghU.

_wh bjhl KUf vD bga bragLbghUshf
fUjhthf ntWgLwJ.
thW bgaiu ntWgLJtJ ntWik vdgL. mntWik

v tifgL.
khzt : jid VHh tFnyna gonjh, Iah. I, M, F, , mJ,
f vgd ntWik cUf, Iah.
Ma : kwfhk brhf, k. tF J thf
bjJ bfhf. nghJ xbthU ntWik cU
g, m~J vbtbghU tU vgJ g
bjJbfhSf.
khzt

: sFf, Iah.

Ma : Ky tjh vgJ xU bjhl. bjhl Ky vgJ

vGth. j vGth, tjh vD gaiyia VW aghf
tUwJ. j vGth idKW, bgabrh, idbrh
MatW xwid gaiyahfbfhL Ko. thW
tUtJ vGth ntWik myJ Kj ntWik vdgL.
jF cU iy.

(v.fh.) 1. khL tjJ - idKiwbfhL KojJ.

56

2. tst v j
KojJ.

bgagaiyia bfhL

3. tsk ah? - dhbga gaiyiabfhL

KojJ.
khzt

: ulh ntWik cU Ijhnd, Iah.

Ma :
M. rahf brhdh. KUnfr broia elh
bjhl KUnfr vgJ vGth. bro vgJ bga
brhny. m~J I vD cUig VW bragLbghUis
czJwJ. thW xU bgabrh bghUis
bragLbghUshf
ntWgLJtJ
ulh
ntWik
vdgL. jid bragLbghU ntWik vd tHFt.
j cU I.
m~J Mf, mj, milj, j, xj, cilik Ma
mWtif bghUf tU.

khzt

-
-
-
-
-
-

Mf
mj
milj
j
xj
cilik

: _wh ntWik cUf M, M, xL, XL vgd jhnk, Iah.

Ma : rahf brhdh. it jiknaw bgabghUis fU,

fUjh, clf bghUshf ntWgLJ. tW M,
M cUf fU, fUjh Ma UbghUfY tU. fU
KjfU, JizfU vd UtifgL.
(v.fh.)

ehuh fW jh.
Kj fU (fhakhf kh m~jhfnt UgJ).

ifah fW jh.
JizfU (fha bragLtiu Jizahf UgJ.)
njngh fUjh aWj fUjh, Vj fUjh vd
UtifgL.
(v.fh.) 1. jrdh ehfh braglJ.
aWj fUjh. (jhnd brtJ.)
57

tst gia fodh

nrhH giftiu mjh
njbkh nfhiy miljh
FHf dij Ljh
fa Fiy nghwt
fz brtij cilat


2. nfh murdh flglJ. - Vj fUjh.
(jh brahk wiu bra itgJ.)
khzt

: Iah, clf vwh vd?

Ma : X vGth braYl bjhwdJ braY clftJ

clf bghU vdgL.
(v.fh.) jhbahL FHij brwJ.

ehbahL Fo brwJ.

fUbghU bfhL vD brhY clf

bghU cl vD brhY brhYUfshf tU.
(v.fh.) bfhL ijjh.
MWKfDl t brwh.

khzt

: ehfh ntWik cU F jhnd, Iah.

Ma : tirahf nfwh, k. J bfhil, gif, e, jf,

mJthj, bghUL, Kiw, viy vd gy bghU tU.
(v.fh.) 1. ytF gR bfhLjh.

bfhil

2. nehF gif kUJ.

gif

3. ghF eg fy.

4. LF xU is.

jF

5. tisaYF bgh.

mJthj

6. TF ntiy.

bghUL

7. nfhtyDF kid fz. -

8. UjF tlnf ntfl. -

Kiw
viy

FF gyhf bghUL, j vgd brhYUfshf
tU.
(v.fh.) TbghUL ntiy brjh.

ntiy jma brwh.

F cl Mf vgJ nrJ tU.
(v.fh.) Tfhf ntiy brjh.
khzt

: Ijh ntWik cUf , vgdjhnk ,Iah.

58

Ma : rahf brhdh. it jik Vw bgabghUis f,

x, viy, VJbghUfshf ntWgLJ.

(v.fh.) 1.

jiy j k

2. gh w bfhF

3. brid nkF nt

viy

4. mft xsit

VJ

UJ, W, l, fhoY vgd

brhYUf MF.

Ijh ntWikFa

(v.fh.) 1. nty CUJ tjh. - UJ

2. mur njW wdh. - W
3. fa vidl bgat - l

khzt

4. jiHfhoY Ritahd bkh clh?- fhoY

: Mwh ntWik cUf mJ, MJ, m vgitjhnk, Iah.

(v.fh.) 1. vdJ L.

2. vdhJ .
3. ij, kh vd j khjf guL.

Mwh ntWikF cila vgJ brhYUghf tU.

(v.fh.) 1. vDila L.

2. egDila ril.

khzt : VHh ntWik cUf f, fh, nk, nH, l,

Kjadjhnk, Iah.
Ma

: rahf brhdh. nghJ y vLJfhLfis ghngh.

(v.fh.) 1. k x.

2. of id.

3. mtDF vnk btW.

nk

4. bgo gz csJ.

F: vD Ijh ntWik cU x, VJ, f Ma bghU

tU. VHh ntWik cU lbghU tU.
59

Ma : rahf brhdh. mJ, MJ vgd xUikF, m vgJ

gikF tU. Uf Hik (cik) bghU tU.

 (v.fh.) 1. khiy kyf.

VHh ntWik cU lbghU tjJ.

2. khiyUJ kyiu jh.

Ijh ntWik cU f bghU tjJ.

khzt

: bjthf jJ, Iah. vlh ntWik, ntWik jhnd!

Ma : ewhf brhdh. glif bgaiu Kiy bgauh

miHf ntWik gagLwJ. jid ntWik vd
tHFt. (v.fh.) fzh th!, na ngR!
g : ca ilia njJ vGJf.

1. idKW, bgabrh, idbrh Ma tid gaiyahfbfhL
KotJ.

m) ehfh ntWik

) Kj ntWik

<) Mwh ntWik

2. bgabrhiy fUjhthf khWtJ.

m) Kj ntWik

) ulh ntWik

M) ulh ntWik

M) _wh ntWik
<) Ijh ntWik

3. HikbghU tUtJ.

m) _wh ntWik

) vlh ntWik

M) Mwh ntWik
<) Ijh ntWik

4. uhkDF j yFt. Ys ntWik cU bghU tJsJ.

m) bfhil

M) gif

) e

<) Kiw

kh dhf
m) wtadhf

1. nfhol lfis uf.

1. ulh ntWik cU

2. fU, fUjh Ma bghUf

3. Ijh ntWik tU cU

4. vlh ntWik

vd miHfbgW.
cU tU.
bghU tU.

bghU tU.

5. thF gift Rt bjhl cs F cU

bghU tJsJ.

6. Kj ntWikF

iy.

60

vD

2. bghUJf.

1. fhil mjh

Mwh ntWik brhYU

2. ia nghwt

bghUL

3. TbghUL ntiy

mj

4. vDila L

xj

viy

2.1. bghUJf.

1. Kj ntWik

isf fhif

2. _wh ntWik

f bga fg

3. Ijh ntWik

kujh brjJ.

4. VHh ntWik

mt ah?

il fodh.

M) FWdhf

1. ntWikahtJ ahJ? mj tiffis TWf.

2. ulh ntWik cU vbtbghU tU?

3. _wh ntWik cUf ahit?

4. fUjh vjid tifgL? rhW jUf.

5. ehfh ntWik cU ahJ? m~J vbtbghU tU?

6. Mwh ntWik xUikF tU cUf ahit? rhW jUf.

) bra l

1. E ghlgF cs ntWik cUfSl Toa bjhlfis bjhFf.

2. bjhFj ntWik cUfis tifgLJf.

tFgiwwf
m) ngRj w

fhQ jiy IJ kJf ngRf.

Mf jU ma ts

M) goj w

Gs gFia goJ ea czf.

uhkhDr fuha vgt yfz yt; e}YF fhoifiu flt.
xUKiw yt gy, mtUl yfzg ciuahobfhoUjd. yt xUt,
fuhal FYfuF X vLJfhL TWf vwh. fuha bjahJ vwh.
ts bga yfz yt FaYfu bjahJ vwhnu vW xUtiu xUt

61

ghJbfhld. iyikia czj fuha FaYfuF vLJfhLjhnd

nfOf. eh brhdJ vLJfhL iyah? bjahJ vD brh <Ys
cfu FaYfujhnd vwh. yt midtU, fuha brhyhia v
ajd.
) vGJj w

sguf / mf ghJ bghUSzJ dhfSF ilaf.

ntiyth
brid mikJs fbgw WtdF

tuntghsf njit
fjF : KJfiy Uthfa
jY MyY
jFjil ngr bjUj ntL.
nefhz : 15.09.2015 fhiy 10.00 k
zf ntoa Kft:

fiyth fa Wtd,
67, mikag bjU, brid - 600 002.

dhf
1. j sgu vjidgaJ?

2. ntiyth tHF Wtd vF mikJsJ?

3. zngh bgUfntoa jFf ahit?

4. nefhz vnghJ?

5. zF g bga vd?

<) fyJiuahLj w

IJ FGfshf JbfhSf. xbthU FG xbthU Jiw rhjid
gilj mPf thif tuyhiw bjhFJbfhL thUf; bjhFj
fUJfis tF fyJiuahLf .

(v.fh.) ya -

kUJt

bgha -

kfhf Ruka ghuah

KJyR mikah
RntRtuah

62

bkhw g
1.

kubjhlfis mikJ vGJj

(v.fh.) 1.

fzDF ntiy ilfiy, cznf jhs nghLwh.

jhs nghLj - kubjhluhF. j bghUshtJ, JggLj.

2.

KUfDF fW gnj ntiyahlJ. ( yhjjid brhYj)

3.

ghntj ghujhr jya th bfhofo gwjh.

( jfnHhL thjh)

4.

jh gzij UliybaW fz Kjiyf tojh.

(bghahf mGj / VkhWj )

5.

br bjkh? ntyDF Miz tJlJ. (ntiy ilJlJ.)

g : fhQ kubjhlfis ca lf bghU vGJf.

(jf, thiHaothiHahf, kiynalJ, bgUbryth, L JlJ)
m)

CUFF bjhlh tUwJ.

mt FLg

) futDF cy elgJ vJ bjahJ. mt xU

2.

3.

<)

Wtanyna bgfSF Ukz brtJ W

c)

KUf ifUj bghUis HJlh. mt

.
.

jbHfSFa mu vfis bghUJf.

1.

= 14

2.

= 19

3.

= 12

4.

= 10

5.

fLiu g : vF f vY f

g
ngU Tl u tjJ. fh itgjF lyhk midtU
mygLbfhL gaz brjd.
ngUJWj wnghJ, bgk xU, if xU FHij, L xU
FHijkh ngU Vdh. vgonah cns EiHj mt Xl Wbfhlh.

63

M) mYtyf ntiy neu ajdh fjDF

MdhY L Uj FHij Tl ber L mHbjhlaJ.

mU WbfhL Ujtf, Vkh cfhUwtf ahlahtJ
FHijia bfhLkh; yhlh ahiuahtJ vGUf brhYkh vW Td.
Mdh, ngU cfhUjtf ahU vGJ l juiy.
To ngRnth

1. ngU gaz brnghJ Jnghw ffis f flJlh?

2. ngUJgaz, c mU Katnuh khWwdhanuh Ujh

vGJ l bfhLghah?

thifw
Tjidw

fz wj fhgJ isahL u.
nfhilLKiw fhgJ
isahLfhd g tF nru Udh; bgnwhlK xj bgWlh.
vghuhjjkhf CUJ tj mtDila mij khkh nfhilLKiwia
jfnshLjh ffntL vW tWJwd. fzDF fhgJ
isahLgia LtjF kdiy; bgatf ngRF k bfhLf
Uwh.
j iy fz vd Ko vLUgh?
fz isahLF KDik bfhLghdh? bgatfis kghdh?
fshf Ujh vd brUf?

kf
khWwdhfis kj
KJrh vgt khWwdh. xUKiw, nehw j kidF kUJ
thFtjfhf CWnfhiy jobfhL filbjU elJ brWbfhoUjh.
kUJ thf itUj gz, ig csjh vW mtjfhf, mjid if vLjh.
v tJbfhoUj xUt, vghuhk mtiu oJL brwh. mnghJ
KJrh if Uj gz jt rhiy GjJ.
jLkha KJrh, nH cfhJ iffsh jlbfhL gzij njodhh.
j fhia mtiuneh tJbfhoUj g khzt Ut ghjd. mtfS
xUt knahL, vdFjh mjgz vW Tbfhnl vLf brwh.
kbwhUtndh, ntlh, ght. ghitaw mtiu eh VkhWj TlhJ. mtUF mj
gz ilf cj brnth, th vW miHjh.
uL egfS ah brjJ r?
rKjha khWwdhal eh vthW elJbfhSj ntL?

64

tsu braghLf
ngRj
braghL : 1

fyJiuahl

mJtU ydf Fj brfis uotJ

fyJiuahLf.

FGfshf J

vGJj
braghL : 2

Ffis J vGJj

ghujhr thifFf bfhLfgLsd. mFfisbfhL,

ciugFahf vGJf.
w : ghuahUl bfhl
beUa bjhldh,
ghujhr vd jbgaiu
mikJ bfhlh.

jij bgah
gFj jidfis
fij to jjt.
ghntj,
uf vd w
bgafS cL.

aa f :
ghoa gR, FLg sF,
Ul L, mH ,
fz u fha,
jaf Kjad.
w : 21. 04.1964

w : 29.04.1891
l : Jnr
abga : Rud
bgnwh : fdfrig - yF

braghL : 3

il vGJj
bfhLfgLs
ciugFia
dhfSF il vGJf.

goJ

gl
f fhQ gwit kufj
whthF. jeho nja gwitahf J
sFwJ. gwit kiHfhLfY, mlj
<ukhd lfY thwJ. gwit
wiff kufjgir w UF.
kufjwh,
gwgjidl
y
elgjidna f UwJ. gwit
ijf, gHf, gntWtifahd jhtufis

65

U cQ. gwit kuf TLfo, KilLwJ. gwit Kil

kr fyj btw fhzgL. gwit vjhf gHfToa tif
csJ.
dhf
1. jeho nja gwit vJ?
2. kufjwh vF thwJ?
3. kufjwh vjid U cwJ?
4. kufjwh Kil w ahJ?
5. uf. kufjwh, gwgjidl

UwJ.

gilghw
braghL : 4

gl tiuj

ghlgF mikJs brSF gl tiuf.

braghL : 5

gilghw

fhLf ghl lbgW ghlbghUSnfg va cz r xwid

tiuf.

(v.fh.)

jhtu

kh

bjhFj
braghL : 6

bral

gajU jhtuf, eik br yFf gwitf ga glfis,

brfis uo bjhFngL jahf.

66

fwyil WkL
kbg : 10
m. bghU jUf.

5x1=5

1. nrhiy =

2. td =

4. kwt =

5. y =

3. w =

M. fhQ ciugFia goJ dhfSF ilaf.

5x1=5

mUfis fhz brY RWyh gaf gy mU uho

kwd. _iff fyJ G mU aifahf Ffhk,
braif ntbghUfis (nrh, h) Ff gagLJwd.
mF thG fhLyFf aif iu Fof ayhj iyF
jsgLwd. khrila ehnk fhuzkhf Unwh.

k mig jLj, whWf njhw fhuzkhf Uj, bjh

tsF cjj, kUJ bghUf, _iff jUj vd vzw
eikf ekF fhLfsh ilwd. fhL yFflUJ jj,
njh, eWkzbghU, nj Kja gtif bghUf ilwd.
dhf

1. mU khrila fhuz vd?

2. ah vjid klF fhLf csd?

3. jhtuf ekF vthW cjwd?

4. fhLyFfdh ekF is eikf ahit?

5. jhtufis ghJfhF tKiwfS ulid TWf.

67

th gwF gwitnah J ndh iyfis

khRgLJtiy. ku tsngh; kiH bgWnth vgjid
mJsh myth? ah vo xU gF msnt fhLf csd.
it kiHtu fhuzkhf csnjhL kLkyhk, tdyFfSF
flkhf csd.

vdh Ko, ehnd brnj

(I can, I did)
khzt fw braghLf gntL
ghl :
t.v

eh

ghl v

ghljiy

68

braghL

Fiu