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Cosmosworks-Dao Chi Lang
Cosmosworks-Dao Chi Lang
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
[Year]
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
*O CHI LNG-DCL*
A. C s ca cc phn tch
Phn ny cung cp cc c s l thuyt cn thit s dng COSMOSWorks, gii thch
v cng vic phn tch, nhng gi thit c s v d on kt qu. Phn ny cng m t
tm tt cch thc thc hin cc phn tch.
Bn khng nn quyt nh cc vn v thit k m ch da n thun vo cc kt qu
tnh ton ca COSMOSWorks. Hy dng cc kt qu ny kt hp vi d liu thc
nghim v kinh nghim thc tin. Ch c thc nghim mi lm cho thit k ca bn c
hiu lc. COSMOSWorks gip bn tit kim thi gian v chi ph bng cch gim s
lng thc nghim ch khng loi b thc nghim.
Chng ta s tho lun v nhng vn sau:
Phn tch tnh tuyn tnh
Khi ngoi lc tc ng ln mt vt, vt ny s b bin dng v lc s truyn qua ton b
vt. Ngoi lc s lm sinh ra ng lc v phn lc a vt tr li trng thi cn bng.
Cc nghin cu tnh tuyn tnh s tnh ton cc chuyn v, sc cng, ng sut v phn
lc di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
Cc nghin cu tnh tuyn tnh thc hin da trn cc gi thit sau:
Gi thit tnh: Tt c cc lc tc ng chm v tng dn cho ti khi t cng .
Sau khi t cng , lc s gi khng i theo thi gian. Gi thit ny cho php ta
b qua cc lc qun tnh v gim chn do khi gia tc v vn tc nh th cc lc ny l
khng ng k.
Trng hp cc lc tc ng thay i theo thi gian, c th gy nn cc lc qun tnh
hoc gim chn ln, ta phi tnh ton trong cc phn tch ng. Cc ti ng thay i
theo thi gian v trong nhiu trng hp gy nn cc lc qun tnh hoc gim chn ln
khng th b qua th khng p dng gi thit tnh c.
Lu :
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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Cc iu kin bin khng thay i trong qu trnh chu ti. Ti phi bng hng s
v cng , hng v phn b. Chng khng thay i khi m hnh b bin
dng. (iu kin bin bao gm ti trng v cc rng buc i vi cu trc, nh
bn l, ngm, nhit ... Gi thit ny cng nhm n gin ha tnh ton ch
thc t khng bao gi nh vy, chng phi thay i khi m hnh bin dng.)
Nh vy, ta ch p dng phn tch tnh tuyn tnh nu cu trc c vt liu l tuyn tnh
v ti ch gy bin dng nh cho cu trc . May thay, phn ln cc bi ton sc bn
trn thc t u tha mn 2 iu kin ny v ta c th p dng tnh ton cho phn
ln kt cu.
Mt s nh ngha c bn
Cc ng lc bn trong vt s thay i t im ny n im khc. Thng qua mt din
tch nh bt k, lc tc ng t bn ny sang bn kia din tch ny. ng sut l i
lng xc nh cng ng lc ny (lc trn n v din tch).
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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----------------------------------------------------[1] C th hiu cu trc t gim chn l cu trc c cng vng cao v t chu bin
dng di tc ng ca ngoi lc. Cu trc ny rt d b tn thng di tc ng ca
ti trng ng d nh. V d: mt bn knh rt d v nu b mt vt cng khc kh nh
ri vo, khi , ti trng ng c th ln gp hng chc ln trng lng tnh ca vt
cng, nn sc lm v mt bn.
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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2. Gn vt liu cho tng solid[2] v shell[3]: right-click biu tng ca tng i tng
v chn Define/Edit Material[4].
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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Lc tp trung
p sut
Cc chuyn v bt buc khc khng
Cc lc t thn (trng lc v/hoc ly tm)
Nhit (xc nh nhit hoc ly cc profile t cc phn tch nhit)
Cc ti nhp t COSMOSMotion
Nhit v p sut nhp t COSMOSFloWorks
SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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SX = ng sut php X
SY = ng sut php Y
SZ = ng sut php Z
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Cc ng sut chnh
Cc thnh phn ng sut ph thuc vo hng m chng c tnh ton. Vi
mt s trc ta quay no , cc ng sut tip (ct) c th bng khng.
Cc ng sut php cn li c gi l cc ng sut chnh. Cc hng lin kt
vi cc ng sut chnh c gi l cc hng chnh.
Cc ng sut Von Mises hoc cc ng sut tng ng
ng sut von Mises hoc tng ng l mt ng sut c tnh ton t cc
ng sut thnh phn. Mc d ng sut von Mises ti mt nt khng xc nh
duy nht trng thi ng sut ti nt ny, nhng n mang li thng tin thch
hp nh gi mc an ton ca thit k vi nhiu loi kim loi do.
Khng nh cc ng sut thnh phn, ng sut von Mises khng c hng.
N ch n thun xc nh cng ng sut. ng sut von Mises c
dng nh gi kh nng b ph hy ca cc kim loi do.
ng sut von Mises c tnh ton t su thnh phn ng sut nh sau:
VON = {0.5 [(SX -SY)^2 + (SX-SZ)^2 + (SY-SZ)^2] + 3(TXY^2 + TXZ^2
+ TYZ^2)}^(1/2)
Hoc tng ng, t ba ng sut chnh,
VON = {0.5 [(P1 - P2)^2 + (P1 - P3)^2 + (P2 - P3)^2]}^(1/2)
E. To li
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SOLIDWORKS-COSMOSWorks
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I. C s ca vic to li
Php phn tch phn t hu hn (Finite Element Analysis - FEA) cung cp
mt k thut s ha ng tin cy phn tch cc thit k k thut. Qu
trnh ny c bt u vi vic m phng hnh dng hnh hc ca m hnh.
Sau , chng trnh s chia m hnh thnh nhng phn nh c hnh dng
n gin (gi l cc phn t) lin kt vi nhau ti cc nt (cn gi l node).
Cc chng trnh phn tch phn t hu hn xem m hnh nh mt mng
li cc phn t ring r c lin kt vi nhau.
Phng php phn t hu hn (The Finite Element Method - FEM) s d
on phn ng ca m hnh bng cch kt hp thng tin c c t tt c
cc phn t to nn m hnh ny.
To li l mt bc c tnh quyt nh trong cc phn tch thit k. Qu
trnh to li t ng trong COSMOSWorks sinh ra li da trn kch c
phn t chung, mc sai lch v cc c im kim sot li. Vic kim sot
li cho php bn xc nh c cc phn t cho cc chi tit my, cc b mt,
cnh v nh.
COSMOSWorks c lng c phn t chung cho m hnh vi s lu tm ti
th tch, din tch b mt v cc yu t hnh hc khc. C ca li c to
ra (s nt v phn t) ty thuc vo hnh dng v kch thc m hnh, c
phn t, dung sai li, ch kim sot li v iu kin tip xc. giai
on u ca phn tch thit k, khi m cc kt qu gn ng l tm chp
nhn c, bn c th xc nh mt c phn t ln hn tnh ton nhanh.
Vi nhng bi ton cn c chnh xc cao, c th cn ti c phn t nh
hn.
Vic to li sinh ra cc phn t t din 3D solid v cc phn t tam gic 2D
shell. Bn c th s dng kt hp c hai kiu li ny. Cc phn t shell
ng nhin l ph hp vi nhng m hnh mng (chi tit tm mng).
II. Li Solid
Trong vic to li mt m hnh part hoc assembly bng cc phn t solid,
COSMOSWorks to ra mt trong cc kiu phn t sau, da trn cc ty chn
li c kch hot:
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III. Li Shell
Khi nim
Khi dng cc phn t shell, COSMOSWorks to ra mt trong nhng kiu
phn t sau y, ty thuc vo cc ty chn c kch hot trong hp thoi
Mesh Options:
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F. M hnh li
Bn c th to li cho m hnh solid bt k vi cc phn t t din. Tuy
nhin, to li cho nhng m hnh mng bng cc phn t solid s sinh ra
mt s lng rt ln cc phn t, do bn phi dng cc phn t c nh. Vic
dng cc phn t c ln s lm gim cht lng li v dn n sai lch cc
kt qu. Li shell l s la chn tt yu cho cc chi tit v mng v tm
kim loi. Cc m hnh surface cng ch c th c to li vi cc phn t
shell.
COSMOSWorks to ra mt li lin tc trn cc cnh chung gia cc b mt
(ton b hoc cc b). V d, hy xem xt hai m hnh shell trong hnh minh
ha:
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I. Cc vn v m hnh li
Khi bn to mt nghin cu, bn s xc nh kiu li l solid, shell hoc
hn hp trn c s hnh dng hnh hc ca m hnh.
1. Cc nghin cu thun shell:
2. Cc nghin cu li hn hp:
Nu bn chn kiu Mixed mesh khi to nghin cu, bn c th phi hp cc
phn t solid (t din) vi cc phn t shell trong cng mt nghin cu.
II. To mt nghin cu li hn hp vi cc m hnh solid part:
1. To mt nghin cu vi Mesh type t l Mixed mesh. Cc th mc
Solids v Shells xut hin trn cy.
2. To tt c cc shell thch hp bng cch right-click th mc
ShellsDefine by Selected Surfaces. v chn
3. Xc nh vt liu, chiu dy v cng thc cho tng shell.
4. To li v chy nghin cu ri xem cc kt qu nh bnh thng.
III. Gn cc vt liu
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IV. t cc chiu dy
Shell mesh using mid-surfaces. Chng trnh t ng chch xut v
gn chiu dy ng nht cho cc b mt. Dng cng thc Thin.
Shell mesh using surfaces. Mi khi bn to mt shell trn mt b
mt hoc surface, mt bng thuc tnh s xut hin cho php bn t
chiu dy v chn cng thc Thin hoc Thick. Mt biu tng c
to trong th mc Shells cho mi shell. Mi shell c th c mt chiu
dy, vt liu v cng thc thin hoc thick ring.
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Khi to mt shell, bn c th chn cng thc tnh shell l thin hoc thick.
Cc shell c th p dng cng thc thin khi t l gia chiu dy v cc kch
thc khc nh hn 0.05.
Cc shell hnh T v giao nhau.
Trong khi vic nh hng cc shell trn cc chi tit tm mng c thc
hin mt cch chnh xc th phn mm li khng th thc hin c nh vy
vi cc shell c hnh T hoc giao nhau. Trong nhng trng hp ny, nhiu
cnh s c nhng phn t khng thng hng. Kt qu l cc im ng sut
khng nm chnh xc trn cc cnh .
VII. Xem cc kt qu ng sut cho shellHp thoi ca cc biu v danh sch cc
kt qu ng sut cho php bn chn mt trong cc ty chn sau:
VIII. Ti lp li
Bn c th dng mt li cho nhiu nghin cu xem xt nh hng ca nhiu loi
vt liu, ti trng v khng ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin, xem xt nh hng ca hnh
dng hnh hc, bn phi ti lp li v chy li nghin cu sau khi lm thay i hnh
dng. Li mi s c dng chy li nghin cu ny. Nu bn vn mun xem li
c v cc kt qu lin quan vi chng th n b thay th bng li mi v cc kt
qu mi.
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Cc tham s to li
Li c to bng cch right-click biu tng Mesh trong COSMOSWorks Manager
v chn Create. Li c to thy thuc vo nhng yu t sau:
Automatic Looping
Ty chn ny t ng sa li li cho m hnh bng mt c li v dung sai nh hn.
Bn c th kim sot s lng tam gic cc i cho php v t l gim c phn t v
dung sai sau mi vng tnh lp.
Kch hot v thit lp cc ty chn automatic looping:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn
Create.Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin.
2. Click Options.Hp thoi Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c chn.
3. Di Automatic looping, lm nh sau:
4. Click OK.
Cc ty chn to li
Cc ty chn li l nhng yu t cn thit xc nh cht lng li v do vy,
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Jacobian check thit lp s im tch phn dng trong vic kim tra mc
mo ca cc phn t t din bc cao.
Automatic transition t ng p dng cc kim sot li i vi nhng c
im nh (l, gc ln). Hy hy kim Automatic transition trc khi to
li cc m hnh ln c nhiu ngc ngch v chi tit nh trnh sinh ra s
lng phn t qu ln hn mc cn thit.
Ty chn Smooth surface, khi c kim, to ra s dch chuyn nh cc nt
bin ci thin li. Nn dng ty chn ny trong a s trng hp.
Automatic looping t ng to li li vi c phn t nh hn. Bn kim sot
s phn t ti a cho php cng nh t l gim c phn t v dung sai sau mi
ln.
Thit lp mu cho cc b mt di ca cc phn t shell s gip bn dng
thng cc phn t ny.
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Chng trnh tnh ton c phn t (Ei) cho thnh phn theo phng trnh: Ei = G - (GCi) f.
y, (f) l v tr ca thanh trt, vi f = 0 ti cc tri v 1.0 ti cc phi. Phng trnh
ny tnh ton cc c phn t nh hn cho nhng thnh phn nh hn, v (G) lun lun
ln hn (Ci). Quan h ny c th minh ha nh sau:
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Hoc nu mun p dng cc phn t khc nhau cho tng thnh phn da trn th tch
ca chng:
5. Click OK.
X. To li vi cc kiu tip xc
Cc phn tch tip xc
Cc phn tch tip xc xc nh s tc ng qua li gia cc phn bin ca nhng thnh phn m ban
u tip xc hoc s tip xc khi chu ti. Chc nng tnh ton tip xc c th s dng trong cc ti
liu assembly v part a khi. Chc nng ny s dng cho cc nghin cu tnh hc, cng hng, mt n
nh, nhit hc, phi tuyn v th nghim ph hy. Chc nng tnh ton tip xc h tr cho cc m hnh
solid cng nh shell. Biu tng Contact/Gaps xut hin trn biu tng Mesh trong COSMOSWorks
Manager. Bt k s thay i kiu tip xc no cng i hi phi ti lp li cho m hnh.
Trnh n chut phi cung cp nhng ty chn sau:
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M hnh ban u
a. No Penetration. Ch dng c vi cc nghin cu tnh, th nghim ph hy v phi tuyn. Kiu tip
xc ny ngn s thm nhp gia cc i tng v cho php c khe h. y l ty chn tn nhiu thi
gian nht. Chng trnh s to ra li tng hp ti tt c cc vng tip xc. Cc nt thuc cc chi tit
cc nhau c dng trng vi nhau trong vng tip xc. Chng trnh s to mt phn t h ni tng
cp im trng nhau ny (im ni im - Node to Node). Phn t khe h ny ngn s thm nhp
nhng cho php m rng khe h gia hai nt.
Vi cc nghin cu tnh, chng trnh s dng mt h s ma st xc nh trong cc thuc tnh ca nghin
cu ny. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, khng xc nh lc ma st. Hy dng ty chn tip xc cc b
xc nh h s ma st.
b. Bonded. Kh dng cho tt c cc kiu nghin cu. Chng trnh s gn cc i tng li vi nhau.
Cc i tng c th tip xc hoc cch nhau mt khe nh. Chng trnh s thng bo nu khe h gia
hai i tng c gn ln hn c phn t trung bnh ca cc phn t lin kt. Ch cn ti lp li cho
nhng i tng tip xc trong kiu tip xc ny.
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c. Free (No Interaction). Kh dng vi nhng nghin cu tnh, phi tuyn, cng hng, n nh v ph
hy. Chng trnh s xem cc b mt l c lp vi nhau. Vi cc nghin cu tnh v phi tuyn, cc ti
trng c php gy ra s thm nhp gia cc chi tit. Vic dng ty chn ny c th gim thi gian tnh
ton nu p dng cc ti khng gy ra s thm nhp. Khng c dng ty chn ny tr khi bn chc
chn rng cc ti s khng gy ra s thm nhp. Biu bin dng vi h s t l bng 1 cho thy s
thm nhp. Ch c cc i tng tip xc mi cn ti lp li.
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Lu : Mt biu tng bo li xut hin cnh biu tng Mesh khi bn thit lp iu kin tip xc chung.
Khi bn chy nghin cu, COSMOSWorks s t ng ti lp li trc khi thc hin chy nghin cu.
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H ta De Cartes
3. Dng cc trc tham chiu
Mt trc tham chiu xc nh mt h ta tr nh hnh minh ha. Cc trc tham chiu thng c
dng v cn thit xc nh cc rng buc hng knh v tip tuyn.
H ta tr
4. Cc rng buc
Bng thuc tnh Restraints cho php bn quy nh cc chuyn v khc khng cho cc nh, cnh hoc b
mt dng cho cc nghin cu tnh, cng hng, n nh v phi tuyn.
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t rng buc:
1. Trong mt nghin cu, right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Restraints (hoc click Restraints
trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads, hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraint, Restraints).
Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut hin.
2. t mt trong nhng kiu rng buc Type sau:
Fixed: c nh
Immovable (No translation): khng tnh tin
Symmetry: i xng
Roller/Sliding: ln/trt
Hinge: bn l
Use reference geometry: dng hnh dng tham chiu
On flat face: trn mt phng
On cylindrical face: trn mt tr
On spherical face: trn mt cu
Ty chn soft spring c th dng nh mt cng c chun b n nh nghin cu. Khng nn dng ty
chn ny trong nghin cu cui cng. Ty chn IIertia relief flag c th dng trong mt s trng hp,
khi cc ti trng bn ngoi cn bng.
a. Cc rng buc thch hp cho m hnh solid
S bin dng ca m hnh solid hon ton c xc nh bi ba tnh tin ca mi node. C chuyn ng
quay ca m hnh solid cng hon ton c xc nh bi nhng tnh tin ca cc node ny. Cc iu
kin rng buc Immovable v Fixed l nh nhau i vi cc phn t solid.
V d: Kho st m hnh solid ca mt khi hp ch nht:
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Cc rng buc Fixed v Immovable hon ton nh nhau i vi li solid nhng khc nhau i vi li
shell. V d di y s minh ha s khc nhau ny i vi li shell:
Kho st mt tm mng c gi hai cnh i din. Mt p sut ng hng c t ln li shell
ca m hnh ny.
Cc s di cho thy hnh dng bin dng ca shell ny khi dng rng buc Immovable v Fixed.
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thc t (v) ti mi node t cng thc: v = r. , y, r l khong cch t node ny n trc tham chiu.
Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
Vi v d:
B mt l tr c chn c th quay hoc di chuyn dc theo trc. Mi tn l nhng chuyn ng
c php:
Xem xt vic lp rp chic vng hnh 1 vo trong chic vng hnh 2. Chic vng trong (Hnh 1) c
ng knh ngoi 18.2 cm v lm bng mt vt liu n hi. Chic vng ngoi (Hnh 2) c ng knh
trong l 18 cm v lm bng mt vt liu cng. lp rp chng nh hnh 3, hy gn mt dch chuyn
hng knh trn b mt ngoi ca vng trong bng -0.1 so vi trc tham chiu:
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Dng mt b mt m hnh
Bn c th dng mt b mt phng ca m hnh lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th
quy nh cc dich chuyn trong cc hng 1 v 2 v php tuyn ca b mt ny. Vi cc li shell, bn
cn c th quy nh cc chuyn ng quay theo ba hng trn.
Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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Bn c th dng b mt m hnh (face 1) lm tham chiu t s dch chuyn cho cc b mt chn face 2 & 3
dc theo hng 1 (Dir 1) bng khng. Khng xc nh cc dch chuyn theo hai hng cn li (Dir 2 v Normal):
Mt cch d dng dng kiu On flat face l t dch chuyn theo php tuyn bng khng.
S dng mt cnh ca m hnh
Bn c th dng mt cnh thng ca m hnh lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc. Bn c th quy
nh s dch chuyn theo hng ca cnh ny. Vi cc li shell, bn cn c th xc nh chuyn ng
quay quanh cnh ny.
Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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V d, b mt c chn (mu xanh l cy) di chuyn mt khong 0.5 cm theo hng c xc nh bi cnh c
chn (xanh l cy). Dng Preview xem hng ny. Dng mt gi tr m -0.5 cm o hng:
On Flat Face
Bn ch c th dng ty chn ny khi tt c cc b mt c chn u phng. Mi b mt ny u c th
lm tham chiu p dng cc rng buc i vi cc hng ca chnh chng (Direction 1, Direction 2 v
Normal).
Bng di y tm tt cc thuc tnh ca kiu rng buc ny:
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Vi v d:
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Cc v d:
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M hnh bnh xe kp. Bn c th dng ty chn On cylindrical faces thit lp cc dch chuyn
hng trc (mu ) v hng knh (xanh lc) bng khng. Ci cht ch cn quy t do theo phng chu
vi (xanh lam):
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Cc hng bn knh, kinh tuyn v v tuyn ca mt mt cu c minh ha trong hnh bn. Dng
Preview xc nh cc hng kinh v v tuyn:
V d:
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M hnh ny i xng qua hai mt phng. Bn c th phn tch mt phn t m hnh. Hy p dng kiu rng buc
Symmetry cho cc b mt i xng ny:
Di y l m hnh i xng trc. phn tch m hnh ny, bn c th dng mt mi ca n. Hy p dng kiu
rng buc Symmetry cho cc b mt i xng ny. Mc d v l thuyt, c th dng mt mi c gc bt k, nhng
dng mi c gc qu nh c th s to ra phn t xu ti cc nh nhn ca m hnh:
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Roller/Sliding (Ln/Trt)
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Dng rng buc Roller/Sliding quy nh rng mt b mt phng c th tnh tin t do trong mt
phng ca n, nhng khng th tnh tin theo hng php tuyn. B mt ny c th co dn di tc
ng ca ti trng.
Hinge
Dng rng buc Hinge quy nh rng mt b mt tr ch c th quay quanh trc ca n. Bn knh v
chiu di ca b mt tr ny khng i di ti trng. iu kin ny tng ng vi kiu rng buc On
cylindrical face v t cc yu t radial v axial bng khng.
Ti trng
Pressure (p sut)
Bng thuc tnh Pressure t p sut ng p hoc bt ng p (thay i) ln cc b mt trong cc
nghin cu cu trc (tnh hc, cng hng, n nh v phi tuyn). p sut ng p tc ng theo mt
hng xc nh vi phn b khng i ln tt c cc b mt. p sut c th tc ng vung gc vi cc
b mt c chn hoc c th c nhiu hng khc nhau. V d, p sut thy tnh tc ng vung gc
ln cc b mt, trong khi tuyt trn mi nh li tc ng thng ng, cn gi th tc ng theo phng
nm ngang.
Cng ca p lc tng ng sinh ra bi p sut bng gi tr p sut nhn vi din tch b mt.
Tuy nhin, p lc thc t cn ty thuc vo hnh dng ca b mt v hng ca p sut. V d, phn lc
sinh ra do p sut thy tnh tc ng ln ton b mt b mt tr bng khng, do hnh dng ca b mt
ny.
p sut bt ng p c m t bng mt mt tch s v mt phn b p sut. Phn b p sut ny
c xc nh bi mt a thc bc hai trong quan h vi mt h ta tham chiu.
Lu : H ta ny phi c nh hng m t c s phn b trn b mt ch ch bng cc
ta x v y.
Pressure Type. Chn mt kiu p sut. oNormal to selected face. p dng p sut theo hng vung
gc vi tng b mt hoc cnh shell bn chn. Trong trng hp cc cnh shell, p sut ny tc ng
vung gc vi b mt hp (chiu dy) ca shell .
Use reference. p dng p sut theo hng c xc nh bi i tng tham chiu c
chn.
Lu : Trong mt ti liu assembly, bn ch c th dng cc mt phng ta v cc trc ca assembly
lm tham chiu. Bn khng th dng cc mt phng ta v cc trc ca part lm tham chiu.
Faces, Edges for Pressure: Chn cc b mt ca m hnh solid hoc cc cnh hay b mt ca
m hnh shell p dng p sut.
Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction: Chn cc i tng tham chiu xc nh hng tc
dng ca p sut. Ty chn ny ch xut hin nu bn chn Use reference.
Nu bn chn mt b mt phng hoc mt mt phng ta lm tham chiu, bn c th xc nh
hng p sut Along Plane Dir 1, Along Plane Dir 2 hoc Normal to Plane.
Nu bn chn mt b mt tr hoc mt trc lm tham chiu, bn c th xc nh hng p sut theo
Radial, Circumferential, hoc Axial.
Nu bn chn mt cnh, bn c th xc nh hng p sut dc theo cnh . i hng, hy nhp
mt gi tr m.
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Lu :
S phn b p sut bt ng hng c xc nh bi cc h s c trong mt a thc bc hai:
p(X,Y) = Value (A + B*X + C*Y + D*X*Y + E*X^2 + F*Y^2)
y:
p(X,Y) = cng p sut tc dng ln mt im c ta x v y
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Force (Lc)
Bng thuc tnh Force t cc lc, moment, hoc lc xon phn b u trn cc b mt, cc cnh v
cc nh trong nghin cu cu trc. Gi tr lc xc nh c p dng cho cc b mt, cc cnh v
cc nh ny.
t mt lc ln mt im trn mt b mt, bn cn tch b mt ny thnh mt im ri t lc ln
im .
Bn ch c th t cc lc khng phn b u ln cc b mt v cc cnh. Mt lc khng phn b u
c xc nh bi mt gi tr lc v cng lc. Gi tr lc c t bng tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca
lc p dng ln tng b mt v cnh. Cng lc c m t bng cc h s ca mt a thc bc hai
vi x v y trong h ta tham chiu, nh nu vi p sut thay i.
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Lu
S phn b ca lc phn b khng u c xc nh bi h ta tham chiu v cc h s ca mt a
thc bc hai.
F(X,Y) = Value (A + B*X + C*Y + D*X*Y + E*X^2 + F*Y^2)
y:
F(X,Y) = cng lc tc ng ln mt im vi cc ta x v y.
Value = gi tr nhp trong trng Value
X, Y = cc ta ca im ny trong h ta c chn.
A, B, C, D, E, v F l cc h s ca a thc
* l u nhn
Xc nh lc phn b u
Xc nh lc phn b u theo mt hng:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment.
3. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction , ri chn i tng thch hp xc nh
hng.
4. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force , ri chn b mt chu lc.
5. Chn n v thch hp Units .
6. Di Force (Per entity), lm nh sau:
Nu bn chn mt mt phng ta hoc b mt phng cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt
trong nhng thnh phn sau: Along plane Dir 1, Along plane Dir 2 hoc Normal to plane.
Nu bn chn mt cnh cho hng, hy xc nh gi tr lc dc theo cnh ny Edge.
Nu bn chn mt mt phng ta hoc b mt phng cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt
trong nhng thnh phn sau: radial, circumferential, hoc axial.
7. Click OK.
COSMOSWorks s p dng lc phn b u ny theo hng xc nh.
Xc nh lc phn b u vung gc vi mt b mt:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply normal force.
3. Trong vng ha, click b mt chu lc.
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4. Chn n v lc Units.
5. Trong hp Normal Force, nhp mt gi tr lc.
6. Click OK.
Xc nh lc xon phn b u:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply torque.
3. Click vo hp Faces for Torque ri chn mt b mt.
4. Click vo hp Axis, Edge, Cylindrical Face for Direction ri chn mt i tng xc nh hng.
5. Chn n v thch hp Units.
6. Di Normal Force/Torque (Per entity), xc nh Torque value.
7. Click OK.
Xc nh lc phn b khng u
p dng lc phn b khng u ln mt b mt theo mt hng:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment.
3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force ri chn b mt chu lc.
4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn mt i tng xc nh hng.
5. Chn n v thch hp Units.
6. Di Force, click thnh phn lc thch hp v nhp gi tr lc.
Nu bn chn mt b mt hoc mt mt phng ta cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong
nhng thnh phn lc sau: Along plane Dir 1Along plane Dir 2, hoc Normal to plane.
Nu bn chn mt cnh cho hng, hy xc nh gi tr lc dc theo cnh .
Nu bn chn mt trc cho hng, hy xc nh t nht mt trong nhng thnh phn lc sau:
radial, circumferential, hoc axial.
7. Kim Nonuniform Distribution.
8. Click vo hp Select Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta t vng ha hoc cy
FeatureManager.
9.Nhp cc h s m t s phn b lc v click OK.
p dng lc phn b khng u vung gc vi mt b mt:
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1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Force. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply normal force.
3. Trong vng ha, click nhng b mt bn mun t ti.
4. Di Units , chn mt h n v.
5. Di Normal Force , nhp gi tr cho lc.
6. Kim Nonuniform Distribution.
7. Click vo hp Select Coordinate System ri chn mt h ta trong vng ha hoc
FeatureManager.
8. Nhp cc h s ca s phn b lc v click OK.
S phn b khng u vi cc lc c hng thay i
Nu mt s phn b c xc nh nh l cc lc thay i hng trn mt phn ca cnh hoc b mt
nh hnh minh ha, chng trnh s t tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca cc lc bng gi tr c xc nh
trong bng thuc tnh.
Khi p dng mt lc phn b khng u c hng thay i (Hnh tri), hy tch i tng chu ti ti ni
lc i hng v t cc lc vo hai phn c tch (Hnh gia v Hnh phi).
Sa i lc
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc
tnh Force xut hin.
2.Thc hin nhng thay i cn thit.
3.Click OK.
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Lu : kho st tc ng ca trng lc v cc kiu ti khc trong cc tnh ton cng hng, bn phi
dng php gii Direct Sparse nh thng thng v kch hot Inplane Effect.
Xc nh trng lc:
1. Lm mt trong nhng thao tc sau:
Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Gravity.
Hoc Click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Gravity.
Hoc Click cng c Gravity trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads.
Bng thuc tnh Gravity xut hin.
2. Chn mt b mt phng, mt mt phng ta tham chiu, hoc mt cnh thng.
i tng tham chiu c chn xut hin trong hp Face, Edge, Plane for Direction di Selected
Reference.
3. Di Gravitational Acceleration, lm nh sau:
a. Chn mt h n v thch hp Units bn mun dng nhp cc gi tr gia tc.
b. Nhp cc gi tr cho nhng thnh phn gia tc.
Nu bn mun chn mt b mt hoc mt phng ta tham chiu, hy xc nh t nht mt trong
nhng thnh phn sau:
Along plane Dir 1 . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng 1 ca mt phng hoc b mt
c chn.
Along plane Dir 2 . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng 2 ca mt phng hoc b mt
c chn.
Normal to plane . Nhp gi tr ca thnh phn gia tc theo hng php tuyn ca mt phng hoc b
mt c chn.
Lu : trong mt ti liu assembly, bn ch c th dng cc mt phng v trc tham chiu ca assembly,
khng th dng ca part.
Nu bn chn mt cnh thng, hy xc nh:
Along Edge. Nhp gi tr ca gia tc theo phng ca cnh c chn. i chiu, nhp mt gi tr
m.
4. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh mt gia tc trng trng ph thuc thi gian.
Nu cn, di Variation with Time,chn:
Linear. dng mt ng thng thi gian mc nh i qua cc im (0,0) v (tend, Ai). y, Ai l
gi tr ca thnh phn th i ca gia tc c xc nh trong hpk Gravitational Acceleration v tend
l thi gian kt thc End time, c xc nh ti nhn Solution trong hp thoi Nonlinear.
Hoc Curve. bn t xc nh ng cong thi gian. Click Edit xc nh hoc nhp mt ng
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cong thi gian. Mi thnh phn gia tc u c tnh ton ti thi im bt k bng cch nhn gi tr xc
nh nu trn ca n vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian.
Graph. Hin th s ph thuc thi gian ca (cc) thnh phn gia tc.
5. Di Symbol Settings, lm nh sau:
a. Click Edit color thay i mu ca cc k hiu gia tc trng trng.
b. Click cc mi tn cun thay i c k hiu gia tc trng trng.
6. Click OK.
Lu : Bn c th nhc li cc th tc trn xc nh mt gia tc theo hng khc.
Sa i trng lc
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click trng lc bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng
thuc tnh Gravity xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit.
3. Click OK.
Lc ly tm
S dng bng thuc tnh Centrifugal t gia tc v vn tc gc cho m hnh trong cc nghin cu
tnh, cng hng, n nh hoc phi tuyn. COSMOSWorks s dng cc gi tr c xc nh ca gia tc
v vn tc gc cng vi khi lng ring tnh ton cc lc ly tm. Vi cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn
cn c th xc nh gia tc v vn tc gc thay i theo thi gian.
Xc nh ti ly tm cho m hnh:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Centrifugal. Bng
thuc tnh Centrifugal xut hin.
2. Trong vng ha, chn mt trc, mt cnh, hoc mt b mt tr xc nh hng cho lc ly tm.
Tham chiu c chn xut hin trong hp Axis, Edge, Cylindrical Face for Direction.
Lu : Lc ly tm lun lun c tnh theo mt trc i qua trng tm ca m hnh v song song vi
hng c chn.
3. Di Centrifugal Force, lm nh sau:
a.Chn n v bn mun dng nhp gi tr cho gia tc v vn tc gc trong Units . Cc n v kh
dng sn l : radians, cycles, v rpm (vng trn pht).
b. Nhp mt gi tr cho vn tc gc Angular Velocity . i chiu, kim Reverse direction.
c. Nhp mt gi tr cho gia tc gc Angular Acceleration . i chiu, kim Reverse direction.
5. Trong cc nghin cu phi tuyn, bn c th xc nh cc lc ly tm thay i theo thi gian bng cch
lin kt chng vi mt ng cong thi gian. Di Variation with time chn:
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Linear. Dng ng thi gian thng theo mc nh i qua cc im (0,0) v (tend, A). y, A
l gi tr gia tc/vn tc gc xc nh trong hp Centrifugal Force v tend l thi gian kt
thc End time xc nh trn nhn Solution ca hp thoi Nonlinear.
-hoc Curve. S dng ng cong thi gian do ngi dng xc nh. Click Edit xc nh hoc nhp
mt ng cong thi gian. Gia tc/vn tc gc s c tnh ton ti thi im bt k bng cch
nhn gi tr xc nh trn vi gi tr Y ca ng cong thi gian.
Graph. Hin th cc thnh phn lc ly tm thc t theo thi gian.
5.Click OK .
Sa i cc lc ly tm
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti ly tm bn mun sa i v chn Edit Definition. Bng
thuc tnh Centrifugal xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit.
3. Click OK.
Cc ti v rng buc t xa
Trong nhiu trng hp, ta khng quan tm ti cc kt qu trn mt s b phn, nhng tc ng ca n
ln nhng phn cn li ca m hnh th cn c xem xt. gi lp tc ng ca nhng b phn nh
vy ln phn cn li ca m hnh, bn s chn b phn ny li v p dng cc ti/rng buc t xa bn
ngoi m hnh. Vic s n gin ha m hnh bng cch tch b nhng thnh phn khng quan trng
m khng nh hng nhiu ti chnh xc[1].
Nh tn gi, cc ti v rng buc t xa c t ti cc v tr xa (bn ngoi m hnh) v truyn tc
ng ti cc b mt c chn.
Hnh di s minh ha ti t xa c th c dng nh th no thay th nm xoay v tay quay trong
mt assembly.
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Khng quan tm ti cc vt trung gian truyn lc: v d khng cn kho st bn ca tay quay hoc bnh rng m ch mun
bit kh nng chu ti ca trc.
Mt chi tit my (dm chng hn) c chiu di rt ln, chu ti mt u v ta mun bit ng sut ti u kia. Khi ta ch cn xy
dng m hnh mt on ngn ca chi tit ny ti ni mun xc nh ng sut v t ti t xa ni u kia ca chi tit m
khng cn dng y c m hnh.
Ti gi (Bearing Load)
Cc ti gi pht trin gia cc b mt tr tip xc nhau. Trong a s trng hp, chng c cng bn
knh. Cc lc gi sinh ra mt p sut phn b khng u ti cc mt tip xc. Chng trnh gi thit
rng p sut phn b theo hnh sin ln mt na b mt nh hnh minh ha.
Mt na b mt ny c xc nh bi mt gc Fi nh hn hoc bng 180 . (Sao t khng th chn
c k t Hy Lp nh).
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t cc lc gi ln nhiu b mt
Khi bn t mt lc gi ln nhiu b mt, COSMOSWorks s chia lc cho cc b mt ny trn c s
din tch v v tr na chu lc ( Fi nh hn hoc bng 180 ).
Mt lc gi s tc dng ln cc b mt tr c chn nh s minh ha di. Gi thit din tch
A1=A2 v A3=A4. A2 s chu lc ln hn A1 do n nm ti v tr c phn b lc cc i. Tng t, A4
chu lc ln hn A3. T l lc tc dng gia A1 v A3 bng t l din tch gia chng do cng c v tr
tng i trong na chu lc. iu ny cng tng t vi A2 v A4.
Hnh chiu cnh:
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Xc nh cc lc gi :
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/Restraint v chn Bearing Load. Bng
thuc tnh Bearing Load
2. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt tr. Cc b mt c chn xut hin trong hp Cylindrical
Faces for Bearing Loads.
3. Chn mt h ta t vng ha hoc trong FeatureManager.
H ta c chn xut hin trong hp Select a Coordinate system.
Lu : Trc Z ca h ta c chn phi trng vi trc ca cc b mt tr c chn.
4. Di Bearing Load, lm nh sau:
a. Chn mt h n v o Units.
b. Click X-Direction hoc Y-Direction v nhp mt hp thoi vo hp ny.
5. Click OK.
Shrink Fitting (Lp cht)
Ch lp cht (Shrink fitting) c s dng rt nhiu trong cc thit k k thut, khi lp mt chi tit my
vo mt l hi nh hn n. Do vy, s sinh ra mt lc vung gc vi cc b mt tip xc, chi tit my
bn trong b co li trong khi chi tit my bn ngoi b gin ra. Lng co v gin ny ty thuc vo thuc
tnh cc vt liu v hnh dng hnh hc ca cc chi tit my .
Lu :
xut hin.
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c kt qu chnh xc, din tch tip xc phi ln vt sai lch li. V d, chiu di b mt tr
hoc cu phi ln hn 0.1% ng knh lp rp.
Cc b mt tip xc khng buc phi l hnh tr.
Lp cht l mt iu kin tip xc cc b. Bn c th xc nh iu kin ny bng ty chn Shrink Fit
trong bng thuc tnh Contact Set. Lu rng bn cn ti lp li cho m hnh mi khi thay i cc iu
kin tip xc.
Hnh di minh ha iu kin lp cht gia ci hai vng. ng knh ngoi ca vng trong hi ln hn
ng knh trong ca vng ngoi. iu kin tip xc c xc nh gia b mt ngoi ca vng trong v
b mt trong ca vng ngoi.
Connector
Mt connector l mt c cu c xc nh kt ni mt b mt vi b mt khc hoc vi nn t. Cc
connector c gp rt nhiu trong thit k k thut. Vic s dng cc connector s n gin ha m
hnh. Trong nhiu trng hp, bn c th gi lp cc hot ng ca my mc m khng cn to ra cc
hnh dng chi tit hoc xc nh cc iu kin tip xc.
Bng thuc tnh Connectors cho php bn xc nh nhng kiu kt ni sau:
Rigid
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Mt s th thut
Nu cc b mt c lp cht tip xc nhau t ban u, bn phi dng iu kin tip xc Free.
Nu khng, chng s b gn cht vo nhau v cht s khng lm vic.
Do c cc vng cng, ng sut gn nhng vng ny c th khng chnh xc. Hiu ng ny gim
dn v bin mt trn thc t trong mt vng bng khong ng knh tnh t cc b mt tr.
c s m phng cht chnh xc hn, bn cn phi to ra ci cht v xc nh cc iu kin
tip xc thch hp.
Khi xem cc kt qu, lu t t l bin dng bng 1.0 m bo khng c s thm nhp gia
cc thnh phn khi chu ti. Khi thy c s giao nhau, cc kt qu l khng c gi tr. Bn c
th xc nh cc iu kin tip xc gia nhng b mt giao nhau loi tr kt qu phi thc t
ny trc khi chy nghin cu li.
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Stiffness ( cng)
Bolt (bu-lng)
Lin kt Bolt xc nh mt mi ghp bulon gia hai chi tit my hoc gia mt chi tit my vi nn.
Trong hnh minh ha l mt mi ghp bulon in hnh.
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o
o
o
o
Tight Fit. Dng ty chn ny nu bn knh thn bulon bng bn knh (cc) l tr tng ng
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Material
Lu : Chng trnh khng duy tr lin kt n th vin ny. N ch cho php c cc thuc tnh vt
liu khi bn chn. Nu sau ny bn sa i th vin ny, nhng thay i s khng cp nht cho
bulon.
Preload (Ti c trc, lc cng bu-lng c t trc)
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Sau khi cc in cc ri ra, vt liu nng chy ng c li, to thnh mt im hn nh hnh minh ha
di.
Hn tip xc lm vic tt vi thp carbon thp. Mi hn tip xc ca thp hp kim carbon cao c khuynh
hng b gin v d nt gy. Cc tm nhm mng cng c th hn tip xc do im nng chy ca n
thp hn ng.
Bn c th xc nh cc im hn hn hai b mt solid hoc hai b mt shell. Bn cng c th xc
nh iu kin tip xc No penetration
Lu : Hn tip xc ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu tnh, n nh v cng hng.
Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt hn tip xc Spot welds:
gia cc b mt ny m phng c thch ng.
Xc nh mt mi hn tip xc:
1. To cc im tham chiu nu cn.
2. Right-click th mc Load/Restraint v chn Connectors. Bng thuc tnh Connectors xut hin.
3. T trnh n th xung Type, chn Spot welds.
4. Trong Spot weld first face, chn mt b mt shell hoc solid.
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Connector - Link
Kt ni Link lin kt hai v tr bt k trn m hnh bng mt thanh cng hai u c khp bn l. Khong
cch gia hai v tr ny s gi khng i trong qu trnh bin dng. Kt ni Link kh dng cho cc nghin
cu tnh, n nh v cng hng. Bn xc nh tng v tr cho kt ni bng cch xc nh cc nh hoc
im tham chiu.
Di y l nhng mc cn thit xc nh kiu lin kt Link:
Vertex or point for the first location . Chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu lm v tr lin kt
th nht.
Vertex or point for the second location . Chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu lm v tr lin
kt th hai.
To mt kt ni link:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/RestraintConnectors. Bng thuc tnh
Connectors xut hin.
2. T trnh n th xung Type, chn Link.
3. Trong hp Vertex or point for first location, chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu.
4. Trong hp Vertex or point for second location, chn mt nh hoc im tham chiu khc.
5. Click OK.
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Dn nhit
Dn nhit l c ch truyn nhit m trong nhit nng c truyn t im ny n im khc thng
qua s tng tc gia cc nguyn t hoc phn t vt cht. S dn nhit sy ra trong th rn, th lng
v th kh.
Trong c ch dn nhit khng c s chuyn dch ca cht ti nhit. Cc cht kh dn nhit do s va
chm trc tip gia cc phn t chuyn ng v dn nhit ca chng thp so vi cc cht rn l do
mt phn t long hn. S dn nhit trong cc cht lng tng t nh trong cc cht kh, ngoi tr
trng thi phc tp hn ng k do cc phn t cht lng gn nhau hn rt nhiu v cc trng lc
phn t c tc ng mnh hn trong qu trnh trao i nng lng khi va chm. Cc cht rn phi kim
truyn nhit nh s rung ng ca mng phn t nhng khng c s chuyn dch vt cht vi t cch l
cht ti nhit. Cc kim loi dn nhit tt hn cc phi kim nhit thng thng do chng c cc in
t t do ti nhit.
Truyn nhit bng dn nhit tun theo nh lut Fourier, nh lut ny pht biu rng nng lng c
truyn do dn nhit Qconduction t l thun vi din tch truyn nhit (A) v gradient nhit (dT/dx),
hoc:
Qdn nhit = - K A (dT/dx)
y, K l h s dn nhit, phn nh kh nng dn nhit ca vt liu. n v ca K l W/m.oC hoc
(Btu/s)/in.oF. Vi lp phng nh hnh minh ha, nhit nng ca dn nhit c tnh bng:
Qdn nhit = - K A ( THot - TCold )/L
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sut thp, nhng c th tng hoc gim trong cc kim loi hoc cht lng.
Bng di y cho thy h s dn nhit (W/m. K) thay i theo nhit ( K) vi mt s vt liu:
i lu
i lu l kiu truyn nhit m trong , nhit c truyn gia mt b mt rn v dng cht lng (hoc
kh) chy qua. i lu c hai yu t:
C ch i lu c th gii thch nh sau: khi lp cht lng tip xc vi b mt nng, n s nng ln,
khin mt t trng gim xung (ti mt p sut khng i, t trng t l nghch vi nhit ) v lm lp
cht lng ny ni ln. Phn cht lng lnh hn (nng hn) gn b mt s thay th phn cht lng nng
v to thnh dng chuyn ng bn trong cht lng.
Nhit nng trao i gia cht lng c nhit Tfv b mtrn din tch A c nhit Tstun theo nh
lutNewton c th vit nh sau:
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Qi lu = h A (Ts - Tf)
y, h l h s truyn nhit bng i lu. n v ca h l W/m2.K hocBtu/s.in2.F. H s truyn nhit
i lu h ph thuc vo s chuyn ng ca cht lng, hnh dng v cc thuc tnh vt l, nhit ng.
Ni chung, c hai kiu truyn nhit i lu:
i lu t nhin (t do)
Chuyn ng ca cht lng st b mt rn l do lc y gy nn bi s thay i t trng ca cht lng
do chnh lch nhit gia b mt rn v cht lng. Khi lp cht lng nng tch khi b mt rn i ln
cht lng lnh i xung chim ch v nhn nhit, t trng ca n tng ln v v th, n li i ln.
i lu cng bc
Mt tc nhn bn ngoi nh qut hoc bm c dng tng tc dng chy trn b mt rn. Chuyn
ng nhanh ca phn cht lng trn b mt rn s lm tng chnh lch nhit v tng cng
trao i nhit.
H s i lu
nh lut Newton v trng thi lm lnh ni rng nhit nng trao i t mt b mt c nhit Ts n
dng chy bn trong cht lng c nhit Tf c cho bi phng trnh:
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Qi lu = h A (Ts - Tf)
y, h s trao i nhit i lu h c n v W/m2.KhocBtu/s.in2.F. H s h khng phi l mt thuc
tnh nhit ng. H s h thun ty ch lin quan n trng thi cht lng v cc iu kin dng chy, do
vy, n thng c gi l thuc tnh dng chy.
i lu c gn vi khi nim ca mt lp bin nh l mt lp mng chuyn tip gia mt b mt
c coi l nm st vi cc phn t khng chuyn ng v dng cht lng. iu ny c minh ha
nh sau:
y, u(x,y) l tc theo phng x. Vng bn di cnh ngoi ca lp cht lng, cnh ngoi c
xc nh bng 99% tc dng chy t do, c gi l lp bin cht lng c chiu dy d(x).
Mt hnh tng t cng c th dng m t s chuyn tip nhit t b mt rn n cht lng. Lu
rng dy lp bin nhit khng nht thit phi bng dy lp bin tc . Cc thuc tnh ca cht
lng to nn s Prandtl s quy nh dy tng i ca hai lp bin ny. Mt s Prandtl bng 1 c
ngha l hai lp ny bng nhau.
C ch truyn nhit thc t qua lp bin ny l dn nhit, theo phng y, qua cht lng tnh st b mt
rn, nhit lng dn nhit ny bng nhit lng i lu t lp bin vo cht lng. C th vit:
h A (Ts - Tf) = - k A (dT/dy)s
Do , h s i lu ca mt trng thi cho c th xc nh bng cch o nhit lng truyn qua v
chnh lch nhit hoc bng cch o gradient nhit lp bin.
o gradient nhit qua lp bin cn c chnh xc cao v ni chung ch thc hin c trong phng
th nghim. Nhiu s tay k thut c bng tra h s truyn nhit i lu cho cc cu hnh khc nhau.
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Bc x
Bc x nhit l nhit nng c pht ra t vt th di dng sng in t, do nhit ca n. Tt
c cc vt th c nhit trn khng tuyt i (khng K) u pht ra nhit nng. Do sng
in t truyn qua c chn khng, nn bc x khng cn vt trung gian. Hnh minh ha sau y
cho thy gii bc sng ca bc x nhit so vi cc bc x khc (tia X, tia gamma, tia v tr,
v.v):
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Cc nh ngha c bn v bc x
Di y l cc tn gi chung, c dng trong lnh vc bc x nhit v cc nh ngha ca
chng.
Vt en: Vt bc x l tng, pht ra v hp th bc x ti a ti mi nhit v bc sng.
Mt v d ca vt en l mt l h nh ca mt hc nng.
ri (Irradiation): Mc bc x i ti b mt theo mi hng, tnh trn n v din tch.
bc x (Radiosity): Mc bc x i ra khi b mt theo mi hng, tnh trn n v din
tch.
Hp th (
):
Phn bc x b b mt hp th.
Phn x (
): Phn bc x b b mt phn x. Phn x ca vt en bng khng.
Xuyn qua (Transmissivity - ):
Phn bc x xuyn thu qua b mt. COSMOSWorks gi thit
rng s xuyn qua ca bc x.
Tng quan gia hp th, phn x v xuyn qua ca mt b mt:
Cng sut pht x (E): Mc bc x pht ra t b mt theo mi hng tnh trn n v din
tch, n v ca E l W/m^2.
H s bc x (
):
T l gia cng sut pht x ca mt b mt so vi cng sut pht x
ca vt en ti cng nhit ,
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nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann
nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann pht biu rng tng cng sut pht x ca vt en, Eb, c cho bi:
y:
Ts = Nhit tuyt i ca vt en
Ta = Nhit tuyt i ca mi trng
Pht x t cc b mt thc
nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann i vi s trao i nhit bng bc x gia cc vt en v mi trng
c th hiu chnh dng cho cc b mt thc. Vi cc b mt khng phi l vt en, cng
ph bc x khng tun theo phn b Planck.
nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann c hiu chnh cho vt khng en (vt xm) thnh:
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Bc x gia cc b mt
Phng trnh c cp mc trc i vi mc trao i nhit bc x gia mt vt xm
vi mi trng c gi thit rng vt bc x nm trong mt vt en ln bao quanh (m t mi
trng). Do , tt c nng lng pht ra t vt bc x c gi thit rng u c mi trng
hp th ht.
Trong trng hp c hai vt bc x trao i nng lng, cn a vo h s bc x biu kin (F).
H s bc x biu kin ca mt b mt i ln b mt j l t l nng lng bc x t b mt i trc
tip chiu ti b mt j trn tng nng lng pht ra t b mt i. Vi nh ngha ny, s trao i
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Ai.Fij = Aj.Fji
Trong khi nhiu cun sch truyn nhit cung cp cc h s biu kin cho nhng din tch c hnh
dng n gin, th vic tnh ton h s biu kin cho nhng bi ton thc t li i hi rt nhiu
n lc, ngay c vi nhng my tnh mnh. Khi cn tnh ton h s biu kin gia hai b mt A v
B, COSMOSWorks coi mi b mt gm c nhiu din tch nh, c xc nh bi cc b mt
ca phn t hu hn. Sau , n tnh h s biu kin cho tng b mt phn t i vi mi b mt
ca cc phn t khc. Cc h s biu kin gia cc b mt phn t trn cng mt b mt hnh hc
cng c a vo cc tnh ton ny.
Mt b mt lm vi mt li thch hp c th t bc x. Cc b mt phng v li khng th t
bc x. Cc vn ny c phn mm t ng gii quyt.
Vt cn
Bc x gia hai b mt phn t c th b cn bi mt b mt phn t th ba. Trong trng hp
ny, h s biu kin bng khng. COSMOSWorks t ng xem xt cc vt cn gia cc b mt
xc nh nh hnh minh ha. Vi s quan tm thch hp i vi cc vt cn, bn phi la
chn cc b mt tham gia bc x. Trong v d di, cc b mt 3 v 4 che mt phn bc x gia
cc b mt 1 v 2. S c kt qu sai nu bn ch chn cc b mt 1, 2 v 3.
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Phn tch trng thi n nh nhit. Trong kiu phn tch ny, ta ch quan tm cc iu kin
nhit ca vt th khi t ti trng thi cn bng nhit m khng quan tm ti thi gian t
c trng thi ny. Ti trng thi cn bng nhit, nhit lng i vo mi im trn m hnh
ng bng nhit bng nhit lng i ra khi n. Ni chung, ch cn thuc tnh vt liu, vn cn
cho cc phn tch cn bng nhit, l dn nhit.
Phn tch nhit tc thi. Trong kiu nghin cu ny, ta mun bit cc trng thi nhit ca m
hnh vi t cch l hm ca thi gian. V d, ngi thit k phch nc nng bit rng nhit
nc trong phch cui cng ri cng s bng nhit trong phng (trng thi cn bng), nhng
anh hoc ch ta cn mun bit nhit nc trong phch nh l hm ca thi gian (s thay i
nh th no theo thi gian). Khi xc nh cc thuc tnh vt liu cho nghin cu nhit tc thi,
bn cn xc nh h s dn nhit. Ngoi ra, bn cn cn xc nh cc nhit ban u, Khong
thi gian cn tnh ton v gia s (bc) thi gian.
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TEMP = Nhit
GRADX = Gradient nhit theo phng X ca i tng tham chiu c chn
GRADY = Gradient nhit theo phng Y ca i tng tham chiu c chn
GRADZ = Gradient nhit theo phng Z ca i tng tham chiu c chn
GRADN = Gradient nhit tng hp
HFLUXX = Dng nhit theo X ca i tng tham chiu c chn
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y:
GRADN = [(GRADX)^2 + (GRADY)^2 + (GRADZ)^2]^(1/2)
HFLUXN = [(HFLUXX)^2 + (HFLUXY)^2 + (HFLUXZ)^2]^(1/2)
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Dng nhit
t mc nhit lng truyn qua mt n v din tch ca mt b mt xc nh.
Xc nh dng nhit:
1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintHeat Flux
Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Heat Flux
Hoc click Heat Flux trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads.
Bng thuc tnh Heat Flux xut hin.
2. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp.
3. Di Heat Flux, lm nh sau:
a. t h n v cho Units.
b. Nhp mt gi tr cho Heat Flux theo h n v chn.
c. xc nh mt cng dng nhit ph thuc thi gian, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp
hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian.Gi tr cng dng nhit ti thi im bt k c tnh bng
cch nhn cng dng nhit xc nh vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian ny. Ty
chn ny ch kh dng vi nghin cu nhit tc thi.
d. xc nh mt cng dng nhit ty thuc nhit , click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit
nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit .Gi tr cng dng nhit ti nhit bt k c tnh
bng cch nhn cng dng nhit xc nh vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit ny.
4. kim sot iu kin bin dn nhit bi mt b n nh nhit , lm nh sau:
a. Click Thermostat (Transient).
b. Chn mt nh xc nh v tr b cm bin nhit .
Chc chn rng click vo hp Sensor (select a vertex) trc khi chn mt im t b cm bin.
Nu khng, nh va chn s xut hin trong hp Selected entities.
c. Chn mt n v cho Lower bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr.
d. Chn mt n v cho Upper bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr.
5.Click OK.
Mt s th thut:
trong mt nghin cu nhit hc v chn v click v chn:
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Sa i dng nhit:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti dn nhit bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition.
Bng thuc tnh Heat Flux xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit.
3. Click OK.
Cng sut nhit
Cng sut nhit xc nh mc nhit nng sinh ra ti mt nh, cnh hoc b mt. Nu bn chn nhiu i
tng, chng trnh s p dng gi tr xc nh ny cho tng i tng . Gi tr ny ca ngun
nhit c th m hoc dng. Gi tr dng cho bit y l ngun nng v gi tr m cho bit y l
ngun lnh (hp th nhit).
Xc nh cng sut ngun nhit:
1. Lm nh sau: Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintHeat Power.
Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Heat power.
Hoc click Heat Power trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads.
Bng thuc tnh Heat Power xut hin.
2. Trong vng ha, chn cc nh, cc cnh,cc b mt hoc cc thnh phn thch hp.
3. Di Heat Power, lm nh sau:
a. t h n v thch hp cho Units.
b. Nhp mt gi tr cho Heat power theo h n v chn.
c. xc nh cng sut nhit ph thuc thi gian, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc
nh mt ng cong thi gian. Gi tr cng sut ti thi im bt k c tnh bng gi tr cng sut
xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian.
d. xc nh mt cng sut ph thuc nhit , click Use Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp
hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit . Gi tr cng sut ti nhit bt k c tnh bng gi tr cng
sut xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong nhit .
4. kim sot cng sut bng mt b n nh nhit , lm nh sau:
a. Click Thermostat (Transient).
b. Click vo trng Sensor v chn mt nh t cm bin nhit .
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Chc chn rng click vo hp Sensor (select a vertex) trc khi chn mt im t b cm bin.
Nu khng, nh va chn s xut hin trong hp Selected entities.
c. Chn mt n v cho Lower bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr.
d. Chn mt n v cho Upper bound temperature v nhp mt gi tr thch hp vo hp gi tr.
5. Click OK .
Sa i cng sut nhit:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click cng sut nhit bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition.
Bng thuc tnh Heat Power xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit.
3. Click OK.
Bc x
Tt c cc vt c nhit khc khng tuyt i u pht ra nng lng di dng bc x nhit.
Xc nh b mt bc x:
1. Lm nh sau:
Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintRadiation.
Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Radiation.
Hoc click cng c Radiation trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Thermal Loads.
Bng thuc tnh Radiation xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Surface to ambient.
3. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp.
4. Di Radiation parameters, lm nhp gi tr cho nhit mi trng Ambient Temperature.
v chn:
lin kt mt ng cong thi gian vi nhit mi trng, click Use Time Curve ri click
Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian. Gi tr nhit mi trng ti thi im
bt k c tnh bng gi tr nhit mi trng xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca
ng cong thi gian. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu nhit tc thi.
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t View Factor.
5. Click OK.
Xc nh bc x b mt n b mt:
1. Lm nh sau:
Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Load/RestraintRadiation.
Hoc click COSMOSWorks, Loads/Restraints, Radiation.
Hoc click cng c Radiation trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads.
Bng thuc tnh Radiation xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Surface to surface.
3. Trong vng ha, chn cc b mt thch hp.
4. xem xt s bc x ra mi trng i vi bc x b mt n b mt, click Open system, chn mt
h n v v nhp nghin cu mi trng Ambient Temperature.
lin kt mt ng cong thi gian vi nhit mi trng, click Use Time Curve ri click Edit
nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong thi gian.
Gi tr nhit mi trng ti thi im bt k c tnh bng gi tr nhit mi trng xc nh
nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca ng cong thi gian. Ty chn ny ch kh dng vi cc nghin cu
nhit tc thi.
5. t h s bc x Emissivity . lin kt mt ng cong nhit vi h s bc x, click Use
Temperature Curve ri click Edit nhp hoc xc nh mt ng cong nhit . Gi tr h s bc x
ti nhit bt k c tnh bng gi tr h s bc x xc nh nhn vi gi tr Y tng ng ca
ng cong nhit .
6. Click OK.
Sa i bc x nhit:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click ti bc x bn mun sa i v click Edit Definition. Bng
thuc tnh Radiation xut hin.
2. Thc hin cc thay i cn thit.
3. Click OK.
[1] H s bc x ph thuc vo vt liu, mu sc v bng b mt. Vt en tuyt i c h s bc x bng 1, vt phn x tuyt i c h
s bc x bng khng. Cc vt liu thng thng c h s bc x trong khong t 0 n 1.
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5. Click OK.
COSMOSWorks to ra nghin cu ny trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager.
Lu : du kim cnh icon Solids cho bit bn gn vt liu.
III. C nh hai l:
1. Click Restraints trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Restraint xut
hin. (Thit lp cc rng buc gip c nh m hnh di tc ng ca ngoi lc).
2. Di Type, chn Immovable (No Translation). (Kiu rng buc ny khng cho php i
tng c chn c th dch chuyn).
3. Trong vng ha, click cc b mt trong ca hai l nh minh ha. Face<1> v Face<2>
xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint.
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4. Click OK.
COSMOSWorks c nh cc b mt c chn ca hai l v to mt biu tng Restraint-1
trong th mc Load/Restraint ca cy COSMOSWorks Manager.
IV. t p lc:
1. Click Pressure trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Pressure xut
hin. Thao tc ny thit lp mt p lc ln b mt c chn.
2. Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face. (t p lc vung gc vi mt c
chn).
3. Trong vng ha, chn mt trc ca khi tr nh minh ha. Face<1> xut hin trong hp
Faces for Pressure.
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3. Click Run trn thanh cng c chnh ca COSMOSWorks. Qu trnh phn tch din ra v cc
biu mc nh c to trong cy COMSOSWorks Manager:
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Click Show/Hide Mesh trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Result Tools. COSMOSWorks s
thay i ch hin th li.
Sau khi chy phn tch thnh cng, COSMOSWorks s to ra cc th mc Stress,
Displacement, Strain, Deformation v Design Check trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager.
Nhng th mc ny c cha cc biu mc nh ca nghin cu tnh.
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Nu m phng c m hnh, khi phn tch, chng trnh s to mt li c rt nhiu phn t nh vi kch
c xp x chiu dy thnh bnh. Vic tnh ton vi s lng phn t qu ln s chim rt nhiu ti
nguyn ca my tnh v ko di thi gian tnh ton. Ngoi ra, iu ny c th lm ri lon chng trnh,
gy treo my hoc a ra kt qu thiu chnh xc. Bi ny gii thiu mt s th thut c th gip gim
dung lng tnh ton nhng vn cho kt qu ng tin cy:
Ch phn tch mt vng i din ca m hnh solid, bng cch thit lp cc khng ch thch hp
dng nh vn phn tch m hnh hon chnh.
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Do tnh cht v mng ca m hnh, ta s s dng chc nng to li shell v nng lc tnh
ton cho v mng ca phn mm, kt hp vi cc thit lp khng ch thch hp phn tch mt
phn khc in hnh ca m hnh. K thut ny gip gim khi lng tnh ton nhiu hn na,
tt nhin vn m bo chnh xc cn thit.
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh
Restraint xut hin.
2. t Type l Symmetry.
3. Click cng c Filter Faces trn thanh cng c Selection Filter.
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1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh
Restraint xut hin.
2. t Type l Fixed.
3. Trong vng ha, click nh nh hnh minh ha di:
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5. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri click Axis1 trn cy FeatureManager bay ra.
Axis1 xut hin trong hp ny.
6. Di Translations, click Circumferential v chc chn rng gi tr bng 0.
7. Click OK.
III. t p sut ln cc shell
Bn s t p sut vung gc ln cc shell ny.
1.Trn COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Pressure. Bng thuc tnh
Pressure xut hin.
2.Di Pressure Type, click Normal to selected face.
3.Trong vng ha, click ba b mt nh hnh minh ha:
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To mt nghin cu tnh:
1. MCrank.SLDASM (th mc ci t\Examples\ Crank.SLDASM).
2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager .
3. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tc Crank v click Study.
4. Trong Bng thuc tnh ny, di Name:
a. G Static-2.
b. Chn Solid mesh trong Mesh type.
5. Di Type, click Static.
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4. Click OK .
Bn s t lc 200 lb ln b mt ca bn p bn phi.
t lc ln b mt ca bn p bn phi:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v click Force. Bng thuc tnh Force
xut hin.
2. Di Type, click Apply force/moment.
3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Force ri click b mt ca cht CrankArm nh minh ha.
4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction , ri chn Plane1 ca assembly t cy Feature
Manager bay ra.
5. Di Under Units , chn English (IPS).
6. Di Force (Per entity):
a. Click Along plane Dir 1.
b. G 200 l cng lc.
c. Chn Reverse direction.
d. Hy Normal to plane .
7. Click OK . COSMOSWorks t mt lc 200 lb trn b mt c chn, xem minh ha:
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Theo mc nh, COSMOSWorks gi thit cc chi tit c gn cht vi nhau ti cc b mt tip xc.
Kiu tip xc mc nh ny xut hin cnh biu tng Contact/Gaps l (-Global:Bonded-).
To li cho t hp:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v chn Create. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut
hin.
2. thit lp cc ty chn li, click Options. Hp thoi Options xut hin.
3. Lm nh sau:
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4. Click OK.
Mt khi hnh dng m hnh c thay i, bn phi to li li.
To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Mt thng ip
cnh bo rng to li li s xa b ton b cc kt qu trc .
2. Click OK. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin.
3. Chn Run analysis after meshing.
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4. Click OK.
Xem ng sut von Mises:
Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, double-click Plot1 trong th mc Stress. Biu ng sut xut
hin. So vi biu trc thy c nhng thay i nh.
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3. Click Plot. Ca s biu Probe Result m ra. ng sut von Mises stress c v theo v tr bn
thm (s ca im). Biu ny khng th hin khong cch thc gia cc im.
4. ng ca s biu li.
5. Click Close hp thoi Probe.
6. Lu ti liu.
To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Mt thng ip
cnh bo rng to li li s xa b ton b cc kt qu trc .
2. Click OK. Bng thuc tnh Mesh xut hin.
3. Chn Run analysis after meshing.
4. Click OK.
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3. Click Plot. Ca s biu Probe Result m ra. ng sut von Mises stress c v theo v tr bn
thm (s ca im). Biu ny khng th hin khong cch thc gia cc im.
4. ng ca s biu li.
5. Click Close hp thoi Probe.
6. Lu ti liu.
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To v xc nh mt nghin cu tnh
1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ Contact\QuarterEyeBar.SLDASM). Bn cng c th
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xy dng
2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager.
3. To mt nghin cu phn tch tnh hc vi li solid. Sa i cc thuc tnh, v d nh gii
thut mc nh l FFEPlus.
4. Gn vt liu Alloy Steel t th vin ca COSMOS cho c hai chi tit.
5. t rng buc Symmetry trn 5 mt phng tip xc vi 2 mt i xng ca m hnh.
Bn phi xc nh iu kin tip xc cc b gia cht v khp trc khi to li cho m hnh.
Xc nh tip xc:
1. Tho ri t hp d chn cc b mt.
2. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set.
3. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Type:
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a. Chn No penetration.
b. Chn hai b mt ca khp cho Faces, Edges, Vertices for Source.
c. Chn hai b mt ca cht cho Faces for Target.
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2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut mc nh von Mises hin th.
3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Stress Plot xut hin.
4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
a. t Component l P1: 1st principal stress.
b. t Units l psi.
5. Click OK. Biu ng sut principal th nht hin th.
2. Nu cn, double-click biu tng Plot1 trong th mc Stress hin th ng sut principal
th nht khi tho ri m hnh.
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4. Lu ti liu.
5. Cc chi tit hn tip xc ca t
6.
Mi hn chm (cn gi l hn chp mch hoc hn tip xc) thng dng trong sn xut hng
lot cc cu trc hn tm mng nh thn t. Trong bi ny, bn s dng mi hn chm lin
kt trn v sn xe nh hnh minh ha. Trn xe chu lc vung gc cn cc sn xe c c
nh di sn.
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7.
8.
Trong bi ny, bn cng hc cch xc nh mi hn chm.
M ti liu Assembly: M COSMOSWorks\Examples \Car_Model.sldasm.
Ti liu assembly ny c nghin cu Sample c xc nh vi cc tham s sau:
Shell-1 v Shell-2 l cc b mt sn v trn xe.
Cast Stainless Steel l vt liu t th vin COSMOS Materials c gn cho c hai shell ny.
Mt khng ch Fixed c gn cho cc cnh y ca hai shell sn xe.
Mt lc 250 lbs t trn xung tc ng ln trn xe.
c thm thng tin v mi mc trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click mc v chn
Details.
nh ngha cc mi hn chm
Bn s xc nh hai ng hn lin kt trn v mi sn xe. to thun li cho bn, hai tp
hp im tham chiu c to sn dng cho vic xc nh cc mi hn.
nh ngha cc ng hn chm:
1. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Load/RestraintConnectors. Bng thuc
tnh Connectors xut hin.
2. t Type l Spot welds.
3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt mt sn xe nh hnh minh ha. B mt c chn xut
hin trong hp Spot weld faces th nht.
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9.
10.
4. Click vo hp Spot weld faces khc ri click b mt ca trn trong vng ha.
5. Click vo hp Spot weld locations ri lm nh sau:
a. Click du cng (+) cnh th mc Locations for Spot Weld 1 trong cy FeatureManager bay
ra.
b. Chn tt c cc im trong th mc ny. Cc im tham chiu xut hin trong Spot weld
locations.
c. Chn mm t trnh n n v ri g 3 cho hp Spot weld diameter.
6. Click Apply. COSMOSWorks s lin kt hai shell c chn theo ng hn chm c xc
nh qua cc im tham chiu v xa tt c cc hp chn cho php bn nh ngha cc mi
hn chm khc.
7. Vi kiu lin kt c chn ny, xc nh ng hn th hai lin kt trn vi sn xe cn
li, nh hnh minh ha. Dng cc im trong th mc Locations for Spot Weld 2 tham chiu.
Tt c cc im hn ny u c cng ng knh (3 mm).
11.
12.
8. Click OK.
To li cho m hnh v chy nghin cu:
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13.
14.
4. Lu cng vic ca bn v ng ti liu assembly.
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Vi nhng m hnh c c nhng phn c chiu dy ln v nhng phn khc c chiu dy nh,
vic s dng m hnh li hn hp cho php to li kiu shell cho nhng phn m hnh mng
v to li kiu solid cho nhng phn c ba kch thc tng ng. Th thut ny lm gim
ng k s lng phn t, nh vy lm tng tc tnh ton ln nhiu ln, nhng vn m bo
chnh xc cn thit cho cc kt qu.
To mt nghin cu vi li hn hp
Ghp v mng vo
B sung cc kt ni
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4. Trong bng thuc tnh, di Name, chn kiu li l Mixed mesh, ri click OK.
5. Right-click Study v chn Properties.
6. Trong hp thoi, di Solver, chn Direct sparse, ri click OK.
nh ngha tm mng:
1. Right-click Shells trong COSMOSWorks Manager v chn Define by Selected Surfaces.
2. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn b mt nh hnh minh ha cho Selection (Face).
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Xc nh v tr tip xc:
Khi bn dng mt li hn hp, bn phi gn kt tm mng vi khi solid.
1. Tho bung t hp tm mng tch ri khi khi solid. (Trong assembly ny to sn cng nhn
tho ri).
2. Trong COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set.
3. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn Bonded trong Type.
4. Chn cnh ca tm mng cho Faces, Edges, Vertices for Source.
5. Chn b mt hp di ca solid cho Faces for Target.
6. Click OK.
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Biu ng sut hin th trn hnh dng b bin dng hin thi ca m hnh.
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Lu : ng sut tp trung ni tm mng gp solid. Mt trn ca tm mng cho thy p sut ti ni tip
xc vi solid.
3. Right-click biu Stress v chn Define.
4. Trong bng thuc tnh, chn:
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Xem kt qu chuyn v:
1. Tri rng th mc Displacement v double-click Plot1.
2. Right-click biu Plot1 chn in cho Units.
Lu : khong cch gia cc im lin kt khng thay i, tc l nhng ch c "cng dy" hai gc
khng b vng di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
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4. Nu cn, click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri Plane 1 t cy FeatureManager.
Khng ch cnh ny theo phng Z.
5. Di Translations, click nt Along plane Dir 2 v chc chn rng gi tr 0 xut hin trong hp ny.
Khng kch hot hai hp khc cn li.
6. Click OK.
Tng t, bn khng ch cho Face 2 vi tham chiu Plane 1. Ln ny, t chuyn dch Along plane Dir
1 bng khng. Chc chn rng nhng hp dch chuyn khc khng b kch hot.
Tip theo, bn khng ch cnh trn ca tm khng cho chuyn ng theo hng trc ta Z.
Khng ch cnh trn:
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager , right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints.
2. t Type l Use reference geometry.
3. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for Restraint, ri click cnh trn ca tm nh hnh minh ha
trn.
4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri chn Plane1 t cy FeatureManager.
5. Di Translations, click Normal to plane v chc chn rng gi tr 0 xut hin trong hp ny.
6. Click OK.
t p sut: Bn s t p sut 1000 psi theo hng trc ta X.
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng Pressure xut
hin.
2. Di Pressure Type, click Use reference. m bo Along plane dir 1 c chn.
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4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction, ri click Plane1 trong cy FeatureManager.
5. Di Pressure Value, t Units l English (IPS) ri g 1000 vo hp gi tr Pressure Value.
6. Click OK.
To li cho m hnh v chy phn tch:
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Mesh v click Create. Bng Mesh xut hin.
2. Trong hp Global Size, g 1.5 (inches). Gi tr ln ca Global Size th hin sc mnh ca phng
php p-adaptive.
3. Chn Run analysis after meshing.
4. Click Options. Bng Options xut hin vi nhn Mesh c kch hot.
5. Lm nh sau:
a. Chn High, Standard, At Nodes v Smooth surface.
b. Hy Automatic transition v Enable automatic looping for solids.
c. Click OK.
Lun t Jacobian Check l At Nodes khi dng phng php p-adaptive.
6. Click OK.
Xem ng sut php theo hng trc ta X
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Stress. Plot1 xut hin.
2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Biu ng sut mc nh von Mises stress hin th.
3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v chn Edit Definition. Bng Stress Plot xut hin.
4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
a. t Component l SX: X Normal stress.
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b. t Units l psi.
5. Nu cn, kim Deformed shape, click Defined v g 1 vo Scale Factor.
6. Trong hp Property, kim Associate plot with name view orientation ri chn *Front t trnh n
th xung.
7. Click OK .
ng sut php theo phng trc X hin th trn hnh dng bin dng hin thi ca tm:
Xem cc biu hi t
T8o cc bi:u < h=i t>:
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Graph1 trong th mc Convergence Graph v chn
Edit Definition.
2. Trong bng thuc tnh, kim tt c cc hp ri click OK. Biu hi t ca tt c cc mc c chn
s hin th.
3. ng biu ny li.
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Kim tra cc kt qu
Bng di so sanh cc kt qu gii tch cho ng sut php ln nht theo trc X (SX) vi cc kt qu
dng v khng dng phng php p-method.
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Biu hi t:
1. Trn cy COSMOSWorks Manager, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Convergence Graph. Biu
Graph1 xut hin.
2. Double-click Graph1.
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Kim tra cc kt qu
Phng php 1:
s dng m hnh y gm hai dm ni tip nhau (xanh v vng).
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4. Click vo hp Face, Edge, Plane, Axis for Direction ri chn mt Front t cy FeatureManager (bay
ra).
5. t Units l English (IPS).
6. Di Force, click Along plane Dir 2, g 1000 v chn Reverse direction.
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3. Trong hp List Selected, click Update. ng sut php trung bnh c lit k l 59,996 psi:
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Gi tr m l b nn
5. Click Close.
Xem chuyn v theo phng thng ng
Bn to biu chuyn v phng thng ng theo trc Y (UY).
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks, click du cng (+) cnh th mc Displacement. Plot1 xut hin.
2. Right-click Plot1 v chn Show. Kt qu chuyn v hin th.
3. Right-click Plot1 ln na v click Edit Definition. Bng thuc tnh Displacement Plot xut hin.
4. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
a. t Component l UY: Displacement (Y-dir.).
b. t Units l in.
5. Hy Deformed Shape.
6. Click OK.
7. t li tn biu ny l UY.
Chuyn v theo phng Y c biu din trn m hnh khng bin dng:
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3. Trong vng ha, chn b mt Back Cantilever nh minh ha. Hy dng Select Other nu cn,
mt ny s pht sng nh minh ha:
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t lc t xa
Bn s t mt lc 1000 lb ti mt v tr nh minh ha di.
1. Click Remote Load trn thanh cng c COSMOSWorks Loads. Bng thuc tnh Remote Loads xut
hin.
2. Di Type, click Load (Direct transfer).
3. Trong vng ha, click mt mt cn li ca chi tit nh minh ha di. Face<1> xut hin trong hp
Faces for Remote Load.
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4. Di Remote Location, t Units l in v g 0.5, 0.5, v -20 vo X-, Y-, v Z-location tng ng. X,
Y, v Z xc nh v tr hin ti ca lc theo h ta chung.
5. Di Force, lm nh sau:
a. t Units l lb.
b. Click Y-Direction, nhp 1000 vo hp gi tr v chn Reverse Direction.
6. Click OK.
To li chi m hnh v chy nghin cu
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click biu tng Mesh v chn Create. Bng thuc tnh
Mesh xut hin.
2. Dng mt Global Size l 0.27151 v Tolerance l 0.013575 inch. Dng cng mt c li nh
phng php 1 bn d so snh cc kt qu ca hai phng php.
3. Chy nghin cu.
4. Click No nu c hi c chy phn tch vi ty chn chuyn v ln khng.
Xem v Lit k ng sut php
To mt biu ng sut php theo hng Z (SZ).
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Lit k UY ti mt mt t do ca dm:
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3. Click Update.
Hp thoi lit k tt c cc im kt hp vi mt c chn v cc thnh phn ca X, Y v Z ca lc ti
mi im. Hp thoi ny cng lit k lc tng theo cc hng X, Y v Z tc ng ln ton b b mt.
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4. Click Close.
So snh cc kt qu phn tch ca 2 phng php
Bng ny cho thy cc kt qu ca c hai phng php u ph hp vi gii tch chnh xc.
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To mt nghin cu tnh
1. M th mc ci t SW\ Examples\ Contact\RingShrinkFit.SLDASM hoc xy dng m hnh tng
t v a vo assembly.
2. Click nhn COSMOSWorks Manager.
3. To mt nghin cu tnh vi li solid.
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2. Trn nhn Options, t Solver l Direct sparse v kim Use inertial relief.
3. Click OK.
T8i sao ph?i dng ty chAn Inertial Relief?
Nu mt m hnh khng c rng buc y th mt lc nh cng c th lm m hnh chuyn ng
cng t do. Ngay c trong trng hp p dng cc lc cn bng th php tnh gn ng cng c th
to ra s mt cn bng nh. Khi dng ty chn ny, chng trnh s t ng p dng cc lc chng
li s mt cn bng cc lc bn ngoi. Khi bn kim ty chn ny, chng trnh s vn chp nhn, cho
d cc rng buc m hnh l cha y .
Gn cc thuc tnh vt liu
Bn s gn cc thuc tnh vt liu ca ngi dng nh sau cho c 2 vnh ( cc bi trc, bn dng vt
liu c sn trong th vin. Trong bi ny, bn to mt vt liu mi):
Material property Value (units)
EX : Elastic modulus (Modul n hi) 30e6 psi
NUXY: Poisson's ratio (H s Poisson) 0.3
DENS: Mass density (khi lng ring) 0.28 lb/in3
Xc nh tip xc lp cht
Bn s xc nh iu kin tip xc khi lp cht gia ng knh ngoi ca vnh trong vi ng knh
trong ca vnh ngoi.
1. To mt cng nhn tho ri nh minh ha di lm l cc b mt tip xc.
2. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Contact/Gaps v chn Define Contact Set. Bng
thuc tnh Contact Set xut hin.
3. t Type l Shrink Fit.
4. Click vo hp Faces, Edges, v Vertices for Source, ri click mt ngoi ca vnh trong.
5. Click vo hp Faces for Target, ri click mt trong ca vnh ngoi.
6. Di Options, chn Node to surface.
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Xem ng sut hng knh: Bn s xem cc ng sut hng knh theo trc Axis1.
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Stress v chn Define. Bng thuc tnh
Stress Plot xut hin.
2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
a. Click Axis1 trong cy FeatureManager bay ra. Axis1 xut hin trong hp Plane, Axis or Coordinate
System.
b. t Component l SX: X Normal stress. Trong mt h ta tr c xc nh bi trc tham chiu,
thnh phn ng sut SX chnh l ng sut hng knh.
c. t Units l psi.
4. Hy kim Deformed shape.
5. Click OK.
Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress v biu nh minh ha di xut hin trong vng
ha:
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Xem chuyn v hng knh: Bn s xem chuyn v hng knh theo trc Axis1.
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click th mc Displacement v chn Define. Bng
Displacement Plot xut hin.
2. Trong hp Display, lm nh sau:
a. Trong cy FeatureManager bay ra, click Axis1. Axis1 xut hin trong hp Plane, Axis, Coordinate
System.
b. t Component l UX: X Displacement.
c. t Units l in. Trong mt h ta tr c xc nh bi trc tham chiu, thnh phn chuyn v UX
chnh l chuyn v hng knh.
3. Hy kim Deformed shape.
4. Click OK. Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Displacement v biu hin th:
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Lit k chuyn v hng knh trung bnh: Dng lnh List Selected tnh bn knh ti b mt tip xc
ca 2 vnh nh sau:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Plot2 trong th mc Displacement v chn List
Selected. Hp List Selected xut hin.
2. Trong vng ha, click mt ngoi ca vnh trong v v click Update trong hp List Selected. Hp
ny s lit k cc chuyn v hng knh cho tt c cc nt ca mt c chn. Chuyn v hng knh
trung bnh l -0.4248 inch:
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3. Trong vng ha, click mt trong ca vnh ngoi v v click Update trong hp List Selected. Hp
ny lit k chuyn v hng knh trung bnh l +0.32569 inch.
4. Click Close.
Tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca cc chuyn v hng knh trung bnh trong cc bc 2 v 4
(0.4248"+0.32569"=0.75049") xp x vi gi tr cng gia 2 vnh (0.75"). Theo cc kt qu trn, bn
knh cc mt tip xc sau khi lp cht l 22-0.4248=21.5752 inch hoc 21.25+0.32569=21.57569 inch.
So snh cc kt qu
Cc gii chnh xc bi ton ny c trnh by trong cc ti liu ca Timoshenko, S. P., v Goodier, J.
N., "Theory of Elasticity," McGraw-Hill, New York (1970). Bng di y so snh cch gii ca
COSMOSWorks vi l thuyt:
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Mt chic bn nhm cha nhin liu c t trng g = 0.029 lb/in3. Nhin liu tc ng mt p sut thy
tnh thay i tuyn tnh theo chiu su ln thnh bn. Mt p sut tuyn tnh (p(y) = g*y) c t ln cc
b mt trong bn tnh t mt thong ca nhin liu tr xung, y, y l khong cch o t mt thong
nhin liu.
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b. t Units l in v g 1.
c. Click OK.
Gn vt liu
Gn Aluminum Alloy (1060 Alloy) t th vin COSMOS Material Library cho bn cha.
C nh bn cha
Bn s c nh y bn nh sau:
1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Restraints. Bng thuc tnh
Restraint xut hin.
2. t Type l Immovable (No translation).
3. Trong vng ha, click mt y bn. Face<1> xut hin trong hp Faces, Edges, Vertices for
Restraint.
4. Click OK.
To mt h ta :
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1. Click Insert, Reference Geometry, Coordinate System. Bng thuc tnh Coordinate System xut
hin.
2. Trong vng ha, click im nh minh ha di. Vertex<1> xut hin trong hp Origin.
3. Click vo hp Y Axis.
4. Trong vng ha, click cnh nh minh ha di. Edge<1> xut hin trong hp Y Axis.
t p sut:
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1. Trong cy COSMOSWorks Manager, right-click Load/Restraint v chn Pressure. Bng thuc tnh
Pressure xut hin.
2. Di Pressure Type chn Normal to selected face.
3. Trong vng ha, click 4 mt thnh bn di mt thong v mt y.
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a. t Units l psi.
b. t Shell Face l Bottom.
3. Click nhn Property tri rng n ra.
4. Trong hp Property, lm nh sau:
a. Click kim Include title text v g mt tiu cho biu , v d, von Mises Stress on the Bottom
Faces of the Tank.
b. Click kim Associate plot with name view orientation ri chn *Isometric t trnh n th xung.
5. Click OK. Biu tng Plot2 xut hin trong th mc Stress.
6. t li tn Plot2 l Bottom von Mises.
7. Double-click Bottom von Mises. Biu ng sut von Mises hin th:
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